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Zhu C, Yuan T, Krishnan J. Targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:349-369. [PMID: 38683371 PMCID: PMC11142990 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The limited ability of the adult heart to regenerate has posed challenges in finding effective treatments for cardiac pathologies. While various medications and surgical interventions have been used to improve cardiac function, they are not able to address the extensive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes that occurs during cardiac injury. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding how the cell cycle is regulated and exploring the potential for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation as a means of promoting heart regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation in cases of heart failure, while also highlighting established and novel therapeutic strategies targeting this area for treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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2
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Secco I, Giacca M. Regulation of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation: The known unknowns. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:80-89. [PMID: 37030487 PMCID: PMC10390341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial regeneration in patients with cardiac damage is a long-sought goal of clinical medicine. In animal species in which regeneration occurs spontaneously, as well as in neonatal mammals, regeneration occurs through the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, which re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Hence, the reprogramming of the replicative potential of cardiomyocytes is an achievable goal, provided that the mechanisms that regulate this process are understood. Cardiomyocyte proliferation is under the control of a series of signal transduction pathways that connect extracellular cues to the activation of specific gene transcriptional programmes, eventually leading to the activation of the cell cycle. Both coding and non-coding RNAs (in particular, microRNAs) are involved in this regulation. The available information can be exploited for therapeutic purposes, provided that a series of conceptual and technical barriers are overcome. A major obstacle remains the delivery of pro-regenerative factors specifically to the heart. Improvements in the design of AAV vectors to enhance their cardiotropism and efficacy or, alternatively, the development of non-viral methods for nucleic acid delivery in cardiomyocytes are among the challenges ahead to progress cardiac regenerative therapies towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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3
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Metabolic Determinants in Cardiomyocyte Function and Heart Regenerative Strategies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060500. [PMID: 35736435 PMCID: PMC9227827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is characterized by a loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. In this context, several cardiac regenerative strategies have been developed, but they still lack clinical effectiveness. The mammalian neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration following injury, but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages when cardiomyocytes become terminally differentiated and transit to the fetal metabolic switch. Cardiomyocytes are metabolically versatile cells capable of using an array of fuel sources, and the metabolism of cardiomyocytes suffers extended reprogramming after injury. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging regulators of epigenetic programs driving cell pluripotency and differentiation. Thus, understanding the metabolic determinants that regulate cardiomyocyte maturation and function is key for unlocking future metabolic interventions for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of metabolism and nutrient signaling in cardiomyocyte function and repair, as well as whether exploiting this axis could potentiate current cellular regenerative strategies for the mammalian heart.
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Koizumi M, Watanabe T, Masumoto J, Sunago K, Imamura Y, Kanemitsu K, Kumagi T, Hiasa Y. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD regulates the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22351. [PMID: 34785680 PMCID: PMC8595714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is a key adaptor protein of inflammasomes and a proapoptotic molecule; however, its roles in signal transduction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells remain unknown. Here, we clarified the role and mechanisms of action of ASC in PDAC using clinical evidence and in vitro data. ASC expression in PDAC tissues was analyzed using public tumor datasets and immunohistochemistry results of patients who underwent surgery, and PDAC prognosis was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. ASC expression in PDAC cells was downregulated using small-interfering RNA, and gene expression was assessed by RNA sequencing. Review of the Oncomine database and immunostaining of surgically removed tissues revealed elevated ASC expression in PDAC tumors relative to non-tumor tissue, indicating poor prognosis. We observed high ASC expression in multiple PDAC cells, with ASC silencing subsequently inhibiting PDAC cell growth and altering the expression of cell cycle-related genes. Specifically, ASC silencing reduced cyclin D1 levels and stopped the cell cycle at the G1 phase but did not modulate the expression of any apoptosis-related molecules. These results show that ASC inhibited tumor progression via cell cycle modulation in PDAC cells and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhito Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sunago
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kozue Kanemitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
- Post Graduate Medical Education Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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Johnson J, Mohsin S, Houser SR. Cardiomyocyte Proliferation as a Source of New Myocyte Development in the Adult Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157764. [PMID: 34360531 PMCID: PMC8345975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to adverse remodeling and impaired contractility of the heart due to widespread cardiomyocyte death in the damaged area. Current therapies focus on improving heart contractility and minimizing fibrosis with modest cardiac regeneration, but MI patients can still progress to heart failure (HF). There is a dire need for clinical therapies that can replace the lost myocardium, specifically by the induction of new myocyte formation from pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Many studies have shown terminally differentiated myocytes can re-enter the cell cycle and divide through manipulations of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle, signaling pathways, endogenous genes, and environmental factors. However, these approaches result in minimal myocyte renewal or cardiomegaly due to hyperactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finding the optimal treatment that will replenish cardiomyocyte numbers without causing tumorigenesis is a major challenge in the field. Another controversy is the inability to clearly define cardiomyocyte division versus myocyte DNA synthesis due to limited methods. In this review, we discuss several studies that induced cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry after cardiac injury, highlight whether cardiomyocytes completed cytokinesis, and address both limitations and methodological advances made to identify new myocyte formation.
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Induced Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: A Promising Approach to Cure Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147720. [PMID: 34299340 PMCID: PMC8303201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike some lower vertebrates which can completely regenerate their heart, the human heart is a terminally differentiated organ. Cardiomyocytes lost during cardiac injury and heart failure cannot be replaced due to their limited proliferative capacity. Therefore, cardiac injury generally leads to progressive failure. Here, we summarize the latest progress in research on methods to induce cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and heart repair through the alteration of cardiomyocyte plasticity, which is emerging as an effective strategy to compensate for the loss of functional cardiomyocytes and improve the impaired heart functions.
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Wang X, Lupton C, Lauth A, Wan TC, Foster P, Patterson M, Auchampach JA, Lough JW. Evidence that the acetyltransferase Tip60 induces the DNA damage response and cell-cycle arrest in neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:88-98. [PMID: 33609538 PMCID: PMC8154663 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tip60, a pan-acetyltransferase encoded by the Kat5 gene, is enriched in the myocardium; however, its function in the heart is unknown. In cancer cells, Tip60 acetylates Atm (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), enabling its auto-phosphorylation (pAtm), which activates the DNA damage response (DDR). It was recently reported that activation of pAtm at the time of birth induces the DDR in cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in proliferative senescence. We therefore hypothesized that Tip60 initiates this process, and that depletion of Tip60 accordingly diminishes the DDR while extending the duration of CM cell-cycle activation. To test this hypothesis, an experimental model was used wherein a Myh6-driven Cre-recombinase transgene was activated on postnatal day 0 (P0) to recombine floxed Kat5 alleles and induce Tip60 depletion in neonatal CMs, without causing pathogenesis. Depletion of Tip60 resulted in reduced numbers of pAtm-positive CMs during the neonatal period, which correlated with reduced numbers of pH2A.X-positive CMs and decreased expression of genes encoding markers of the DDR as well as inflammation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitors Meis1 and p27, activation of the cell-cycle in CMs, reduced CM size, and increased numbers of mononuclear/diploid CMs. Increased expression of fetal markers suggested that Tip60 depletion promotes a fetal-like proliferative state. Finally, infarction of Tip60-depleted hearts at P7 revealed improved cardiac function at P39 accompanied by reduced fibrosis, increased CM cell-cycle activation, and reduced apoptosis in the remote zone. These findings indicate that, among its pleiotropic functions, Tip60 induces the DDR in CMs, contributing to proliferative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Carri Lupton
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Parker Foster
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
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Wang X, Lauth A, Wan TC, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Myh6-driven Cre recombinase activates the DNA damage response and the cell cycle in the myocardium in the absence of loxP sites. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046375. [PMID: 33106234 PMCID: PMC7758623 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of muscle in the damaged myocardium is a major objective of cardiovascular research, for which purpose many investigators utilize mice containing transgenes encoding Cre recombinase to recombine loxP-flanked target genes. An unfortunate side effect of the Cre-loxP model is the propensity of Cre recombinase to inflict off-target DNA damage, which has been documented in various eukaryotic cell types including cardiomyocytes (CMs). In the heart, reported effects of Cre recombinase include contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, cellular infiltration and induction of the DNA damage response (DDR). During experiments on adult mice containing a widely used Myh6-merCremer transgene, the protein product of which is activated by tamoxifen, we observed large, transient, off-target effects of merCremer, some of which have not previously been reported. On Day 3 after the first of three daily tamoxifen injections, immunofluorescent microscopy of heart sections revealed that the presence of merCremer protein in myonuclei was nearly uniform, thereafter diminishing to near extinction by Day 6; during this time, cardiac function was depressed as determined by echocardiography. On Day 5, peaks of apoptosis and expression of DDR-regulatory genes were observed, highlighted by >25-fold increased expression of Brca1 Concomitantly, the expression of genes encoding cyclin-A2, cyclin-B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, which regulate the G2/S cell-cycle transition, were dramatically increased (>50- to 100-fold). Importantly, immunofluorescent staining revealed that this was accompanied by peaks in Ki67, 5'-bromodeoxyuridine and phosphohistone H3 labeling in non-CMs, as well as CMs. We further document that tamoxifen-induced activation of merCremer exacerbates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. These findings, when considered in the context of previous reports, indicate that the presence of merCremer in the nucleus induces DNA damage and unscheduled cell-cycle activation. Although these effects are transient, the inclusion of appropriate controls, coupled with an awareness of the defects caused by Cre recombinase, are required to avoid misinterpreting results when using Cre-loxP models for cardiac regeneration studies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John W Lough
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Cancer cells employ an evolutionarily conserved polyploidization program to resist therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 81:145-159. [PMID: 33276091 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been documented in the cancer literature since 1858. For more than 100 years, they have been generally disregarded as irreversibly senescent or dying cells, too morphologically misshapen and chromatin too disorganized to be functional. Cell enlargement, accompanied by whole genome doubling or more, is observed across organisms, often associated with mitigation strategies against environmental change, severe stress, or the lack of nutrients. Our comparison of the mechanisms for polyploidization in other organisms and non-transformed tissues suggest that cancer cells draw from a conserved program for their survival, utilizing whole genome doubling and pausing proliferation to survive stress. These polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) are the source of therapeutic resistance, responsible for cancer recurrence and, ultimately, cancer lethality.
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Wilde S, Queisser N, Sutter A. Image analysis of mechanistic protein biomarkers for the characterization of genotoxicants: Aneugens, clastogens, and reactive oxygen species inducers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:534-550. [PMID: 32297368 DOI: 10.1002/em.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of genotoxicity contributes to cutting-edge drug discovery and development, requiring effective identification of genotoxic hazards posed by drugs while providing mode of action (MoA) information in a high throughput manner. In other words, there is a need to complement standard genotoxicity testing according to the test battery given in ICH S2(R1) with new in vitro tools, thereby contributing to a more in-depth analysis of genotoxic effects. Here, we report on a proof-of-concept MoA approach based on post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) indicative of clastogenic and aneugenic effects in TK6 cells using imaging technology (with automated analysis). Cells were exposed in a 96-well plate format with a panel of reference (geno)toxic compounds and subsequently analyzed at 4 and 24 hr to detect dose-dependent changes in PTMs, relevant for mechanistic analysis. All tested compounds that interfere with the spindle apparatus yielded a BubR1 (S640) (3/3) and phospho-histone H3 (S28) (7/9) positive dose-response reflecting aneugenicity, whereas compounds inducing DNA double-strand-breaks were associated with positive FANCD2 (S1404) and 53BP1 (S1778) responses pointing to clastogenicity (2/3). The biomarker p53 (K373) was able to distinguish genotoxicants from non-genotoxicants (2/4), while the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially causing DNA damage, was associated with a positive Nrf2 (S40) response (2/2). This work demonstrates that genotoxicants and non-genotoxicants induce different biomarker responses in TK6 cells which can be used for reliable classification into MoA groups (aneugens/clastogens/non-genotoxicants/ROS inducers), supporting a more in-depth safety assessment of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wilde
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Queisser
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Ma L. Effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 on proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13488. [PMID: 31797427 DOI: 10.1111/and.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of gametogenetin-binding protein 2 (GGNBP2) on the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. PcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 was transfected to overexpress GGNBP2. Proliferation was tested by MTT assay, and migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. A subcutaneous xenograft model of prostate cancer was established. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 9) and intratumorally injected with pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2, pcDNA3-HisC and normal saline respectively. The xenograft tumour volume was measured every 3 days, and weight was measured after 2 weeks. After GGNBP2 overexpression, the proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of PC-3 cells decreased, and cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase. The protein expressions of COX-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt all reduced. The tumour volume and weight of pcDNA3-HisC-GGNBP2 group were significantly lower than those of pcDNA3-HisC group (p < .05). The proliferation capacity of GGNBP2-overexpressing prostate cancer cells is significantly attenuated, tumour growth is significantly inhibited, and cell cycle is arrested in the G1 phase. GGNBP2 overexpression affects the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Yang
- Graduate School, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Graduate School, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lianghong Ma
- Department of Urological Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Gan J, Tang FMK, Su X, Lu G, Xu J, Lee HSS, Lee KKH. microRNA-1 inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation in mouse neonatal hearts by repressing CCND1 expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:455. [PMID: 31700891 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The functions of microRNA-1 (miR-1) in cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyocyte differentiation have been investigated. However, the mechanism on how miR-1 could repress cardiomyocyte proliferation has not been fully elucidated. Methods We address this issue by investigating whether miR-1 affected the proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocyte and identify some of the genes targeted by miR-1. miR-1 was over-expressed in neonatal cardiomyocytes and the effect on cell cycle and growth were analyzed by flow cytometry and Brdu-incorporation assay. Relevant vectors carrying the luciferase reporter were constructed for validation of miR-1 binding to its matching sites on the 3'-untranslated region of the predicated target mRNAs. Cardiomyocytes were co-transfected with the vectors and miR-1 mimics, then luciferase reporter assay was performed. Lastly, we examined the expression of target genes in cardiomyocytes after transfection with miR-1 mimics, as well as their normal expression pattern in 2- and 13-day-old mice hearts. Results We have demonstrated that miR-1 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA in 13-day-old mouse hearts compared with 2-day-old hearts. We also showed that miR-1 could repress cardiomyocyte G1/S phase transition, proliferation and viability. IGF1 and CCND1 were identified as candidate target genes regulated by miR-1. In addition, overexpression of miR-1 could suppress the expression of these two genes at the mRNA level. It could also correspondingly inhibit CCND1 expression at the protein level but not for IGF1. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-1 plays an important role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation in the developing neonatal mouse heart by directly suppressing the cell-cycle regulator, CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Florence Mei Kuen Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianwei Su
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Henry Siu Sum Lee
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Chinese University of Hong Kong-University of Southampton Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lister R, Chamberlain A, Einstein F, Wu B, Zheng D, Zhou B. Intrauterine Programming of Diabetes Induced Cardiac Embryopathy. DIABETES & OBESITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2019; 4:202. [PMID: 32537569 PMCID: PMC7293196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal hyperglycemia is a well-recognized risk factor for fetal congenital heart disease. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well characterized. We hypothesize that maternal hyperglycemia leading to congenital heart are linked to abnormal DNA methylation and mRNA expression at cardiac specific loci. METHODS Hyperglycemia was induced in normal 8-week old CD-1 female mice with a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) 2 weeks prior to mating. Histological analysis of fetal cardiac morphology was evaluated for malformations on embryonic day (E) 16.5 of control pups and pups exposed to maternal hyperglycemia. We used a massively-parallel sequencing-based methylation sensitive restriction based assay to examine genome-wide cytosine methylation levels at >1.65 million loci in neonatal hearts on post-natal (P) day 0. Functional validation was performed with real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Cardiac structural defects occurred in 28% of the pups (n=12/45) of hyperglycemic dams versus 7% (n=4/61) of controls. Notable phenotypes were hypoplastic left or right ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A 10-fold increase in DNA methylation of gene promoter regions was seen in many cardiac important genes in the experimental versus control P0 neonates and have corresponding decreases in gene expression in 21/32 genes functionally validated. CONCLUSION Maternal hyperglycemia alters DNA methylation and mRNA expression of some cardiac genes during heart development. Quantitative, genome-wide assessment of cytosine methylation can be used as a discovery platform to gain insight into the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bingruo Wu
- MD Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - DeYou Zheng
- Phd Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
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14
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Wen X, Cui L, Morrisroe S, Maberry D, Emlet D, Watkins S, Hukriede NA, Kellum JA. A zebrafish model of infection-associated acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F291-F299. [PMID: 29537312 PMCID: PMC6139521 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00328.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) independently predicts mortality among critically ill patients. The role of innate immunity in this process is unclear, and there is an unmet need for S-AKI models to delineate the pathophysiological response. Mammals and zebrafish ( Danio rerio) share a conserved nephron structure and homologous innate immune systems, making the latter suitable for S-AKI research. We introduced Edwardsiella tarda to the zebrafish. Systemic E. tarda bacteremia resulted in sustained bacterial infection and dose-dependent mortality. A systemic immune reaction was characterized by increased mRNA expressions of il1b, tnfa, tgfb1a, and cxcl8-l1 ( P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively). Increase of host stress response genes ccnd1 and tp53 was observed at 24 h postinjection ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Moderate E. tarda infection induced zebrafish mortality of over 50% in larvae and 20% in adults, accompanied by pericardial edema in larvae and renal dysfunction in both larval and adult zebrafish. Expression of AKI markers insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was found to be significantly increased in the septic animals at the transcription level ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05) and in nephric tubules compared with noninfected animals. In conclusion, we established a zebrafish model of S-AKI induced by E. tarda injection, with both larval and adult zebrafish showing nephron injury in the setting of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wen
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liyan Cui
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Seth Morrisroe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald Maberry
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Emlet
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Abstract
Polyploid cells, which contain multiple copies of the typically diploid genome, are widespread in plants and animals. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed or stress induced, and arises from either cell-cell fusion or a process known as endoreplication, in which cells replicate their DNA but either fail to complete cytokinesis or to progress through M phase entirely. Polyploidization offers cells several potential fitness benefits, including the ability to increase cell size and biomass production without disrupting cell and tissue structure, and allowing improved cell longevity through higher tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. Accordingly, recent studies have uncovered crucial roles for polyploidization in compensatory cell growth during tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, epidermis and intestine. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular pathways that generate polyploidy and discuss how polyploidization is used in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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16
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17
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Hu C, Chen X, Huang Y, Chen Y. Co‐administration of kla‐TAT peptide and iRGD to enhance the permeability on A549 3D multiple sphere cells and accumulation on xenograft mice. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1567-1575. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Hu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationJilin University Changchun China
- College of Life SciencesJilin University Changchun China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationJilin University Changchun China
- College of Life SciencesJilin University Changchun China
| | - Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationJilin University Changchun China
- College of Life SciencesJilin University Changchun China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationJilin University Changchun China
- College of Life SciencesJilin University Changchun China
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18
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González-Rosa JM, Sharpe M, Field D, Soonpaa MH, Field LJ, Burns CE, Burns CG. Myocardial Polyploidization Creates a Barrier to Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Dev Cell 2018; 44:433-446.e7. [PMID: 29486195 PMCID: PMC5830170 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Correlative evidence suggests that polyploidization of heart muscle, which occurs naturally in post-natal mammals, creates a barrier to heart regeneration. Here, we move beyond a correlation by demonstrating that experimental polyploidization of zebrafish cardiomyocytes is sufficient to suppress their proliferative potential during regeneration. Initially, we determined that zebrafish myocardium becomes susceptible to polyploidization upon transient cytokinesis inhibition mediated by dominant-negative Ect2. Using a transgenic strategy, we generated adult animals containing mosaic hearts composed of differentially labeled diploid and polyploid-enriched cardiomyocyte populations. Diploid cardiomyocytes outcompeted their polyploid neighbors in producing regenerated heart muscle. Moreover, hearts composed of equivalent proportions of diploid and polyploid cardiomyocytes failed to regenerate altogether, demonstrating that a critical percentage of diploid cardiomyocytes is required to achieve heart regeneration. Our data identify cardiomyocyte polyploidization as a barrier to heart regeneration and suggest that mobilizing rare diploid cardiomyocytes in the human heart will improve its regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michka Sharpe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorothy Field
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Soonpaa
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Wang R, Su C, Wang X, Fu Q, Gao X, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang X, Wei M. Global gene expression analysis combined with a genomics approach for the identification of signal transduction networks involved in postnatal mouse myocardial proliferation and development. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:311-321. [PMID: 29115400 PMCID: PMC5746306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes may permanently lose their ability to proliferate after birth. Therefore, studying the proliferation and growth arrest of cardiomyocytes during the postnatal period may enhance the current understanding regarding this molecular mechanism. The present study identified the differentially expressed genes in hearts obtained from 24 h-old mice, which contain proliferative cardiomyocytes; 7-day-old mice, in which the cardiomyocytes are undergoing a proliferative burst; and 10-week-old mice, which contain growth-arrested cardiomyocytes, using global gene expression analysis. Furthermore, myocardial proliferation and growth arrest were analyzed from numerous perspectives, including Gene Ontology annotation, cluster analysis, pathway enrichment and network construction. The results of a Gene Ontology analysis indicated that, with increasing age, enriched gene function was not only associated with cell cycle, cell division and mitosis, but was also associated with metabolic processes and protein synthesis. In the pathway analysis, 'cell cycle', proliferation pathways, such as the 'PI3K-AKT signaling pathway', and 'metabolic pathways' were well represented. Notably, the cluster analysis revealed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)1, BMP10, cyclin E2, E2F transcription factor 1 and insulin like growth factor 1 exhibited increased expression in hearts obtained from 7-day-old mice. In addition, the signal transduction pathway associated with the cell cycle was identified. The present study primarily focused on genes with altered expression, including downregulated anaphase promoting complex subunit 1, cell division cycle (CDC20), cyclin dependent kinase 1, MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor and CDC25C, and upregulated growth arrest and DNA damage inducible α in 10-week group, which may serve important roles in postnatal myocardial cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, these data may provide important information regarding myocardial proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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20
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Zhu HQ, Gao FH. The Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation on USP2's Alternative Splicing and the Significance of Its Products. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1489-1496. [PMID: 29230097 PMCID: PMC5723915 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) has a regulatory function in cell growth or death and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. USP2 gene can generate 7 splicing variants through alternative splicing, and 5 variants respectively as USP2-201, USP2-202, USP2-204, USP2-205, USP2-206 can encode proteins. The influence of circadian rhythm, nutrition and androgen on specific signaling molecules or cytokines can regulate the alternative splicing of USP2. Specifically, PKC activator, IL-1β, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 are all regulatory factors for USP2's alternative splicing. USP2-201 plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, and is also of great significance in EGFR recycling. USP2-202 can activate apoptosis signaling pathway to participate in cell apoptosis, and USP2-204 can induce cell anti-virus reaction to decrease. In general, we collect and summarize the factors involved in the alternative splicing of USP2 in this review to further understand the mechanism behind the USP2's alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, China
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21
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world. The limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is the major barrier for heart regeneration. After myocardial infarction, myofibroblasts are the dominant cell type in the infarct zone. Therefore, it is a good idea to reprogram terminally differentiated myofibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells directly, providing a good strategy to simultaneously reduce scar tissue and increase functional cardiomyocytes. Transcription factors were first identified to reprogram myofibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Thereafter, microRNAs and/or small molecules showed great potential to optimize the reprogramming process. Here, we systemically summarize and compare the major progress in directed cardiac reprogramming including transcription factors and miRNAs, especially the small molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges needed to be overcome to apply this strategy clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
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22
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Geng Z, Wang J, Pan L, Li M, Zhang J, Cai X, Chu M. Microarray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Profile Between Human Fetal and Adult Heart. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:700-706. [PMID: 28331934 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many changes have been discovered during heart maturation, the genetic mechanisms involved in the changes between immature and mature myocardium have only been partially elucidated. Here, gene expression profile changed between the human fetal and adult heart was characterized. A human microarray was applied to define the gene expression signatures of the fetal (13-17 weeks of gestation, n = 4) and adult hearts (30-40 years old, n = 4). Gene ontology analyses, pathway analyses, gene set enrichment analyses, and signal transduction network were performed to predict the function of the differentially expressed genes. Ten mRNAs were confirmed by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction. 5547 mRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed. "Cell cycle" was the most enriched pathway in the down-regulated genes. EFGR, IGF1R, and ITGB1 play a central role in the regulation of heart development. EGFR, IGF1R, and FGFR2 were the core genes regulating cardiac cell proliferation. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction results were concordant with the microarray data. Our data identified the transcriptional regulation of heart development in the second trimester and the potential regulators that play a prominent role in the regulation of heart development and cardiac cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Geng
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Tianjin Children Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Pan
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitai Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Cardiolgy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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23
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Nixon BR, Williams AF, Glennon MS, de Feria AE, Sebag SC, Baldwin HS, Becker JR. Alterations in sarcomere function modify the hyperplastic to hypertrophic transition phase of mammalian cardiomyocyte development. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90656. [PMID: 28239655 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how perturbations in cardiomyocyte sarcomere function alter postnatal heart development. We utilized murine models that allowed manipulation of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) expression at critical stages of cardiac ontogeny to study the response of the postnatal heart to disrupted sarcomere function. We discovered that the hyperplastic to hypertrophic transition phase of mammalian heart development was altered in mice lacking MYBPC3 and this was the critical period for subsequent development of cardiomyopathy. Specifically, MYBPC3-null hearts developed evidence of increased cardiomyocyte endoreplication, which was accompanied by enhanced expression of cell cycle stimulatory cyclins and increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Interestingly, this response was self-limited at later developmental time points by an upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. These results provide valuable insights into how alterations in sarcomere protein function modify postnatal heart development and highlight the potential for targeting cell cycle regulatory pathways to counteract cardiomyopathic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - H Scott Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology.,Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology
| | - Jason R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Karra R, Poss KD. Redirecting cardiac growth mechanisms for therapeutic regeneration. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:427-436. [PMID: 28145902 DOI: 10.1172/jci89786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Replacing lost myocardium with new tissue is a major goal of regenerative medicine. Unlike adult mammals, zebrafish and neonatal mice are capable of heart regeneration following cardiac injury. In both contexts, the regenerative program echoes molecular and cellular events that occur during cardiac development and morphogenesis, notably muscle creation through division of cardiomyocytes. Based on studies over the past decade, it is now accepted that the adult mammalian heart undergoes a low grade of cardiomyocyte turnover. Recent data suggest that this cardiomyocyte turnover can be augmented in the adult mammalian heart by redeployment of developmental factors. These findings and others suggest that stimulating endogenous regenerative responses can emerge as a therapeutic strategy for human cardiovascular disease.
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25
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Wang J, Geng Z, Weng J, Shen L, Li M, Cai X, Sun C, Chu M. Microarray analysis reveals a potential role of LncRNAs expression in cardiac cell proliferation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:41. [PMID: 27863467 PMCID: PMC5116129 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been identified to play important roles in epigenetic processes that underpin organogenesis. However, the role of LncRNAs in the regulation of transition from fetal to adult life of human heart has not been evaluated. Methods Immunofiuorescent staining was used to determine the extent of cardiac cell proliferation. Human LncRNA microarrays were applied to define gene expression signatures of the fetal (13–17 weeks of gestation, n = 4) and adult hearts (30–40 years old, n = 4). Pathway analysis was performed to predict the function of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEM). DEM related to cell proliferation were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Eight lncRNAs were confirmed by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 6). Results Cardiac cell proliferation was significant in the fetal heart. Two thousand six hundred six lncRNAs and 3079 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Cell cycle was the most enriched pathway in down-regulated genes in the adult heart. Eight lncRNAs (RP11-119 F7.5, AX747860, HBBP1, LINC00304, TPTE2P6, AC034193.5, XLOC_006934 and AL833346) were predicted to play a central role in cardiac cell proliferation. Conclusions We discovered a profile of lncRNAs differentially expressed between the human fetal and adult heart. Several meaningful lncRNAs involved in cardiac cell proliferation were disclosed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0139-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Shangcaicun, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Geng
- Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Childrens' Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakan Weng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Shangcaicun, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjie Shen
- Department of Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengchao Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Shangcaicun, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Simple Monolayer Differentiation of Murine Cardiomyocytes via Nutrient Deprivation-Mediated Activation of β-Catenin. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:731-743. [PMID: 27539623 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methods to generate murine cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro are resource and time intensive. All current protocols require exogenously provided soluble factors and almost all utilize embryoid body formation to modulate pathways associated with mesoderm specification and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we developed a simple protocol without EBs and without exogenous soluble factors that enabled cardiomyocyte differentiation of a murine induced PSC line based on controlled nutrient deprivation in 2D monolayer cultures. We showed that this protocol reproducibly imposed metabolic stress and consequently modulated active β-catenin levels to yield functional cardiomyocytes. The yield of cardiomyocytes and calcium handling kinetics were comparable to existing approaches. However, this approach did not produce consistent results between murine PSC lines suggesting signaling pathways linking nutrient deprivation to β-catenin activation are not universally conserved and may be a remnant of the parent population from which the induced PSCs were derived.
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27
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Hu X, Guo W, Chen S, Xu Y, Li P, Wang H, Chu H, Li J, DU Y, Chen X, Zhang G, Zhao G. Silencing of AP-4 inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3735-3742. [PMID: 27313685 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating enhancer-binding protein (AP)-4 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, and is involved in tumor biology. However, the role of AP-4 in human lung cancer remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the expression of AP-4 in human lung cancer tissues and cells was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and it was observed that the level of AP-4 was increased in tumor tissues and cells compared with their normal counterparts. AP-4 expression was knocked down by transfection with a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in lung cancer cells, and this indicated that siRNA-mediated silencing of AP-4 inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis by modulating the expression of p21 and cyclin D1. The results of the present study suggest that AP-4 may be an oncoprotein that has a significant role in lung cancer, and that siRNA-mediated silencing of AP-4 may have therapeutic potential as a strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yizhuo Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huaqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Heying Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen DU
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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Zebrowski DC, Becker R, Engel FB. Towards regenerating the mammalian heart: challenges in evaluating experimentally induced adult mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1045-54. [PMID: 26921436 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in research aimed at regenerating the mammalian heart by promoting endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation. Despite many encouraging successes, it remains unclear if we are any closer to achieving levels of mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation for regeneration as seen during zebrafish regeneration. Furthermore, current cardiac regenerative approaches do not clarify whether the induced cardiomyocyte proliferation is an epiphenomena or responsible for the observed improvement in cardiac function. Moreover, due to the lack of standardized protocols to determine cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo, it remains unclear if one mammalian regenerative factor is more effective than another. Here, we discuss current methods to identify and evaluate factors for the induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and challenges therein. Addressing challenges in evaluating adult cardiomyocyte proliferation will assist in determining 1) which regenerative factors should be pursued in large animal studies; 2) if a particular level of cell cycle regulation presents a better therapeutic target than another (e.g., mitogenic receptors vs. cyclins); and 3) which combinatorial approaches offer the greatest likelihood of success. As more and more regenerative studies come to pass, progress will require a system that not only can evaluate efficacy in an objective manner but can also consolidate observations in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Zebrowski
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Abdel-Lateff A, Al-Abd AM, Alahdal AM, Alarif WM, Ayyad SEN, Al-Lihaibi SS, Hegazy ME, Al Mohammadi A, Abdelghany TM, Abdel-Naim AB, Moustafa MA, Banjer ZM, Azhar AS. Antiproliferative effects of triterpenoidal derivatives, obtained from the marine sponge Siphonochalina sp., on human hepatic and colorectal cancer cells. Z NATURFORSCH C 2016; 71:29-35. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Three triterpenoidal derivatives [Sipholenol A (1), sipholenol L (2) and sipholenone A (3)] were isolated from the Red Sea sponge Siphonochalina sp. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic measurements (NMR, UV, IR and MS). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines; HepG2, Caco-2 and HT-29. Moreover, the effects of these metabolites on cell cycle progression as well as cell cycle regulating proteins were assessed. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed moderate activity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 17.18 ± 1.18, 24.01 ± 0.59 and 35.06 ± 1.10 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exerted a considerable antiproliferative effect with IC50 values of 4.80 ± 0.18 and 26.64 ± 0.30 μM, respectively, against Caco-2 cells. Finally, 1 and 2 exhibited antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) with IC50 values of 24.65 ± 0.80 and 4.48 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Cell cycle analysis indicated that these compounds induced cell cycle arrest particularly in G0/G1 and S phases. Furthermore, the triterpenoids increased the expression of cyclin-B1, cyclin-D1 and cleaved caspase-3, as determined by immunofluorescence, indicating an important role of apoptosis in cell death induced by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Lateff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alahdal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walied M. Alarif
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seif-Eldin N. Ayyad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S. Al-Lihaibi
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Hegazy
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Plants, and Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ameen Al Mohammadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer M. Abdelghany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A.A. Moustafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainy M. Banjer
- Faculty of medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. Azhar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tane S, Okayama H, Ikenishi A, Amemiya Y, Nakayama KI, Takeuchi T. Two inhibitory systems and CKIs regulate cell cycle exit of mammalian cardiomyocytes after birth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:147-54. [PMID: 26363457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes actively proliferate during embryonic stages, following which they exit their cell cycle after birth, and the exit is maintained. Previously, we showed that two inhibitory systems (the G1-phase inhibitory system: repression of cyclin D1 expression; the M-phase inhibitory system: inhibition of CDK1 activation) maintain the cell cycle exit of mouse adult cardiomyocytes. We also showed that two CDK inhibitors (CKIs), p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), regulate the cell cycle exit in a portion of postnatal cardiomyocytes. It remains unknown whether the two inhibitory systems are involved in the cell cycle exit of postnatal cardiomyocytes and whether p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) also inhibit entry to M-phase. Here, we showed that more than 40% of cardiomyocytes entered an additional cell cycle by induction of cyclin D1 expression at postnatal stages, but M-phase entry was inhibited in the majority of cardiomyocytes. Marked cell cycle progression and endoreplication were observed in cardiomyocytes of p21(Cip1) knockout mice at 4 weeks of age. In addition, tri- and tetranucleated cardiomyocytes increased significantly in p21(Cip1) knockout mice. These data showed that the G1-phase inhibitory system and two CKIs (p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1)) inhibit entry to an additional cell cycle in postnatal cardiomyocytes, and that the M-phase inhibitory system and p21(Cip1) inhibit M-phase entry of cardiomyocytes which have entered the additional cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tane
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okayama
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Aiko Ikenishi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Amemiya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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Depletion of cardiac 14-3-3η protein adversely influences pathologic cardiac remodeling during myocardial infarction after coronary artery ligation in mice. Int J Cardiol 2015; 202:146-53. [PMID: 26386943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES 14-3-3η protein, a dimeric phosphoserine-binding protein, provides protection against adverse cardiac remodeling during pressure-overload induced heart failure in mice. To identify its role in myocardial infarction (MI), we have used mice with cardio-specific expression of dominant-negative 14-3-3η protein mutant (DN14-3-3) and performed the surgical ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. METHODS We have performed echocardiography to assess cardiac function, protein expression analysis using Western blotting, mRNA expression by real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and histopathological analyses. RESULTS DN14-3-3 mice with MI displayed reduced survival, left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Interestingly, DN14-3-3 mice subjected to MI showed increased cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis as compared to their wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, DN14-3-3 mice with MI exhibited activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and markers of maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Cardiac regeneration marker expression also decreased drastically in the DN14-3-3 mice with MI. CONCLUSION Depletion of the 14-3-3η protein causes cardiac dysfunction and reduces survival in mice with MI, probably via exacerbation of ER stress and death signaling pathways and suppression of cardiac regeneration. Thus, identification of drugs that can modulate cardiac 14-3-3η protein levels may probably provide a novel protective therapy for heart failure.
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Abstract
In mammals, cardiomyocytes rapidly proliferate in the fetus and continue to do so for a few more days after birth. These cardiomyocytes then enter into growth arrest but the detailed molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. We have addressed this issue by comparing the transcriptomes of 2-day-old (containing dividing cardiomyocytes) with 13-day-old (containing growth arrested cardiomyocytes) postnatal mouse hearts. We performed comparative microarray analysis on the heart tissues and then conducted Functional annotation, Gene ontology, KEGG pathway and Gene Set enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed genes. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that gene ontology categories associated with the “cell cycle”, “DNA replication”, “chromosome segregation” and “microtubule cytoskeleton” were down-regulated. Inversely, “immune response”, “extracellular matrix”, “cell differentiation” and “cell membrane” were up-regulated. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) has revealed that GATA4, MYH7 and IGF1R were the key drivers of the gene interaction networks. In addition, Regulator Effects network analysis suggested that TASP1, TOB1, C1orf61, AIF1, ROCK1, TFF2 and miR503-5p may be acting on the cardiomyocytes in 13-day-old mouse hearts to inhibit cardiomyocyte proliferation and G1/S phase transition. RT-qPCR was used to validate genes which were differentially expressed and genes that play a prominent role in the pathways and interaction networks that we identified. In sum, our integrative analysis has provided more insights into the transcriptional regulation of cardiomyocyte exit from the cell cycle during postnatal heart development. The results also pinpoint potential regulators that could be used to induce growth arrested cardiomyocytes to proliferate in the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gan
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hans-Joachim Sonntag
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Mei kuen Tang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- * E-mail:
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Li M, Iismaa SE, Naqvi N, Nicks A, Husain A, Graham RM. Thyroid hormone action in postnatal heart development. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:582-91. [PMID: 25087894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a critical regulator of cardiac growth and development, both in fetal life and postnatally. Here we review the role of thyroid hormone in postnatal cardiac development, given recent insights into its role in stimulating a burst of cardiomyocyte proliferation in the murine heart in preadolescence; a response required to meet the massive increase in circulatory demand predicated by an almost quadrupling of body weight during a period of about 21 days from birth to adolescence. Importantly, thyroid hormone metabolism is altered by chronic diseases, such as heart failure and ischemic heart disease, as well as in very sick children requiring surgery for congenital heart diseases, which results in low T3 syndrome that impairs cardiovascular function and is associated with a poor prognosis. Therapy with T3 or thyroid hormone analogs has been shown to improve cardiac contractility; however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. Given the postnatal cardiomyocyte mitogenic potential of T3, its ability to enhance cardiac function by promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation warrants further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amy Nicks
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.
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