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Li L, Zhang Z, Zhang B. iJAZ: the next breakthrough for engineering pest-resistance in plants? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00205-X. [PMID: 39107204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Although transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have brought various ecological and socioeconomic benefits, there is evidence suggesting that pests will eventually develop resistance to Bt crops. Thus, additional genes are urgently needed to engineer pest resistance in plants. A recent study by Mo et al. indicates that iJAZ maybe the next breakthrough for engineering pest resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, and Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Crop Root Biology and Green Efficient Production, School of Biological Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, and Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Crop Root Biology and Green Efficient Production, School of Biological Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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2
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Mo H, Chang H, Zhao G, Hu G, Luo X, Jia X, Xu Z, Ren G, Feng L, Wendel JF, Chen X, Ren M, Li F. iJAZ-based approach to engineer lepidopteran pest resistance in multiple crop species. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:771-784. [PMID: 38684916 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) poses a significant threat to global crop production. Here we showed that overexpression of jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein GhJAZ24 confers resistance to cotton bollworm and FAW, while also causing sterility in transgenic cotton by recruiting TOPLESS and histone deacetylase 6. We identified the NGR motif of GhJAZ24 that recognizes and binds the aminopeptidase N receptor, enabling GhJAZ24 to enter cells and disrupt histone deacetylase 3, leading to cell death. To overcome plant sterility associated with GhJAZ24 overexpression, we developed iJAZ (i, induced), an approach involving damage-induced expression and a switch from intracellular to extracellular localization of GhJAZ24. iJAZ transgenic cotton maintained fertility and showed insecticidal activity against cotton bollworm and FAW. In addition, iJAZ transgenic rice, maize and tobacco plants showed insecticidal activity against their lepidopteran pests, resulting in an iJAZ-based approach for generating alternative insecticidal proteins with distinctive mechanisms of action, thus holding immense potential for future crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Huimin Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenlu Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
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Oryani MA, Nosrati S, Javid H, Mehri A, Hashemzadeh A, Karimi-Shahri M. Targeted cancer treatment using folate-conjugated sponge-like ZIF-8 nanoparticles: a review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1377-1404. [PMID: 37715816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) is a potential drug delivery system because of its unique properties, which include a large surface area, a large pore capacity, a large loading capacity, and outstanding stability under physiological conditions. ZIF-8 nanoparticles may be readily functionalized with targeting ligands for the identification and absorption of particular cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic medicines and reducing adverse effects. ZIF-8 is also pH-responsive, allowing medication release in the acidic milieu of cancer cells. Because of its tunable structure, it can be easily functionalized to design cancer-specific targeted medicines. The delivery of ZIF-8 to cancer cells can be facilitated by folic acid-conjugation. Hence, it can bind to overexpressed folate receptors on the surface of cancer cells, which holds the promise of reducing unwanted deliveries. As a result of its importance in cancer treatment, the folate-conjugated ZIF-8 was the major focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Nosrati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Azad Shahroud University, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehri
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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4
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Anderluzzi G, Ghitti M, Gasparri AM, Taiè G, Sacchi A, Gori A, Andolfo A, Pozzi F, Musco G, Curnis F, Corti A. A novel aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitor selectively targets an endothelial form of CD13 after coupling to proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:68. [PMID: 38289472 PMCID: PMC10827914 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N/CD13, a membrane-bound enzyme upregulated in tumor vasculature and involved in angiogenesis, can be used as a receptor for the targeted delivery of drugs to tumors through ligand-directed targeting approaches. We describe a novel peptide ligand (VGCARRYCS, called "G4") that recognizes CD13 with high affinity and selectivity. Enzymological and computational studies showed that G4 is a competitive inhibitor that binds to the catalytic pocket of CD13 through its N-terminal region. Fusing the peptide C-terminus to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) or coupling it to a biotin/avidin complex causes loss of binding and inhibitory activity against different forms of CD13, including natural or recombinant ectoenzyme and a membrane form expressed by HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (likely due to steric hindrance), but not binding to a membrane form of CD13 expressed by endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, G4-TNF systemically administered to tumor-bearing mice exerted anticancer effects through a CD13-targeting mechanism, indicating the presence of a CD13 form in tumor vessels with an accessible binding site. Biochemical studies showed that most CD13 molecules expressed on the surface of ECs are catalytically inactive. Other functional assays showed that these molecules can promote endothelial cell adhesion to plates coated with G4-avidin complexes, suggesting that the endothelial form of CD13 can exert catalytically independent biological functions. In conclusion, ECs express a catalytically inactive form of CD13 characterized by an accessible conformation that can be selectively targeted by G4-protein conjugates. This form of CD13 may represent a specific target receptor for ligand-directed targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Group, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Taiè
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pozzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Group, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Lin F, Zhang H, Li L, Yang Y, Zou X, Chen J, Tang X. PEDV: Insights and Advances into Types, Function, Structure, and Receptor Recognition. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081744. [PMID: 36016366 PMCID: PMC9416423 DOI: 10.3390/v14081744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been endemic in most parts of the world since its emergence in the 1970s. It infects the small intestine and intestinal villous cells, spreads rapidly, and causes infectious intestinal disease characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, leading to high mortality in newborn piglets and causing massive economic losses to the pig industry. The entry of PEDV into cells is mediated by the binding of its spike protein (S protein) to a host cell receptor. Here, we review the structure of PEDV, its strains, and the structure and function of the S protein shared by coronaviruses, and summarize the progress of research on possible host cell receptors since the discovery of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linquan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence:
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Yoshihara M, Mizutani S, Kato Y, Matsumoto K, Mizutani E, Mizutani H, Fujimoto H, Osuka S, Kajiyama H. Recent Insights into Human Endometrial Peptidases in Blastocyst Implantation via Shedding of Microvesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13479. [PMID: 34948276 PMCID: PMC8708926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation involves multiple interactions with numerous molecules expressed in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) during the implantation window; however, there is limited information regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the crosstalk. In blastocysts, fibronectin plays a major role in the adhesion of various types of cells by binding to extracellular matrix proteins via the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. In EECs, RGD-recognizing integrins are important bridging receptors for fibronectin, whereas the non-RGD binding of fibronectin includes interactions with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)/cluster of differentiation (CD) 26. Fibronectin may also bind to aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13, and in the endometrium, these peptidases are present in plasma membranes and lysosomal membranes. Blastocyst implantation is accompanied by lysosome exocytosis, which transports various peptidases and nutrients into the endometrial cavity to facilitate blastocyst implantation. Both DPPIV and APN are released into the uterine cavity via shedding of microvesicles (MVs) from EECs. Recently, extracellular vesicles derived from endometrial cells have been proposed to act on trophectoderm cells to promote implantation. MVs are also secreted from embryonal stem cells and may play an active role in implantation. Thus, crosstalk between the blastocyst and endometrium via extracellular vesicles is a new insight into the fundamental molecular basis of blastocyst implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.M.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Shigehiko Mizutani
- Daiyabilding Lady’s Clinic, 1-1-17 Meieki, Nishi-ku, Nagoya 451-0045, Japan;
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Eita Mizutani
- Daiyabilding Lady’s Clinic, 1-1-17 Meieki, Nishi-ku, Nagoya 451-0045, Japan;
| | - Hidesuke Mizutani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.M.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.M.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (H.K.)
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.M.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.M.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (H.K.)
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Khursheed A, Jain V, Rasool A, Rather MA, Malik NA, Shalla AH. Molecular scaffolds from mother nature as possible lead compounds in drug design and discovery against coronaviruses: A landscape analysis of published literature and molecular docking studies. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104933. [PMID: 33984466 PMCID: PMC8110334 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of viral infection and its transmission has highlighted the importance of its slowdown for the safeguard of public health, globally. The identification of novel drugs and efficient therapies against these infectious viruses is need of the hour. The eruption of COVID-19 is caused by a novel acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS-CoV-2 which has taken the whole world by storm as it has transformed into a global pandemic. This lethal syndrome is a global health threat to general public which has already affected millions of people. Despite the development of some potential vaccines and repurposed drugs by some Pharma companies, this health emergency needs more attention due to the less efficacy of these vaccines coupled with the emergence of novel and resistant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Due to enormous structural diversity and biological applications, natural products are considered as a wonderful source of drugs for such diseases. Natural product based drugs constitute a substantial proportion of the pharmaceutical market particularly in the therapeutic areas of infectious diseases and oncology. The naturally occurring bioactive antiviral phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids and peptides have been subjected to virtual screening against COVID-19. Since there is no specific medicine available for the treatment of Covid-19, designing new drugs using in silico methods plays an all important role to find that magic bullet which can target this lethal virus. The in silico method is not only quick but economical also when compared to the other conventional methods which are hit and trial methods. Based on this in silico approach, various natural products have been recently identified which might have a potential to inhibit COVID-19 outbreak. These natural products have been shown by these docking studies to interact with the spike protein of the novel coronavirus. This spike protein has been shown to bind to a transmembrane protein called Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), this protein acts as a receptor for the viral spike protein. This comprehensive review article anticipates providing a summary of the authentic and peer reviewed published literature about the potential of natural metabolites that can be developed into possible lead compounds against this new threat of Covid-19. Main focus of the article will be to highlight natural sources of potential anti-coronavirus molecules, mechanism of action, docking studies and the target proteins as well as their toxicity profiles. This review article intends to provide a starting point for the research endeavors that are needed for the design and development of drugs based on pure natural products, their synthetic or semi-synthetic derivatives and standardized plant extracts. This review article will be highly helpful for scientists who are working or intend to work on antiviral drugs from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Khursheed
- Department of Chemistry, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajaz Rasool
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awanti Pora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Nisar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awanti Pora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabid Hussain Shalla
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awanti Pora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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8
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Zhu YS, Tang K, Lv J. Peptide-drug conjugate-based novel molecular drug delivery system in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:857-869. [PMID: 34334251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are generally believed to comprise drugs and excipients. A peptide-drug conjugate is a single molecule that can simultaneously play multiple roles in a drug delivery system, such as in vivo drug distribution, targeted release, and bioactivity functions. This molecule can be regarded as an integrated drug delivery system, so it is called a molecular drug delivery system. In the context of cancer therapy, a peptide-drug conjugate comprises a tumor-targeting peptide, a payload, and a linker. Tumor-targeting peptides specifically identify membrane receptors on tumor cells, improve drug-targeted therapeutic effects, and reduce toxic and side effects. Payloads with bioactive functions connect to tumor-targeting peptides through linkers. In this review, we explored ongoing clinical work on peptide-drug conjugates targeting various receptors. We discuss the binding mechanisms of tumor-targeting peptides and related receptors, as well as the limiting factors for peptide-drug conjugate-based molecular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Kexing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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9
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Abstract
Drug metabolizing enzymes catalyze the biotransformation of many of drugs and chemicals. The drug metabolizing enzymes are distributed among several evolutionary families and catalyze a range of detoxication reactions, including oxidation/reduction, conjugative, and hydrolytic reactions that serve to detoxify potentially toxic compounds. This detoxication function requires that drug metabolizing enzymes exhibit substrate promiscuity. In addition to their catalytic functions, many drug metabolizing enzymes possess functions unrelated to or in addition to catalysis. Such proteins are termed 'moonlighting proteins' and are defined as proteins with multiple biochemical or biophysical functions that reside in a single protein. This review discusses the diverse moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes and the roles they play in physiological functions relating to reproduction, vision, cell signaling, cancer, and transport. Further research will likely reveal new examples of moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Board
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Reddi R, Ganji RJ, Marapaka AK, Bala SC, Yerra NV, Haque N, Addlagatta A. Puromycin, a selective inhibitor of PSA acts as a substrate for other M1 family aminopeptidases: Biochemical and structural basis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1373-1381. [PMID: 33045297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA or NPEPPS) is a M1 class aminopeptidase is selectively inhibited by the natural product puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger. The molecular basis for this selective inhibition has not been understood well. Here, we report the basis for selectivity of puromycin using biochemical, structural and molecular modeling tools on four different M1 family enzymes including human PSA. Except for PSA, the other three enzymes were not inhibited. Instead, the peptide bond in the puromycin is hydrolyzed to O-methyl-L-tyrosine (OMT) and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Neither of the hydrolyzed products, individually or together inhibit any of the four enzymes. Crystal structure of ePepN using crystals that are incubated with puromycin contained the hydrolyzed products instead of intact puromycin. On the other hand, intact puromycin molecule was observed in the crystal structure of the inactive mutant ePepN (E298A)-puromycin complex. Surprisingly, puromycin does not enter the active site of the mutant enzyme but binds near the entrance. Comparison of puromycin binding region in ePepN mutant enzyme and molecular modeling studies suggest that PSA might be inhibited by similar mode of binding there by blocking the entrance of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Reddi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Roopa Jones Ganji
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Marapaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandeep Chowdary Bala
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naga Veera Yerra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Neshatul Haque
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Anthony Addlagatta
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Gierlich P, Mata AI, Donohoe C, Brito RMM, Senge MO, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Ligand-Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5317. [PMID: 33202648 PMCID: PMC7698280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment which involves a photosensitizer (PS), light at a specific wavelength for PS activation and oxygen, which combine to elicit cell death. While the illumination required to activate a PS imparts a certain amount of selectivity to PDT treatments, poor tumor accumulation and cell internalization are still inherent properties of most intravenously administered PSs. As a result, common consequences of PDT include skin photosensitivity. To overcome the mentioned issues, PSs may be tailored to specifically target overexpressed biomarkers of tumors. This active targeting can be achieved by direct conjugation of the PS to a ligand with enhanced affinity for a target overexpressed on cancer cells and/or other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, PSs may be incorporated into ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which may also encompass multi-functionalities, including diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we highlight the major advances in active targeting of PSs, either by means of ligand-derived bioconjugates or by exploiting ligand-targeting nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gierlich
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ana I. Mata
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
| | - Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Lígia C. Gomes-da-Silva
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
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12
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Kozaki I, Suzuki T, You SC, Shimizu K, Honda H. Increasing the activity of cell adherent cyclic NGR peptides by optimizing the peptide length and amino acid character. J Pept Sci 2020; 27:e3287. [PMID: 32964600 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are an attractive modality for the development of therapeutics and the identification of functional cyclic peptides that contribute to novel drug development. The peptide array is one of the optimization methods for peptide sequences and also useful to understand sequence-function relationship of peptides. Cell adherent cyclic NGR peptide which selectively binds to the aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) is known as an attractive tumor marker. In this study, we designed and screened a library of different length and an amino acid substitution library to identify stronger cell adhesion peptides and to reveal that the factor of higher binding between CD13 and optimized cyclic peptides. Additionally, we designed and evaluated 192 peptide libraries using eight representative amino acids to reduce the size of the library. Through these optimization steps of cyclic peptides, we identified 23 peptides that showed significantly higher cell adhesion activity than cKCNGRC, which was previously reported as a cell adhesion cyclic peptide. Among them, cCRHNGRARC showed the highest activity, that is, 1.65 times higher activity than cKCNGRC. An analysis of sequence and functional data showed that the rules which show higher cell adhesion activity for the three basic cyclic peptides (cCX1 HNGRHX2 C, cCX1 HNGRAX2 C, and cCX1 ANGRHX2 C) are related with the position of His residues and cationic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikko Kozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sheng-Chao You
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Innovative Research Center for Preventative Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Banerjee S, Amin SA, Baidya SK, Adhikari N, Jha T. Exploring the structural aspects of ureido-amino acid-based APN inhibitors: a validated comparative multi-QSAR modelling study. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:325-345. [PMID: 32174187 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1734080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-dependent enzyme aminopeptidase N (APN) is a member of the M1 metalloenzyme family. The multi-functionality of APN as a peptidase, a receptor and a signalling molecule has provided it the access to influence a number of disease conditions namely viral diseases, angiogenesis, cellular metastasis and invasion including different cancer conditions. Hence, the development of potent APN inhibitors is a possible route for the treatment of diseases related to the activity of APN. In this study, different QSAR approaches have been adopted to identify the structural features of a group of hydroxamate-based ureido-amino acid derivative APN inhibitors. This study was able to identify different constitutional aspects of these APN inhibitors which are important for their inhibitory potency. Additionally, some of these observations were also aligned with the observations of previously performed QSAR studies conducted on different APN inhibitors. Therefore, the results of this study may help to design potent and effective APN inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - S A Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - S K Baidya
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - N Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
| | - T Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, India
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14
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Sajid MS, Jabeen F, Hussain D, Gardner QA, Ashiq MN, Najam‐ul‐Haq M. Boronic acid functionalized fibrous cellulose for the selective enrichment of glycopeptides. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1348-1355. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Sajid
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Fahmida Jabeen
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam‐ul‐Haq
- Division of Analytical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
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15
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Rajavenkatesh K, Padmaja M, Janani I, Aishwarya S, Purna Sai K, Thennarasu S. Design and synthesis of a novel peptide for selective detection of cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:610-623. [PMID: 32147880 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a minimalist approach, an 11-residue peptide (Peptide 1) tagged with rhodamine fluorophore was designed and synthesized for selective detection of cancer cells. Peptide 1 contains RGD and NGR motifs to bind, respectively, integrins and aminopeptidase CD13, which are over expressed in cancer cells. Surface tension measurements revealed that peptide 1 possess surface-active property owing to the overall hydrophobicity and cationic nature of the peptide. Peptide 1 displays cancer cell-selective binding at ≤5.0 µM concentrations, while peptide 2 (randomized sequence of 1) shows non-selective binding to normal and cancer cells. Fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis demonstrated the intracellular localization of peptide 1 in three different cancer cell lines, confirming the role of RGD and NGR motifs. Cytotoxicity assay exhibited the viability of normal and cancer cells up to 100 µM concentrations of peptide 1. Steady-state fluorescence measurements disclosed the preferential interactions of the peptide 1 with anionic POPC/POPG bilayers rather than with zwitterionic POPC lipid bilayers. Circular dichroism studies showed minimal changes in the secondary structure of peptide 1 upon binding with the anionic lipid bilayers. Peptide 1 is largely unordered, non-toxic, and useful for identification of cancer cells. Peptide 1 provides a template for designing drug-loaded peptides for targeted delivery into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murali Padmaja
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Indrakumar Janani
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Satish Aishwarya
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Korrapati Purna Sai
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Sathiah Thennarasu
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
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16
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Shang J, Wan Y, Liu C, Yount B, Gully K, Yang Y, Auerbach A, Peng G, Baric R, Li F. Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008392. [PMID: 32150576 PMCID: PMC7082060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses recognize a variety of receptors using different domains of their envelope-anchored spike protein. How these diverse receptor recognition patterns affect viral entry is unknown. Mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) is the only known coronavirus that uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of its spike to recognize a protein receptor, CEACAM1a. Here we determined the cryo-EM structure of MHV spike complexed with mouse CEACAM1a. The trimeric spike contains three receptor-binding S1 heads sitting on top of a trimeric membrane-fusion S2 stalk. Three receptor molecules bind to the sides of the spike trimer, where three NTDs are located. Receptor binding induces structural changes in the spike, weakening the interactions between S1 and S2. Using protease sensitivity and negative-stain EM analyses, we further showed that after protease treatment of the spike, receptor binding facilitated the dissociation of S1 from S2, allowing S2 to transition from pre-fusion to post-fusion conformation. Together these results reveal a new role of receptor binding in MHV entry: in addition to its well-characterized role in viral attachment to host cells, receptor binding also induces the conformational change of the spike and hence the fusion of viral and host membranes. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into coronavirus entry and highlights the diverse entry mechanisms used by different viruses. Coronaviruses recognize many receptors using their envelope-anchored spike protein. The role of receptor binding in coronavirus entry into host cells is a fundamental question in virology. Mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) is unique among all coronaviruses in that it uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of its spike protein to bind a protein receptor CEACAM1a. While extensive research has been performed on the cell entry mechanisms of coronaviruses that use a different domain of their spike protein for receptor binding, the cell entry mechanism for MHV is still elusive. Here we determined the cryo-EM structure of MHV spike protein complexed with CEACAM1a. The structure reveals unique features of receptor binding by MHV spike that facilitate the structural changes of MHV spike and promote cell entry of MHV. We further confirmed the structural results with biochemical and negative-stain EM analyses. These results suggest that receptor binding plays dual roles in MHV entry: it promotes both viral attachment to host cells and the fusion of host and viral membranes. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of MHV entry, demonstrating how cell entry of MHV has been adapted to its unique way of receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yushun Wan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kendra Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ashley Auerbach
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Guiqing Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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18
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Mastrangeli R, Palinsky W, Bierau H. How unique is interferon-β within the type I interferon family? Cytokine 2018; 111:206-208. [PMID: 30176558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All type I interferons share structural homology and bind to a common heterodimeric receptor consisting of the IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits, which are expressed on most cell types. Although binding to the same receptor pair, they evoke a broad range of activities within the cell affecting the expression of numerous genes and resulting in profound cellular changes. Differential activation results from multiple levels of cellular and molecular events including binding affinity, receptor density, cell type-specific variations, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules downstream. Within the type I interferon family the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) sequence motif is unique to interferon-β and, together with its deamidated variants Asp-Gly-Arg (DGR) and iso-Asp-Gly-Arg (iso-DGR), imparts additional binding specificities that go beyond that of the canonical IFNAR1/IFNAR2. These warrant further investigations and functional studies and may eventually shed new light on differential effects observed for this molecule in oncology and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Rome), Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Programme, Merck Biopharma (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Zone Industrielle de l'Ouriettaz, Aubonne 1170, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Rome), Italy.
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19
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Kirikoshi R, Manabe N, Takahashi O. Phosphate-Catalyzed Succinimide Formation from an NGR-Containing Cyclic Peptide: A Novel Mechanism for Deammoniation of the Tetrahedral Intermediate. Molecules 2018; 23:E2217. [PMID: 30200364 PMCID: PMC6225186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous deamidation in the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif that yields an isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) sequence has recently attracted considerable attention because of the possibility of application to dual tumor targeting. It is well known that Asn deamidation reactions in peptide chains occur via the five-membered ring succinimide intermediate. Recently, we computationally showed by the B3LYP density functional theory method, that inorganic phosphate and the Arg side chain can catalyze the NGR deamidation using a cyclic peptide, c[CH₂CO⁻NGRC]⁻NH₂. In this previous study, the tetrahedral intermediate of the succinimide formation was assumed to be readily protonated at the nitrogen originating from the Asn side chain by the solvent water before the release of an NH₃ molecule. In the present study, we found a new mechanism for the decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate that does not require the protonation by an external proton source. The computational method is the same as in the previous study. In the new mechanism, the release of an NH₃ molecule occurs after a proton exchange between the peptide and the phosphate and conformational changes. The rate-determining step of the overall reaction course is the previously reported first step, i.e., the cyclization to form the tetrahedral intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kirikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Manabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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20
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Distinct Epitopes on CD13 Mediate Opposite Consequences for Cell Adhesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4093435. [PMID: 29789790 PMCID: PMC5896358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4093435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CD13 is a membrane glycoprotein with aminopeptidase activity, expressed on several cell types, including myeloid cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, etc.). CD13 participates in several functions such as proteolytic regulation of bioactive peptides, viral receptor, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. CD13 has also been proposed to participate in cell adhesion, as crosslinking of CD13 by certain CD13-specific antibodies induces homotypic aggregation of monocytes and heterotypic adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. We generated two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs C and E) that block homotypic aggregation of U-937 monocytic cells induced by CD13-specific mAb 452. Moreover, the mAbs cause detachment of cells whose aggregation was induced by CD13 crosslinking. Both mAbs also inhibit heterotypic adhesion of U-937 monocytes to endothelial cells. mAbs C and E recognize membrane CD13 but bind to epitopes different from that recognized by mAb 452. Crosslinking of CD13 by mAb C or E is required to inhibit adhesion, as monovalent Fab fragments are not sufficient. Thus, C and E antibodies recognize a distinct epitope on CD13, and binding to this epitope interferes with both CD13-mediated cell adhesion and enzymatic activity. These antibodies may represent important tools to study cell-cell interactions mediated by CD13 in physiological and pathological conditions.
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21
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Bouchet S, Tang R, Fava F, Legrand O, Bauvois B. The CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces a caspase-independent, Ca2+-dependent death in human leukemic myeloid cells by targeting surface aminopeptidase N/CD13. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19445-67. [PMID: 26655501 PMCID: PMC4991394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD13 antigen's binding site for the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif enables NGR-containing chemotherapeutic drugs to be delivered to CD13-positive tumours. Human CD13-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells proliferate abnormally and escape death. Here, we show that the CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide induces death in AML cell lines (U937, THP-1, NB4, HL-60) and primary blood cells from AML patients. Cell death was characterized as a caspase-independent mechanism, without DNA fragmentation, but phosphatidylserine externalization and membrane disruption. Our results demonstrate in U937 cells that (i) the NGR-peptide triggers the loss of mitochondrial potential(ΔΨm) and generates superoxide anion (O2-), (ii) N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and extra/intracellular Ca2+ chelators (BAPTA) prevent both O2- production and cell death, (iii) the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine prevents cell death (indicating that Ca2+ influx is the initial death trigger), and (iv) BAPTA, but not NAC, prevents ΔΨm loss (suggesting O2- is a mitochondrial downstream effector). AML cell lines and primary blasts responding to the lethal action of NGR-peptide express promatrix metalloproteinase-12 (proMMP-12) and its substrate progranulin (an 88 kDa cell survival factor). A cell-free assay highlighted proMMP-12 activation by O2-. Accordingly, NGR-peptide's downregulation of 88 kDa progranulin protein was prevented by BAPTA and NAC. Conversely, AML blast resistance to NGR-peptide is associated with the expression of a distinct, 105 kDa progranulin isoform. These results indicate that CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 induces death in AML cells through the Ca2+-mitochondria-O2.-pathway, and support the link between proMMP-12 activation and progranulin cleavage during cell death. Our findings may have implications for the understanding of tumour biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bouchet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ruoping Tang
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Fava
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ollivier Legrand
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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22
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Corti A, Gasparri AM, Ghitti M, Sacchi A, Sudati F, Fiocchi M, Buttiglione V, Perani L, Gori A, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Pastorino F, Ponzoni M, Musco G, Curnis F. Glycine N-methylation in NGR-Tagged Nanocarriers Prevents Isoaspartate formation and Integrin Binding without Impairing CD13 Recognition and Tumor Homing. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1701245. [PMID: 28979182 PMCID: PMC5624507 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NGR (asparagine-glycine-arginine) is a tumor vasculature-homing peptide motif widely used for the functionalization of drugs, nanomaterials and imaging compounds for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Unfortunately, this motif has a strong propensity to undergo rapid deamidation. This reaction, which converts NGR into isoDGR, is associated with receptor switching from CD13 to integrins, with potentially important manufacturing, pharmacological and toxicological implications. It is found that glycine N-methylation of NGR-tagged nanocarriers completely prevents asparagine deamidation without impairing CD13 recognition. Studies in animal models have shown that the methylated NGR motif can be exploited for delivering radiolabeled compounds and nanocarriers, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-bearing nanogold and liposomal doxorubicin, to tumors with improved selectivity. These findings suggest that this NGR derivative is a stable and efficient tumor-homing ligand that can be used for delivering functional nanomaterials to tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Sudati
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Fiocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Perani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
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23
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Joshi S, Chen L, Winter MB, Lin YL, Yang Y, Shapovalova M, Smith PM, Liu C, Li F, LeBeau AM. The Rational Design of Therapeutic Peptides for Aminopeptidase N using a Substrate-Based Approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1424. [PMID: 28465619 PMCID: PMC5431086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The M1 family of metalloproteases represents a large number of exopeptidases that cleave single amino acid residues from the N-terminus of peptide substrates. One member of this family that has been well studied is aminopeptidase N (APN), a multifunctional protease known to cleave biologically active peptides and aide in coronavirus entry. The proteolytic activity of APN promotes cancer angiogenesis and metastasis making it an important target for cancer therapy. To understand the substrate specificity of APN for the development of targeted inhibitors, we used a global substrate profiling method to determine the P1-P4' amino acid preferences. The key structural features of the APN pharmacophore required for substrate recognition were elucidated by x-ray crystallography. By combining these substrate profiling and structural data, we were able to design a selective peptide inhibitor of APN that was an effective therapeutic both in vitro and in vivo against APN-expressing prostate cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilvi Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael B Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
| | - Yi-Lun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mariya Shapovalova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paige M Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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24
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Succinimide Formation from an NGR-Containing Cyclic Peptide: Computational Evidence for Catalytic Roles of Phosphate Buffer and the Arginine Side Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020429. [PMID: 28212316 PMCID: PMC5343963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif and its deamidation product isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) have recently attracted considerable attention as tumor-targeting ligands. Because an NGR-containing peptide and the corresponding isoDGR-containing peptide target different receptors, the spontaneous NGR deamidation can be used in dual targeting strategies. It is well known that the Asn deamidation proceeds via a succinimide derivative. In the present study, we computationally investigated the mechanism of succinimide formation from a cyclic peptide, c[CH2CO-NGRC]-NH2, which has recently been shown to undergo rapid deamidation in a phosphate buffer. An H2PO4− ion was explicitly included in the calculations. We employed the density functional theory using the B3LYP functional. While geometry optimizations were performed in the gas phase, hydration Gibbs energies were calculated by the SM8 (solvation model 8) continuum model. We have found a pathway leading to the five-membered ring tetrahedral intermediate in which both the H2PO4− ion and the Arg side chain act as catalyst. This intermediate, once protonated at the NH2 group on the five-membered ring, was shown to easily undergo NH3 elimination leading to the succinimide formation. This study is the first to propose a possible catalytic role for the Arg side chain in the NGR deamidation.
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25
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Peng G, Yang Y, Pasquarella JR, Xu L, Qian Z, Holmes KV, Li F. Structural and Molecular Evidence Suggesting Coronavirus-driven Evolution of Mouse Receptor. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2174-2181. [PMID: 28035001 PMCID: PMC5313091 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosts and pathogens are locked in an evolutionary arms race. To infect mice, mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) has evolved to recognize mouse CEACAM1a (mCEACAM1a) as its receptor. To elude MHV infections, mice may have evolved a variant allele from the Ceacam1a gene, called Ceacam1b, producing mCEACAM1b, which is a much poorer MHV receptor than mCEACAM1a. Previous studies showed that sequence differences between mCEACAM1a and mCEACAM1b in a critical MHV-binding CC′ loop partially account for the low receptor activity of mCEACAM1b, but detailed structural and molecular mechanisms for the differential MHV receptor activities of mCEACAM1a and mCEACAM1b remained elusive. Here we have determined the crystal structure of mCEACAM1b and identified the structural differences and additional residue differences between mCEACAM1a and mCEACAM1b that affect MHV binding and entry. These differences include conformational alterations of the CC′ loop as well as residue variations in other MHV-binding regions, including β-strands C′ and C′′ and loop C′C′′. Using pseudovirus entry and protein-protein binding assays, we show that substituting the structural and residue features from mCEACAM1b into mCEACAM1a reduced the viral receptor activity of mCEACAM1a, whereas substituting the reverse changes from mCEACAM1a into mCEACAM1b increased the viral receptor activity of mCEACAM1b. These results elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism for how mice may have kept pace in the evolutionary arms race with MHV by undergoing structural and residue changes in the MHV receptor, providing insight into this possible example of pathogen-driven evolution of a host receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Peng
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.,the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Joseph R Pasquarella
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Liqing Xu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.,the Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaohui Qian
- the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, and.,the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kathryn V Holmes
- the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Fang Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
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26
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Abstract
The coronavirus spike protein is a multifunctional molecular machine that mediates coronavirus entry into host cells. It first binds to a receptor on the host cell surface through its S1 subunit and then fuses viral and host membranes through its S2 subunit. Two domains in S1 from different coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors, leading to viral attachment. The spike protein exists in two structurally distinct conformations, prefusion and postfusion. The transition from prefusion to postfusion conformation of the spike protein must be triggered, leading to membrane fusion. This article reviews current knowledge about the structures and functions of coronavirus spike proteins, illustrating how the two S1 domains recognize different receptors and how the spike proteins are regulated to undergo conformational transitions. I further discuss the evolution of these two critical functions of coronavirus spike proteins, receptor recognition and membrane fusion, in the context of the corresponding functions from other viruses and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;
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27
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Huang N, Cheng S, Zhang X, Tian Q, Pi J, Tang J, Huang Q, Wang F, Chen J, Xie Z, Xu Z, Chen W, Zheng H, Cheng Y. Efficacy of NGR peptide-modified PEGylated quantum dots for crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeted fluorescence imaging of glioma and tumor vasculature. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:83-93. [PMID: 27682740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of imaging agents to brain glioma is challenging because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions as a physiological checkpoint guarding the central nervous system from circulating large molecules. Moreover, the ability of existing probes to target glioma has been insufficient and needs to be improved. In present study, PEG-based long circulation, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)-based nanoscale and fluorescence, asparagines-glycine-arginine peptides (NGR)-based specific CD13 recognition were integrated to design and synthesize a novel nanoprobe by conjugating biotinylated NGR peptides to avidin-PEG-coated QDs. Our data showed that the NGR-PEG-QDs were nanoscale with less than 100 nm and were stable in various pH (4.0~8.0). These nanomaterials with non-toxic concentrations could cross the BBB and target CD13-overexpressing glioma and tumor vasculature in vitro and in vivo, contributing to fluorescence imaging of this brain malignancy. These achievements allowed groundbreaking technological advances in targeted fluorescence imaging for the diagnosis and surgical removal of glioma, facilitating potential transformation toward clinical nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangli Pi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huzhi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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28
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Graziadio A, Zanda M, Frau S, Fleming IN, Musolino M, Dall'Angelo S, Baldassarre M, Piras M. NGR Tumor-Homing Peptides: Structural Requirements for Effective APN (CD13) Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1332-40. [PMID: 27077642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic CNGRC (cCNGRC) peptides are very important targeting ligands for Aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13), which is overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells. In this work we have (1) developed an efficient solid-phase synthesis and (2) tested on purified porcine APN and APN-expressing human cells two different classes of cCNGRC peptides: the first carrying a biotin affinity tag or a fluorescent tag attached to the carboxyl Arg-Cys-COOH terminus and the second with the tags attached to the amino H2N-Cys-Asn terminus. Carboxyl-terminus functionalized cCNGRC peptides 3, 6, and 8 showed good affinity for porcine APN and very good capacity to target and be internalized into APN-expressing cells. In contrast, amino-terminus functionalized cCNGRC peptides 4, 5, and 7 displayed significantly decreased affinity and targeting capacity. These results, which are in agreement with the recently reported X-ray structure of a cCNGRC peptide bound to APN showing important stabilizing interactions between the unprotected cCNGRC amino terminus and the APN active site, indicate that the carboxyl and not the amino-terminus of cCNGRC peptides should be used as a "handle" for the attachment of toxic payloads for therapy or isotopically labeled functions for imaging and nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Graziadio
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom.,C.N.R. - I.C.R.M. , via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Frau
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Manuele Musolino
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Baldassarre
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Piras
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics and Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
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29
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Curnis F, Fiocchi M, Sacchi A, Gori A, Gasparri A, Corti A. NGR-tagged nano-gold: A new CD13-selective carrier for cytokine delivery to tumors. NANO RESEARCH 2016; 9:1393-1408. [PMID: 27226823 PMCID: PMC4876925 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gold (Au), a well-tolerated nanomaterial, is currently exploited for several applications in nanomedicine. We show that gold nanoparticles tagged with a novel tumor-homing peptide containing Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR), a ligand of CD13 expressed by the tumor neovasculature, can be exploited as carriers for cytokine delivery to tumors. Biochemical and functional studies showed that the NGR molecular scaffold/linker used for gold functionalization is critical for CD13 recognition. Using fibrosarcoma-bearing mice, NGR-tagged nanodrugs could deliver extremely low, yet pharmacologically active doses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an anticancer cytokine, to tumors with no evidence of toxicity. Mechanistic studies confirmed that CD13 targeting was a primary mechanism of drug delivery and excluded a major role of integrin targeting consequent to NGR deamidation, a degradation reaction that generates the isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) integrin ligand. NGR-tagged gold nanoparticles can be used, in principle, as a novel platform for single- or multi-cytokine delivery to tumor endothelial cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Address correspondence to Flavio Curnis, ; Angelo Corti,
| | - Martina Fiocchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Anna Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan
- Address correspondence to Flavio Curnis, ; Angelo Corti,
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30
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Li JJ, Chang SF, Liau II, Chan PC, Liu RS, Yen SH, Wang HE, Chang CA. Targeted antitumor prodrug therapy using CNGRC-yCD fusion protein in combination with 5-fluorocytosine. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:15. [PMID: 26801910 PMCID: PMC4724154 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enzyme-prodrug system is considered a promising tool for tumor treatment when conjugated with a targeting molecule. The asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif is a developing and interesting targeting peptide that could specifically bind to aminopeptidase N (APN), which is an NGR receptor expressed on the cell membrane of angiogenic endothelial cells and a number of tumor cells within the tumor tissues. The objective of this study was to develop a novel targeted enzyme-prodrug system using 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and an NGR-containing peptide fused with yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD), i.e. CNGRC-yCD fusion protein, to target APN-expressing cells within the tumor tissues and to convert 5-FC into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to kill tumors. Results Both yCD and CNGRC-yCD proteins were cloned into the pET28a vector and expressed by an Escherichia coli host. Both yCD and CNGRC-yCD proteins were purified and the yields were approximately 20 mg/L with over 95 % purity. The binding assay demonstrated that the CNGRC-yCD fusion protein had specific binding affinity toward purified APN recombinant protein and high-APN-expressing cells, including human endothelial cells (HUVECs) and various types of human tumor cell lines, but not low-APN-expressing tumor cell lines. Moreover, the enzyme activity and cell viability assay showed that the CNGRC-yCD fusion protein could effectively convert 5-FC into 5-FU and resulted in significant cell death in both high-APN-expressing tumor cells and HUVECs. Conclusions This study successfully constructs a new targeting enzyme-prodrug system, CNGRC-yCD fusion protein/5-FC. Systematic experiments demonstrated that the CNGRC-yCD protein retained both the APN-binding affinity of NGR and the enzyme activity of yCD to convert 5-FC into 5-FU. The combined treatment of the CNGRC-yCD protein with 5-FC resulted in the significantly increased cell death of high-APN-expressing cells as compared to that of low-APN-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Je Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, 613, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Iu Liau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pei-Chia Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Sang-Hue Yen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Oncology Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng Allen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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31
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Receptor usage and cell entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus. J Virol 2015; 89:6121-5. [PMID: 25787280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00430-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PEDV) has significantly damaged America's pork industry. Here we investigate the receptor usage and cell entry of PEDV. PEDV recognizes protein receptor aminopeptidase N from pig and human and sugar coreceptor N-acetylneuraminic acid. Moreover, PEDV infects cells from pig, human, monkey, and bat. These results support the idea of bats as an evolutionary origin for PEDV, implicate PEDV as a potential threat to other species, and suggest antiviral strategies to control its spread.
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