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Sasi Rekha V, Sankar K, Rajaram S, Karuppiah P, Dawoud TMS, Syed A, Elgorban AM. Unveiling the impact of additives on structural integrity, thermal and color stability of C-phycocyanin - Agar hydrocolloid. Food Chem 2024; 448:139000. [PMID: 38547706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
C-Phycocyanin and sugar (C-PC/S) blended agar hydrocolloid was prepared and its rheological, thermo-functional and morphological properties were examined based on the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix profile. Sucrose (40%, w/v) determined as a superior preservative, maintaining the native conformation of C-PC effectively. C-PC/S exhibited enhanced structural integrity with high storage modulus (G') and 86.4% swelling index. FT-IR demonstrated strong intramolecular bonding. TGA revealed that the presence of sucrose prolonged the devolatilization peak up to 325 °C, with a degradation rate of -2.273 mg/min, it the thermal stability. C-PC/S fortified hydrocolloid in ice cream (5.0% w/w), reduced melting rate up to five times. In conclusion, sucrose as a promising enhancer of color stability and structural integrity for C-PC, and this combination effectively improves the functional and rheological properties. Further, the findings exposed the agar hydrocolloid as a potential enhancer of color retention and improved performance for various food and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sasi Rekha
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K.Vellakulam, 625701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikumar Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K.Vellakulam, 625701, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shyamkumar Rajaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K.Vellakulam, 625701, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponmurugan Karuppiah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box - 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turkey M S Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box - 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box - 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Li X, Hou W, Lei J, Chen H, Wang Q. The Unique Light-Harvesting System of the Algal Phycobilisome: Structure, Assembly Components, and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119733. [PMID: 37298688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting apparatus in cyanobacteria and red algae. It is a large multi-subunit protein complex of several megadaltons that is found on the stromal side of thylakoid membranes in orderly arrays. Chromophore lyases catalyse the thioether bond between apoproteins and phycobilins of PBSs. Depending on the species, composition, spatial assembly, and, especially, the functional tuning of different phycobiliproteins mediated by linker proteins, PBSs can absorb light between 450 and 650 nm, making them efficient and versatile light-harvesting systems. However, basic research and technological innovations are needed, not only to understand their role in photosynthesis but also to realise the potential applications of PBSs. Crucial components including phycobiliproteins, phycobilins, and lyases together make the PBS an efficient light-harvesting system, and these provide a scheme to explore the heterologous synthesis of PBS. Focusing on these topics, this review describes the essential components needed for PBS assembly, the functional basis of PBS photosynthesis, and the applications of phycobiliproteins. Moreover, key technical challenges for heterologous biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins in chassis cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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3
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Carrigee LA, Frick JP, Liu X, Karty JA, Trinidad JC, Tom IP, Yang X, Dufour L, Partensky F, Schluchter WM. The phycoerythrobilin isomerization activity of MpeV in Synechococcus sp. WH8020 is prevented by the presence of a histidine at position 141 within its phycoerythrin-I β-subunit substrate. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1011189. [PMID: 36458192 PMCID: PMC9705338 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Synechococcus efficiently harvest available light for photosynthesis using complex antenna systems, called phycobilisomes, composed of an allophycocyanin core surrounded by rods, which in the open ocean are always constituted of phycocyanin and two phycoerythrin (PE) types: PEI and PEII. These cyanobacteria display a wide pigment diversity primarily resulting from differences in the ratio of the two chromophores bound to PEs, the green-light absorbing phycoerythrobilin and the blue-light absorbing phycourobilin. Prior to phycobiliprotein assembly, bilin lyases post-translationally catalyze the ligation of phycoerythrobilin to conserved cysteine residues on α- or β-subunits, whereas the closely related lyase-isomerases isomerize phycoerythrobilin to phycourobilin during the attachment reaction. MpeV was recently shown in Synechococcus sp. RS9916 to be a lyase-isomerase which doubly links phycourobilin to two cysteine residues (C50 and C61; hereafter C50, 61) on the β-subunit of both PEI and PEII. Here we show that Synechococcus sp. WH8020, which belongs to the same pigment type as RS9916, contains MpeV that demonstrates lyase-isomerase activity on the PEII β-subunit but only lyase activity on the PEI β-subunit. We also demonstrate that occurrence of a histidine at position 141 of the PEI β-subunit from WH8020, instead of a leucine in its counterpart from RS9916, prevents the isomerization activity by WH8020 MpeV, showing for the first time that both the substrate and the enzyme play a role in the isomerization reaction. We propose a structural-based mechanism for the role of H141 in blocking isomerization. More generally, the knowledge of the amino acid present at position 141 of the β-subunits may be used to predict which phycobilin is bound at C50, 61 of both PEI and PEII from marine Synechococcus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A. Carrigee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Environmental Laboratory, Engineering and Research Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, United States
| | - Jacob P. Frick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xindi Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Irin P. Tom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Louison Dufour
- Ecology of Marine Plankton Team, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Ecology of Marine Plankton Team, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy M. Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wendy M. Schluchter,
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4
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Hou Y, Höppner A, Rao AG, Lahav Y, Kumar Das P, Ding W, Jiang X, Hu J, Schapiro I, Noy D, Zhao K. Control of a far‐red/near‐infrared spectral switch in an artificial fluorescent biliprotein derived from allophycocyanin. Protein Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Astrid Höppner
- Center for Structural Studies Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Aditya G. Rao
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute for Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yigal Lahav
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute for Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
- MIGAL‐Galilee Research Institute S. Industrial Zone Kiryat Shmona Israel
| | - Prabir Kumar Das
- MIGAL‐Galilee Research Institute S. Industrial Zone Kiryat Shmona Israel
| | - Wen‐Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xiang‐Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Ji‐Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute for Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Dror Noy
- MIGAL‐Galilee Research Institute S. Industrial Zone Kiryat Shmona Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology Tel‐Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel
| | - Kai‐Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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5
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Kumarapperuma I, Joseph KL, Wang C, Biju LM, Tom IP, Weaver KD, Grébert T, Partensky F, Schluchter WM, Yang X. Crystal structure and molecular mechanism of an E/F type bilin lyase-isomerase. Structure 2022; 30:564-574.e3. [PMID: 35148828 PMCID: PMC8995348 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore attachment of the light-harvesting apparatus represents one of the most important post-translational modifications in photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Extensive pigment diversity of cyanobacteria critically depends on bilin lyases that covalently attach chemically distinct chromophores to phycobiliproteins. However, how bilin lyases catalyze bilin ligation reactions and how some lyases acquire additional isomerase abilities remain elusive at the molecular level. Here, we report the crystal structure of a representative bilin lyase-isomerase MpeQ. This structure has revealed a "question-mark" protein architecture that unambiguously establishes the active site conserved among the E/F-type bilin lyases. Based on structural, mutational, and modeling data, we demonstrate that stereoselectivity of the active site plays a critical role in conferring the isomerase activity of MpeQ. We further advance a tyrosine-mediated reaction scheme unifying different types of bilin lyases. These results suggest that lyases and isomerase actions of bilin lyases arise from two coupled molecular events of distinct origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kes Lynn Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Linta M Biju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Irin P Tom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kourtney D Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Théophile Grébert
- Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy M Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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6
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Keum H, Yoo D, Jon S. Photomedicine based on heme-derived compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114134. [PMID: 35122881 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoimaging and phototherapy have become major platforms for the diagnosis and treatment of various health complications. These applications require a photosensitizer (PS) that is capable of absorbing light from a source and converting it into other energy forms for detection and therapy. While synthetic inorganic materials such as quantum dots and gold nanorods have been widely explored for their medical diagnosis and photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapy capabilities, translation of these technologies has lagged, primarily owing to potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity issues. Of the various photoreactive molecules, the naturally occurring endogenous compound heme, a constituent of red blood cells, and its derivatives, porphyrin, biliverdin and bilirubin, have shown immense potential as noteworthy candidates for clinically translatable photoreactive agents, as evidenced by previous reports. While porphyrin-based photomedicines have attracted significant attention and are well documented, research on photomedicines based on two other heme-derived compounds, biliverdin and bilirubin, has been relatively lacking. In this review, we summarize the unique photoproperties of heme-derived compounds and outline recent efforts to use them in biomedical imaging and phototherapy applications.
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7
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Structural basis of the protochromic green/red photocycle of the chromatic acclimation sensor RcaE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024583118. [PMID: 33972439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024583118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are bilin-binding photosensors of the phytochrome superfamily that show remarkable spectral diversity. The green/red CBCR subfamily is important for regulating chromatic acclimation of photosynthetic antenna in cyanobacteria and is applied for optogenetic control of gene expression in synthetic biology. It is suggested that the absorption change of this subfamily is caused by the bilin C15-Z/C15-E photoisomerization and a subsequent change in the bilin protonation state. However, structural information and direct evidence of the bilin protonation state are lacking. Here, we report a high-resolution (1.63Å) crystal structure of the bilin-binding domain of the chromatic acclimation sensor RcaE in the red-absorbing photoproduct state. The bilin is buried within a "bucket" consisting of hydrophobic residues, in which the bilin configuration/conformation is C5-Z,syn/C10-Z,syn/C15-E,syn with the A- through C-rings coplanar and the D-ring tilted. Three pyrrole nitrogens of the A- through C-rings are covered in the α-face with a hydrophobic lid of Leu249 influencing the bilin pK a, whereas they are directly hydrogen bonded in the β-face with the carboxyl group of Glu217. Glu217 is further connected to a cluster of waters forming a hole in the bucket, which are in exchange with solvent waters in molecular dynamics simulation. We propose that the "leaky bucket" structure functions as a proton exit/influx pathway upon photoconversion. NMR analysis demonstrated that the four pyrrole nitrogen atoms are indeed fully protonated in the red-absorbing state, but one of them, most likely the B-ring nitrogen, is deprotonated in the green-absorbing state. These findings deepen our understanding of the diverse spectral tuning mechanisms present in CBCRs.
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8
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Bandara S, Rockwell NC, Zeng X, Ren Z, Wang C, Shin H, Martin SS, Moreno MV, Lagarias JC, Yang X. Crystal structure of a far-red-sensing cyanobacteriochrome reveals an atypical bilin conformation and spectral tuning mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025094118. [PMID: 33727422 PMCID: PMC8000052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025094118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are small, linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-binding photoreceptors in the phytochrome superfamily that regulate diverse light-mediated adaptive processes in cyanobacteria. More spectrally diverse than canonical red/far-red-sensing phytochromes, CBCRs were thought to be restricted to sensing visible and near UV light until recently when several subfamilies with far-red-sensing representatives (frCBCRs) were discovered. Two of these frCBCRs subfamilies have been shown to incorporate bilin precursors with larger pi-conjugated chromophores, while the third frCBCR subfamily uses the same phycocyanobilin precursor found in the bulk of the known CBCRs. To elucidate the molecular basis of far-red light perception by this third frCBCR subfamily, we determined the crystal structure of the far-red-absorbing dark state of one such frCBCR Anacy_2551g3 from Anabaena cylindrica PCC 7122 which exhibits a reversible far-red/orange photocycle. Determined by room temperature serial crystallography and cryocrystallography, the refined 2.7-Å structure reveals an unusual all-Z,syn configuration of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore that is considerably less extended than those of previously characterized red-light sensors in the phytochrome superfamily. Based on structural and spectroscopic comparisons with other bilin-binding proteins together with site-directed mutagenesis data, our studies reveal protein-chromophore interactions that are critical for the atypical bathochromic shift. Based on these analyses, we propose that far-red absorption in Anacy_2551g3 is the result of the additive effect of two distinct red-shift mechanisms involving cationic bilin lactim tautomers stabilized by a constrained all-Z,syn conformation and specific interactions with a highly conserved anionic residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepalika Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Nathan C Rockwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Zhong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Heewhan Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Shelley S Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marcus V Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607
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9
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Carrigee LA, Frick JP, Karty JA, Garczarek L, Partensky F, Schluchter WM. MpeV is a lyase isomerase that ligates a doubly linked phycourobilin on the β-subunit of phycoerythrin I and II in marine Synechococcus. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100031. [PMID: 33154169 PMCID: PMC7948978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechococcus cyanobacteria are widespread in the marine environment, as the extensive pigment diversity within their light-harvesting phycobilisomes enables them to utilize various wavelengths of light for photosynthesis. The phycobilisomes of Synechococcus sp. RS9916 contain two forms of the protein phycoerythrin (PEI and PEII), each binding two chromophores, green-light absorbing phycoerythrobilin and blue-light absorbing phycourobilin. These chromophores are ligated to specific cysteines via bilin lyases, and some of these enzymes, called lyase isomerases, attach phycoerythrobilin and simultaneously isomerize it to phycourobilin. MpeV is a putative lyase isomerase whose role in PEI and PEII biosynthesis is not clear. We examined MpeV in RS9916 using recombinant protein expression, absorbance spectroscopy, and tandem mass spectrometry. Our results show that MpeV is the lyase isomerase that covalently attaches a doubly linked phycourobilin to two cysteine residues (C50, C61) on the β-subunit of both PEI (CpeB) and PEII (MpeB). MpeV activity requires that CpeB or MpeB is first chromophorylated by the lyase CpeS (which adds phycoerythrobilin to C82). Its activity is further enhanced by CpeZ (a homolog of a chaperone-like protein first characterized in Fremyella diplosiphon). MpeV showed no detectable activity on the α-subunits of PEI or PEII. The mechanism by which MpeV links the A and D rings of phycourobilin to C50 and C61 of CpeB was also explored using site-directed mutants, revealing that linkage at the A ring to C50 is a critical step in chromophore attachment, isomerization, and stability. These data provide novel insights into β-PE biosynthesis and advance our understanding of the mechanisms guiding lyase isomerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A Carrigee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jacob P Frick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 7144, Roscoff, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 7144, Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy M Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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10
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Nguyen AA, Joseph KL, Bussell AN, Pokhrel S, Karty JA, Kronfel CM, Kehoe DM, Schluchter WM. CpeT is the phycoerythrobilin lyase for Cys-165 on β-phycoerythrin from Fremyella diplosiphon and the chaperone-like protein CpeZ greatly improves its activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148284. [PMID: 32777305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bilin lyases are enzymes which ligate linear tetrapyrrole chromophores to specific cysteine residues on light harvesting proteins present in cyanobacteria and red algae. The lyases responsible for chromophorylating the light harvesting protein phycoerythrin (PE) have not been fully characterized. In this study, we explore the role of CpeT, a putative bilin lyase, in the biosynthesis of PE in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Recombinant protein studies show that CpeT alone can bind phycoerythrobilin (PEB), but CpeZ, a chaperone-like protein, is needed in order to correctly and efficiently attach PEB to the β-subunit of PE. MS analyses of the recombinant β-subunit of PE coexpressed with CpeT and CpeZ show that PEB is attached at Cys-165. Purified phycobilisomes from a cpeT knockout mutant and wild type (WT) samples from F. diplosiphon were analyzed and compared. The cpeT mutant contained much less PE and more phycocyanin than WT cells grown under green light, conditions which should maximize the production of PE. In addition, Northern blot analyses showed that the cpeCDESTR operon mRNAs were upregulated while the cpeBcpeA mRNAs were downregulated in the cpeT mutant strain when compared with WT, suggesting that CpeT may also play a direct or indirect regulatory role in transcription of these operons or their mRNA stability, in addition to its role as a PEB lyase for Cys-165 on β-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Kes Lynn Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Adam N Bussell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Christina M Kronfel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - David M Kehoe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Wendy M Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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11
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Wang F, Fang J, Guan K, Luo S, Dogra V, Li B, Ma D, Zhao X, Lee KP, Sun P, Xin J, Liu T, Xing W, Kim C. The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF protein, a homolog of the cyanobacterial bilin lyase, retains the bilin-binding pocket for a yet unknown function. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:964-978. [PMID: 32860438 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic bacterial phycobiliprotein lyases, also called CpcT lyases, catalyze the biogenesis of phycobilisome, a light-harvesting antenna complex, through the covalent attachment of chromophores to the antenna proteins. The Arabidopsis CRUMPLED LEAF (CRL) protein is a homolog of the cyanobacterial CpcT lyase. Loss of CRL leads to multiple lesions, including localized foliar cell death, constitutive expression of stress-related nuclear genes, abnormal cell cycle, and impaired plastid division. Notwithstanding the apparent phenotypes, the function of CRL still remains elusive. To gain insight into the function of CRL, we examined whether CRL still retains the capacity to bind with the bacterial chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and its plant analog phytochromobilin (PΦB). The revealed structure of the CpcT domain of CRL is comparable to that of the CpcT lyase, despite the low sequence identity. The subsequent in vitro biochemical assays found, as shown for the CpcT lyase, that PCB/PΦB binds to the CRL dimer. However, some mutant forms of CRL, substantially compromised in their bilin-binding ability, still restore the crl-induced multiple lesions. These results suggest that although CRL retains the bilin-binding pocket, it seems not functionally associated with the crl-induced multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoling Guan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengji Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingqi Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Demin Ma
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengkai Sun
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jian Xin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiman Xing
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Hu PP, Hou JY, Xu YL, Niu NN, Zhao C, Lu L, Zhou M, Scheer H, Zhao KH. The role of lyases, NblA and NblB proteins and bilin chromophore transfer in restructuring the cyanobacterial light-harvesting complex ‡. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:529-540. [PMID: 31820831 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes are large light-harvesting complexes attached to the stromal side of thylakoids in cyanobacteria and red algae. They can be remodeled or degraded in response to changing light and nutritional status. Both the core and the peripheral rods of phycobilisomes contain biliproteins. During biliprotein biosynthesis, open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophores are attached covalently to the apoproteins by dedicated lyases. Another set of non-bleaching (Nb) proteins has been implicated in phycobilisome degradation, among them NblA and NblB. We report in vitro experiments with lyases, biliproteins and NblA/B which imply that the situation is more complex than currently discussed: lyases can also detach the chromophores and NblA and NblB can modulate lyase-catalyzed binding and detachment of chromophores in a complex fashion. We show: (i) NblA and NblB can interfere with chromophorylation as well as chromophore detachment of phycobiliprotein, they are generally inhibitors but in some cases enhance the reaction; (ii) NblA and NblB promote dissociation of whole phycobilisomes, cores and, in particular, allophycocyanin trimers; (iii) while NblA and NblB do not interact with each other, both interact with lyases, apo- and holo-biliproteins; (iv) they promote synergistically the lyase-catalyzed chromophorylation of the β-subunit of the major rod component, CPC; and (v) they modulate lyase-catalyzed and lyase-independent chromophore transfers among biliproteins, with the core protein, ApcF, the rod protein, CpcA, and sensory biliproteins (phytochromes, cyanobacteriochromes) acting as potential traps. The results indicate that NblA/B can cooperate with lyases in remodeling the phycobilisomes to balance the metabolic requirements of acclimating their light-harvesting capacity without straining the overall metabolic economy of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Yun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan-Nan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Hugo Scheer
- Department Biologie I, Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638, München, Germany
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
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Carrigee LA, Mahmoud RM, Sanfilippo JE, Frick JP, Strnat JA, Karty JA, Chen B, Kehoe DM, Schluchter WM. CpeY is a phycoerythrobilin lyase for cysteine 82 of the phycoerythrin I α-subunit in marine Synechococcus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148215. [PMID: 32360311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine Synechococcus are widespread in part because they are efficient at harvesting available light using their complex antenna, or phycobilisome, composed of multiple phycobiliproteins and bilin chromophores. Over 40% of Synechococcus strains are predicted to perform a type of chromatic acclimation that alters the ratio of two chromophores, green-light-absorbing phycoerythrobilin and blue-light-absorbing phycourobilin, to optimize light capture by phycoerythrin in the phycobilisome. Lyases are enzymes which catalyze the addition of bilin chromophores to specific cysteine residues on phycobiliproteins and are involved in chromatic acclimation. CpeY, a candidate lyase in the model strain Synechococcus sp. RS9916, added phycoerythrobilin to cysteine 82 of only the α subunit of phycoerythrin I (CpeA) in the presence or absence of the chaperone-like protein CpeZ in a recombinant protein expression system. These studies demonstrated that recombinant CpeY attaches phycoerythrobilin to as much as 72% of CpeA, making it one of the most efficient phycoerythrin lyases characterized to date. Phycobilisomes from a cpeY- mutant showed a near native bilin composition in all light conditions except for a slight replacement of phycoerythrobilin by phycourobilin at CpeA cysteine 82. This demonstrates that CpeY is not involved in any chromatic acclimation-driven chromophore changes and suggests that the chromophore attached at cysteine 82 of CpeA in the cpeY- mutant is ligated by an alternative phycoerythrobilin lyase. Although loss of CpeY does not greatly inhibit native phycobilisome assembly in vivo, the highly active recombinant CpeY can be used to generate large amounts of fluorescent CpeA for biotechnological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A Carrigee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Rania M Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Jacob P Frick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Johann A Strnat
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - David M Kehoe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Wendy M Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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14
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Li XD, Tan ZZ, Ding WL, Hou YN, Kong CD, Zhao BQ, Zhao KH. Design of small monomeric and highly bright near-infrared fluorescent proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1608-1617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Mancini JA, Sheehan M, Kodali G, Chow BY, Bryant DA, Dutton PL, Moser CC. De novo synthetic biliprotein design, assembly and excitation energy transfer. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0021. [PMID: 29618529 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilins are linear tetrapyrrole chromophores with a wide range of visible and near-visible light absorption and emission properties. These properties are tuned upon binding to natural proteins and exploited in photosynthetic light-harvesting and non-photosynthetic light-sensitive signalling. These pigmented proteins are now being manipulated to develop fluorescent experimental tools. To engineer the optical properties of bound bilins for specific applications more flexibly, we have used first principles of protein folding to design novel, stable and highly adaptable bilin-binding four-α-helix bundle protein frames, called maquettes, and explored the minimal requirements underlying covalent bilin ligation and conformational restriction responsible for the strong and variable absorption, fluorescence and excitation energy transfer of these proteins. Biliverdin, phycocyanobilin and phycoerythrobilin bind covalently to maquette Cys in vitro A blue-shifted tripyrrole formed from maquette-bound phycocyanobilin displays a quantum yield of 26%. Although unrelated in fold and sequence to natural phycobiliproteins, bilin lyases nevertheless interact with maquettes during co-expression in Escherichia coli to improve the efficiency of bilin binding and influence bilin structure. Bilins bind in vitro and in vivo to Cys residues placed in loops, towards the amino end or in the middle of helices but bind poorly at the carboxyl end of helices. Bilin-binding efficiency and fluorescence yield are improved by Arg and Asp residues adjacent to the ligating Cys on the same helix and by His residues on adjacent helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly Sheehan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Goutham Kodali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Y Chow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - P Leslie Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher C Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Phycobiliproteins: Molecular structure, production, applications, and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:340-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Kronfel CM, Hernandez CV, Frick JP, Hernandez LS, Gutu A, Karty JA, Boutaghou MN, Kehoe DM, Cole RB, Schluchter WM. CpeF is the bilin lyase that ligates the doubly linked phycoerythrobilin on β-phycoerythrin in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3987-3999. [PMID: 30670589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a green light-absorbing protein present in the light-harvesting complex of cyanobacteria and red algae. The spectral characteristics of PE are due to its prosthetic groups, or phycoerythrobilins (PEBs), that are covalently attached to the protein chain by specific bilin lyases. Only two PE lyases have been identified and characterized so far, and the other bilin lyases are unknown. Here, using in silico analyses, markerless deletion, biochemical assays with purified and recombinant proteins, and site-directed mutagenesis, we examined the role of a putative lyase-encoding gene, cpeF, in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. Analyzing the phenotype of the cpeF deletion, we found that cpeF is required for proper PE biogenesis, specifically for ligation of the doubly linked PEB to Cys-48/Cys-59 residues of the CpeB subunit of PE. We also show that in a heterologous host, CpeF can attach PEB to Cys-48/Cys-59 of CpeB, but only in the presence of the chaperone-like protein CpeZ. Additionally, we report that CpeF likely ligates the A ring of PEB to Cys-48 prior to the attachment of the D ring to Cys-59. We conclude that CpeF is the bilin lyase responsible for attachment of the doubly ligated PEB to Cys-48/Cys-59 of CpeB and together with other specific bilin lyases contributes to the post-translational modification and assembly of PE into mature light-harvesting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard B Cole
- Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148.,Sorbonne Universités-Paris 06, 75252 Paris, France
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18
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Levi M, Sendersky E, Schwarz R. Decomposition of cyanobacterial light harvesting complexes: NblA-dependent role of the bilin lyase homolog NblB. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:813-821. [PMID: 29575252 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes, the macromolecular light harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria are degraded under nutrient-limiting conditions. This crucial response is required to adjust light excitation to the metabolic status and avoid damage by excess excitation. Phycobilisomes are comprised of phycobiliproteins, apo-proteins that covalently bind bilin chromophores. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the phycobiliproteins allophycocyanin and phycocyanin comprise the core and the rods of the phycobilisome, respectively. Previously, NblB was identified as an essential component required for phycocyanin degradation under nutrient starvation. This protein is homologous to bilin-lyases, enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of bilins to apo-proteins. However, the nblB-inactivated strain is not impaired in phycobiliprotein synthesis, but rather is characterized by aberrant phycocyanin degradation. Here, using a phycocyanin-deficient strain, we demonstrate that NblB is required for degradation of the core pigment, allophycocyanin. Furthermore, we show that the protein NblB is expressed under nutrient sufficient conditions, but during nitrogen starvation its level decreases about two-fold. This finding is in contrast to an additional component essential for degradation, NblA, the expression of which is highly induced under starvation. We further identified NblB residues required for phycocyanin degradation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate phycocyanin degradation in a cell-free system, thereby providing support for the suggestion that NblB directly mediates pigment degradation by chromophore detachment. The dependence of NblB function on NblA revealed using this system, together with the results indicating presence of NblB under nutrient sufficient conditions, suggests a rapid mechanism for induction of pigment degradation, which requires only the expression of NblA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mali Levi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eleonora Sendersky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rakefet Schwarz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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19
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Structures and enzymatic mechanisms of phycobiliprotein lyases CpcE/F and PecE/F. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13170-13175. [PMID: 29180420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715495114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting phycobilisome in cyanobacteria and red algae requires the lyase-catalyzed chromophorylation of phycobiliproteins. There are three functionally distinct lyase families known. The heterodimeric E/F type is specific for attaching bilins covalently to α-subunits of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Unlike other lyases, the lyase also has chromophore-detaching activity. A subclass of the E/F-type lyases is, furthermore, capable of chemically modifying the chromophore. Although these enzymes were characterized >25 y ago, their structures remained unknown. We determined the crystal structure of the heterodimer of CpcE/F from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 at 1.89-Å resolution. Both subunits are twisted, crescent-shaped α-solenoid structures. CpcE has 15 and CpcF 10 helices. The inner (concave) layer of CpcE (helices h2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) and the outer (convex) layer of CpcF (h16, 18, 20, 22, and 24) form a cavity into which the phycocyanobilin chromophore can be modeled. This location of the chromophore is supported by mutations at the interface between the subunits and within the cavity. The structure of a structurally related, isomerizing lyase, PecE/F, that converts phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin, was modeled using the CpcE/F structure as template. A H87C88 motif critical for the isomerase activity of PecE/F is located at the loop between h20 and h21, supporting the proposal that the nucleophilic addition of Cys-88 to C10 of phycocyanobilin induces the isomerization of phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin. Also, the structure of NblB, involved in phycobilisome degradation could be modeled using CpcE as template. Combined with CpcF, NblB shows a low chromophore-detaching activity.
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20
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Lu L, Zhao BQ, Miao D, Ding WL, Zhou M, Scheer H, Zhao KH. A Simple Preparation Method for Phytochromobilin. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:675-680. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Dan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Wen-Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Hugo Scheer
- Department Biologie I; Universität München; München Germany
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
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21
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Mahmoud RM, Sanfilippo JE, Nguyen AA, Strnat JA, Partensky F, Garczarek L, Abo El Kassem N, Kehoe DM, Schluchter WM. Adaptation to Blue Light in Marine Synechococcus Requires MpeU, an Enzyme with Similarity to Phycoerythrobilin Lyase Isomerases. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 28270800 PMCID: PMC5318389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Synechococcus has successfully adapted to environments with different light colors, which likely contributes to this genus being the second most abundant group of microorganisms worldwide. Populations of Synechococcus that grow in deep, blue ocean waters contain large amounts of the blue-light absorbing chromophore phycourobilin (PUB) in their light harvesting complexes (phycobilisomes). Here, we show that all Synechococcus strains adapted to blue light possess a gene called mpeU. MpeU is structurally similar to phycobilin lyases, enzymes that ligate chromophores to phycobiliproteins. Interruption of mpeU caused a reduction in PUB content, impaired phycobilisome assembly and reduced growth rate more strongly in blue than green light. When mpeU was reintroduced in the mpeU mutant background, the mpeU-less phenotype was complemented in terms of PUB content and phycobilisome content. Fluorescence spectra of mpeU mutant cells and purified phycobilisomes revealed red-shifted phycoerythrin emission peaks, likely indicating a defect in chromophore ligation to phycoerythrin-I (PE-I) or phycoerythrin-II (PE-II). Our results suggest that MpeU is a lyase-isomerase that attaches a phycoerythrobilin to a PEI or PEII subunit and isomerizes it to PUB. MpeU is therefore an important determinant in adaptation of Synechococcus spp. to capture photons in blue light environments throughout the world’s oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, BloomingtonIN, USA; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of FayoumFayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Adam A Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New OrleansLA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New OrleansLA, USA
| | - Johann A Strnat
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06, UMR 7144 Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 06, UMR 7144 Roscoff, France
| | - Nabil Abo El Kassem
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum Fayoum, Egypt
| | - David M Kehoe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, BloomingtonIN, USA; Indiana Molecular Biology Institute, Indiana University, BloomingtonIN, USA
| | - Wendy M Schluchter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New OrleansLA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New OrleansLA, USA
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22
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Gasper R, Schwach J, Hartmann J, Holtkamp A, Wiethaus J, Riedel N, Hofmann E, Frankenberg-Dinkel N. Distinct Features of Cyanophage-encoded T-type Phycobiliprotein Lyase ΦCpeT: THE ROLE OF AUXILIARY METABOLIC GENES. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3089-3098. [PMID: 28073912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxiliary metabolic genes (AMG) are commonly found in the genomes of phages that infect cyanobacteria and increase the fitness of the cyanophage. AMGs are often homologs of host genes, and also typically related to photosynthesis. For example, the ΦcpeT gene in the cyanophage P-HM1 encodes a putative phycobiliprotein lyase related to cyanobacterial T-type lyases, which facilitate attachment of linear tetrapyrrole chromophores to Cys-155 of phycobiliprotein β-subunits, suggesting that ΦCpeT may also help assemble light-harvesting phycobiliproteins during infection. To investigate this possibility, we structurally and biochemically characterized recombinant ΦCpeT. The solved crystal structure of ΦCpeT at 1.8-Å resolution revealed that the protein adopts a similar fold as the cyanobacterial T-type lyase CpcT from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 but overall is more compact and smaller. ΦCpeT specifically binds phycoerythrobilin (PEB) in vitro leading to a tight complex that can also be formed in Escherichia coli when it is co-expressed with genes encoding PEB biosynthesis (i.e. ho1 and pebS). The formed ΦCpeT·PEB complex was very stable as the chromophore was not lost during chromatography and displayed a strong red fluorescence with a fluorescence quantum yield of ΦF = 0.3. This complex was not directly able to transfer PEB to the host phycobiliprotein β-subunit. However, it could assist the host lyase CpeS in its function by providing a pool of readily available PEB, a feature that might be important for fast phycobiliprotein assembly during phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Schwach
- Physiology of Microorganisms Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum
| | - Jana Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Division for Microbiology, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrea Holtkamp
- Physiology of Microorganisms Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum
| | - Jessica Wiethaus
- Physiology of Microorganisms Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum
| | - Natascha Riedel
- Department of Biology, Division for Microbiology, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel
- Physiology of Microorganisms Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum; Department of Biology, Division for Microbiology, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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The terminal phycobilisome emitter, LCM: A light-harvesting pigment with a phytochrome chromophore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15880-5. [PMID: 26669441 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519177113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis relies on energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to reaction centers. Phycobilisomes, the light-harvesting antennas in cyanobacteria and red algae, attach to the membrane via the multidomain core-membrane linker, L(CM). The chromophore domain of L(CM) forms a bottleneck for funneling the harvested energy either productively to reaction centers or, in case of light overload, to quenchers like orange carotenoid protein (OCP) that prevent photodamage. The crystal structure of the solubly modified chromophore domain from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 was resolved at 2.2 Å. Although its protein fold is similar to the protein folds of phycobiliproteins, the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore adopts ZZZssa geometry, which is unknown among phycobiliproteins but characteristic for sensory photoreceptors (phytochromes and cyanobacteriochromes). However, chromophore photoisomerization is inhibited in L(CM) by tight packing. The ZZZssa geometry of the chromophore and π-π stacking with a neighboring Trp account for the functionally relevant extreme spectral red shift of L(CM). Exciton coupling is excluded by the large distance between two PCBs in a homodimer and by preservation of the spectral features in monomers. The structure also indicates a distinct flexibility that could be involved in quenching. The conclusions from the crystal structure are supported by femtosecond transient absorption spectra in solution.
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Overkamp KE, Gasper R, Kock K, Herrmann C, Hofmann E, Frankenberg-Dinkel N. Insights into the biosynthesis and assembly of cryptophycean phycobiliproteins. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26691-26707. [PMID: 25096577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are employed by cyanobacteria, red algae, glaucophytes, and cryptophytes for light-harvesting and consist of apoproteins covalently associated with open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophores. Although the majority of organisms assemble the individual phycobiliproteins into larger aggregates called phycobilisomes, members of the cryptophytes use a single type of phycobiliprotein that is localized in the thylakoid lumen. The cryptophyte Guillardia theta (Gt) uses phycoerythrin PE545 utilizing the uncommon chromophore 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin (DHBV) in addition to phycoerythrobilin (PEB). Both the biosynthesis and the attachment of chromophores to the apophycobiliprotein have not yet been investigated for cryptophytes. In this study, we identified and characterized enzymes involved in PEB biosynthesis. In addition, we present the first in-depth biochemical characterization of a eukaryotic phycobiliprotein lyase (GtCPES). Plastid-encoded HO (GtHo) was shown to convert heme into biliverdin IXα providing the substrate with a putative nucleus-encoded DHBV:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GtPEBA). A PEB:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GtPEBB) was found to convert DHBV to PEB, which is the substrate for the phycobiliprotein lyase GtCPES. The x-ray structure of GtCPES was solved at 2.0 Å revealing a 10-stranded β-barrel with a modified lipocalin fold. GtCPES is an S-type lyase specific for binding of phycobilins with reduced C15=C16 double bonds (DHBV and PEB). Site-directed mutagenesis identified residues Glu-136 and Arg-146 involved in phycobilin binding. Based on the crystal structure, a model for the interaction of GtCPES with the apophycobiliprotein CpeB is proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Overkamp
- Physiology of Microorganisms, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, and Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Kock
- Physical Chemistry I, Protein Interactions, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Chemistry I, Protein Interactions, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, and Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel
- Physiology of Microorganisms, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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