1
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Zhou B, Jiang ZH, Dai MR, Ai YL, Xiao L, Zhong CQ, Wu LZ, Chen QT, Chen HZ, Wu Q. Full-length GSDME mediates pyroptosis independent from cleavage. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1545-1557. [PMID: 38997456 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, known as the executors of pyroptosis, undergo protease-mediated cleavage before inducing pyroptosis. We here discovered a form of pyroptosis mediated by full-length (FL) GSDME without proteolytic cleavage. Intense ultraviolet-C irradiation-triggered DNA damage activates nuclear PARP1, leading to extensive formation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers. These PAR polymers are released to the cytoplasm, where they activate PARP5 to facilitate GSDME PARylation, resulting in a conformational change in GSDME that relieves autoinhibition. Moreover, ultraviolet-C irradiation promotes cytochrome c-catalysed cardiolipin peroxidation to elevate lipid reactive oxygen species, which is then sensed by PARylated GSDME, leading to oxidative oligomerization and plasma membrane targeting of FL-GSDME for perforation, eventually inducing pyroptosis. Reagents that concurrently stimulate PARylation and oxidation of FL-GSDME, synergistically promoting pyroptotic cell death. Overall, the present findings elucidate an unreported mechanism underlying the cleavage-independent function of GSDME in executing cell death, further enriching the paradigms and understanding of FL-GSDME-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng-Ran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Li Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liu-Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hang-Zi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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2
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Sun WY, Vlasova II, Dar H, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Mallampalli R, van der Wel PCA, He RR, Shvedova AA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayir H. Redox phospholipidomics of enzymatically generated oxygenated phospholipids as specific signals of programmed cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:231-241. [PMID: 31883467 PMCID: PMC7037592 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High fidelity and effective adaptive changes of the cell and tissue metabolism to changing environments require strict coordination of numerous biological processes. Multicellular organisms developed sophisticated signaling systems of monitoring and responding to these different contexts. Among these systems, oxygenated lipids play a significant role realized via a variety of re-programming mechanisms. Some of them are enacted as a part of pro-survival pathways that eliminate harmful or unnecessary molecules or organelles by a variety of degradation/hydrolytic reactions or specialized autophageal processes. When these "partial" intracellular measures are insufficient, the programs of cells death are triggered with the aim to remove irreparably damaged members of the multicellular community. These regulated cell death mechanisms are believed to heavily rely on signaling by a highly diversified group of molecules, oxygenated phospholipids (PLox). Out of thousands of detectable individual PLox species, redox phospholipidomics deciphered several specific molecules that seem to be diagnostic of specialized death programs. Oxygenated cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) have been identified as predictive biomarkers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. This has led to decoding of the enzymatic mechanisms of their formation involving mitochondrial oxidation of CLs by cytochrome c and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidation of PE by lipoxygenases. Understanding of the specific biochemical radical-mediated mechanisms of these oxidative reactions opens new avenues for the design and search of highly specific regulators of cell death programs. This review emphasizes the usefulness of such selective lipid peroxidation mechanisms in contrast to the concept of random poorly controlled free radical reactions as instruments of non-specific damage of cells and their membranes. Detailed analysis of two specific examples of phospholipid oxidative signaling in apoptosis and ferroptosis along with their molecular mechanisms and roles in reprogramming has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - W Y Sun
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - I I Vlasova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - H Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - V A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - P C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R R He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - A A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - H Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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3
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Zingg JM. Vitamin E: Regulatory Role on Signal Transduction. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:456-478. [PMID: 30556637 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E modulates signal transduction pathways by several molecular mechanisms. As a hydrophobic molecule located mainly in membranes it contributes together with other lipids to the physical and structural characteristics such as membrane stability, curvature, fluidity, and the organization into microdomains (lipid rafts). By acting as the main lipid-soluble antioxidant, it protects other lipids such as mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) against chemical reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) and prevents membrane destabilization and cellular dysfunction. In cells, vitamin E affects signaling in redox-dependent and redox-independent molecular mechanisms by influencing the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in modulating specific signal transduction and gene expression pathways. By protecting and preventing depletion of MUFA and PUFA it indirectly enables regulatory effects that are mediated by the numerous lipid mediators derived from these lipids. In recent years, some vitamin E metabolites have been observed to affect signal transduction and gene expression and their relevance for the regulatory function of vitamin E is beginning to be elucidated. In particular, the modulation of the CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter by vitamin E may influence many cellular signaling pathways relevant for lipid homeostasis, inflammation, survival/apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and senescence. Thus, vitamin E has an important role in modulating signal transduction and gene expression pathways relevant for its uptake, distribution, metabolism, and molecular action that when impaired affect physiological and patho-physiological cellular functions relevant for the prevention of a number of diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):456-478, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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4
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Wu Z, Zheng X, Meng L, Fang X, He Y, Li D, Zheng C, Zhang H. α-Tocopherol, especially α-tocopherol phosphate, exerts antiapoptotic and angiogenic effects on rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells under high-glucose and hypoxia conditions. J Vasc Surg 2018; 67:1263-1273.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Djukic M, Fesatidou M, Xenikakis I, Geronikaki A, Angelova VT, Savic V, Pasic M, Krilovic B, Djukic D, Gobeljic B, Pavlica M, Djuric A, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Saso L. In vitro antioxidant activity of thiazolidinone derivatives of 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 286:119-131. [PMID: 29574026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The initial steps in preclinical drug developing research concern the synthesis of new compounds for specific therapeutic use which needs to be confirmed by in vitro and then in vivo testing. Nine thiazolidinone derivatives (numerically labeled 1-9) classified as follows: 1,3-thiazole-based compounds (1 and 2); 1,3,4-thiadiazole based compounds (3 and 4); substituted 5-benzylideno-2-adamantylthiazol[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-6(5H)ones (5-8); and an ethylaminothiazole-based chalcone (9), were tested for antioxidant activity (AOA) by using three in vitro assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity test); FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power test); and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test). Compounds 1-4 and 9 in particular are newly synthesized compounds. Also, traditional antioxidants Vitamins E and C and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) were tested. The results of DPPH testing: Vitamin C 94.35%, Vitamin E 2.99% and α-LA 1.57%; compounds: 4 33.98%; 2 18.73%; 1 15.62%; 5 6.59%; 3 4.99%; 6-9 demonstrated almost no AOA. The results of TBARS testing (% of LPO inhibition): Vitamin C 62.32%; Vitamin E 36.29%; α-LA 51.36%; compounds: 1 62.11%; 5 66.71%; 9 60.93%; 4, 6 and 7 demonstrated ∼50%; 3 and 8 displayed ∼38%; 2 23.51%. By FRAP method, Vitamins E and C showed equal AOA, ∼100%, unlike α-LA (no AOA), and AOA of the tested compounds (expressed as a fraction of the AOA of Vitamin C) were: 2 and 4-75%; 8, 3 and 1-45%; 5-7 and 9-27%. Different red-ox reaction principles between these assays dictate different AOA outcomes for a single compound. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Phenyl-functionalized benzylidene, amino-carbonyl functional domains and chelating ligand properties of the thiazolidinone derivatives correlated with AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mara Fesatidou
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iakovos Xenikakis
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marta Pasic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Krilovic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Djukic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Pavlica
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djuric
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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6
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Abstract
The hydrophobicity of vitamin E poses transport and metabolic challenges to regulate its bioavailability and to prevent its accumulation in lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, brain, and liver. Water-soluble precursors of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), such as its esters with acetate (αTA), succinate (αTS), or phosphate (αTP), have increased solubility in water and stability against reaction with free radicals, but they are rapidly converted during their uptake into the lipid-soluble vitamin E. Therefore, the bioavailability of these precursors as intact molecules is low; nevertheless, at least for αTS and αTP, the recent research has revealed unique regulatory effects on signal transduction and gene expression and the modulation of cellular events ranging from proliferation, survival/apoptosis, lipid uptake and metabolism, phagocytosis, long term potentiation, cell migration, telomere maintenance, and angiogenesis. Moreover, water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E including some based on αTP are increasingly used as components of nanocarriers for enhanced and targeted delivery of drugs and other molecules (vitamins, including αT and αTP itself, vitamin D3, carnosine, caffeine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), insulin) and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10. In this review, the chemical characteristics, transport, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of action of αTP in cells and tissues are summarized and put into perspective with its possible role in the prevention of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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7
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Mohammadyani D, Yanamala N, Samhan-Arias AK, Kapralov AA, Stepanov G, Nuar N, Planas-Iglesias J, Sanghera N, Kagan VE, Klein-Seetharaman J. Structural characterization of cardiolipin-driven activation of cytochrome c into a peroxidase and membrane perturbation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1057-1068. [PMID: 29227865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between cardiolipin (CL) and cytochrome c (cyt-c) results in a gain of function of peroxidase activity by cyt-c. Despite intensive research, disagreements on nature and molecular details of this interaction remain. In particular, it is still not known how the interaction triggers the onset of apoptosis. Enzymatic characterization of peroxidase activity has highlighted the need for a critical threshold concentration of CL, a finding of profound physiological relevance in vivo. Using solution NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and in silico modeling approaches we here confirm that full binding of cyt-c to the membrane requires a CL:cyt-c threshold ratio of 5:1. Among three binding sites, the simultaneous binding of two sites, at two opposing sides of the heme, provides a mechanism to open the heme crevice to substrates. This results in "productive binding" in which cyt-c then sequesters CL, inducing curvature in the membrane. Membrane perturbation along with lipid peroxidation, due to interactions of heme/CL acyl chains, initiates the next step in the apoptotic pathway of making the membrane leaky. The third CL binding site while allowing interaction with the membrane, does not cluster CL or induce subsequent events, making this interaction "unproductive".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - German Stepanov
- Department of General and Medical Biophysics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nick Nuar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Narinder Sanghera
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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8
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Fe-S Clusters Emerging as Targets of Therapeutic Drugs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3647657. [PMID: 29445445 PMCID: PMC5763138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3647657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fe-S centers exhibit strong electronic plasticity, which is of importance for insuring fine redox tuning of protein biological properties. In accordance, Fe-S clusters are also highly sensitive to oxidation and can be very easily altered in vivo by different drugs, either directly or indirectly due to catabolic by-products, such as nitric oxide species (NOS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In case of metal ions, Fe-S cluster alteration might be the result of metal liganding to the coordinating sulfur atoms, as suggested for copper. Several drugs presented through this review are either capable of direct interaction with Fe-S clusters or of secondary Fe-S clusters alteration following ROS or NOS production. Reactions leading to Fe-S cluster disruption are also reported. Due to the recent interest and progress in Fe-S biology, it is very likely that an increasing number of drugs already used in clinics will emerge as molecules interfering with Fe-S centers in the near future. Targeting Fe-S centers could also become a promising strategy for drug development.
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9
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Yin V, Shaw GS, Konermann L. Cytochrome c as a Peroxidase: Activation of the Precatalytic Native State by H2O2-Induced Covalent Modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15701-15709. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Department
of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gary S. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Department
of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry and Department
of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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10
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Savitskaya MA, Onischenko GE. α-Tocopheryl Succinate Affects Malignant Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:806-18. [PMID: 27677550 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916080034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of malignant tumors motivates great attention to finding and investigating effective new antitumor preparations. Such preparations include compounds of the vitamin E family. Among them, α-tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate (VES)) has the most pronounced antitumor properties. In this review, various targets and mechanisms of the antitumor effect of vitamin E succinate are characterized. It has been shown that VES has multiple intracellular targets and effects, and as a result VES is able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, inhibit their proliferation, induce differentiation, prevent metastasizing, and inhibit angiogenesis. However, VES has minimal effects on normal cells and tissues. Due to the variety of targets and selectivity of action, VES is a promising agent against malignant neoplasms. More detailed studies in this area can contribute to development of effective and safe chemotherapeutic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Savitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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11
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Bagalkot V, Deiuliis JA, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. "Eat me" imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:2-11. [PMID: 26826436 PMCID: PMC4865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic debris is a vital role of the innate immune system. Drawing upon principles of apoptotic clearance, convenient delivery vehicles including intrinsic anti-inflammatory characteristics and specificity to immune cells can be engineered to aid in drug delivery. In this article, we examine the use of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), the well-known "eat-me" signal, in nanoparticle-based therapeutics making them highly desirable "meals" for phagocytic immune cells. Use of PtdSer facilitates engulfment of nanoparticles allowing for imaging and therapy in various pathologies and may result in immunomodulation. Furthermore, we discuss the targeting of the macrophages and other cells at sites of inflammation in disease. A thorough understanding of the immunobiology of "eat-me" signals is requisite for the successful application of "eat-me"-bearing materials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bagalkot
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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12
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Uchoa MF, de Souza LF, dos Santos DB, Peres TV, Mello DF, Leal RB, Farina M, Dafre AL. Modulation of Brain Glutathione Reductase and Peroxiredoxin 2 by α-Tocopheryl Phosphate. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) began in 1922 as a vital component required in reproduction. Today, there are eight naturally occurring vitamin E isoforms, namely α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol. Vitamin E is potent antioxidants, capable of neutralizing free radicals directly by donating hydrogen from its chromanol ring. α-Tocopherol is regarded the dominant form in vitamin E as the α-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver binds mainly α-tocopherol, thus preventing its degradation. That contributed to the oversight of tocotrienols and resulted in less than 3% of all vitamin E publications studying tocotrienols. Nevertheless, tocotrienols have been shown to possess superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties over α-tocopherol. In particular, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to lower cholesterol, attenuating inflammation via downregulation of transcription factor NF-κB activation, and potent radioprotectant against radiation damage are some properties unique to tocotrienols, not tocopherols. Aside from cancer, vitamin E has also been shown protective in bone, cardiovascular, eye, nephrological and neurological diseases. In light of the different pharmacological properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols, it becomes critical to specify which vitamin E isoform(s) are being studied in any future vitamin E publications. This review provides an update on vitamin E therapeutic potentials, protective effects and modes of action beyond cancer, with comparison of tocopherols against tocotrienols. With the concerted efforts in synthesizing novel vitamin E analogs and clinical pharmacology of vitamin E, it is likely that certain vitamin E isoform(s) will be therapeutic agents against human diseases besides cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136-6129;
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15
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Kluckova K, Sticha M, Cerny J, Mracek T, Dong L, Drahota Z, Gottlieb E, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. Ubiquinone-binding site mutagenesis reveals the role of mitochondrial complex II in cell death initiation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1749. [PMID: 25950479 PMCID: PMC4669690 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complex II (CII, succinate dehydrogenase, SDH) inhibition can induce cell death, but the mechanistic details need clarification. To elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation upon the ubiquinone-binding (Qp) site blockade, we substituted CII subunit C (SDHC) residues lining the Qp site by site-directed mutagenesis. Cell lines carrying these mutations were characterized on the bases of CII activity and exposed to Qp site inhibitors MitoVES, thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) and Atpenin A5. We found that I56F and S68A SDHC variants, which support succinate-mediated respiration and maintain low intracellular succinate, were less efficiently inhibited by MitoVES than the wild-type (WT) variant. Importantly, associated ROS generation and cell death induction was also impaired, and cell death in the WT cells was malonate and catalase sensitive. In contrast, the S68A variant was much more susceptible to TTFA inhibition than the I56F variant or the WT CII, which was again reflected by enhanced ROS formation and increased malonate- and catalase-sensitive cell death induction. The R72C variant that accumulates intracellular succinate due to compromised CII activity was resistant to MitoVES and TTFA treatment and did not increase ROS, even though TTFA efficiently generated ROS at low succinate in mitochondria isolated from R72C cells. Similarly, the high-affinity Qp site inhibitor Atpenin A5 rapidly increased intracellular succinate in WT cells but did not induce ROS or cell death, unlike MitoVES and TTFA that upregulated succinate only moderately. These results demonstrate that cell death initiation upon CII inhibition depends on ROS and that the extent of cell death correlates with the potency of inhibition at the Qp site unless intracellular succinate is high. In addition, this validates the Qp site of CII as a target for cell death induction with relevance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Sticha
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Mracek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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