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Theophall GG, Ramirez LMS, Premo A, Reverdatto S, Manigrasso MB, Yepuri G, Burz DS, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Disruption of the productive encounter complex results in dysregulation of DIAPH1 activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105342. [PMID: 37832872 PMCID: PMC10656230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The diaphanous-related formin, Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1), is required for the assembly of Filamentous (F)-actin structures. DIAPH1 is an intracellular effector of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and contributes to RAGE signaling and effects such as increased cell migration upon RAGE stimulation. Mutations in DIAPH1, including those in the basic "RRKR" motif of its autoregulatory domain, diaphanous autoinhibitory domain (DAD), are implicated in hearing loss, macrothrombocytopenia, and cardiovascular diseases. The solution structure of the complex between the N-terminal inhibitory domain, DID, and the C-terminal DAD, resolved by NMR spectroscopy shows only transient interactions between DID and the basic motif of DAD, resembling those found in encounter complexes. Cross-linking studies placed the RRKR motif into the negatively charged cavity of DID. Neutralizing the cavity resulted in a 5-fold decrease in the binding affinity and 4-fold decrease in the association rate constant of DAD for DID, indicating that the RRKR interactions with DID form a productive encounter complex. A DIAPH1 mutant containing a neutralized RRKR binding cavity shows excessive colocalization with actin and is unresponsive to RAGE stimulation. This is the first demonstration of a specific alteration of the surfaces responsible for productive encounter complexation with implications for human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Theophall
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lisa M S Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Premo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michaele B Manigrasso
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
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Liprins in oncogenic signaling and cancer cell adhesion. Oncogene 2021; 40:6406-6416. [PMID: 34654889 PMCID: PMC8602034 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liprins are a multifunctional family of scaffold proteins, identified by their involvement in several important neuronal functions related to signaling and organization of synaptic structures. More recently, the knowledge on the liprin family has expanded from neuronal functions to processes relevant to cancer progression, including cell adhesion, cell motility, cancer cell invasion, and signaling. These proteins consist of regions, which by prediction are intrinsically disordered, and may be involved in the assembly of supramolecular structures relevant for their functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functions of liprins in different cellular processes, with special emphasis on liprins in tumor progression. The available data indicate that liprins may be potential biomarkers for cancer progression and may have therapeutic importance.
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Xie X, Liang M, Yu C, Wei Z. Liprin-α-Mediated Assemblies and Their Roles in Synapse Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653381. [PMID: 33869211 PMCID: PMC8044993 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain's functions, such as memory and learning, rely on synapses that are highly specialized cellular junctions connecting neurons. Functional synapses orchestrate the assembly of ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and scaffold proteins in both pre- and post-synapse. Liprin-α proteins are master scaffolds in synapses and coordinate various synaptic proteins to assemble large protein complexes. The functions of liprin-αs in synapse formation have been largely uncovered by genetic studies in diverse model systems. Recently, emerging structural and biochemical studies on liprin-α proteins and their binding partners begin to unveil the molecular basis of the synaptic assembly. This review summarizes the recent structural findings on liprin-αs, proposes the assembly mechanism of liprin-α-mediated complexes, and discusses the liprin-α-organized assemblies in the regulation of synapse formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiao Xie
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfu Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Structural insights into selective interaction between type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases and Liprin-α. Nat Commun 2020; 11:649. [PMID: 32005855 PMCID: PMC6994669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation is induced by transsynaptic interaction of neuronal cell-adhesion molecules termed synaptic organizers. Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (IIa RPTPs) function as presynaptic organizers. The cytoplasmic domain of IIa RPTPs consists of two phosphatase domains, and the membrane-distal one (D2) is essential for synapse formation. Liprin-α, which is an active zone protein critical for synapse formation, interacts with D2 via its C-terminal domain composed of three tandem sterile alpha motifs (tSAM). Structural mechanisms of this critical interaction for synapse formation remain elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of the complex between mouse PTPδ D2 and Liprin-α3 tSAM at 1.91 Å resolution. PTPδ D2 interacts with the N-terminal helix and the first and second SAMs (SAM1 and SAM2, respectively) of Liprin-α3. Structure-based mutational analyses in vitro and in cellulo demonstrate that the interactions with Liprin-α SAM1 and SAM2 are essential for the binding and synaptogenic activity.
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Chen A, Arora PD, Lai CC, Copeland JW, Moraes TF, McCulloch CA, Lavoie BD, Wilde A. The scaffold-protein IQGAP1 enhances and spatially restricts the actin-nucleating activity of Diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3134-3147. [PMID: 32005666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic array of filaments that undergoes rapid remodeling to drive many cellular processes. An essential feature of filament remodeling is the spatio-temporal regulation of actin filament nucleation. One family of actin filament nucleators, the Diaphanous-related formins, is activated by the binding of small G-proteins such as RhoA. However, RhoA only partially activates formins, suggesting that additional factors are required to fully activate the formin. Here we identify one such factor, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein-1 (IQGAP1), which enhances RhoA-mediated activation of the Diaphanous-related formin (DIAPH1) and targets DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane. We find that the inhibitory intramolecular interaction within DIAPH1 is disrupted by the sequential binding of RhoA and IQGAP1. Binding of RhoA and IQGAP1 robustly stimulates DIAPH1-mediated actin filament nucleation in vitro In contrast, the actin capping protein Flightless-I, in conjunction with RhoA, only weakly stimulates DIAPH1 activity. IQGAP1, but not Flightless-I, is required to recruit DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane where actin filaments are generated. These results indicate that IQGAP1 enhances RhoA-mediated activation of DIAPH1 in vivo Collectively these data support a model where the combined action of RhoA and an enhancer ensures the spatio-temporal regulation of actin nucleation to stimulate robust and localized actin filament production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Pam D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christine C Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - John W Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte D Lavoie
- Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Han KA, Jeon S, Um JW, Ko J. Emergent Synapse Organizers: LAR-RPTPs and Their Companions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:39-65. [PMID: 27017006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) have emerged as key players that organize various aspects of neuronal development, including axon guidance, neurite extension, and synapse formation and function. Recent research has highlighted the roles of LAR-RPTPs at neuronal synapses in mediating distinct synaptic adhesion pathways through interactions with a host of extracellular ligands and in governing a variety of intracellular signaling cascades through binding to various scaffolds and signaling proteins. In this chapter, we review and update current research progress on the extracellular ligands of LAR-RPTPs, regulation of their extracellular interactions by alternative splicing and heparan sulfates, and their intracellular signaling machineries. In particular, we review structural insights on complexes of LAR-RPTPs with their various ligands. These studies lend support to general molecular mechanisms underlying LAR-RPTP-mediated synaptic adhesion and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Han
- Department of Physiology and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Um
- Department of Physiology and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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