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Feng G, Chen Q, Liu J, Li J, Li X, Ye Z, Wu J, Yang H, Mu L. A non-Bactericidal Cathelicidin with Antioxidant Properties Ameliorates UVB-Induced Mouse Skin Photoaging via Intracellular ROS Scavenging and Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024:S0891-5849(24)00618-X. [PMID: 39178924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cathelicidins, a category of critical host defense molecules in vertebrates, have been extensively studied for their bactericidal functions, but little is known about their non-bactericidal properties. Herein, a novel cathelicidin peptide (Atonp2) was identified from the plateau frog Nanorana ventripunctata. It did not exhibit bactericidal activity but showed significant therapeutic effects in chronic UVB radiation-induced mouse skin photoaging through inhibiting thickening, pyroptosis and inflammation in the epidermis, while inhibiting cellular senescence, collagen fibre breakage and type Ⅰ collagen reduction in the dermis. Further studies indicated that Atonp2 effectively scavenged UVB-induced intracellular ROS via tyrosines at positions 9 and 10, while activating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to protect epidermal keratinocytes against UVB radiation, which in turn indirectly reversed the senescence and collagen degradation of dermal fibroblasts, thereby ameliorating UVB-induced skin photoaging. As such, this study identified a non-bactericidal cathelicidin peptide with potent antioxidant functions, highlighting its potential to treat and prevent skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Panicker IS, Anesi J, Sargisson O, Atchison B, Habenicht AJR. Animal Models, Pathogenesis, and Potential Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:901. [PMID: 38255976 PMCID: PMC10815651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has a prevalence of 0.16-0.34% and an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000 person-years, accounting for 1-2% of all deaths in Western countries. Currently, no effective pharmacological therapies have been identified to slow TAA development and prevent TAA rupture. Large TAAs are treated with open surgical repair and less invasive thoracic endovascular aortic repair, both of which have high perioperative mortality risk. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TAA development and rupture to develop new therapies. In this review, we summarize animal TAA models including recent developments in porcine and zebrafish models: porcine models can assess new therapeutic devices or intervention strategies in a large mammal and zebrafish models can employ large-scale small-molecule suppressor screening in microwells. The second part of the review covers current views of TAA pathogenesis, derived from recent studies using these animal models, with a focus on the roles of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway and the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-elastin-contractile unit. The last part discusses TAA treatment options as they emerge from recent preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Indu S. Panicker
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Jack Anesi
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Owen Sargisson
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Benjamin Atchison
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Andreas J. R. Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany;
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3
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Itai E, Atsugi T, Inomata K, Yamashita M, Kaji K, Nanba D, Naru E. Single-cell analysis of human dermal fibroblasts isolated from a single male donor over 35 years. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1982-1995. [PMID: 37727050 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of ageing on dermal fibroblast heterogeneity based on samples obtained from the same donor. We used a dermal fibroblast lineage (named ASF-4 cell lines) isolated from the inner side of the upper arm of a healthy male donor over a 35-year period, beginning at 36 years of age. Because clonal analysis of ASF-4 cell lines demonstrated a donor age-dependent loss of proliferative capacity and acquisition of senescent traits at the single-cell level, cultured cells frozen at passage 10 at ages 36 and 72 years were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptome analysis revealed an increase in senescent fibroblasts and downregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling with ageing. In addition, two putative differentiation pathways, with one endpoint consisting of senescent fibroblasts and the other without, were speculated using a pseudo-time analysis. Knockdown of the characteristic gene of the non-senescent fibroblast cluster endpoint, EFEMP2, accelerated cellular senescence. This was also confirmed in two other normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines. The detection of a common cellular senescence-related gene from single-donor analysis is notable. This study provides new insights into the behaviour of dermal fibroblasts during skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Itai
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Atsugi
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inomata
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Kaji
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Division of Aging and Regeneration, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Naru
- Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Raja E, Clarin MTRDC, Yanagisawa H. Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14274. [PMID: 37762584 PMCID: PMC10531864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
| | - Maria Thea Rane Dela Cruz Clarin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
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5
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Malta MD, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Extracellular matrix in skin diseases: The road to new therapies. J Adv Res 2023; 51:149-160. [PMID: 36481476 PMCID: PMC10491993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital structure with a dynamic and complex organization that plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis. In the skin, the ECM is arranged into two types of compartments: interstitial dermal matrix and basement membrane (BM). All evidence in the literature supports the notion that direct dysregulation of the composition, abundance or structure of one of these types of ECM, or indirect modifications in proteins that interact with them is linked to a wide range of human skin pathologies, including hereditary, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Even though the ECM's key role in these pathologies has been widely documented, its potential as a therapeutic target has been overlooked. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in three groups of skin ECM-related diseases - genetic, autoimmune, and neoplastic - and the recent therapeutic progress and opportunities targeting ECM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This article describes the implications of alterations in ECM components and in BM-associated molecules that are determinant for guaranteeing its function in different skin disorders. Also, ongoing clinical trials on ECM-targeted therapies are discussed together with future opportunities that may open new avenues for treating ECM-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Malta
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.
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6
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Crandall CL, Wu Y, Kailash KA, Bersi MR, Halabi CM, Wagenseil JE. Changes in transmural mass transport correlate with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm diameter in a fibulin-4 E57K knockin mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H113-H124. [PMID: 37267118 PMCID: PMC10292979 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00036.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is characterized by dilation of the aortic diameter by greater than 50%, which can lead to dissection or rupture. Common histopathology includes extracellular matrix remodeling that may affect transmural mass transport, defined as the movement of fluids and solutes across the wall. We measured in vitro ascending thoracic aorta mass transport in a mouse model with partial aneurysm phenotype penetration due to a mutation in the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-4 [Fbln4E57K/E57K, referred to as MU-A (aneurysm) or MU-NA (no aneurysm)]. To push the aneurysm phenotype, we also included MU mice with reduced levels of lysyl oxidase [Fbln4E57K/E57K;Lox+/-, referred to as MU-XA (extreme aneurysm)] and compared all groups to wild-type (WT) littermates. The phenotype variation allows investigation of how aneurysm severity correlates with mass transport parameters and extracellular matrix organization. We found that MU-NA ascending thoracic aortae have similar hydraulic conductance (Lp) to WT, but 397% higher solute permeability (ω) for 4 kDa FITC-dextran. In contrast, MU-A and MU-XA ascending thoracic aortae have 44-68% lower Lp and similar ω to WT. The results suggest that ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm progression involves an initial increase in ω, followed by a decrease in Lp after the aneurysm has formed. All MU ascending thoracic aortae are longer and have increased elastic fiber fragmentation in the extracellular matrix. There is a negative correlation between diameter and Lp or ω in MU ascending thoracic aortae. Changes in mass transport due to elastic fiber fragmentation could contribute to aneurysm progression or be leveraged for treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transmural mass transport is quantified in the ascending thoracic aorta of mice with a mutation in fibulin-4 that is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Fluid and solute transport depend on aneurysm severity, correlate with elastic fiber fragmentation, and may be affected by proteoglycan deposition. Transport properties of the ascending thoracic aorta are provided and can be used in computational models. The changes in mass transport may contribute to aneurysm progression or be leveraged for aneurysm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Crandall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Keshav A Kailash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mathew R Bersi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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7
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Schulze F, Lang A, Schoon J, Wassilew GI, Reichert J. Scaffold Guided Bone Regeneration for the Treatment of Large Segmental Defects in Long Bones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020325. [PMID: 36830862 PMCID: PMC9953456 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone generally displays a high intrinsic capacity to regenerate. Nonetheless, large osseous defects sometimes fail to heal. The treatment of such large segmental defects still represents a considerable clinical challenge. The regeneration of large bone defects often proves difficult, since it relies on the formation of large amounts of bone within an environment impedimental to osteogenesis, characterized by soft tissue damage and hampered vascularization. Consequently, research efforts have concentrated on tissue engineering and regenerative medical strategies to resolve this multifaceted challenge. In this review, we summarize, critically evaluate, and discuss present approaches in light of their clinical relevance; we also present future advanced techniques for bone tissue engineering, outlining the steps to realize for their translation from bench to bedside. The discussion includes the physiology of bone healing, requirements and properties of natural and synthetic biomaterials for bone reconstruction, their use in conjunction with cellular components and suitable growth factors, and strategies to improve vascularization and the translation of these regenerative concepts to in vivo applications. We conclude that the ideal all-purpose material for scaffold-guided bone regeneration is currently not available. It seems that a variety of different solutions will be employed, according to the clinical treatment necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schulze
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery & Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georgi I. Wassilew
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-86-22530
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8
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EMILIN1 deficiency causes arterial tortuosity with osteopenia and connects impaired elastogenesis with defective collagen fibrillogenesis. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:2230-2252. [PMID: 36351433 PMCID: PMC9748297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
EMILIN1 (elastin-microfibril-interface-located-protein-1) is a structural component of the elastic fiber network and localizes to the interface between the fibrillin microfibril scaffold and the elastin core. How EMILIN1 contributes to connective tissue integrity is not fully understood. Here, we report bi-allelic EMILIN1 loss-of-function variants causative for an entity combining cutis laxa, arterial tortuosity, aneurysm formation, and bone fragility, resembling autosomal-recessive cutis laxa type 1B, due to EFEMP2 (FBLN4) deficiency. In both humans and mice, absence of EMILIN1 impairs EFEMP2 extracellular matrix deposition and LOX activity resulting in impaired elastogenesis, reduced collagen crosslinking, and aberrant growth factor signaling. Collagen fiber ultrastructure and histopathology in EMILIN1- or EFEMP2-deficient skin and aorta corroborate these findings and murine Emilin1-/- femora show abnormal trabecular bone formation and strength. Altogether, EMILIN1 connects elastic fiber network with collagen fibril formation, relevant for both bone and vascular tissue homeostasis.
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9
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Siddiqui HB, Dogru S, Lashkarinia SS, Pekkan K. Soft-Tissue Material Properties and Mechanogenetics during Cardiovascular Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9020064. [PMID: 35200717 PMCID: PMC8876703 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, changes in the cardiovascular microstructure and material properties are essential for an integrated biomechanical understanding. This knowledge also enables realistic predictive computational tools, specifically targeting the formation of congenital heart defects. Material characterization of cardiovascular embryonic tissue at consequent embryonic stages is critical to understand growth, remodeling, and hemodynamic functions. Two biomechanical loading modes, which are wall shear stress and blood pressure, are associated with distinct molecular pathways and govern vascular morphology through microstructural remodeling. Dynamic embryonic tissues have complex signaling networks integrated with mechanical factors such as stress, strain, and stiffness. While the multiscale interplay between the mechanical loading modes and microstructural changes has been studied in animal models, mechanical characterization of early embryonic cardiovascular tissue is challenging due to the miniature sample sizes and active/passive vascular components. Accordingly, this comparative review focuses on the embryonic material characterization of developing cardiovascular systems and attempts to classify it for different species and embryonic timepoints. Key cardiovascular components including the great vessels, ventricles, heart valves, and the umbilical cord arteries are covered. A state-of-the-art review of experimental techniques for embryonic material characterization is provided along with the two novel methods developed to measure the residual and von Mises stress distributions in avian embryonic vessels noninvasively, for the first time in the literature. As attempted in this review, the compilation of embryonic mechanical properties will also contribute to our understanding of the mature cardiovascular system and possibly lead to new microstructural and genetic interventions to correct abnormal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hummaira Banu Siddiqui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (H.B.S.); (S.D.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Sedat Dogru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (H.B.S.); (S.D.); (S.S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Seyedeh Samaneh Lashkarinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (H.B.S.); (S.D.); (S.S.L.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (H.B.S.); (S.D.); (S.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-(533)-356-3595
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10
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Beyens A, Pottie L, Sips P, Callewaert B. Clinical and Molecular Delineation of Cutis Laxa Syndromes: Paradigms for Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:273-309. [PMID: 34807425 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutis laxa (CL) syndromes are a large and heterogeneous group of rare connective tissue disorders that share loose redundant skin as a hallmark clinical feature, which reflects dermal elastic fiber fragmentation. Both acquired and congenital-Mendelian- forms exist. Acquired forms are progressive and often preceded by inflammatory triggers in the skin, but may show systemic elastolysis. Mendelian forms are often pleiotropic in nature and classified upon systemic manifestations and mode of inheritance. Though impaired elastogenesis is a common denominator in all Mendelian forms of CL, the underlying gene defects are diverse and affect structural components of the elastic fiber or impair metabolic pathways interfering with cellular trafficking, proline synthesis, or mitochondrial functioning. In this chapter we provide a detailed overview of the clinical and molecular characteristics of the different cutis laxa types and review the latest insights on elastic fiber assembly and homeostasis from both human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Dermatology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Pottie
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Role of Fibulins in Embryonic Stage Development and Their Involvement in Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050685. [PMID: 34063320 PMCID: PMC8147605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the evolution of early metazoans, as it provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells through the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. In multi-cellular organisms, ECM plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of tissues and in the development of organs. Fibulins are ECM glycoproteins, found in a variety of tissues associated with basement membranes, elastic fibers, proteoglycan aggregates, and fibronectin microfibrils. The expression profile of fibulins reveals their role in various developmental processes such as elastogenesis, development of organs during the embryonic stage, tissue remodeling, maintenance of the structural integrity of basement membrane, and elastic fibers, as well as other cellular processes. Apart from this, fibulins are also involved in the progression of human diseases such as cancer, cardiac diseases, congenital disorders, and chronic fibrotic disorders. Different isoforms of fibulins show a dual role of tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities, depending on the cell type and cellular microenvironment in the body. Knockout animal models have provided deep insight into their role in development and diseases. The present review covers details of the structural and expression patterns, along with the role of fibulins in embryonic development and disease progression, with more emphasis on their involvement in the modulation of cancer diseases.
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12
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Abstract
Significance: The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides mechanical stability but also manipulates vascular cell behaviors, which are crucial for vascular function and homeostasis. ECM remodeling, which alters vascular wall mechanical properties and exposes vascular cells to bioactive molecules, is involved in the development and progression of hypertension. Recent Advances: This brief review summarized the dynamic changes in ECM components and their modification and degradation during hypertension and after antihypertensive treatment. We also discussed how alterations in the ECM amount, assembly, mechanical properties, and degradation fragment generation provide input into the pathological process of hypertension. Critical Issues: Although the relevance between ECM remodeling and hypertension has been recognized, the underlying mechanism by which ECM remodeling initiates the development of hypertension remains unclear. Therefore, the modulation of ECM remodeling on arterial stiffness and hypertension in genetically modified rodent models is summarized in this review. The circulating biomarkers based on ECM metabolism and therapeutic strategies targeting ECM disorders in hypertension are also introduced. Future Directions: Further research will provide more comprehensive understanding of ECM remodeling in hypertension by the application of matridomic and degradomic approaches. The better understanding of mechanisms underlying vascular ECM remodeling may provide novel potential therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating hypertension. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 765-783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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13
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van Dorst DCH, de Wagenaar NP, van der Pluijm I, Roos-Hesselink JW, Essers J, Danser AHJ. Transforming Growth Factor-β and the Renin-Angiotensin System in Syndromic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Implications for Treatment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:1233-1252. [PMID: 33283255 PMCID: PMC8578102 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are permanent pathological dilatations of the thoracic aorta, which can lead to life-threatening complications, such as aortic dissection and rupture. TAAs frequently occur in a syndromic form in individuals with an underlying genetic predisposition, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Increasing evidence supports an important role for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in TAA pathology. Eventually, most patients with syndromic TAAs require surgical intervention, as the ability of present medical treatment to attenuate aneurysm growth is limited. Therefore, more effective medical treatment options are urgently needed. Numerous clinical trials investigated the therapeutic potential of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and β-blockers in patients suffering from syndromic TAAs. This review highlights the contribution of TGF-β signaling, RAS, and impaired mechanosensing abilities of aortic VSMCs in TAA formation. Furthermore, it critically discusses the most recent clinical evidence regarding the possible therapeutic benefit of ARBs and β-blockers in syndromic TAA patients and provides future research perspectives and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan C H van Dorst
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie P de Wagenaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Ee702b, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Ee702b, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien W Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Room Ee702b, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Song R, Zhang L. Cardiac ECM: Its Epigenetic Regulation and Role in Heart Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228610. [PMID: 33203135 PMCID: PMC7698074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component in the cardiac microenvironment, and serves essential structural and regulatory roles in establishing and maintaining tissue architecture and cellular function. The patterns of molecular and biochemical ECM alterations in developing and adult hearts depend on the underlying injury type. In addition to exploring how the ECM regulates heart structure and function in heart development and repair, this review conducts an inclusive discussion of recent developments in the role, function, and epigenetic guidelines of the ECM. Moreover, it contributes to the development of new therapeutics for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-909-558-4325 (R.S. & L.Z.)
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +1-909-558-4325 (R.S. & L.Z.)
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15
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Peng X, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Sun B, Zhang Q. EFEMP1 in Direct Inguinal Hernia: correlation with TIMP3 and Regulation Toward Elastin Homoeostasis as Well as Fibroblast Mobility. J INVEST SURG 2020; 35:203-211. [PMID: 33131351 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1811812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This basic research aimed to detect the inner-correlation of EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), elastin (ELN) in direct inguinal hernia (IH), and their effect on fibroblasts motility. METHODS Transversalis fascia samples from 20 direct IH patients and 20 varicocele (served as controls) patients were collected for detecting EFEMP1, TIMP3, MMP9 and ELN expressions by immunohistochemistry assay. Fibroblasts L929 cells were transfected with EFEMP1 overexpression plasmid or knock-down plasmid to investigate the influence of EFEMP1 dysregulation on L929 cell migration, invasion, TIMP3, MMP9 and ELN expressions. Additionally, rescue experiments were performed by adding TIMP3 knockdown plasmid to the EFEMP1-overexpressed L929 cells. RESULTS Transversalis fascia EFEMP1, TIMP3 and ELN expressions were decreased, but MMP9 expression was increased in IH patients compared with controls. In IH patients, EFEMP1 was not correlated with TIMP3, but positively correlated with ELN and negatively correlated with MMP9; TIMP3 negatively correlated with MMP9, but positively correlated with ELN. Overexpression of EFEMP1 did not affect TIMP3 expression but increased ELN expression and decreased MMP9 expression in L929 cells. In addition, EFEMP1 suppressed L929 cell migration and invasion. The following rescue experiments indicated that silencing TIMP3 attenuated the effect of EFEMP1 overexpression on MMP9 and ELN expressions as well as the effect of EFEMP1 overexpression on cell migration and invasion in L929 cells. CONCLUSIONS EFEMP1 is downregulated in direct IH, and it regulates ELN homoeostasis as well as fibroblast mobility via interacting with TIMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baichen Sun
- Department of Pathology, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Noda K, Kitagawa K, Miki T, Horiguchi M, Akama TO, Taniguchi T, Taniguchi H, Takahashi K, Ogra Y, Mecham RP, Terajima M, Yamauchi M, Nakamura T. A matricellular protein fibulin-4 is essential for the activation of lysyl oxidase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/48/eabc1404. [PMID: 33239290 PMCID: PMC7688322 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibulin-4 is a matricellular protein required for extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. Mice deficient in fibulin-4 (Fbln4-/- ) have disrupted collagen and elastin fibers and die shortly after birth from aortic and diaphragmatic rupture. The function of fibulin-4 in ECM assembly, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that fibulin-4 is required for the activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of elastin and collagen. LOX produced by Fbln4-/- cells had lower activity than LOX produced by wild-type cells due to the absence of lysine tyrosyl quinone (LTQ), a unique cofactor required for LOX activity. Our studies showed that fibulin-4 is required for copper ion transfer from the copper transporter ATP7A to LOX in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), which is a necessary step for LTQ formation. These results uncover a pivotal role for fibulin-4 in the activation of LOX and, hence, in ECM assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Noda
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takao Miki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masahito Horiguchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan
| | - Tomoya O Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Division of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Division of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
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17
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Rohde S, Zafar MA, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. Thoracic aortic aneurysm gene dictionary. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 29:682-696. [PMID: 32689806 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320943800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is typically clinically silent, with a natural history of progressive enlargement until a potentially lethal complication such as rupture or dissection occurs. Underlying genetic predisposition strongly influences the risk of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Familial cases are more virulent, have a higher rate of aneurysm growth, and occur earlier in life. To date, over 30 genes have been associated with syndromic and non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. The causative genes and their specific variants help to predict the disease phenotype, including age at presentation, risk of dissection at small aortic sizes, and risk of other cardiovascular and systemic manifestations. This genetic "dictionary" is already a clinical reality, allowing us to personalize care based on specific causative mutations for a substantial proportion of these patients. Widespread genetic sequencing of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection patients has been and continues to be crucial to the rapid expansion of this dictionary and ultimately, the delivery of truly personalized care to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rohde
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohammad A Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Ostberg NP, Zafar MA, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. The Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection: A Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 31991693 PMCID: PMC7072177 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) affects many patients globally and has high mortality rates if undetected. Once thought to be solely a degenerative disease that afflicted the aorta due to high pressure and biomechanical stress, extensive investigation of the heritability and natural history of TAAD has shown a clear genetic basis for the disease. Here, we review both the cellular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of syndromic and non-syndromic TAAD. We particularly focus on genes that have been linked to dissection at diameters <5.0 cm, the current lower bound for surgical intervention. Genetic screening tests to identify patients with TAAD associated mutations that place them at high risk for dissection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai P. Ostberg
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
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19
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Faggion Vinholo T, Brownstein AJ, Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Kuivaniemi H, Body SC, Bale AE, Elefteriades JA. Genes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: 2019 Update and Clinical Implications. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2019; 7:99-107. [PMID: 31842235 PMCID: PMC6914358 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a typically silent disease characterized by a lethal natural history. Since the discovery of the familial nature of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) almost 2 decades ago, our understanding of the genetics of this disorder has undergone a transformative amplification. To date, at least 37 TAAD-causing genes have been identified and an estimated 30% of the patients with familial nonsyndromic TAAD harbor a pathogenic mutation in one of these genes. In this review, we present our yearly update summarizing the genes associated with TAAD and the ensuing clinical implications for surgical intervention. Molecular genetics will continue to bolster this burgeoning catalog of culprit genes, enabling the provision of personalized aortic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Faggion Vinholo
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adam J Brownstein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mohammad A Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen E Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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20
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González A, López B, Ravassa S, San José G, Díez J. Reprint of "The complex dynamics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure. Focus on collagen cross-linking". BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118521. [PMID: 31394074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a common finding in heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, as well as in HF animal models. MIF is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse clinical outcome. The impact of MIF is influenced not only by the quantity but also by changes in the quality of collagen fibers and in the extracellular matrix components, such as a shift in collagen types proportion, increased fibronectin polymerization and increased degree of collagen cross-linking (CCL). In particular, CCL, a process that renders collagen fibers stiffer and more resistant to degradation, is increased both in patients and animal models of HF. Importantly, in HF patients increased cardiac CCL is directly associated with increased left ventricular stiffness and a higher risk of hospitalization for HF. The aim of this review is to address the complexity of MIF in HF, focusing on CCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and of Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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21
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González A, López B, Ravassa S, San José G, Díez J. The complex dynamics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure. Focus on collagen cross-linking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1421-1432. [PMID: 31181222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a common finding in heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, as well as in HF animal models. MIF is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse clinical outcome. The impact of MIF is influenced not only by the quantity but also by changes in the quality of collagen fibers and in the extracellular matrix components, such as a shift in collagen types proportion, increased fibronectin polymerization and increased degree of collagen cross-linking (CCL). In particular, CCL, a process that renders collagen fibers stiffer and more resistant to degradation, is increased both in patients and animal models of HF. Importantly, in HF patients increased cardiac CCL is directly associated with increased left ventricular stiffness and a higher risk of hospitalization for HF. The aim of this review is to address the complexity of MIF in HF, focusing on CCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and of Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Elastic fibers and biomechanics of the aorta: Insights from mouse studies. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:160-172. [PMID: 30880160 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the aorta and support a life-long cycling of stretch and recoil. Elastic fibers are formed from mid-gestation throughout early postnatal development and the synthesis is regulated at multiple steps, including coacervation, deposition, cross-linking, and assembly of insoluble elastin onto microfibril scaffolds. To date, more than 30 molecules have been shown to associate with elastic fibers and some of them play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of elastic fibers in vivo. Because the aorta is subjected to high pressure from the left ventricle, elasticity of the aorta provides the Windkessel effect and maintains stable blood flow to distal organs throughout the cardiac cycle. Disruption of elastic fibers due to congenital defects, inflammation, or aging dramatically reduces aortic elasticity and affects overall vessel mechanics. Another important component in the aorta is the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Elastic fibers and SMCs alternate to create a highly organized medial layer within the aortic wall. The physical connections between elastic fibers and SMCs form the elastin-contractile units and maintain cytoskeletal organization and proper responses of SMCs to mechanical strain. In this review, we revisit the components of elastic fibers and their roles in elastogenesis and how a loss of each component affects biomechanics of the aorta. Finally, we discuss the significance of elastin-contractile units in the maintenance of SMC function based on knowledge obtained from mouse models of human disease.
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23
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Camardo A, Seshadri D, Broekelmann T, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. Multifunctional, JNK-inhibiting nanotherapeutics for augmented elastic matrix regenerative repair in aortic aneurysms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:964-984. [PMID: 28875468 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), localized aortal wall expansions, is driven by the disruption and subsequent loss of aortal wall elastic fibers by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Since elastic fibers do not naturally regenerate or repair, arresting/reversing AAA growth has not been possible. Previously, we showed utility of doxycycline (DOX), an MMP inhibitor drug, to stimulate elastic matrix neoassembly and crosslinking at low microgram per milliliter doses in addition to inhibiting MMPs. We currently show in aneurysmal smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures that effects of exogenous DOX in this dose range are linked to its upregulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) via its inhibition of the regulatory protein c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK 2). We have identified a DOX dose range that stimulates elastogenesis and crosslinking without adversely impacting cell viability. Using JNK 2 inhibition as a metric for pro-regenerative matrix effects of DOX, we further demonstrate that sustained, steady-state release of DOX at the useful dose, from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs), provides pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic effects that could potentially be more pronounced than that of exogenous DOX. We attribute these outcomes to previously determined synergistic effects provided by cationic amphiphile groups functionalizing the polymer NP surface. Released DOX inhibited expression and phosphorylation of JNK to likely increase expression of TGF-β1, which is known to increase elastogenesis and lysyl oxidase-mediated crosslinking of elastic matrix. Our results suggest that JNK inhibition is a useful metric to assess pro-elastic matrix regenerative effects and point to the combinatorial regenerative benefits provided by DOX and cationic-functionalized NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Camardo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND 20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Dhruv Seshadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND 20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Tom Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Robert Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND 20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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24
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Roles of short fibulins, a family of matricellular proteins, in lung matrix assembly and disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Fibrillin microfibrils and elastic fibre proteins: Functional interactions and extracellular regulation of growth factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:109-117. [PMID: 30016650 PMCID: PMC6461133 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils are extensible polymers that endow connective tissues with long-range elasticity and have widespread distributions in both elastic and non-elastic tissues. They act as a template for elastin deposition during elastic fibre formation and are essential for maintaining the integrity of tissues such as blood vessels, lung, skin and ocular ligaments. A reduction in fibrillin is seen in tissues in vascular ageing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, skin ageing and UV induced skin damage, and age-related vision deterioration. Most mutations in fibrillin cause Marfan syndrome, a genetic disease characterised by overgrowth of the long bones and other skeletal abnormalities with cardiovascular and eye defects. However, mutations in fibrillin and fibrillin-binding proteins can also cause short-stature pathologies. All of these diseases have been linked to dysregulated growth factor signalling which forms a major functional role for fibrillin.
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Flister MJ, Bergom C. Genetic Modifiers of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:429-444. [PMID: 29860987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nonmalignant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact breast cancer risk, metastasis, and response to therapy, yet most heritable mechanisms that influence TME cell function and breast cancer outcomes are largely unknown. Breast cancer risk is ∼30% heritable and >170 genetic loci have been associated with breast cancer traits. However, the majority of candidate genes have poorly defined mechanistic roles in breast cancer biology. Research indicates that breast cancer risk modifiers directly impact cancer cells, yet it is equally plausible that some modifier alleles impact the nonmalignant TME. The objective of this review is to examine the list of current breast cancer candidate genes that may modify breast cancer risk and outcome through the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Sophocleous F, Milano EG, Pontecorboli G, Chivasso P, Caputo M, Rajakaruna C, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Emanueli C, Biglino G. Enlightening the Association between Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Aortopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E21. [PMID: 29671812 PMCID: PMC6023468 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients have an increased incidence of developing aortic dilation. Despite its importance, the pathogenesis of aortopathy in BAV is still largely undetermined. Nowadays, intense focus falls both on BAV morphology and progression of valvular dysfunction and on the development of aortic dilation. However, less is known about the relationship between aortic valve morphology and aortic dilation. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis of the aortic wall, including the extracellular matrix, the plasticity of the vascular smooth cells, TGFβ signaling, and epigenetic dysregulation, is key to enlighten the mechanisms underpinning BAV-aortopathy development and progression. To date, there are two main theories on this subject, i.e., the genetic and the hemodynamic theory, with an ongoing debate over the pathogenesis of BAV-aortopathy. Furthermore, the lack of early detection biomarkers leads to challenges in the management of patients affected by BAV-aortopathy. Here, we critically review the current knowledge on the driving mechanisms of BAV-aortopathy together with the current clinical management and lack of available biomarkers allowing for early detection and better treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froso Sophocleous
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
| | - Elena Giulia Milano
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Giulia Pontecorboli
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Chivasso
- Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Cha Rajakaruna
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Giovanni Biglino
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 89HW, UK.
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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Lin CJ, Lin CY, Stitziel NO. Genetics of the extracellular matrix in aortic aneurysmal diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:128-143. [PMID: 29656146 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are morbid conditions that can lead to rupture or dissection and are categorized as thoracic (TAA) or abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) depending on their location. While AAA shares overlapping risk factors with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, TAA exhibits strong heritability. Human genetic studies in the past two decades have successfully identified numerous genes involved in both familial and sporadic forms of aortic aneurysm. In this review we will discuss the genetic basis of aortic aneurysm, focusing on the extracellular matrix and how insights from these studies have informed our understanding of human biology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; McDonell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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29
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Brownstein AJ, Kostiuk V, Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Kuivaniemi H, Body SC, Bale AE, Elefteriades JA. Genes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: 2018 Update and Clinical Implications. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2018; 6:13-20. [PMID: 30079932 PMCID: PMC6136681 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1%, are potentially lethal, via rupture or dissection. Over the prior two decades, there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of the genetics of thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (TAAD). To date, 30 genes have been shown to be associated with the development of TAAD and ∼30% of individuals with nonsyndromic familial TAAD have a pathogenic mutation in one of these genes. This review represents the authors' yearly update summarizing the genes associated with TAAD, including implications for the surgical treatment of TAAD. Molecular genetics will continue to revolutionize the approach to patients afflicted with this devastating disease, permitting the application of genetically personalized aortic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brownstein
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgical Diseases # 2, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen E. Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Trackman PC. Functional importance of lysyl oxidase family propeptide regions. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:45-53. [PMID: 29086201 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase family of proteins is primarily known for its critical role in catalyzing extracellular oxidative deamination of hydroxylysine and lysine residues in collagens, and lysine residues in elastin required for connective tissue structure and function. Lysyl oxidases have additional important biological functions in health and disease. While the enzyme domains are highly conserved, the propeptide regions are less uniform, and have biological activity, some of which are independent of their respective enzymes. This review summarizes what has been published regarding the functions of the propeptide regions of this family of proteins in the context of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, fibrosis and cancer biology. Although much has been learned, there is a need for greater attention to structure/function relationships and mechanisms to more fully understand these multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Trackman
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Halabi CM, Broekelmann TJ, Lin M, Lee VS, Chu ML, Mecham RP. Fibulin-4 is essential for maintaining arterial wall integrity in conduit but not muscular arteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602532. [PMID: 28508064 PMCID: PMC5415335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in fibulin-4 (FBLN4) lead to autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), a multisystem disorder characterized by significant cardiovascular abnormalities, including abnormal elastin assembly, arterial tortuosity, and aortic aneurysms. We sought to determine the consequences of a human disease-causing mutation in FBLN4 (E57K) on the cardiovascular system and vascular elastic fibers in a mouse model of ARCL1B. Fbln4E57K/E57K mice were hypertensive and developed arterial elongation, tortuosity, and ascending aortic aneurysms. Smooth muscle cell organization within the arterial wall of large conducting vessels was abnormal, and elastic fibers were fragmented and had a moth-eaten appearance. In contrast, vessel wall structure and elastic fiber integrity were normal in resistance/muscular arteries (renal, mesenteric, and saphenous). Elastin cross-linking and total elastin content were unchanged in large or small arteries, whereas elastic fiber architecture was abnormal in large vessels. While the E57K mutation did not affect Fbln4 mRNA levels, FBLN4 protein was lower in the ascending aorta of mutant animals compared to wild-type arteries but equivalent in mesenteric arteries. We found a differential role of FBLN4 in elastic fiber assembly, where it functions mainly in large conduit arteries. These results suggest that elastin assembly has different requirements depending on vessel type. Normal levels of elastin cross-links in mutant tissue call into question FBLN4's suggested role in mediating lysyl oxidase-elastin interactions. Future studies investigating tissue-specific elastic fiber assembly may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for ARCL1B and other disorders of elastic fiber assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Halabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas J. Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vivian S. Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mon-Li Chu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Swaminathan G, Stoilov I, Broekelmann T, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. Phenotype-based selection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived smooth muscle cells for elastic matrix regenerative repair in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e60-e70. [PMID: 27860330 DOI: 10.1002/term.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic proteolytic disruption of elastic fibres within the abdominal aortic wall results in wall vessel expansion to form rupture-prone abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Arresting AAA growth is not possible as adult vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) poorly auto-regenerate and repair elastic fibres. Thus, there is a need to identify alternate cell sources capable of robust elastic matrix assembly to overcome elastolysis in the AAA wall. Previously, we demonstrated the superior elastogenic properties of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)-derived SMCs (BM-SMCs) relative to aneurysmal and healthy rat aortic SMCs. In the present study, we investigate how phenotypic coordinates of the derived BM-SMCs, in turn dependent on conditions of BM-MSC differentiation, impact their elastic matrix synthesis abilities. More specifically, we investigated how glucose content, serum levels and the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 supplements alone or together with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) in the differentiation medium influence phenotype of, and elastogenesis by derived rat BM-SMCs. BM-SMCs generated in low-glucose and 10% v/v serum conditions in the presence of TGF-β1 with or without PDGF-BB exhibited a mature phenotype characterized by contractility and migrative tendencies similar to healthy rat aortic SMCs, and yet capable of robust tropoelastin (precursor) synthesis and assembly of a fibrous, highly crosslinked elastic matrix. Thus, we have identified metrics and conditions for selecting BM-SMCs with superior elastogenesis for in situ elastic matrix regeneration. Future studies will focus on characterizing these specific BM-SMC subtypes for their pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic effects on aneurysmal SMCs to confirm their preferred use for therapy aimed at AAA tissue regenerative repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Swaminathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Ivan Stoilov
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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Sivaraman B, Swaminathan G, Moore L, Fox J, Seshadri D, Dahal S, Stoilov I, Zborowski M, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. Magnetically-responsive, multifunctional drug delivery nanoparticles for elastic matrix regenerative repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:171-186. [PMID: 27884774 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arresting or regressing growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), localized expansions of the abdominal aorta are contingent on inhibiting chronically overexpressed matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)-2 and -9 that disrupt elastic matrix within the aortic wall, concurrent with providing a stimulus to augmenting inherently poor auto-regeneration of these matrix structures. In a recent study we demonstrated that localized, controlled and sustained delivery of doxycycline (DOX; a tetracycline-based antibiotic) from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs), enhances elastic matrix deposition and MMP-inhibition at a fraction of the therapeutically effective oral dose. The surface functionalization of these NPs with cationic amphiphiles, which enhances their arterial uptake, was also shown to have pro-matrix regenerative and anti-MMP effects independent of the DOX. Based on the hypothesis that the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) within these PLGA NPs would enhance their targetability to the AAA site under an applied external magnetic field, we sought to evaluate the functional effects of NPs co-encapsulating DOX and SPIONs (DOX-SPION NPs) on elastic matrix regeneration and MMP synthesis/activity in vitro within aneurysmal smooth muscle cell (EaRASMC) cultures. The DOX-SPION NPs were mobile under an applied external magnetic field, while enhancing elastic matrix deposition 1.5-2-fold and significantly inhibiting MMP-2 synthesis and MMP-2 and -9 activities, compared to NP-untreated control cultures. These results illustrate that the multifunctional benefits of NPs are maintained following SPION co-incorporation. Additionally, preliminary studies carried out demonstrated enhanced targetability of SPION-loaded NPs within proteolytically-disrupted porcine carotid arteries ex vivo, under the influence of an applied external magnetic field. Thus, this dual-agent loaded NP system proffers a potential non-surgical option for treating small growing AAAs, via controlled and sustained drug release from multifunctional, targetable nanocarriers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Proactive screening of high risk elderly patients now enables early detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). There are no established drug-based therapeutic alternatives to surgery for AAAs, which is unsuitable for many elderly patients, and none which can achieve restore disrupted and lost elastic matrix in the AAA wall, which is essential to achieve growth arrest or regression. We have developed a first generation design of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) for AAA tissue localized delivery of doxycycline, a modified tetracycline drug at low micromolar doses at which it provides both pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic benefits that can augment elastic matrix regenerative repair. The nanocarriers themselves are also uniquely chemically functionalized on their surface to also provide them pro-elastin-regenerative & anti-matrix degradative properties. To provide an active driving force for efficient uptake of intra-lumenally infused NPs to the AAA wall, in this work, we have rendered our polymer NPs mobile in an applied magnetic field via co-incorporation of super-paramagnetic iron oxide NPs. We demonstrate that such modifications significantly improve wall uptake of the NPs with no significant changes to their physical properties and regenerative benefits. Such NPs can potentially stimulate structural repair in the AAA wall following one time infusion to delay or prevent AAA growth to rupture. The therapy can provide a non-surgical treatment option for high risk AAA patients.
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Brownstein AJ, Ziganshin BA, Kuivaniemi H, Body SC, Bale AE, Elefteriades JA. Genes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: An Update and Clinical Implications. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2017; 5:11-20. [PMID: 28868310 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2017.17.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a lethal disease, with a natural history of enlarging progressively until dissection or rupture occurs. Since the discovery almost 20 years ago that ascending TAAs are highly familial, our understanding of the genetics of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) has increased exponentially. At least 29 genes have been shown to be associated with the development of TAAD, the majority of which encode proteins involved in the extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cell contraction or metabolism, or the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Almost one-quarter of TAAD patients have a mutation in one of these genes. In this review, we provide a summary of TAAD-associated genes, associated clinical features of the vasculature, and implications for surgical treatment of TAAD. With the widespread use of next-generation sequencing and development of novel functional assays, the future of the genetics of TAAD is bright, as both novel TAAD genes and variants within the genes will continue to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Brownstein
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen E Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Li F, Li Y, Zhang K, Li Y, He P, Liu Y, Yuan H, Lu H, Liu J, Che S, Li Z, Bie L. FBLN4 as candidate gene associated with long-term and short-term survival with primary glioblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:387-395. [PMID: 28144153 PMCID: PMC5248947 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s117165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and lethal type of primary central nervous system tumor in humans. In spite of its high lethality, a small percentage of patients have a relatively good prognosis, with median survival times of 36 months or longer. The identification of clinical subsets of GBM associated with distinct molecular genetic profiles has made it possible to design therapies tailored to treat individual patients. Methods We compared microarray data sets from long-term survivors (LTSs) and short-term survivors (STSs) to screen for prognostic biomarkers in GBM patients using the WebArrayDB platform. We focused on FBLN4, IGFBP-2, and CHI3L1, all members of a group of 10 of the most promising, differentially regulated gene candidates. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded GBM samples, we corroborated the relationship between these genes and patient outcomes using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MGMT methylation status and quantitative reverse transcription PCR for expression of these genes. Results Expression levels of the mRNAs of these 3 genes were higher in the GBM samples than in normal brain samples and these 3 genes were significantly upregulated in STSs compared to the levels in LTS samples (P<0.01). Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the expression patterns of FBLN4 and IGFBP-2 serve as independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report describing FBLN4 as a prognostic factor for GBM patient survival, demonstrating that increased GBM survival time correlates with decreased FBLN4 expression. Understanding FBLN4 expression patterns could aid in the creation of powerful tools to predict clinical prognoses of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Ping He
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine
| | - Honghua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Songtian Che
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Clinical Hospital
| | - Zhenju Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Fourth Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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36
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Sasaki T, Hanisch FG, Deutzmann R, Sakai LY, Sakuma T, Miyamoto T, Yamamoto T, Hannappel E, Chu ML, Lanig H, von der Mark K. Functional consequence of fibulin-4 missense mutations associated with vascular and skeletal abnormalities and cutis laxa. Matrix Biol 2016; 56:132-149. [PMID: 27339457 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibulin-4 is a 60kDa calcium binding glycoprotein that has an important role in development and integrity of extracellular matrices. It interacts with elastin, fibrillin-1 and collagen IV as well as with lysyl oxidases and is involved in elastogenesis and cross-link formation. To date, several mutations in the fibulin-4 gene (FBLN4/EFEMP2) are known in patients whose major symptoms are vascular deformities, aneurysm, cutis laxa, joint laxity, or arachnodactyly. The pathogenetic mechanisms how these mutations translate into the clinical phenotype are, however, poorly understood. In order to elucidate these mechanisms, we expressed fibulin-4 mutants recombinantly in HEK293 cells, purified the proteins in native forms and analyzed alterations in protein synthesis, secretion, matrix assembly, and interaction with other proteins in relation to wild type fibulin-4. Our studies show that different mutations affect these properties in multiple ways, resulting in fibulin-4 deficiency and/or impaired ability to form elastic fibers. The substitutions E126K and C267Y impaired secretion of the protein, but not mRNA synthesis. Furthermore, the E126K mutant showed less resistance to proteases, reduced binding to collagen IV and fibrillin-1, as well as to LTBP1s and LTBP4s. The A397T mutation introduced an extra O-glycosylation site and deleted binding to LTBP1s. We show that fibulin-4 binds stronger than fibulin-3 and -5 to LTBP1s, 3, and 4s, and to the lysyl oxidases LOX and LOXL1; the binding of fibulin-4 to the LOX propeptide was strongly reduced by the mutation E57K. These findings show that different mutations in the fibulin-4 gene result in different molecular defects affecting secretion rates, protein stability, LOX-induced cross-linking, or binding to other ECM components and molecules of the TGF-β pathway, and thus illustrate the complex role of fibulin-4 in connective tissue assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Sasaki
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Y Sakai
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ewald Hannappel
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mon-Li Chu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Harald Lanig
- Central Institute for Scientific Computing (ZISC), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus von der Mark
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Forelimb contractures and abnormal tendon collagen fibrillogenesis in fibulin-4 null mice. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:637-646. [PMID: 26711913 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-4 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein essential for elastic fiber formation. Mice deficient in fibulin-4 die perinatally because of severe pulmonary and vascular defects associated with the lack of intact elastic fibers. Patients with fibulin-4 mutations demonstrate similar defects, and a significant number die shortly after birth or in early childhood from cardiopulmonary failure. The patients also demonstrate skeletal and other systemic connective tissue abnormalities, including joint laxity and flexion contractures of the wrist. A fibulin-4 null mouse strain was generated and used to analyze the roles of fibulin-4 in tendon fibrillogenesis. This mouse model displayed bilateral forelimb contractures, in addition to pulmonary and cardiovascular defects. The forelimb and hindlimb tendons exhibited disruption in collagen fibrillogenesis in the absence of fibulin-4 as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Fewer fibrils were assembled, and fibrils were disorganized compared with wild-type controls. The organization of developing tenocytes and compartmentalization of the extracellular space was also disrupted. Fibulin-4 was co-localized with fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 in limb tendons by using immunofluorescence microscopy. Thus, fibulin-4 seems to play a role in regulating tendon collagen fibrillogenesis, in addition to its essential function in elastogenesis.
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