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Sani MA, Rajput S, Keizer DW, Separovic F. NMR techniques for investigating antimicrobial peptides in model membranes and bacterial cells. Methods 2024; 224:10-20. [PMID: 38295893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPs are short, mainly cationic membrane-active peptides found in all living organism. They perform diverse roles including signaling and acting as a line of defense against bacterial infections. AMPs have been extensively investigated as templates to facilitate the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Understanding the interplay between these membrane-active peptides and the lipid membranes is considered to be a significant step in elucidating the specific mechanism of action of AMPs against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to aid the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of various NMR techniques commonly used for studying AMP structure and AMP-membrane interactions in model membranes and whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sunnia Rajput
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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2
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Kumar G, Engle K. Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1608-1646. [PMID: 37326041 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi and the treatment of nonmicrobial diseases have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial wall is a complex structure consisting of the cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and various associated polymers. The enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis are established antibiotic targets and continue to be a central focus for antibiotic development. Natural products play a vital role in drug discovery and development. Importantly, natural products provide a starting point for active/lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. Notably, microorganisms and plant metabolites have contributed as antibiotics for noninfectious diseases. In this study, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the activity of the drugs or agents of natural origin that directly inhibit the bacterial membrane, membrane components, and membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins. We also discussed the unique aspects of the active mechanisms of established antibiotics or new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
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3
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Gori A, Lodigiani G, Colombarolli SG, Bergamaschi G, Vitali A. Cell Penetrating Peptides: Classification, Mechanisms, Methods of Study, and Applications. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300236. [PMID: 37389978 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) encompass a class of peptides that possess the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes and deliver various types of cargoes, including drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, into cells. For this reason, CPPs are largely investigated in drug delivery applications in the context of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. While sharing this functionality and some common structural features, such as a high content of positively charged amino acids, CPPs represent an extremely diverse group of elements, which can differentiate under many aspects. In this review, we summarize the most common characteristics of CPPs, introduce their main distinctive features, mechanistic aspects that drive their function, and outline the most widely used techniques for their structural and functional studies. We highlight current gaps and future perspectives in this field, which have the potential to significantly impact the future field of drug delivery and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Stella G Colombarolli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
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4
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Okebiorun M, Oberbeck C, Waite C, Clark S, Miller D, Barney Smith EH, Cornell KA, Browning J. Selective Optical Imaging for Detection of Bacterial Biofilms in Tissues. J Imaging 2023; 9:160. [PMID: 37623692 PMCID: PMC10455256 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9080160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The development of an imaging technique to accurately identify biofilm regions on tissues and in wounds is crucial for the implementation of precise surface-based treatments, leading to better patient outcomes and reduced chances of infection. AIM The goal of this study was to develop an imaging technique that relies on selective trypan blue (TB) staining of dead cells, necrotic tissues, and bacterial biofilms, to identify biofilm regions on tissues and wounds. APPROACH The study explored combinations of ambient multi-colored LED lights to obtain maximum differentiation between stained biofilm regions and the underlying chicken tissue or glass substrate during image acquisition. The TB imaging results were then visually and statistically compared to fluorescence images using a shape similarity measure. RESULTS The comparisons between the proposed TB staining method and the fluorescence standard used to detect biofilms on tissues and glass substrates showed up to 97 percent similarity, suggesting that the TB staining method is a promising technique for identifying biofilm regions. CONCLUSIONS The TB staining method demonstrates significant potential as an effective imaging technique for the identification of fluorescing and non-fluorescing biofilms on tissues and in wounds. This approach could lead to improved precision in surface-based treatments and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Okebiorun
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Cody Oberbeck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA or (E.H.B.S.)
| | - Cameron Waite
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Samuel Clark
- Department of Mathematics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Dalton Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA (K.A.C.)
| | - Elisa H. Barney Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA or (E.H.B.S.)
- Autonomous Systems and Software Program, Luleå Tekniska Universitet, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kenneth A. Cornell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA (K.A.C.)
| | - Jim Browning
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA or (E.H.B.S.)
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5
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Nyembe PL, Ntombela T, Makatini MM. Review: Structure-Activity Relationship of Antimicrobial Peptoids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051506. [PMID: 37242748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic analogs have emerged as prospective therapies for treating illnesses brought on by multi-drug resistant pathogens. To overcome the limitations of AMPs, such as protease degradation, oligo-N-substituted glycines (peptoids) are a promising alternative. Despite having the same backbone atom sequence as natural peptides, peptoid structures are more stable because, unlike AMP, their functional side chains are attached to the backbone nitrogen (N)-atom rather than the alpha carbon atom. As a result, peptoid structures are less susceptible to proteolysis and enzymatic degradation. The advantages of AMPs, such as hydrophobicity, cationic character, and amphipathicity, are mimicked by peptoids. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) have shown that tuning the structure of peptoids is a crucial step in developing effective antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla L Nyembe
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Maya M Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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6
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Doolan JA, Williams GT, Hilton KLF, Chaudhari R, Fossey JS, Goult BT, Hiscock JR. Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8696-8755. [PMID: 36190355 PMCID: PMC9575517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050. Already heralded as one of the greatest threats to human health, the onset of the coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections due to factors including increased global antibiotic/antimicrobial use. Thus an urgent need for novel therapeutics to combat what some have termed the 'silent pandemic' is evident. This review acts as a repository of research and an overview of the novel therapeutic strategies being developed to overcome antimicrobial resistance, with a focus on self-assembling systems and nanoscale materials. The fundamental mechanisms of action, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and attention is drawn to key examples within each field. As a result, this review provides a guide to the further design and development of antimicrobial systems, and outlines the interdisciplinary techniques required to translate this fundamental research towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Doolan
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rajas Chaudhari
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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7
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Kumari S, Morrow MR, Booth V. Role of lipopolysaccharide in antimicrobial and cell penetrating peptide membrane interactions probed by deuterium NMR of whole cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022:184053. [PMID: 36155053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how non-lipid components of bacteria affect antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-induced membrane disruption is important for a comprehensive understanding of AMP mechanisms and informing AMP-based drug development. This study investigates how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects membrane disruption by the AMP MSI-78 and compares the results to the effect of TP2, a cell-penetrating peptide that crosses membrane bilayers without permeabilizing them. We destabilize the LPS layer of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells via chelation of the stabilizing divalent cations. 2H NMR spectra of E. coli demonstrate that EDTA concentrations of 2.5 mM and 9.0 mM alone have very minor effects on lipid acyl chain order. Interestingly, we find that E. coli pre-treated with 9.0 mM EDTA before treatment with MSI-78 are more sensitive to AMP-induced acyl chain disruption, indicating that intact LPS reduces MSI-78-induced membrane disruption in E. coli. Surprisingly, we also found that at the level of 2H NMR, the peptide-induced acyl chain disruption is similar for MSI-78 and TP2, although MSI-78 permeabilizes the bilayer and TP2 does not. Furthermore, LPS disruption appears to protect the bacteria from TP2, although it sensitizes them to MSI-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Michael R Morrow
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada.
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8
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Kumari S, Morrow MR, Booth V. Role of lipopolysaccharide in antimicrobial and cell penetrating peptide membrane interactions probed by deuterium NMR of whole cells. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100057. [PMID: 37082590 PMCID: PMC10074874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how non-lipid components of bacteria affect antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-induced membrane disruption is important for a comprehensive understanding of AMP mechanisms and informing AMP-based drug development. This study investigates how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects membrane disruption by the AMP MSI-78 and compares the results to the effect of TP2, a cell-penetrating peptide that crosses membrane bilayers without permeabilizing them. We destabilize the LPS layer of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells via chelation of the stabilizing divalent cations. 2H NMR spectra of E. coli demonstrate that EDTA concentrations of 2.5 mM and 9.0 mM alone have very minor effects on lipid acyl chain order. Interestingly, we find that E. coli pre-treated with 9.0 mM EDTA before treatment with MSI-78 are more sensitive to AMP-induced acyl chain disruption, indicating that intact LPS reduces MSI-78-induced membrane disruption in E. coli. Surprisingly, we also found that at the level of 2H_NMR, the peptide-induced acyl chain disruption is similar for MSI-78 and TP2, although MSI-78 permeabilizes the bilayer and TP2 does not. Furthermore, LPS disruption appears to protect the bacteria from TP2, although it sensitizes them to MSI-78.
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9
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Xiao L, Yang X, Li J, Zhang P, Tang S, Cao D, Chen S, Li H, Zhang W, Chen G, Ni G, Wang T, Liu X. Caerin 1 Peptides, the Potential Jack-of-All-Trades for the Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infection Treatment and Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7841219. [PMID: 35445137 PMCID: PMC9015854 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7841219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance-related bacterial infections and cancers become huge challenges in human health in the 21st century. A number of naturally derived antimicrobial peptides possess multiple functions in host defense, including anti-infective and anticancer activities. One of which is known as the caerin 1 family peptides. The microbicidal properties of these peptides have been long discussed. The recent studies also established the usage of two members in this family, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, in antimultiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria species. It is increasingly evident that caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9 also contain additional activities in the suppression of tumor. In this review, we briefly outline the therapeutic potentials and possible mechanism of action of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 in the treatment of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Zhongao Biomedical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junjie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shuxian Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Dongmin Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Hejie Li
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Zhongao Biomedical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
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10
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Separovic F, Hofferek V, Duff AP, McConville MJ, Sani MA. In-cell DNP NMR reveals multiple targeting effect of antimicrobial peptide. J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100074. [PMID: 36147732 PMCID: PMC9486116 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNP NMR allowed simultaneous monitoring of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of E. coli cells. The bacterial stress response against an antimicrobial peptide was measured in situ. The antimicrobial peptide maculatin 1.1 significantly compacted nucleic acids in bacteria. Maculatin 1.1 prevented salt bridges forming between membrane lipids.
Dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) maculatin 1.1 on E. coli cells. The enhanced 15N NMR signals from nucleic acids, proteins and lipids identified a number of unanticipated physiological responses to peptide stress, revealing that membrane-active AMPs can have a multi-target impact on E. coli cells. DNP-enhanced 15N-observed 31P-dephased REDOR NMR allowed monitoring how Mac1 induced DNA condensation and prevented intermolecular salt bridges between the main E. coli lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. The latter was supported by similar results obtained using E. coli PE lipid systems. Overall, the ability to monitor the action of antimicrobial peptides in situ will provide greater insight into their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Duff
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Malcom J. McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Jung K, Corrigan N, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Bioactive Synthetic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105063. [PMID: 34611948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are omnipresent in society as textiles and packaging materials, in construction and medicine, among many other important applications. Alternatively, natural polymers play a crucial role in sustaining life and allowing organisms to adapt to their environments by performing key biological functions such as molecular recognition and transmission of genetic information. In general, the synthetic and natural polymer worlds are completely separated due to the inability for synthetic polymers to perform specific biological functions; in some cases, synthetic polymers cause uncontrolled and unwanted biological responses. However, owing to the advancement of synthetic polymerization techniques in recent years, new synthetic polymers have emerged that provide specific biological functions such as targeted molecular recognition of peptides, or present antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In this review, the emergence of this generation of bioactive synthetic polymers and their bioapplications are summarized. Finally, the future opportunities in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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12
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Manrique-Moreno M, Santa-González G, Gallego V. Bioactive cationic peptides as potential agents for breast cancer treatment. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211218C. [PMID: 34874400 PMCID: PMC8655503 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women worldwide, and the number of new cases dramatically increases every year. The physiological causes behind the disease are still not fully understood. One in every 100 cases can occur in men, and although the frequency is lower than among women, men tend to have a worse prognosis of the disease. Various therapeutic alternatives to combat the disease are available. These depend on the type and progress of the disease, and include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and cancer immunotherapy. However, there are several well-reported side effects of these treatments that have a significant impact on life quality, and patients either relapse or are refractory to treatment. This makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. One promising initiative are bioactive peptides, which have emerged in recent years as a family of compounds with an enormous number of clinical applications due to their broad spectrum of activity. They are widely distributed in several organisms as part of their immune system. The antitumoral activity of these peptides lies in a nonspecific mechanism of action associated with their interaction with cancer cell membranes, inducing, through several routes, bilayer destabilization and cell death. This review provides an overview of the literature on the evaluation of cationic peptides as potential agents against breast cancer under different study phases. First, physicochemical characteristics such as the primary structure and charge are presented. Secondly, information about dosage, the experimental model used, and the mechanism of action proposed for the peptides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Antioquia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnólogico Metropolitano, A.A. 54959, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Gallego
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin, Antioquia
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13
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Timmons PB, Hewage CM. Conformation and membrane interaction studies of the potent antimicrobial and anticancer peptide palustrin-Ca. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22468. [PMID: 34789753 PMCID: PMC8599514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Palustrin-Ca (GFLDIIKDTGKEFAVKILNNLKCKLAGGCPP) is a host defence peptide with potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities, first isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus. The peptide is 31 amino acid residues long, cationic and amphipathic. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterise its three-dimensional structure in a 50/50% water/2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{26}$$\end{document}26, and a cyclic disulfide-bridged domain at the C-terminal end of the peptide sequence, between residues 23 and 29. A molecular dynamics simulation was employed to model the peptide’s interactions with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, a widely used bacterial membrane-mimicking environment. Throughout the simulation, the peptide was found to maintain its \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α-helical conformation between residues Ile\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{6}$$\end{document}6-Ala\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{26}$$\end{document}26, while adopting a position parallel to the surface to micelle, which is energetically-favourable due to many hydrophobic and electrostatic contacts with the micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Timmons
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Chandralal M Hewage
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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14
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Host Defense Peptides: Dual Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011172. [PMID: 34681833 PMCID: PMC8538224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has once again caused bacterial infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing as well as immunomodulatory properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory activity). HDPs may hence provide a more robust treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, the advent of and the mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will be described. HDP mechanisms of antibacterial and immunomodulatory action will be presented, with specific examples of how the HDP aurein 2.2 and a few of its derivatives, namely peptide 73 and cG4L73, function. Finally, resistance that may arise from a broader use of HDPs in a clinical setting and methods to improve biocompatibility will be briefly discussed.
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15
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Abstract
Injudicious consumption of antibiotics in the past few decades has arisen the problem of resistance in pathogenic organisms against most antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Scenarios of treatment failure are becoming more common in hospitals. This situation demands the frequent need for new antimicrobial compounds which may have other mechanisms of action from those which are in current use. Limonene can be utilized as one of the solutions to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene with a lemon-like odor, which mainly present in the peels of citrus plants like lemon, orange, grapefruit, etc. The study aimed to enlighten the antimicrobial properties of limonene as per previous literature. Advantageous contributions have been made by various research groups in the study of the antimicrobial properties of limonene. Previous studies have shown that limonene not only inhibits disease-causing pathogenic microbes, however, it also protects various food products from potential contaminants. This review article contains information about the effectiveness of limonene as an antimicrobial agent. Apart from antimicrobial property, some other uses of limonene are also discussed such as its role as fragrance and flavor additive, as in the formation of nonalcoholic beverages, as solvent and cleaner in the petroleum industry, and as a pesticide. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-biofilm properties of limonene may help it to be used in the future as a potential antimicrobial agent with minimal adverse effects. Some of the recent studies also showed the action of limonene against COVID-19 (Coronavirus). However, additional studies are requisite to scrutinize the possible mechanism of antimicrobial action of limonene.
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16
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Batista Martins D, Fadel V, Oliveira FD, Gaspar D, Alvares DS, Castanho MARB, Dos Santos Cabrera MP. Protonectin peptides target lipids, act at the interface and selectively kill metastatic breast cancer cells while preserving morphological integrity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:517-530. [PMID: 34090029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the need for innovative compounds as antimicrobial and anticancer agents, natural sources of peptides remain underexplored. Protonectin (PTN), a cationic dodecapeptide of pharmacological interest, presents large hydrophobicity that is associated with the tendency to aggregate and supposedly influences bioactivity. A disaggregating role was assigned to PTN' N-terminal fragment (PTN1-6), which enhances the bioactivity of PTN in a 1:1 mixture (PTN/PTN1-6). Spectroscopic techniques and model membranes (phospholipid bilayers and SDS micelles) revealed that environment-dependent aggregation is reduced for PTN/PTN1-6, but cytotoxicity of PTNs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer showed the same CC50 values around 16 µM and on MCF-10A epithelial breast cells 6 to 5-fold higher values, revealing a selective interaction. Since PTN1-6 lacks activity on breast cells, its presence should differently affect PTN activity, suggesting that aggregation could modulate activity depending on the membrane characteristics. Indeed, increased partitioning and lytic activity of PTN/PTN1-6 were found in model membranes independently of charge density, but affected by the curvature tendency. PTN and PTN/PTN1-6 do not alter morphology and roughness of cancer cells, indicating a superficial interaction with membranes and consistent with results obtained in NMR experiments. Our results indicate that aggregation of PTNs depends on the membrane characteristics and modulates the activity of the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danubia Batista Martins
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valmir Fadel
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipa D Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dayane S Alvares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcia Perez Dos Santos Cabrera
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Zhu S, Li W, O'Brien-Simpson N, Separovic F, Sani MA. C-terminus amidation influences biological activity and membrane interaction of maculatin 1.1. Amino Acids 2021; 53:769-777. [PMID: 33891157 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides have been investigated for their potential use in combating infections by targeting the cell membrane of microbes. Their unique chemical structure has been investigated to understand their mode of action and optimize their dose-response by rationale design. One common feature among cationic AMPs is an amidated C-terminus that provides greater stability against in vivo degradation. This chemical modification also likely modulates the interaction with the cell membrane of bacteria yet few studies have been performed comparing the effect of the capping groups. We used maculatin 1.1 (Mac1) to assess the role of the capping groups in modulating the peptide bacterial efficiency, stability and interactions with lipid membranes. Circular dichroism results showed that C-terminus amidation maintains the structural stability of the peptide (α-helix) in contact with micelles. Dye leakage experiments revealed that amidation of the C-terminus resulted in higher membrane disruptive ability while bacteria and cell viability assays revealed that the amidated form displayed higher antibacterial ability and cytotoxicity compared to the acidic form of Mac1. Furthermore, 31P and 2H solid-state NMR showed that C-terminus amidation played a greater role in disturbance of the phospholipid headgroup but had little effect on the lipid tails. This study paves the way to better understand how membrane-active AMPs act in live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Neil O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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18
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Zhu S, Weber DK, Separovic F, Sani MA. Expression and purification of the native C-amidated antimicrobial peptide maculatin 1.1. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3330. [PMID: 33843136 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maculatin 1.1 (Mac1) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from an Australian tree frog and exhibits low micromolar activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of Mac1 are linked to its disruption of bacterial lipid membranes, which has been studied extensively by in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and biophysical approaches. Although in vivo NMR has recently proven effective in probing peptide-lipid interplay in live bacterial cells, direct structural characterisation of AMPs has been prohibited by low sensitivity and overwhelming background noise. To overcome this issue, we report a recombinant expression protocol to produce isotopically enriched Mac1. We utilized a double-fusion construct to alleviate toxicity against the Escherichia coli host and generate the native N-free and C-amidated termini Mac1 peptide. The SUMO and intein tags allowed native N-terminus and C-terminal amidation, respectively, to be achieved in a one-pot reaction. The protocol yielded 0.1 mg/L of native, uniformly 15 N-labelled, Mac1, which possessed identical structure and activity to peptide obtained by solid-phase peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel K Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Benfield AH, Henriques ST. Mode-of-Action of Antimicrobial Peptides: Membrane Disruption vs. Intracellular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:610997. [PMID: 35047892 PMCID: PMC8757789 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.610997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics, due to their physicochemical properties, activity toward a broad spectrum of bacteria, and mode-of-actions distinct from those used by current antibiotics. In general, antimicrobial peptides kill bacteria by either disrupting their membrane, or by entering inside bacterial cells to interact with intracellular components. Characterization of their mode-of-action is essential to improve their activity, avoid resistance in bacterial pathogens, and accelerate their use as therapeutics. Here we review experimental biophysical tools that can be employed with model membranes and bacterial cells to characterize the mode-of-action of antimicrobial peptides.
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20
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Membrane-Targeting Triphenylphosphonium Functionalized Ciprofloxacin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110758. [PMID: 33143023 PMCID: PMC7693559 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a severe problem for public health. Developing new antibiotics for MDR bacteria is difficult, from inception to the clinically approved stage. Here, we have used a new approach, modification of an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CFX), with triphenylphosphonium (TPP, PPh3) moiety via ester- (CFX-ester-PPh3) and amide-coupling (CFX-amide-PPh3) to target bacterial membranes. In this study, we have evaluated the antibacterial activities of CFX and its derivatives against 16 species of bacteria, including MDR bacteria, using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, morphological monitoring, and expression of resistance-related genes. TPP-conjugated CFX, CFX-ester-PPh3, and CFX-amide-PPh3 showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, including MDR S. aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) strains. The MRSA ST5 5016 strain showed high antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 11.12 µg/mL for CFX-ester-PPh3 and 2.78 µg/mL for CFX-amide-PPh3. The CFX derivatives inhibited biofilm formation in MRSA by more than 74.9% of CFX-amide-PPh3. In the sub-MIC, CFX derivatives induced significant morphological changes in MRSA, including irregular deformation and membrane disruption, accompanied by a decrease in the level of resistance-related gene expression. With these promising results, this method is very likely to combat MDR bacteria through a simple TPP moiety modification of known antibiotics, which can be readily prepared at clinical sites.
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21
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Le Brun AP, Zhu S, Sani MA, Separovic F. The Location of the Antimicrobial Peptide Maculatin 1.1 in Model Bacterial Membranes. Front Chem 2020; 8:572. [PMID: 32733854 PMCID: PMC7358649 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maculatin 1.1 (Mac1) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from the skin secretions of Australian tree frogs. In this work, the interaction of Mac1 with anionic phospholipid bilayers was investigated by NMR, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, neutron reflectometry (NR) and molecular dynamics (MD). In buffer, the peptide is unstructured but in the presence of anionic (DPC/LMPG) micelles or (DMPC/DMPG/DHPC) bicelles adopts a helical structure. Addition of the soluble paramagnetic agent gadolinium (Gd-DTPA) into the Mac1-DPC/LMPG micelle solution showed that the N-terminus is more exposed to the hydrophilic Gd-DTPA than the C-terminus in micelles. 2H and 31P solid-state NMR showed that Mac1 had a greater effect on the anionic lipid (DMPG). A deuterium labeled Mac1 used in NR experiments indicated that the AMP spanned across anionic (PC/PG) bilayers, which was compatible with MD simulations. Simulations also showed that Mac1 orientation remained transmembrane in bilayers and wrapped on the surface of the micelles regardless of the lipid or detergent charge. Thus, the peptide orientation appears to be more susceptible to curvature than charged surface. These results support the formation of transmembrane pores by Mac1 in model bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide (Kassinatuerin-3) Isolated from the Skin Secretion of the African Frog, Kassina senegalensis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070148. [PMID: 32630734 PMCID: PMC7408539 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretions are remarkable sources of novel bioactive peptides. Among these, antimicrobial peptides have demonstrated an outstanding efficacy in killing microorganisms via a general membranolytic mechanism, which may offer the prospect of solving specific target-driven antibiotic resistance. Here, the discovery of a novel defensive peptide is described from the skin secretion of the African frog, Kassina senegalensis. Named kassinatuerin-3, it was identified through a combination of “shot-gun” cloning and MS/MS fragmentation sequencing. Subsequently, a synthetic replicate was subjected to biofunctional evaluation. The results indicated that kassinatuerin-3 possessed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria but no effect against Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, it was active in biofilm eradication on S. aureus and MRSA and in the antiproliferation of selected cancer cell lines. Moreover, it had a very mild hemolytic effect, which demonstrated a high therapeutic index for kassinatuerin-3. Collectively, although kassinatuerin-3 did not demonstrate remarkable bioactivities compared with other natural or synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), it offered a new insight into the design of antimicrobial derivatives.
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23
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Bagheri M, Nikolenko H, Arasteh S, Rezaei N, Behzadi M, Dathe M, Hancock REW. Bacterial Aggregation Triggered by Fibril Forming Tryptophan-Rich Sequences: Effects of Peptide Side Chain and Membrane Phospholipids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26852-26867. [PMID: 32422035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of side chain residue and phospholipid characteristics of the cytoplasmic membrane upon the fibrillation and bacterial aggregation of arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has not been well described to date. Here, we utilized the structural advantages of HHC-10 and 4HarHHC-10 (Har, l-homoarginine) that are highly active Trp-rich AMPs and investigated their fibril formation and activity behavior against bacteria. The peptides revealed time-dependent self-assembly of polyproline II (PPII) α-helices, but by comparison, 4HarHHC-10 tended to form higher ordered fibrils due to relatively strong cation-π stacking of Trp with Har residue. Both peptides rapidly killed S. aureus and E. coli at their MICs and caused aggregation of bacteria at higher concentrations. This bacterial aggregation was accompanied by the formation of morphologically distinct electron-dense nanostructures, likely including but not limited to peptides alone. Both HHC-10-derived peptides caused blebs and buds in the E. coli membrane that are rich in POPE phospholipid that promotes negative curvature. However, the main population of S. aureus cells retained their cocci structure upon treatment with HHC peptides even at concentration higher than the MICs. In contrast, the cell aggregation was not induced by HHC fibrils that were most likely stabilized through intra-/intermolecular cation-π stacking. It is proposed that masking of these interactions might have resulted in diminished membrane association/insertion of the HHC nanostructures. The peptides caused aggregation of POPC/POPG (1/3) and POPE/POPG (3/1) liposomes. Nonetheless, disaggregation of the former vesicles was observed at ratios of lipid to peptide of greater than 6 and 24 for HHC-10 and 4HarHHC-10, respectively. Collectively, our results revealed dose-dependent bacterial aggregation mediated by Trp-rich AMPs that was profoundly influenced by the degree of peptide's self-association and the composition and intrinsic curvature of the cytoplasmic membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bagheri
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Heike Nikolenko
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction, Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shima Arasteh
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Rezaei
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Behzadi
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335 Tehran, Iran
| | - Margitta Dathe
- Peptide-Lipid Interaction, Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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24
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Insights into the mechanism of action of two analogues of aurein 2.2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Martins DB, Pacca CC, da Silva AMB, de Souza BM, de Almeida MTG, Palma MS, Arcisio-Miranda M, Dos Santos Cabrera MP. Comparing activity, toxicity and model membrane interactions of Jelleine-I and Trp/Arg analogs: analysis of peptide aggregation. Amino Acids 2020; 52:725-741. [PMID: 32367434 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing resistance in antibiotic and chemotherapeutic treatments has been pushing studies of design and evaluation of bioactive peptides. Designing relies on different approaches from minimalist sequences and endogenous peptides modifications to computational libraries. Evaluation relies on microbiological tests. Aiming a deeper understanding, we chose the octapeptide Jelleine-I (JI) for its selective and low toxicity profile, designed small modifications combining the substitutions of Phe by Trp and Lys/His by Arg and tested the antimicrobial and anticancer activity on melanoma cells. Biophysical methods identified environment-dependent modulation of aggregation, but critical aggregation concentrations of JI and analogs in buffer show that peptides start membrane interactions as monomers. The presence of model membranes increases or reduces the partial aggregation of peptides. Compared to JI, analog JIF2WR shows the lowest tendency to aggregation on bacterial model membranes. JI and analogs are lytic to model membranes. Their composition-dependent performance indicates preference for the higher charged anionic bilayers in line with their superior performance toward Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. JIF2WR presented the higher partitioning, higher lytic activity and lower aggregated contents. Despite these increased membranolytic activities, JIF2WR exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity in relation to JI at the expenses of some loss in selectivity. We found that the substitution Phe/Trp (JIF2W) tends to decrease antimicrobial but to increase anticancer activity and aggregation on model membranes and the toxicity toward human cells. However, the concomitant substitution Lys/His by Arg (JIF2WR) modulates some of these tendencies, increasing both the antimicrobial and the anticancer activity while decreasing the aggregation tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danubia Batista Martins
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | - Annielle Mendes Brito da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Edifício ECB, 7º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Monson de Souza
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Câmpus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida
- Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Câmpus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Arcisio-Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Edifício ECB, 7º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Marcia Perez Dos Santos Cabrera
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (Ibilce), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
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26
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Sani MA, Le Brun AP, Separovic F. The antimicrobial peptide maculatin self assembles in parallel to form a pore in phospholipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Karas JA, Keizer DW, Sani MA. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Peptide FRANCESSEPAROVIC. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an eminent ambassador of STEM and renowned NMR spectroscopist, Frances Separovic is an internationally famous name, but could it also be a valuable membrane-active peptide sequence? Her name has been used as an amino acid sequence (FS), successfully synthesised, oxidised, and put into contact with membrane models to investigate any serendipitous activity. The 3D structure of the cyclic FS was determined in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by solution NMR spectroscopy. FS displayed a twisted bend separating a helical stretch and an unstructured segment. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, the effect of FS on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DMPS) lipid bilayers was studied. FS did not strongly disturb the neutral membrane surface but likely inserted into their hydrophobic core without a strong effect on the lipid dynamics, while perturbation of the negatively charged membranes remained at the headgroup interface with a strong effect on the lipid dynamics. This study demonstrated that FS is a candidate for discovering potential future therapeutic activities.
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Henriques ST, Peacock H, Benfield AH, Wang CK, Craik DJ. Is the Mirror Image a True Reflection? Intrinsic Membrane Chirality Modulates Peptide Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20460-20469. [PMID: 31765148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptides with pharmaceutical activities are attractive drug leads, and knowledge of their mode-of-action is essential for translation into the clinic. Comparison of native and enantiomeric peptides has long been used as a powerful approach to discriminate membrane- or receptor-mediated modes-of-action on the basis of the assumption that interactions with cell membranes are independent of peptide chirality. Here, we revisit this paradigm with the cyclotide kalata B1, a drug scaffold with intrinsic membrane-binding activity whose enantiomer is less potent than native peptide. To investigate this chirality dependence, we compared peptide-lipid binding using mirror image model membranes. We synthesized phospholipids with non-natural chirality and demonstrate that native kalata B1 binds with higher affinity to phospholipids with chirality found in eukaryotic membranes. This study shows for the first time that the chiral environment of lipid bilayers can modulate the function of membrane-active peptides and challenges the view that peptide-lipid interactions are achiral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4102 , Australia
| | - Hayden Peacock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Aurélie H Benfield
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4102 , Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Sani MA, Zhu S, Hofferek V, Separovic F. Nitroxide spin-labeled peptides for DNP-NMR in-cell studies. FASEB J 2019; 33:11021-11027. [PMID: 31284743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900931r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that target lipid membranes show promise as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. However, the molecular mechanisms of membrane perturbation, as most studies are performed in model systems and in-cell structural studies, have yet to be achieved. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a valuable technique to investigate peptide-membrane interactions and to determine the structure of peptides, but the short lifespan of bacteria, especially under magic angle spinning conditions, has not permitted in-cell structural studies. Here, we present the first dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-NMR in-cell studies of Escherichia coli bacteria incubated with the AMP maculatin 1.1 (Mac1) in combination with novel nitroxide spin-labeled peptides 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC)-[F3W]-Mac1 (MacW) and TOAC-TOAC-MacW. The in-cell 13C and 15N signal NMR enhancements, and 1H spin-lattice T1 relaxation times showed that TOAC-MacW and TOAC-TOAC-MacW performed better than the more hydrophilic biradical AMUPol used for DNP studies. Furthermore, the pores formed by the AMP increased the signal enhancements and decreased T1 values of specifically 13C- and 15N-labeled Mac1. This approach has a great potential for determining the first in situ structures of AMPs in bacteria.-Sani, M.-A., Zhu, S., Hofferek, V., Separovic, F. Nitroxide spin-labeled peptides for DNP-NMR in-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Streamlined assessment of membrane permeability and its application to membrane engineering of Escherichia coli for octanoic acid tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:843-853. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The economic viability of bio-production processes is often limited by damage to the microbial cell membrane and thus there is a demand for strategies to increase the robustness of the cell membrane. Damage to the microbial membrane is also a common mode of action by antibiotics. Membrane-impermeable DNA-binding dyes are often used to assess membrane integrity in conjunction with flow cytometry. We demonstrate that in situ assessment of the membrane permeability of E. coli to SYTOX Green is consistent with flow cytometry, with the benefit of lower experimental intensity, lower cost, and no need for a priori selection of sampling times. This method is demonstrated by the characterization of four membrane engineering strategies (deletion of aas, deletion of cfa, increased expression of cfa, and deletion of bhsA) for their effect on octanoic acid tolerance, with the finding that deletion of bhsA increased tolerance and substantially decreased membrane leakage.
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Bhattacharyya D, Kim M, Mroue KH, Park M, Tiwari A, Saleem M, Lee D, Bhunia A. Role of non-electrostatic forces in antimicrobial potency of a dengue-virus derived fusion peptide VG16KRKP: Mechanistic insight into the interfacial peptide-lipid interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:798-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Amaral VSG, Fernandes CM, Felício MR, Valle AS, Quintana PG, Almeida CC, Barreto-Bergter E, Gonçalves S, Santos NC, Kurtenbach E. Psd2 pea defensin shows a preference for mimetic membrane rafts enriched with glucosylceramide and ergosterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:713-728. [PMID: 30639288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psd2 is a pea defensin with 47 amino acid residues that inhibits the growth of fungal species by an uncharacterized mechanism. In this work, Psd2 interactions with model membranes mimicking the lipid compositions of different organisms were evaluated. Protein-lipid overlay assays indicated that Psd2 recognizes Fusarium solani glucosylceramide (GlcCerF.solani) and ergosterol (Erg) in addition to phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and some phosphatidylinositol species, such as PtdIns (3)P, (5)P and (3,5)P2, suggesting that these lipids may play important roles as Psd2 targets. Assays using lipid vesicles were also performed to study the behaviour and dynamics that occur after peptide-membrane interactions. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that Psd2 has a higher affinity for pure POPC and POPC-based vesicles containing GlcCer and Erg at a 70:30 proportion than for vesicles containing cholesterol (Chol). Partition experiments by fluorescence spectroscopy showed a decrease in Trp42 quantum yield of Psd2 in the presence of GlcCerF.solani and Erg, individually or in simultaneously enriched membranes. The partition coefficient (Kp) obtained indicated a Psd2 partition preference for this vesicles, confirmed by quenching assays using acrylamide and 5/16-doxyl-stearic acid. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of C8C9 double bonds and a methyl group at position C9 of the sphingoid base backbone of GlcCer was relevant to Psd2 activity against Aspergillus nidulans. These results are consistent with the selectivity of Psd2 against fungi and its lack of toxicity in human erythrocytes. Psd2 represents a promising natural compound for the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sara Grancieri Amaral
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mário R Felício
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aline Sol Valle
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula G Quintana
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Correa Almeida
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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NMR model structure of the antimicrobial peptide maximin 3. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:203-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Overall SA, Zhu S, Hanssen E, Separovic F, Sani MA. In Situ Monitoring of Bacteria under Antimicrobial Stress Using 31P Solid-State NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010181. [PMID: 30621328 PMCID: PMC6337522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In-cell NMR offers great insight into the characterization of the effect of toxins and antimicrobial peptides on intact cells. However, the complexity of intact live cells remains a significant challenge for the analysis of the effect these agents have on different cellular components. Here we show that 31P solid-state NMR can be used to quantitatively characterize the dynamic behaviour of DNA within intact live bacteria. Lipids were also identified and monitored, although 31P dynamic filtering methods indicated a range of dynamic states for phospholipid headgroups. We demonstrate the usefulness of this methodology for monitoring the activity of the antibiotic ampicillin and the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) maculatin 1.1 (Mac1.1) against Gram-negative bacteria. Perturbations in the dynamic behaviour of DNA were observed in treated cells, which indicated additional mechanisms of action for the AMP Mac1.1 not previously reported. This work highlights the value of 31P in-cell solid-state NMR as a tool for assessing the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and AMPs in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Overall
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Facility and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Cardon S, Sachon E, Carlier L, Drujon T, Walrant A, Alemán-Navarro E, Martínez-Osorio V, Guianvarc'h D, Sagan S, Fleury Y, Marquant R, Piesse C, Rosenstein Y, Auvynet C, Lacombe C. Peptidoglycan potentiates the membrane disrupting effect of the carboxyamidated form of DMS-DA6, a Gram-positive selective antimicrobial peptide isolated from Pachymedusa dacnicolor skin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205727. [PMID: 30325956 PMCID: PMC6191125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of nosocomial infections has been on the rise for the past twenty years. Notably, infections caused by the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus represent a major clinical problem, as an increase in antibiotic multi-resistant strains has accompanied this rise. There is thus a crucial need to find and characterize new antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria, and against antibiotic-resistant strains in general. We identified a new dermaseptin, DMS-DA6, produced by the skin of the Mexican frog Pachymedusa dacnicolor, with specific antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. This peptide is particularly effective against two multiple drug-resistant strains Enterococcus faecium BM4147 and Staphylococcus aureus DAR5829, and has no hemolytic activity. DMS-DA6 is naturally produced with the C-terminal carboxyl group in either the free or amide forms. By using Gram-positive model membranes and different experimental approaches, we showed that both forms of the peptide adopt an α-helical fold and have the same ability to insert into, and to disorganize a membrane composed of anionic lipids. However, the bactericidal capacity of DMS-DA6-NH2 was consistently more potent than that of DMS-DA6-OH. Remarkably, rather than resulting from the interaction with the negatively charged lipids of the membrane, or from a more stable conformation towards proteolysis, the increased capacity to permeabilize the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria of the carboxyamidated form of DMS-DA6 was found to result from its enhanced ability to interact with peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cardon
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Plate-forme Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Carlier
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Drujon
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Estefanía Alemán-Navarro
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Osorio
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LUBEM EA, IUT Quimper, Quimper, France
| | - Rodrigue Marquant
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Piesse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Plate-forme de Synthèse Peptidique, Paris, France
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Constance Auvynet
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (CA); (CL)
| | - Claire Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris Est-Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (CL)
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Zhu S, Sani M, Separovic F. Interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides from Australian frogs with lipid membranes. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhu
- School of ChemistryBio21 Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourne VIC3010 Australia
| | - Marc‐Antoine Sani
- School of ChemistryBio21 Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourne VIC3010 Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of ChemistryBio21 Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourne VIC3010 Australia
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Joshi S, Mumtaz S, Singh J, Pasha S, Mukhopadhyay K. Novel Miniature Membrane Active Lipopeptidomimetics against Planktonic and Biofilm Embedded Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1021. [PMID: 29348589 PMCID: PMC5773577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Escalating multidrug resistance and highly evolved virulence mechanisms have aggravated the clinical menace of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Towards development of economically viable staphylocidal agents here we report eight structurally novel tryptophan-arginine template based peptidomimetics. Out of the designed molecules, three lipopeptidomimetics (S-6, S-7 and S-8) containing 12-amino dodecanoic acid exhibited cell selectivity and good to potent activity against clinically relevant pathogens MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC: 1.4–22.7 μg/mL). Mechanistically, the active peptidomimetics dissipated membrane potential and caused massive permeabilization on MRSA concomitant with loss of viability. Against stationary phase MRSA under nutrient-depleted conditions, active peptidomimetics S-7 and S-8 achieved > 6 log reduction in viability upon 24 h incubation while both S-7 (at 226 μg/mL) and S-8 (at 28 μg/mL) also destroyed 48 h mature MRSA biofilm causing significant decrease in viability (p < 0.05). Encouragingly, most active peptidomimetic S-8 maintained efficacy against MRSA in presence of serum/plasma while exhibiting no increase in MIC over 17 serial passages at sub-MIC concentrations implying resistance development to be less likely. Therefore, we envisage that the current template warrants further optimization towards the development of cell selective peptidomimetics for the treatment of device associated MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Joshi
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sana Mumtaz
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Santosh Pasha
- Peptide Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Structure analysis of the membrane-bound dermcidin-derived peptide SSL-25 from human sweat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2308-2318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sani MA, Separovic F. Antimicrobial Peptide Structures: From Model Membranes to Live Cells. Chemistry 2017; 24:286-291. [PMID: 29068097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic resistance has led to a renewed interest in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that target membranes. The mode of action of AMPs involves the disruption of the lipid bilayer and leads to growth inhibition and death of the bacteria. However, details at the molecular level of how these peptides kill bacteria and the reasons for the observed differences in selectivity remain unclear. Structural information is crucial for defining the molecular mechanism by which these peptides recognize, self-assemble and interact with a particular lipid membrane. Solid-state NMR is a non-invasive technique that allows the study of the structural details of lipid-peptide and peptide-peptide interactions. Following on from studies of antibiotic and lytic peptides, gramicidin A and melittin, respectively, we investigated maculatin 1.1, an AMP from the skin of Australian tree frogs that acts against Gram-positive bacteria. By using perdeuterated phospholipids and specifically labelled peptides, 2 H, 31 P and {31 P}15 N REDOR solid-state NMR experiments have been used to localize, maculatin 1.1 in neutral and anionic model membranes. However, the structure, location and activity depend on the composition of the model membrane and current advances in solid-state NMR spectroscopy now allow structure determination of AMPs in live bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Troeira Henriques S, Lawrence N, Chaousis S, Ravipati AS, Cheneval O, Benfield AH, Elliott AG, Kavanagh AM, Cooper MA, Chan LY, Huang YH, Craik DJ. Redesigned Spider Peptide with Improved Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2324-2334. [PMID: 28741926 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gomesin, a disulfide-rich antimicrobial peptide produced by the Brazilian spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana, has been shown to be potent against Gram-negative bacteria and to possess selective anticancer properties against melanoma cells. In a recent study, a backbone cyclized analogue of gomesin was shown to be as active but more stable than its native form. In the current study, we were interested in improving the antimicrobial properties of the cyclic gomesin, understanding its selectivity toward melanoma cells and elucidating its antimicrobial and anticancer mode of action. Rationally designed analogues of cyclic gomesin were examined for their antimicrobial potency, selectivity toward cancer cells, membrane-binding affinity, and ability to disrupt cell and model membranes. We improved the activity of cyclic gomesin by ∼10-fold against tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria without increasing toxicity to human red blood cells. In addition, we showed that gomesin and its analogues are more toxic toward melanoma and leukemia cells than toward red blood cells and act by selectively targeting and disrupting cancer cell membranes. Preference toward some cancer types is likely dependent on their different cell membrane properties. Our findings highlight the potential of peptides as antimicrobial and anticancer leads and the importance of selectively targeting cancer cell membranes for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie Chaousis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anjaneya S. Ravipati
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Olivier Cheneval
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Aurélie H. Benfield
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G. Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela Maria Kavanagh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wu Y, Qiao R, Chen T, Wu J, Du S. Identification and molecular cloning of novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog ( Odorrana versabilis ) and the North American pickerel frog ( Rana palustris ). JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Sani MA, Carne S, Overall SA, Poulhazan A, Separovic F. One pathogen two stones: are Australian tree frog antimicrobial peptides synergistic against human pathogens? EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:639-646. [PMID: 28478484 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may act by targeting the lipid membranes and disrupting the bilayer structure. In this study, three AMPs from the skin of Australian tree frogs, aurein 1.2, maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1, were investigated against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and vesicles that mimic their lipid compositions. Furthermore, equimolar mixtures of the peptides were tested to identify any synergistic interactions in antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays showed significant activity against S. aureus but not against E. coli. Aurein was the least active while maculatin was the most active peptide and some synergistic effects were observed against S. aureus. Circular dichroism experiments showed that, in the presence of phospholipid vesicles, the peptides transitioned from an unstructured to a predominantly helical conformation (>50%), with greater helicity for POPG/TOCL compared to POPE/POPG vesicles. The helical content, however, was less in the presence of live E. coli and S. aureus, 25 and 5%, respectively. Equimolar concentrations of the peptides did not appear to form greater supramolecular structures. Dye release assays showed that aurein required greater concentration than caerin and maculatin to disrupt the lipid bilayers, and mixtures of the peptides did not cooperate to enhance their lytic activity. Overall, aurein, maculatin, and caerin showed moderate synergy in antimicrobial activity against S. aureus without becoming more structured or enhancement of their membrane-disrupting activity in phospholipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Siobhan Carne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Overall
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandre Poulhazan
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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43
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Dias SA, Freire JM, Pérez-Peinado C, Domingues MM, Gaspar D, Vale N, Gomes P, Andreu D, Henriques ST, Castanho MARB, Veiga AS. New Potent Membrane-Targeting Antibacterial Peptides from Viral Capsid Proteins. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 28522994 PMCID: PMC5415599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria urges the development of new antibacterial agents. With a broad spectrum activity, antimicrobial peptides have been considered potential antibacterial drug leads. Using bioinformatic tools we have previously shown that viral structural proteins are a rich source for new bioactive peptide sequences, namely antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides. Here, we test the efficacy and mechanism of action of the most promising peptides among those previously identified against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Two cell-penetrating peptides, vCPP 0769 and vCPP 2319, have high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being thus multifunctional. The antibacterial mechanism of action of the two most active viral protein-derived peptides, vAMP 059 and vCPP 2319, was studied in detail. Both peptides act on both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa, with bacterial cell death occurring within minutes. Also, these peptides cause bacterial membrane permeabilization and damage of the bacterial envelope of P. aeruginosa cells. Overall, the results show that structural viral proteins are an abundant source for membrane-active peptides sequences with strong antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - João M Freire
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal.,Department of Virology, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marco M Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana S Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
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Weber DK, Sani MA, Downton MT, Separovic F, Keene FR, Collins JG. Membrane Insertion of a Dinuclear Polypyridylruthenium(II) Complex Revealed by Solid-State NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Implications for Selective Antibacterial Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15267-15277. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Weber
- Computational
Biophysics, IBM Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- School
of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School
of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew T. Downton
- Computational
Biophysics, IBM Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- School
of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School
of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - F. Richard Keene
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - J. Grant Collins
- School
of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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45
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Bhatt J, Mukherjee A, Korde A, Kumar M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Radiolabeling and Preliminary Evaluation of Ga-68 Labeled NODAGA-Ubiquicidin Fragments for Prospective Infection Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 19:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Abstract
The structure-function relationship for a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the skin of Australian tree frogs is discussed and compared with that of peptide toxins from bee and Australian scorpion venoms. Although these membrane-active peptides induce a similar cellular fate by disrupting the lipid bilayer integrity, their lytic activity is achieved via different modes of action, which are investigated in relation to amino acid sequence, secondary structure, and membrane lipid composition. In order to better understand what structural features govern the interaction between peptides and lipid membranes, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which translocate through the membrane without compromising its integrity, are also discussed. AMPs possess membrane lytic activities that are naturally designed to target the cellular membrane of pathogens or competitors. They are extremely diverse in amino acid composition and often show specificity against a particular strain of microbe. Since our antibiotic arsenal is declining precariously in the face of the rise in multiantibiotic resistance, AMPs increasingly are seen as a promising alternative. In an effort to understand their molecular mechanism, biophysical studies of a myriad of AMPs have been reported, yet no unifying mechanism has emerged, rendering difficult the rational design of drug leads. Similarly, a wide variety of cytotoxic peptides are found in venoms, the best known being melittin, yet again, predicting their activity based on a particular amino acid composition or secondary structure remains elusive. A common feature of these membrane-active peptides is their preference for the lipid environment. Indeed, they are mainly unstructured in solution and, in the presence of lipid membranes, quickly adsorb onto the surface, change their secondary structure, eventually insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane bilayer, and finally disrupt the bilayer integrity. These steps define the molecular mechanism by which these membrane-active peptides lyse membranes. The last class of membrane-active peptides discussed are the CPPs, which translocate across the lipid bilayer without inducing severe disruption and have potential as drug vehicles. CPPs are typically highly charged and can show antimicrobial activity by targeting an intracellular target rather than via a direct membrane lytic mechanism. A critical aspect in the structure-function relationship of membrane-active peptides is their specific activity relative to the lipid membrane composition of the cell target. Cell membranes have a wide diversity of lipids, and those of eukaryotic and prokaryotic species differ greatly in composition and structure. The activity of AMPs from Australian tree frogs, toxins, and CPPs has been investigated within various lipid systems to assess whether a relationship between peptide and membrane composition could be identified. NMR spectroscopy techniques are being used to gain atomistic details of how these membrane-active peptides interact with model membranes and cells, and in particular, competitive assays demonstrate the difference between affinity and activity for a specific lipid environment. Overall, the interactions between these relatively small sized peptides and various lipid bilayers give insight into how these peptides function at the membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21
Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21
Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Mularski A, Wilksch JJ, Hanssen E, Strugnell RA, Separovic F. Atomic force microscopy of bacteria reveals the mechanobiology of pore forming peptide action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1091-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Hiss JA, Stutz K, Posselt G, Weßler S, Schneider G. Attractors in Sequence Space: Peptide Morphing by Directed Simulated Evolution. Mol Inform 2015; 34:709-714. [PMID: 26779290 PMCID: PMC4712357 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Hiss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Stutz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silja Weßler
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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