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Su N, Fang Y, Chen X, Chen X, Xia Z, Huang H, Xia Y, Liu P, Tian X, Cai Q. Targeting P21-activated kinase suppresses proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:249-257. [PMID: 37941919 PMCID: PMC10629744 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis. P21-activated kinase (PAK) is a component of the gene expression-based classifier that can predict the prognosis of T-LBL. However, the role of PAK in T-LBL progression and survival remains poorly understood. Herein, we found that the expression of PAK1 was significantly higher in T-LBL cell lines (Jurkat, SUP-T1, and CCRF-CEM) compared to the human T-lymphoid cell line. Moreover, PAK2 mRNA level of 32 relapsed T-LBL patients was significantly higher than that of 37 cases without relapse (P = .012). T-LBL patients with high PAK1 and PAK2 expression had significantly shorter median RFS than those with low PAK1 and PAK2 expression (PAK1, P = .028; PAK2, P = .027; PAK1/2, P = .032). PAK inhibitors, PF3758309 (PF) and FRAX597, could suppress the proliferation of T-LBL cells by blocking the G1/S cell cycle phase transition. Besides, PF could enhance the chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, through western blotting and RNA sequencing, we identified that PF could inhibit the phosphorylation of PAK1/2 and downregulate the expression of cyclin D1, NF-κB and cell adhesion signaling pathways in T-LBL cell lines. These findings suggest that PAK might be associated with T-LBL recurrence and further found that PAK inhibitors could suppress proliferation and enhance chemosensitivity of T-LBL cells treated with doxorubicin. Collectively, our present study underscores the potential therapeutic effect of inhibiting PAK in T-LBL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Qiu X, Xu H, Wang K, Gao F, Xu X, He H. P-21 Activated Kinases in Liver Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020551. [PMID: 36672500 PMCID: PMC9857091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The p21 Activated Kinases (PAKs) are serine threonine kinases and play important roles in many biological processes, including cell growth, survival, cytoskeletal organization, migration, and morphology. Recently, PAKs have emerged in the process of liver disorders, including liver cancer, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver fibrosis, owing to their effects in multiple signaling pathways in various cell types. Activation of PAKs promotes liver cancer growth and metastasis and contributes to the resistance of liver cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, leading to poor survival of patients. PAKs also play important roles in the development and progression of hepatitis and other pathological processes of the liver such as fibrosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we have summarized the currently available studies about the role of PAKs in liver disorders and the mechanisms involved, and further explored the potential therapeutic application of PAK inhibitors in liver disorders, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on current progress and perspectives of PAKs in liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Fengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (H.H.)
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Sharma M, Anandram S, Ross C, Srivastava S. FUBP3 regulates chronic myeloid leukaemia progression through PRC2 complex regulated PAK1-ERK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:15-29. [PMID: 36478132 PMCID: PMC9806296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance and heterogeneity in differential response towards tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treatment has led to the exploration of factors independent of the Philadelphia chromosome. Among these are the association of deletions of genes on derivative (der) 9 chromosome with adverse outcomes in CML patients. However, the functional role of genes near the breakpoint on der (9) in CML prognosis and progression remains largely unexplored. Copy number variation and mRNA expression were evaluated for five genes located near the breakpoint on der (9). Our data showed a significant association between microdeletions of the FUBP3 gene and its reduced expression with poor prognostic markers and adverse response outcomes in CML patients. Further investigation using K562 cells showed that the decrease in FUBP3 protein was associated with an increase in proliferation and survival due to activation of the MAPK-ERK pathway. We have established a novel direct interaction of FUBP3 protein and PRC2 complex in the regulation of ERK signalling via PAK1. Our findings demonstrate the role of the FUBP3 gene located on der (9) in poor response and progression in CML with the identification of additional druggable targets such as PAK1 in improving response outcomes in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sharma
- Department of MedicineSt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Seetharam Anandram
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Clinical HematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
| | - Cecil Ross
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Clinical HematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- St. John's National Academy of Health SciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and ImmunohematologySt. John's Medical College and HospitalBengaluruIndia
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Minor Kinases with Major Roles in Cytokinesis Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223639. [PMID: 36429067 PMCID: PMC9688779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal organisms, its accurate regulation is a fundamental task for normal development and for preventing aneuploidy. Cytokinesis failures produce genetically unstable tetraploid cells and ultimately result in chromosome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. In animal cells, the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring drive cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic intercellular bridge, which is severed during abscission, the final event of cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a crucial process to orchestrate the spatio-temporal regulation of the different stages of cytokinesis. Several kinases have been described in the literature, such as cyclin-dependent kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and Aurora B, regulating both furrow ingression and/or abscission. However, others exist, with well-established roles in cell-cycle progression but whose specific role in cytokinesis has been poorly investigated, leading to considering these kinases as "minor" actors in this process. Yet, they deserve additional attention, as they might disclose unexpected routes of cell division regulation. Here, we summarize the role of multifunctional kinases in cytokinesis with a special focus on those with a still scarcely defined function during cell cleavage. Moreover, we discuss their implication in cancer.
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Liu H, Liu K, Dong Z. The Role of p21-Activated Kinases in Cancer and Beyond: Where Are We Heading? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641381. [PMID: 33796531 PMCID: PMC8007885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs), downstream effectors of Ras-related Rho GTPase Cdc42 and Rac, are serine/threonine kinases. Biologically, PAKs participate in various cellular processes, including growth, apoptosis, mitosis, immune response, motility, inflammation, and gene expression, making PAKs the nexus of several pathogenic and oncogenic signaling pathways. PAKs were proved to play critical roles in human diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes, pancreatic acinar diseases, and cardiac disorders. In this review, we systematically discuss the structure, function, alteration, and molecular mechanisms of PAKs that are involved in the pathogenic and oncogenic effects, as well as PAK inhibitors, which may be developed and deployed in cancer therapy, anti-viral infection, and other diseases. Furthermore, we highlight the critical questions of PAKs in future research, which provide an opportunity to offer input and guidance on new directions for PAKs in pathogenic, oncogenic, and drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Zheng J, Zhang C, Li Y, Jiang Y, Xing B, Du X. p21-activated kinase 6 controls mitosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating Eg5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118888. [PMID: 33098954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P21-activated kinases 6 (PAK6) associated with many fundamental cellular processes in cancer including cell-cell adhesion, migration and apoptosis. Here, we report a novel function of PAK6 in mitosis. Expression of PAK6 peaks in the M phase. Knockdown of PAK6 increases cell number in G2/M and promotes cell proliferation. PAK6 specifically colocalizes with Eg5 in the centrosome. Depletion of PAK6 results in multipolar spindle and a simultaneous upregulation of Eg5. Further, the PAK6 depletion-induced multiple spindle and cell cycle progression is reversed by knockdown of Eg5. These data suggest that PAK6 regulates spindle formation and cell cycle by regulating Eg5 expression. Additionally, expression of PAK6 is upregulated when Eg5 is downregulated or inhibited. Thus, PAK6 and Eg5 negatively inter-regulate each other. Significantly, the effect of PAK6 expression on the outcome of the HCC patients is controlled by Eg5 expression. Inhibition of Eg5 reverses PAK6 depletion-promoted cell invasion. Collectively, our data indicate that the inter-regulation between PAK6 and Eg5 might promote the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
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Li T, Li Y, Liu T, Hu B, Li J, Liu C, Liu T, Li F. Mitochondrial PAK6 inhibits prostate cancer cell apoptosis via the PAK6-SIRT4-ANT2 complex. Theranostics 2020; 10:2571-2586. [PMID: 32194820 PMCID: PMC7052886 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: P21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) is a member of the class II PAKs family, which is a conserved family of serine/threonine kinases. Although the effects of PAK6 on many malignancies, especially in prostate cancer, have been studied for a long time, the role of PAK6 in mitochondria remains unknown. Methods: The expression of PAK6, SIRT4 and ANT2 in prostate cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Immunofuorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were used to determine the subcellular localization of PAK6. Immunoprecipitation, immunofuorescence and ubiquitination assays were performed to determine how PAK6 regulates SIRT4, how SIRT4 regulates ANT2, and how PAK6 regulates ANT2. Flow cytometry detection and xenograft models were used to evaluate the impact of ANT2 mutant expression on the prostate cancer cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Results: The present study revealed that the PAK6-SIRT4-ANT2 complex is involved in mitochondrial apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. It was found that PAK6 is mainly located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, in which PAK6 promotes SIRT4 ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Furthermore, SIRT4 deprives the ANT2 acetylation at K105 to promote its ubiquitination degradation. Hence, PAK6 adjusts the acetylation level of ANT2 through the PAK6-SIRT4-ANT2 pathway, in order to regulate the stability of ANT2. Meanwhile, PAK6 directly phosphorylates ANT2 atT107 to inhibit the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the phosphorylation and deacetylation modifications of ANT2 are mutually regulated, leading to tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, these clinical prostate cancer tissue evaluations reveal that PAK6 is positively correlated with ANT2 expression, but negatively correlated with SIRT4. Conclusion: These present findings suggest the pivotal role of the PAK6-SIRT4-ANT2 complex in the apoptosis of prostate cancer. This complex could be a potential biomarker for the treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingtao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
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Gong CC, Li TT, Pei DS. PAK6: a potential anti-cancer target. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Xuzhou Medical University, China; Xuzhou Medical University, China
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Ji D, Wang Y, Sun B, Yang J, Luo X. Long non-coding RNA MNX1-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion through targeting miR-218-5p/COMMD8 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:669-674. [PMID: 30982576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis. Previously, lncRNA MNX1-AS1 was reported to increase the malignancy of ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer. However, the potential function of MNX1-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that MNX1-AS1 was remarkably upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, MNX1-AS1 overexpression was related to advanced stage and metastasis, and predicted poor prognosis. Loss-of-function assays showed that MNX1-AS1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Further investigation indicated that MNX1-AS1 silencing delayed HCC growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified that MNX1-AS1 was a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-218-5p. We demonstrated that MNX1-AS1 promoted COMMD8 expression through sponging miR-218-5p, and then contributed to HCC progression. Restoration of COMMD8 significantly reversed the effects of MNX1-AS1 knockdown. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that MNX1-AS1 promoted the malignant properties of HCC through targeting miR-218-5p/COMMD8 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degang Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Fairborn, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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10
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P21 activated kinase signaling in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 54:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhou Y, Fan RG, Qin CL, Jia J, Wu XD, Zha WZ. LncRNA-H19 activates CDC42/PAK1 pathway to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting miR-15b in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genomics 2018; 111:1862-1872. [PMID: 30543848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of H19 in HCC. METHODS qRT-PCR detected miR-15b-5p and H19 expression, as well as the mRNA level of EMT-associated genes. Western blotting detected protein level of EMT-associated genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) examined CDC42 in HCC tissues. Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the regulatory mechanism among H19, miR-15b and CDC42. Colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell, flow cytometry measured proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS H19 and CDC42 were up-regulated while miR-15b was down-regulated in HCC cells and tissues. miR-15b interacted with H19 and CDC42 3'-UTR. H19 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis, which was rescued by miR-15b inhibitor. H19 knockdown suppressed CDC42/PAK1 pathway and EMT progress. CONCLUSION H19 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells via targeting miR-15b/CDC42/PAK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China
| | - Ren-Gen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China
| | - Cheng-Lin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China.
| | - Wen-Zhang Zha
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, PR China.
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Shi Y, Yang X, Xue X, Sun D, Cai P, Song Q, Zhang B, Qin L. HANR promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR-214/EZH2/TGF-β axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Atef A, Bedeer AE, Elmonem GA. Evaluation of P21 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as prognostic markers for renal cell carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 38:68-77. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000542227.68517.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Ge Y, Zhang C, Xiao S, Liang L, Liao S, Xiang Y, Cao K, Chen H, Zhou Y. Identification of differentially expressed genes in cervical cancer by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2549-2558. [PMID: 30013649 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy. In recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer has had a younger trend. Cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates have been significantly reduced due to recent decades of cervical cytology screening leading to the early detection and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. There are a number of methods used to treat cervical cancer and improve the survival rate. However, the prevalence and recurrence rates of cervical cancer are increasing every year. There is an urgent requirement for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism cervical cancer development. The present study used scientific information retrieval from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to download the GSE26511 dataset, which contained 39 samples, including 19 cervical cancer lymph node-positive samples and 20 cervical cancer lymph node-negative samples. Using Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, 1,263 differentially expressed genes were found that affected the biological processes, including 'cell cycle process', 'signaling pathways', 'immune response', 'cell activation', 'regulation of immune system process' and 'inflammatory response'. These areas should be the focus of study for cervical cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Xiang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410001, P.R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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15
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Nguyen L, Masouminia M, Mendoza A, Samadzadeh S, Tillman B, Morgan T, French B, French S. Alcoholic hepatitis versus non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Levels of expression of some proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:45-49. [PMID: 29307797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and/or hypertriglyceridemia, while alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is associated with alcohol abuse. Both NASH and ASH patients can develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if left untreated. However, the rate of tumorigenesis in NASH and ASH appears to be different. Individuals with NASH progress to HCC at a rate of 0.5% annually (Lindenmeyer and McCullough, 2018), when individuals with ASH progress to HCC at a rate of 3-10% annually (Schwartz and Reinus, 2012). Thus, the objective of our study is to determine if there are differences in NASH versus ASH in the levels of different proteins expressed involved in cancer development. The method used was measuring the proteins expressed in liver biopsied sections from NASH and ASH patients using immunohistochemical staining with fluorescent antibodies and then quantitating the fluorescence intensity morphometrically. The 20 proteins tested are parts of the Ingenuity Canonical Pathway of Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer and include: RAP2B, NAIP, FYN, PAK6, SUV39H1, GNAI1, BAX, E2F3, CKDN2B, BAK1, BCL2, DIABLO, RASGRF2, GNA15, PIK3CB, BRCA1, MAP2K1, BIRC3, CDK2, and ATM. In ASH, the proteins that showed upregulated levels of expression were SUV39H1, E2F3, BCL2, BAK1, BIRC3, and GNAI1. In NASH, the proteins that showed upregulated levels of expression were BAK1 and GNAI1 and the protein that showed downregulated level of expression was BCL2. Additionally, levels of expression for SUV39H1, E2F3, BCL2, BAK1, BIRC3, and GNAI1 were significant upregulated in ASH compared to NASH. These results showed significant differences in ASH compared to normal liver, and significant differences in ASH compared to NASH. Thus, we conclude that there are more proteins involved in tumorigenesis in ASH compared to NASH and in ASH compared to normal liver, which is consistent with the known tumor development rate in ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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16
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Zeng T, Wang D, Chen J, Chen K, Yu G, Chen Q, Liu Y, Yan S, Zhu L, Zhou H, Huang A, Tang H. AF119895 regulates NXF3 expression to promote migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through an interaction with miR-6508-3p. Exp Cell Res 2017; 363:129-139. [PMID: 29274323 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various studies revealed that numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found dysregulated in HCC and played important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, although the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Herein, we reported AF119895, a new lncRNA which was identified from microarray and amplified in HCC. Functionally, AF119895 promoted migration and invasion of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified that NXF3 was a downstream target of AF119895. NXF3 depletion could decrease HCC cells migration and invasion. In addition, AF119895 could act as an endogenous sponge by binding to miR-6508-3p and reduce miR-6508-3p expression. And miR-6508-3p could regulate NXF3 by interacting with its 3'UTR. These observations collectively demonstrate that AF119895 modulates the repression of NXF3 by binding to miR-6508-3p. Our results outline a novel signaling pathway mediated by AF119895 and suggest its candidacy as a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoyin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of neuronal cells requires tight orchestration of cell death and survival regulation in the context of longevity, age-associated diseases as well as during the development of the nervous system. Subordinate to genetic networks epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in the regulation of neuronal development, function and aging. DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), mostly correlated with gene silencing, is a dynamic and reversible process. In addition to their canonical actions performing cytosine methylation, DNMTs influence gene expression by interactions with histone modifying enzymes or complexes increasing the complexity of epigenetic transcriptional networks. DNMTs are expressed in neuronal progenitors, post-mitotic as well as adult neurons. In this review, we discuss the role and mode of actions of DNMTs including downstream networks in the regulation of neuronal survival in the developing and aging nervous system and its relevance for associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Symmank
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Geraldine Zimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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18
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Kumar R, Li DQ. PAKs in Human Cancer Progression: From Inception to Cancer Therapeutic to Future Oncobiology. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 130:137-209. [PMID: 27037753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial recognition of a mechanistic role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in breast cancer invasion, PAK1 has emerged as one of the widely overexpressed or hyperactivated kinases in human cancer at-large, allowing the PAK family to make in-roads in cancer biology, tumorigenesis, and cancer therapeutics. Much of our current understanding of the PAK family in cancer progression relates to a central role of the PAK family in the integration of cancer-promoting signals from cell membrane receptors as well as function as a key nexus-modifier of complex, cytoplasmic signaling network. Another core aspect of PAK signaling that highlights its importance in cancer progression is through PAK's central role in the cross talk with signaling and interacting proteins, as well as PAK's position as a key player in the phosphorylation of effector substrates to engage downstream components that ultimately leads to the development cancerous phenotypes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in PAK cancer research and its downstream substrates in the context of invasion, nuclear signaling and localization, gene expression, and DNA damage response. We discuss how a deeper understanding of PAK1's pathobiology over the years has widened research interest to the PAK family and human cancer, and positioning the PAK family as a promising cancer therapeutic target either alone or in combination with other therapies. With many landmark findings and leaps in the progress of PAK cancer research since the infancy of this field nearly 20 years ago, we also discuss postulated advances in the coming decade as the PAK family continues to shape the future of oncobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; Rajiv Gandhi Center of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - D-Q Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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