1
|
Chakraborty A, Dissanayake R, Wall KA. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP)-Mediated Calcium Signaling Is Active in Memory CD4 + T Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:907. [PMID: 38398657 PMCID: PMC10892544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), identified as one of the most potent calcium-mobilizing second messengers, has been studied in different eukaryotic cell types, including lymphocytes. Although aspects of NAADP-mediated calcium release in lymphocytes are still under debate, the organelles pertaining to NAADP-mediated calcium release are often characterized as acidic and related to lysosomes. Although NAADP-mediated calcium release in different subsets of T cells, including naïve, effector and natural regulatory T cells, has been studied, it has not been widely studied in memory CD4+ T cells, which show a different calcium flux profile. Using a pharmacological approach, the effect of Ned-19, an NAADP pathway antagonist, on the involvement of NAADP in TCR activation in murine memory CD4+ T cells and their downstream effector functions, such as proliferation and cytokine production, was studied. According to this study, Ned-19 inhibited TCR-mediated calcium flux and its downstream effector functions in primary memory CD4+ T cells. The study also revealed that both extracellular and intracellular calcium stores, including endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome-like acidic calcium stores, contribute to the TCR-mediated calcium flux in memory CD4+ T cells. NAADP-AM, a cell permeable analogue of NAADP, was shown to release calcium in memory CD4+ T cells and calcium flux was inhibited by Ned-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine A. Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (A.C.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nawrocki M, Lory N, Bedke T, Stumme F, Diercks BP, Guse AH, Meier C, Gagliani N, Mittrücker HW, Huber S. Trans-Ned 19-Mediated Antagonism of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Nucleotide-Mediated Calcium Signaling Regulates Th17 Cell Plasticity in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3039. [PMID: 34831261 PMCID: PMC8616272 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing agent and its inhibition proved to inhibit T-cell activation. However, the impact of the NAADP signaling on CD4+ T-cell differentiation and plasticity and on the inflammation in tissues other than the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we used an antagonist of NAADP signaling, trans-Ned 19, to study the role of NAADP in CD4+ T-cell differentiation and effector function. Partial blockade of NAADP signaling in naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro promoted the differentiation of Th17 cells. Interestingly, trans-Ned 19 also promoted the production of IL-10, co-expression of LAG-3 and CD49b and increased the suppressive capacity of Th17 cells. Moreover, using an IL-17A fate mapping mouse model, we showed that NAADP inhibition promotes conversion of Th17 cells into regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. In line with the results, we found that inhibiting NAADP ameliorates disease in a mouse model of intestinal inflammation. Thus, these results reveal a novel function of NAADP in controlling the differentiation and plasticity of CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Nawrocki
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Niels Lory
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Friederike Stumme
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Björn-Phillip Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.-P.D.); (A.H.G.)
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.-P.D.); (A.H.G.)
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin X, Zhang Y, Alharbi A, Hanbashi A, Alhoshani A, Parrington J. Targeting Two-Pore Channels: Current Progress and Future Challenges. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 41:582-594. [PMID: 32679067 PMCID: PMC7365084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are cation-permeable channels located on endolysosomal membranes and important mediators of intracellular Ca2+ signalling. TPCs are involved in various pathophysiological processes, including cell growth and development, metabolism, and cancer progression. Most studies of TPCs have used TPC–/– cell or whole-animal models, or Ned-19, an indirect inhibitor. The TPC activation mechanism remains controversial, which has made it difficult to develop selective modulators. Recent studies of TPC structure and their interactomes are aiding the development of direct pharmacological modulators. This process is still in its infancy, but will facilitate future research and TPC targeting for therapeutical purposes. Here, we review the progress of current research into TPCs, including recent insights into their structures, functional roles, mechanisms of activation, and pharmacological modulators. Two-pore channel (TPC)-mediated endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling regulates a variety of processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, viral infection, and cardiac function. Despite the well-established model that TPCs are Ca2+-selective channels indirectly activated by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), it has also been proposed that TPCs as Na+ channels are activated directly by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. 3D structures of mouse TPC1 and human TPC2 were recently determined, which made it possible for structure-based virtual screening methods to identify pharmacological modulators of TPC. Recent identification by high-throughput screens of pharmacological modulators that target TPCs will help reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of endolysosomal Ca2+ signalling in different pathophysiological processes, and to develop new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Abeer Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ali Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11454, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Genetic Screen To Identify Genes Influencing the Secondary Redox Couple NADPH/NADP + in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:371-378. [PMID: 31757928 PMCID: PMC6945034 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NADPH is an important cofactor in the cell. In addition to its role in the biosynthesis of critical metabolites, it plays crucial roles in the regeneration of the reduced forms of glutathione, thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins. The enzymes and pathways that regulate NADPH are thus extremely important to understand, and yet are only partially understood. We have been interested in understanding how NADPH fluxes are altered in the cell. We describe here both an assay and a genetic screen that allows one to discern changes in NADPH levels. The screen exploits the secondary redox property of NADPH. At low levels of glutathione we show that the redox contributions of NADPH become critical for growth, and we have used this to develop a genetic screen for genes affecting NADPH homeostasis. The screen was validated in pathways that both directly (pentose phosphate pathway) and indirectly (glycolytic pathway) affect NADPH levels, and was then exploited to identify mitochondrial genes that affect NADPH homeostasis. A total of 239 mitochondrial gene knockouts were assayed using this screen. Among these, several genes were predicted to play a role in NADPH homeostasis. This included several new genes of unknown function, and others of poorly defined function. We examined two of these genes, FMP40 which encodes a protein required during oxidative stress and GOR1, glyoxylate reductase. Our studies throw new light on these proteins that appear to be major consumers of NADPH in the cell. The genetic screen is thus predicted to be an exceedingly useful tool for investigating NADPH homeostasis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Of the established Ca2+-mobilizing messengers, NAADP is arguably the most tantalizing. It is the most potent, often efficacious at low nanomolar concentrations, and its receptors undergo dramatic desensitization. Recent studies have identified a new class of calcium-release channel, the two-pore channels (TPCs), as the likely targets for NAADP regulation, even though the effect may be indirect. These channels localized at endolysosomes, where they mediate local Ca2+ release, and have highlighted a new role of acidic organelles as targets for messenger-evoked Ca2+ mobilization. Three distinct roles of TPCs have been identified. The first is to effect local Ca2+ release that may play a role in endolysosomal function including vesicular fusion and trafficking. The second is to trigger global calcium release by recruiting Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR) channels at lysosomal-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) junctions. The third is to regulate plasma membrane excitability by the targeting of Ca2+ release from appropriately positioned subplasma membrane stores to regulate plasma membrane Ca2+-activated channels. In this review, I discuss the role of nicotinic acid adenine nucleotide diphosphate (NAADP)-mediated Ca2+ release from endolysosomal stores as a widespread trigger for intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms, and how studies of TPCs are beginning to enhance our understanding of the central role of lysosomes in Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asfaha TY, Gunaratne GS, Johns ME, Marchant JS, Walseth TF, Slama JT. The synthesis and characterization of a clickable-photoactive NAADP analog active in human cells. Cell Calcium 2019; 83:102060. [PMID: 31442840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger which triggers Ca2+ release in both sea urchin egg homogenates and in mammalian cells. The NAADP binding protein has not been identified and the regulation of NAADP mediated Ca2+ release remains controversial. To address this issue, we have synthesized an NAADP analog in which 3-azido-5-azidomethylbenzoic acid is attached to the amino group of 5-(3-aminopropyl)-NAADP to produce an NAADP analog which is both a photoaffinity label and clickable. This 'all-in-one-clickable' NAADP (AIOC-NAADP) elicited Ca2+ release when microinjected into cultured human SKBR3 cells at low concentrations. In contrast, it displayed little activity in sea urchin egg homogenates where very high concentrations were required to elicit Ca2+ release. In mammalian cell homogenates, incubation with low concentrations of [32P]AIOC-NAADP followed by irradiation with UV light resulted in labeling 23 kDa protein(s). Competition between [32P]AIOC-NAADP and increasing concentrations of NAADP demonstrated that the labeling was selective. We show that this label recognizes and selectively photodervatizes the 23 kDa NAADP binding protein(s) in cultured human cells identified in previous studies using [32P]5-N3-NAADP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timnit Yosef Asfaha
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States
| | - Malcolm E Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226-0509, United States
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St., Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0217, United States.
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Imbery JF, Iqbal AK, Desai T, Giovannucci DR. Role of NAADP for calcium signaling in the salivary gland. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:29-37. [PMID: 30947088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in parotid acini is crucial for controlling the secretion of primary saliva. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated acidic-organelle Ca2+ release as a participant in agonist-evoked signaling dynamics of the parotid acinar cell. Furthermore, results implicated a potential role for the potent Ca2+ releasing second messenger NAADP in these events. The current study interrogated a direct role of NAADP for Ca2+ signaling in the parotid salivary gland acinar cell. Use of live-cell Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp methods, and confocal microscopy revealed for the first time NAADP can evoke or enhance Ca2+ dynamics in parotid acini. These results were compared with pancreatic acini, a morphologically similar cell type previously shown to display NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals. Findings presented here may be relevant in establishing new therapeutic targets for those suffering from xerostomia produced by hypofunctioning salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Imbery
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Azwar K Iqbal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Tanvi Desai
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gunaratne GS, Johns ME, Hintz HM, Walseth TF, Marchant JS. A screening campaign in sea urchin egg homogenate as a platform for discovering modulators of NAADP-dependent Ca 2+ signaling in human cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 75:42-52. [PMID: 30145428 PMCID: PMC6286156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) regulates intracellular trafficking events, including translocation of certain enveloped viruses through the endolysosomal system. Targeting NAADP-evoked Ca2+ signaling may therefore be an effective strategy for discovering novel antivirals as well as therapeutics for other disorders. To aid discovery of novel scaffolds that modulate NAADP-evoked Ca2+ signaling in human cells, we have investigated the potential of using the sea urchin egg homogenate system for a screening campaign. Known pharmacological inhibitors of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release (but not cADPR- or IP3-evoked Ca2+ release) in this invertebrate system strongly correlated with inhibition of MERS-pseudovirus infectivity in a human cell line. A primary screen of 1534 compounds yielded eighteen 'hits' exhibiting >80% inhibition of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release. A validation pipeline for these candidates yielded seven drugs that inhibited NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release without depleting acidic Ca2+ stores in a human cell line. These candidates displayed a similar penetrance of inhibition in both the sea urchin system and the human cell line, and the extent of inhibition of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ signals correlated well with observed inhibition of infectivity of a Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pseudovirus. These experiments support the potential of this simple, homogenate system for screening campaigns to discover modulators of NAADP, cADPR and IP3-dependent Ca2+ signaling with potential therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Malcolm E Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hallie M Hintz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liaskou E, Patel SR, Webb G, Bagkou Dimakou D, Akiror S, Krishna M, Mells G, Jones DE, Bowman SJ, Barone F, Fisher BA, Hirschfield GM. Increased sensitivity of Treg cells from patients with PBC to low dose IL-12 drives their differentiation into IFN-γ secreting cells. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:143-155. [PMID: 30119881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces the production of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and favours the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. In the presence of IL-12 human Treg cells acquire a Th1-like phenotype with reduced suppressive activity in vitro. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterised by high Th1 and Th17 infiltrating cells, reduced frequencies of Treg cells, and a genetic association with IL-12 signalling. Herein, we sought to evaluate the IL-12 signalling pathway in PBC pathology, by studying human samples from patients with PBC, alongside those with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS)(autoimmune disease with IL-12 signalling gene association), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (cholestatic liver disease without IL-12 gene association) and healthy individuals. Our data revealed that TLR stimulation of PBC (n = 17) and pSS monocytes (n = 6) resulted in significant induction of IL12A mRNA (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively) compared to PSC monocytes (n = 13) and at similar levels to HC monocytes (n = 8). PSC monocytes expressed significantly less IL-12p70 (108 pg/ml, mean) and IL-23 (358 pg/ml) compared to HC (458 pg/ml and 951 pg/ml, respectively) (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Treg cells from patients with PBC (n = 16) and pSS (n = 3) but not PSC (n = 10) and HC (n = 8) responded to low dose (10 ng/ml) IL-12 stimulation by significant upregulation of IFNγ (mean 277 and 254 pg/ml, respectively) compared to PSC and HC Treg cells (mean 22 and 77 pg/ml, respectively)(p < 0.05). This effect was mediated by the rapid and strong phosphorylation of STAT4 on Treg cells from patients with PBC and pSS (p < 0.05) but not PSC and HC. In the liver of patients with PBC (n = 7) a significantly higher proportion of IL-12Rβ2+Tregs (16% on average) was detected (p < 0.05) compared to other liver disease controls (5%)(n = 18) which also showed ex vivo high IFNG and TBET expression. CONCLUSION: Our data show an increased sensitivity of PBC and pSS Treg cells to low dose IL-12 stimulation, providing ongoing support for the importance of the IL12-IL-12Rβ2-STAT4 pathway on Treg cells in disease pathogenesis and potentially treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evaggelia Liaskou
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samita R Patel
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gwilym Webb
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Danai Bagkou Dimakou
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Akiror
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mahesh Krishna
- Weiss School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Mells
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dave E Jones
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pyridine dinucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), were discovered more than 100 years ago as necessary cofactors for fermentation in yeast extracts. Since that time, these molecules have been recognized as fundamental players in a variety of cellular processes, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene transcription, among many others. Given their critical role as mediators of cellular responses to metabolic perturbations, it is unsurprising that dysregulation of NAD and NADP metabolism has been associated with the pathobiology of many chronic human diseases. Recent Advances: A biochemistry renaissance in biomedical research, with its increasing focus on the metabolic pathobiology of human disease, has reignited interest in pyridine dinucleotides, which has led to new insights into the cell biology of NAD(P) metabolism, including its cellular pharmacokinetics, biosynthesis, subcellular localization, and regulation. This review highlights these advances to illustrate the importance of NAD(P) metabolism in the molecular pathogenesis of disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Perturbations of NAD(H) and NADP(H) are a prominent feature of human disease; however, fundamental questions regarding the regulation of the absolute levels of these cofactors and the key determinants of their redox ratios remain. Moreover, an integrated topological model of NAD(P) biology that combines the metabolic and other roles remains elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As the complex regulatory network of NAD(P) metabolism becomes illuminated, sophisticated new approaches to manipulating these pathways in specific organs, cells, or organelles will be developed to target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease, opening doors for the next generation of redox-based, metabolism-targeted therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 180-212.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William M Oldham
- 2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A method for high-throughput functional imaging of single cells within heterogeneous cell preparations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39319. [PMID: 27982116 PMCID: PMC5159830 DOI: 10.1038/srep39319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of individual cells within heterogeneous tissue preparations is challenging. Here, we report the development of a versatile imaging method that assesses single cell responses of various endpoints in real time, while identifying the individual cell types. Endpoints that can be measured include (but are not limited to) ionic flux (calcium, sodium, potassium and hydrogen), metabolic responsiveness (NAD(P)H, mitochondrial membrane potential), and signal transduction (H2O2 and cAMP). Subsequent to fluorescent imaging, identification of cell types using immunohistochemistry allows for mapping of cell type to their respective functional real time responses. To validate the utility of this method, NAD(P)H responses to glucose of islet alpha versus beta cells generated from dispersed pancreatic islets, followed by the construction of frequency distributions characterizing the variability in the magnitude of each individual cell responses were compared. As expected, no overlap between the glucose response frequency distributions for beta cells versus alpha cells was observed, thereby establishing both the high degree of fidelity and low rate of both false-negatives and false-positives in this approach. This novel method has the ability not only to resolve single cell level functional differences between cell types, but also to characterize functional heterogeneity within a given cell type.
Collapse
|