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Hernandez-Benitez R, Wang C, Shi L, Ouchi Y, Zhong C, Hishida T, Liao HK, Magill EA, Memczak S, Soligalla RD, Fresia C, Hatanaka F, Lamas V, Guillen I, Sahu S, Yamamoto M, Shao Y, Aguirre-Vazquez A, Nuñez Delicado E, Guillen P, Rodriguez Esteban C, Qu J, Reddy P, Horvath S, Liu GH, Magistretti P, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Intervention with metabolites emulating endogenous cell transitions accelerates muscle regeneration in young and aged mice. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101449. [PMID: 38508141 PMCID: PMC10983034 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration following an injury requires dynamic cell-state transitions that allow for establishing the cell identities required for the restoration of tissue homeostasis and function. Here, we present a biochemical intervention that induces an intermediate cell state mirroring a transition identified during normal differentiation of myoblasts and other multipotent and pluripotent cells to mature cells. When applied in somatic differentiated cells, the intervention, composed of one-carbon metabolites, reduces some dedifferentiation markers without losing the lineage identity, thus inducing limited reprogramming into a more flexible cell state. Moreover, the intervention enabled accelerated repair after muscle injury in young and aged mice. Overall, our study uncovers a conserved biochemical transitional phase that enhances cellular plasticity in vivo and hints at potential and scalable biochemical interventions of use in regenerative medicine and rejuvenation interventions that may be more tractable than genetic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Hernandez-Benitez
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Altos Labs, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Altos Labs, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Altos Labs, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric A Magill
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Rupa D Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135 12, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | | | | | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | | | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Altos Labs, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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2
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Deng LJ, Wu D, Yang XF, Li T. miR-146a-5p Modulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Deficits Through Klf4/p-Stat3 Signaling in APP/PS1 Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 526:314-325. [PMID: 37321367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and currently, no effective treatment strategies exist for this condition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets of AD. Previous studies have highlighted the significant role of miR-146a-5p in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Here, we aimed to investigate whether miR-146a-5p plays a role in the mechanisms of AD. We employed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to assess the expression of miR-146a-5p. Additionally, we examined the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), and phosphorylated Stat3 (p-Stat3) using western blot analysis. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between miR-146a-5p and Klf4 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate AHN. And Contextual fear conditioning discrimination learning (CFC-DL) experiment was used to detect pattern separation. Our findings in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice revealed upregulated levels of miR-146a-5p and p-Stat3, while Klf4 levels were downregulated. Interestingly, both miR-146a-5p antagomir and p-Stat3 inhibitor obviously rescued neurogenesis and pattern separation in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, application of miR-146a-5p agomir reversed the protective effects of Klf4 upregulation. These findings open new avenues for protection against AD through the modulation of neurogenesis and cognitive decline via the miR-146a-5p/Klf4/p-Stat3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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3
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Peng Z, Lu H, Yang Q, Xie Q. Astrocyte Reprogramming in Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885707. [PMID: 35663583 PMCID: PMC9160982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the early stages of stroke, irreversible damage to neurons leads to high mortality and disability rates in patients. However, there are still no effective prevention and treatment measures for the resulting massive neuronal death in clinical practice. Astrocyte reprogramming has recently attracted much attention as an avenue for increasing neurons in mice after cerebral ischemia. However, the field of astrocyte reprogramming has recently been mired in controversy due to reports questioning whether newborn neurons are derived from astrocyte transformation. To better understand the process and controversies of astrocyte reprogramming, this review introduces the method of astrocyte reprogramming and its application in stroke. By targeting key transcription factors or microRNAs, astrocytes in the mouse brain could be reprogrammed into functional neurons. Additionally, we summarize some of the current controversies over the lack of cell lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing experiments to provide evidence of gene expression profile changes throughout the process of astrocyte reprogramming. Finally, we present recent advances in cell lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing, suggesting that it is possible to characterize the entire process of astrocyte reprogramming by combining these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Xie,
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4
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Velloso FJ, Shankar S, Parpura V, Rakic P, Levison SW. Neural Stem Cells in Adult Mammals are not Astrocytes. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221134739. [PMID: 36330653 PMCID: PMC9638700 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221134739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
At the turn of the 21st century studies of the cells that resided in the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) characterized the neural stem cells (NSCs) as a subtype of astrocyte. Over the ensuing years, numerous studies have further characterized the properties of these NSCs and compared them to parenchymal astrocytes. Here we have evaluated the evidence collected to date to establish whether classifying the NSCs as astrocytes is appropriate and useful. We also performed a meta-analysis with 4 previously published datasets that used cell sorting and unbiased single-cell RNAseq to highlight the distinct gene expression profiles of adult murine NSCs and niche astrocytes. On the basis of our understanding of the properties and functions of astrocytes versus the properties and functions of NSCs, and from our comparative transcriptomic analyses we conclude that classifying the adult mammalian NSC as an astrocyte is potentially misleading. From our vantage point, it is more appropriate to refer to the cells in the adult mammalian SVZ that retain the capacity to produce new neurons and macroglia as NSCs without attaching the term "astrocyte-like."
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Janczur Velloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sandhya Shankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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5
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Mukherjee S, Yadav G, Kumar R. Recent trends in stem cell-based therapies and applications of artificial intelligence in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:521-541. [PMID: 34249226 PMCID: PMC8246250 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and differentiate into diverse types of mature and functional cells while maintaining their original identity. This profound potential of stem cells has been thoroughly investigated for its significance in regenerative medicine and has laid the foundation for cell-based therapies. Regenerative medicine is rapidly progressing in healthcare with the prospect of repair and restoration of specific organs or tissue injuries or chronic disease conditions where the body’s regenerative process is not sufficient to heal. In this review, the recent advances in stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine are discussed, emphasizing mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies as these cells have been extensively studied for clinical use. Recent applications of artificial intelligence algorithms in stem cell-based therapies, their limitation, and future prospects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Machine learning uncovers cell identity regulator by histone code. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2696. [PMID: 32483223 PMCID: PMC7264183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion between cell types, e.g., by induced expression of master transcription factors, holds great promise for cellular therapy. Our ability to manipulate cell identity is constrained by incomplete information on cell identity genes (CIGs) and their expression regulation. Here, we develop CEFCIG, an artificial intelligent framework to uncover CIGs and further define their master regulators. On the basis of machine learning, CEFCIG reveals unique histone codes for transcriptional regulation of reported CIGs, and utilizes these codes to predict CIGs and their master regulators with high accuracy. Applying CEFCIG to 1,005 epigenetic profiles, our analysis uncovers the landscape of regulation network for identity genes in individual cell or tissue types. Together, this work provides insights into cell identity regulation, and delivers a powerful technique to facilitate regenerative medicine.
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7
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Aravantinou-Fatorou K, Thomaidou D. In Vitro Direct Reprogramming of Mouse and Human Astrocytes to Induced Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2155:41-61. [PMID: 32474866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0655-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming, rewiring the epigenetic and transcriptional network of a differentiated cell type to neuron, apart from being a very promising approach for the treatment of brain injury and neurodegeneration, also offers a prime opportunity to investigate the molecular underpinnings of neuronal cell fate determination, as the precise molecular mechanisms that establish neuronal fate and diversity at the transcriptional and epigenetic level are incompletely understood. Recent studies from a number of groups, including ours, have shown that astrocytes can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons in vitro and in vivo following ectopic overexpression of combinations of transcription factors, neurogenic proteins, miRNAs, and small chemical molecules.In this chapter we describe the protocols for in vitro converting primary cortical astrocytes of mouse and human origin to induced neurons, through forced expression of two neurogenic molecules, either each one alone or in combination: the master regulatory bHLH proneural transcription factor NEUROGENIN-2 (NEUROG2) and the neurogenic protein CEND1. Forced expression of each one of the two neurogenic proteins in primary astrocytes via retroviral gene transfer results in their direct conversion to subtype-specific induced neurons, while simultaneous coexpression of both molecules drives them predominantly toward acquisition of a neural precursor cell (NPC) state. Although mouse and human astrocytes exhibit differences in their reprogramming rate and particular characteristics, they can both get efficiently in vitro transdifferentiated to NPCs and induced neurons upon NEUROG2 or/and CEND1 forced expression using the reprogramming protocols described in the chapter, presenting valuable cellular platforms for mechanistic studies and in vivo applications to restore neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Aravantinou-Fatorou
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Thomaidou
- Neural Stem Cells and Neuroimaging Group, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
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8
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Qin S, Huang X, Wang D, Hu X, Yuan Y, Sun X, Tan Z, Gu Y, Cheng X, He C, Su Z. Identification of characteristic genes distinguishing neural stem cells from astrocytes. Gene 2018; 681:26-35. [PMID: 30266499 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs) have unique biological characteristics such as continuous proliferation and multipotential differentiation, providing a possible method for restoration of central nervous system (CNS) function after injury or disease. NSCs and astrocytes share many similar biological properties including cell morphology and molecular expression and can trans-differentiate into each other under certain conditions. However, characteristic genes specifically expressed by NSCs have not been well described. METHODS To provide insights into the characteristic expression of NSCs, bioinformatics analysis of two microarrays of mouse NSCs and astrocytes was performed. Compared to astrocytes, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NSCs were identified and annotated by GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis, respectively. Then key genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules analysis, and were verified using multiple high-throughput sequencing resources. Finally, the expression difference between the two cell types was confirmed by Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting and immunochemical analysis. RESULTS In the present study, 282 and 250 NSC-enriched genes from two microarrays were identified and annotated respectively, and the 77 overlapping DEGs were then selected. From the PPI network 24 key genes in three modules were screened out. Importantly, sequencing data of tissues showed that these 24 key genes tended to be highly expressed in NSCs compared with astrocytes. Furthermore, qPCR and western blot analysis of cultured NSCs and astrocytes showed two genes (KIF2C and TOP2A) were not only differentially expressed in RNA level but also at the protein level. Importantly, the NSC-specific genes KIF2C and TOP2A were validated by immunohistochemistry in vivo. CONCLUSION In present study, we identified 2 hub genes (KIF2C and TOP2A) that might serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing NSCs from astrocytes, contributing to our comprehensive understanding of the biological properties and functions of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyao Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakun Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Apostolou E, Stadtfeld M. Cellular trajectories and molecular mechanisms of iPSC reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 52:77-85. [PMID: 29925040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has solidified the concept of transcription factors as major players in controlling cell identity and provided a tractable tool to study how somatic cell identity can be dismantled and pluripotency established. A number of landmark studies have established hallmarks and roadmaps of iPSC formation by describing relative kinetics of transcriptional, protein and epigenetic changes, including alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Recently, technological advancements such as single-cell analyses, high-resolution genome-wide chromatin assays and more efficient reprogramming systems have been used to challenge and refine our understanding of the reprogramming process. Here, we will outline novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying iPSC formation, focusing on how the core reprogramming factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2 and MYC (OKSM) drive changes in gene expression, chromatin state and 3D genome topology. In addition, we will discuss unexpected consequences of reprogramming factor expression in in vitro and in vivo systems that may point towards new applications of iPSC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Apostolou
- Edward and Sandra Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Noguchi H, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Nakashima Y. Induced Tissue-Specific Stem Cells and Epigenetic Memory in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E930. [PMID: 29561778 PMCID: PMC5979574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have significant implications for overcoming most of the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. The pattern of expressed genes, DNA methylation, and covalent histone modifications in iPS cells are very similar to those in ES cells. However, it has recently been shown that, following the reprogramming of mouse/human iPS cells, epigenetic memory is inherited from the parental cells. These findings suggest that the phenotype of iPS cells may be influenced by their cells of origin and that their skewed differentiation potential may prove useful in the generation of differentiated cell types that are currently difficult to produce from ES/iPS cells for the treatment of human diseases. Our recent study demonstrated the generation of induced tissue-specific stem (iTS) cells by transient overexpression of the reprogramming factors combined with tissue-specific selection. iTS cells are cells that inherit numerous components of epigenetic memory from donor tissue and acquire self-renewal potential. This review describes the "epigenetic memory" phenomenon in iPS and iTS cells and the possible clinical applications of these stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
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11
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Melatonin promotes neuroprotection of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural stem cells subjected to H 2O 2-induced injury in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:143-150. [PMID: 29462594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly extracted from the pineal gland with neuroprotective effects. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functions. However, the mechanism of melatonin against reactive oxygen species is unclear. Here, we explore the potential proliferative and neuroprotective mechanism of melatonin on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NSCs were induced from iPSCs, then pretreated with 500 μM H2O2, 1 μM melatonin, 1 μM melatonin receptor antagonist (Luzindole), or 10 μM Phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002). The results showed that melatonin stimulated proliferation of iPSC-derived NSCs on H2O2 exposure. Melatonin also markedly improved stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the rate of apoptosis. Treatment with Luzindole or LY294002 inhibited the increasing proliferative and neuroprotective effects of melatonin on iPSC-derived NSCs with H2O2 treatment. Our results further demonstrated that these promotional effects of melatonin were related with the activity of phosphorylation of AKT. Therefore, these outcomes propose that melatonin protects iPSC-derived NSCs from H2O2-induced injury through the mediation of melatonin receptor and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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12
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Bansho Y, Lee J, Nishida E, Nakajima-Koyama M. Identification and characterization of secreted factors that are upregulated during somatic cell reprogramming. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1584-1600. [PMID: 28471520 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell reprogramming has been characterized considerably since the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the importance of cell-cell communications for cellular reprogramming remains largely unknown. Secreted factors, which are expressed and secreted during reprogramming, may influence the reprogramming efficiency. Here, we have identified Sostdc1, Glb1l2, Fetub, Dpp4, Gdf3, Trh, and Tdgf1 as prominently upregulated secreted factors during reprogramming. Our detailed analysis reveals that these seven factors may be categorized into four groups based on their expression patterns in relation to the reprogramming stages. Remarkably, knockdown of Sostdc1, which is the most prominently upregulated factor and which is expressed earlier than the other six factors, results in reduced reprogramming efficiency, suggesting its involvement in the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Bansho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Joonseong Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Yang H, Zhang L, An J, Zhang Q, Liu C, He B, Hao DJ. MicroRNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Neural Stem Cells or Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1587-1600. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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