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Zhou Y, Cheng L, Liu L, Li X. NK cells are never alone: crosstalk and communication in tumour microenvironments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:34. [PMID: 36797782 PMCID: PMC9933398 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune escape is a hallmark of cancer. The dynamic and heterogeneous tumour microenvironment (TME) causes insufficient infiltration and poor efficacy of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy, which becomes a key factor triggering tumour progression. Understanding the crosstalk between NK cells and the TME provides new insights for optimising NK cell-based immunotherapy. Here, we present new advances in direct or indirect crosstalk between NK cells and 9 specialised TMEs, including immune, metabolic, innervated niche, mechanical, and microbial microenvironments, summarise TME-mediated mechanisms of NK cell function inhibition, and highlight potential targeted therapies for NK-TME crosstalk. Importantly, we discuss novel strategies to overcome the inhibitory TME and provide an attractive outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000 China ,grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China ,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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2
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Dohnálek J, Skálová T. C-type lectin-(like) fold - Protein-protein interaction patterns and utilization. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107944. [PMID: 35301089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin-like fold (CTL fold) is a building block of many proteins, including saccharide-binding lectins, natural killer cell receptors, macrophage mannose receptor, selectins, collectins, snake venoms and others. Some are important players in innate immunity and are involved in the first-line response to virally infected cells or cancer cells, some play a role in antimicrobial defense, and some are potential targets for fight against problems connected with allergies, obesity, and autoimmunity. The structure of a CTL domain typically contains two α-helices, two small β-sheets and a long surface loop, with two or three disulfide bridges stabilizing the structure. This small domain is often involved in interactions with a target molecule, however, utilizing varied parts of the domain surface, with or without structural modifications. More than 500 three-dimensional structures of CTL fold-containing proteins are available in the Protein Data Bank, including a significant number of complexes with their key interacting partners (protein:protein complexes). The amount of available structural data enables a detailed analysis of the rules of interaction patterns utilized in activation, inhibition, attachment and other pathways or functionalities. Interpretation of known CTL receptor structures and all other CTL-containing proteins and complexes with described three-dimensional structures, complemented with sequence/structure/interaction correlation analysis offers a comprehensive view of the rules of interaction patterns of the CTL fold. The results are of value for prediction of interaction behavior of so far not understood CTL-containing proteins and development of new protein binders based on this fold, with applications in biomedicine or biotechnologies. It follows from the available structural data that almost the whole surface of the CTL fold is utilized in protein:protein interactions, with the heaviest frequency of utilization in the canonical interaction region. The individual categories of interactions differ in the interface buildup strategy. The strongest CTL binders rely on interfaces with large interaction area, presence of hydrophobic core, or high surface complementarity. The typical interaction surfaces of the fold are not conserved in amino acid sequence and can be utilized in design of new binders for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dohnálek
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Biocev, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Skálová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Biocev, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
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3
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, Andrews DM, Sullivan LC. Ribosylation of the CD8αβ heterodimer permits binding of the nonclassical major histocompatibility molecule, H2-Q10. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101141. [PMID: 34478713 PMCID: PMC8517849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD8αβ heterodimer plays a crucial role in the stabilization between major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I) and the T cell receptor (TCR). The interaction between CD8 and MHC-I can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, which are proposed to play an important role in the development of CD8 T cells. One modification that has been proposed to control CD8 coreceptor function is ribosylation. Utilizing NAD+, the ecto-enzyme adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl transferase 2.2 (ART2.2) catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribosyl groups onto arginine residues of CD8α or β chains and alters the interaction between the MHC and TCR complexes. To date, only interactions between modified CD8 and classical MHC-I (MHC-Ia), have been investigated and the interaction with non-classical MHC (MHC-Ib) has not been explored. Here, we show that ADP-ribosylation of CD8 facilitates the binding of the liver-restricted nonclassical MHC, H2-Q10, independent of the associated TCR or presented peptide, and propose that this highly regulated binding imposes an additional inhibitory leash on the activation of CD8-expressing cells in the presence of NAD+. These findings highlight additional important roles for nonclassical MHC-I in the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Jennifer Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Mark Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Ma J, Ayres CM, Hellman LM, Devlin JR, Baker BM. Dynamic allostery controls the peptide sensitivity of the Ly49C natural killer receptor. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100686. [PMID: 33891944 PMCID: PMC8138769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors, natural killer (NK) cells protect against disease by eliminating cells that have downregulated class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, such as in response to cell transformation or viral infection. The inhibitory murine NK receptor Ly49C specifically recognizes the class I MHC protein H-2Kb. Unusual among NK receptors, Ly49C exhibits a peptide-dependent sensitivity to H-2Kb recognition, which has not been explained despite detailed structural studies. To gain further insight into Ly49C peptide sensitivity, we examined Ly49C recognition biochemically and through the lens of dynamic allostery. We found that the peptide sensitivity of Ly49C arises through small differences in H-2Kb-binding affinity. Although molecular dynamics simulations supported a role for peptide-dependent protein dynamics in producing these differences in binding affinity, calorimetric measurements indicated an enthalpically as opposed to entropically driven process. A quantitative linkage analysis showed that this emerges from peptide-dependent dynamic tuning of electrostatic interactions across the Ly49C–H-2Kb interface. We propose a model whereby different peptides alter the flexibility of H-2Kb, which in turn changes the strength of electrostatic interactions across the protein–protein interface. Our results provide a quantitative assessment of how peptides alter Ly49C-binding affinity, suggest the underlying mechanism, and demonstrate peptide-driven allostery at work in class I MHC proteins. Lastly, our model provides a solution for how dynamic allostery could impact binding of some, but not all, class I MHC partners depending on the structural and chemical composition of the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Cory M Ayres
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Lance M Hellman
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Nevada State College, Henderson, Nevada, USA
| | - Jason R Devlin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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5
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Visfatin Regulates Inflammatory Mediators in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa Through Toll-Like Receptors Signaling Under Lipopolysaccharide Stress. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:11. [PMID: 33856572 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a multifunctional protein involved in inflammatory immune stress. The aim of current study was to explore the role of visfatin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal mucosal inflammation and to confirm its cellular effect in inflammatory immune response through silencing of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We divided Kunming mice into three groups: Saline group, LPS group, and LPS + visfatin group and performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and RNA-seq analysis. Pretreatment of visfatin improves LPS-stimulated reduction of tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) and secretory immunoglobulin A, inhibits overexpression of Claudin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, and reduces intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis of cellular transcriptomes indicated that visfatin is involved in down-regulation of mRNA level of TLR4 as well as attenuation of protein levels of TLR8 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2, revealing that visfatin could reduce intestinal mucosal inflammation through TLR signaling pathway in mice ileum. In RAW264.7 cells, the genes silencing of Toll/IL-1R family, such as TLR4, TLR2, and IL-1R1, was accompanied by decreased expressions of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1) along with lower cellular visfatin levels. Hence, visfatin maintains the intestinal mucosal barrier structure and attenuates the intestinal mucosal inflammation through the TLR signaling pathway. Likewise, the Toll/IL-1R family regulates the release of visfatin, which can participate in the inflammatory reaction through the regulation of inflammatory factors.
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6
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Unconventional Peptide Presentation by Classical MHC Class I and Implications for T and NK Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207561. [PMID: 33066279 PMCID: PMC7590165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated immune recognition of peptides is initiated upon binding of the antigen receptor on T cells (TCR) to the peptide-MHC complex. TCRs are typically restricted by a particular MHC allele, while polymorphism within the MHC molecule can affect the spectrum of peptides that are bound and presented to the TCR. Classical MHC Class I molecules have a confined binding groove that restricts the length of the presented peptides to typically 8-11 amino acids. Both N- and C-termini of the peptide are bound within binding pockets, allowing the TCR to dock in a diagonal orientation above the MHC-peptide complex. Longer peptides have been observed to bind either in a bulged or zig-zag orientation within the binding groove. More recently, unconventional peptide presentation has been reported for different MHC I molecules. Here, either N- or C-terminal amino acid additions to conventionally presented peptides induced a structural change either within the MHC I molecule that opened the confined binding groove or within the peptide itself, allowing the peptide ends to protrude into the solvent. Since both TCRs on T cells and killer immunoglobulin receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells contact the MHC I molecule above or at the periphery of the peptide binding groove, unconventionally presented peptides could modulate both T cell and NK cell responses. We will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the functional consequences of unconventional peptide presentation in cellular immunity.
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7
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Wei WZ, Gibson HM, Jacob JB, Frelinger JA, Berzofsky JA, Maeng H, Dyson G, Reyes JD, Pilon-Thomas S, Ratner S, Wei KC. Diversity Outbred Mice Reveal the Quantitative Trait Locus and Regulatory Cells of HER2 Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1554-1563. [PMID: 32796024 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis and mechanisms of disparate antitumor immune response was investigated in Diversity Outbred (DO) F1 mice that express human HER2. DO mouse stock samples nearly the entire genetic repertoire of the species. We crossed DO mice with syngeneic HER2 transgenic mice to study the genetics of an anti-self HER2 response in a healthy outbred population. Anti-HER2 IgG was induced by Ad/E2TM or naked pE2TM, both encoding HER2 extracellular and transmembrane domains. The response of DO F1 HER2 transgenic mice was remarkably variable. Still, immune sera inhibited HER2+ SKBR3 cell survival in a dose-dependent fashion. Using DO quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, we mapped the QTL that influences both total IgG and IgG2(a/b/c) Ab response to either Ad/E2TM or pE2TM. QTL from these four datasets identified a region in chromosome 17 that was responsible for regulating the response. A/J and NOD segments of genes in this region drove elevated HER2 Ig levels. This region is rich in MHC-IB genes, several of which interact with inhibitory receptors of NK cells. (B6xA/J)F1 and (B6xNOD)F1 HER2 transgenic mice received Ad/E2TM after NK cell depletion, and they produced less HER2 IgG, demonstrating positive regulatory function of NK cells. Depletion of regulatory T cells enhanced response. Using DO QTL analysis, we show that MHC-IB reactive NK cells exert positive influence on the immunity, countering negative regulation by regulatory T cells. This new, to our knowledge, DO F1 platform is a powerful tool for revealing novel immune regulatory mechanisms and for testing new interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zen Wei
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201;
| | - Heather M Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Jennifer B Jacob
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Jeffrey A Frelinger
- Valley Fever Center of Excellence, Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Hoyoung Maeng
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Joyce D Reyes
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Stuart Ratner
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Kuang-Chung Wei
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
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8
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Meza Guzman LG, Keating N, Nicholson SE. Natural Killer Cells: Tumor Surveillance and Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040952. [PMID: 32290478 PMCID: PMC7226588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy due to their innate ability to detect and kill tumorigenic cells. The decision to kill is determined by the expression of a myriad of activating and inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface. Cell-to-cell engagement results in either self-tolerance or a cytotoxic response, governed by a fine balance between the signaling cascades downstream of the activating and inhibitory receptors. To evade a cytotoxic immune response, tumor cells can modulate the surface expression of receptor ligands and additionally, alter the conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tilting the scales toward a suppressed cytotoxic NK response. To fully harness the killing power of NK cells for clinical benefit, we need to understand what defines the threshold for activation and what is required to break tolerance. This review will focus on the intracellular signaling pathways activated or suppressed in NK cells and the roles signaling intermediates play during an NK cytotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth G. Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.M.G.); (S.E.N.); Tel.: +61-9345-2555 (S.E.N.)
| | - Narelle Keating
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.M.G.); (S.E.N.); Tel.: +61-9345-2555 (S.E.N.)
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9
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, Matsumoto A, McMullen JR, Eckle SB, Bertolino P, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. Multiple receptors converge on H2-Q10 to regulate NK and γδT-cell development. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:326-339. [PMID: 30537346 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Class Ib major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an extended family of molecules, which demonstrate tissue-specific expression and presentation of monomorphic antigens. These characteristics tend to imbue class Ib MHC with unique functions. H2-Q10 is potentially one such molecule that is overexpressed in the liver but its immunological function is not known. We have previously shown that H2-Q10 is a ligand for the natural killer cell receptor Ly49C and now, using H2-Q10-deficient mice, we demonstrate that H2-Q10 can also stabilize the expression of Qa-1b. In the absence of H2-Q10, the development and maturation of conventional hepatic natural killer cells is disrupted. We also provide evidence that H2-Q10 is a new high affinity ligand for CD8αα and controls the development of liver-resident CD8αα γδT cells. These data demonstrate that H2-Q10 has multiple roles in the development of immune subsets and identify an overlap of recognition within the class Ib MHC that is likely to be relevant to the regulation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aya Matsumoto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sidonia B Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology program Centenary Institute, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Deuss FA, Watson GM, Fu Z, Rossjohn J, Berry R. Structural Basis for CD96 Immune Receptor Recognition of Nectin-like Protein-5, CD155. Structure 2018; 27:219-228.e3. [PMID: 30528596 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CD96, DNAM-1, and TIGIT constitute a group of immunoglobulin superfamily receptors that are key regulators of tumor immune surveillance. Within this axis, CD96 recognizes the adhesion molecule nectin-like protein-5 (necl-5), although the molecular basis underpinning this interaction remains unclear. We show that the first immunoglobulin domain (D1) of CD96 is sufficient to mediate a robust interaction with necl-5, but not the DNAM-1 and TIGIT ligand, nectin-2. The crystal structure of CD96-D1 bound to the necl-5 ectodomain revealed that CD96 recognized necl-5 D1 via a conserved "lock-and-key" interaction observed across TIGIT:necl complexes. Specific necl-5 recognition was underpinned by a novel structural motif within CD96, namely an "ancillary key". Mutational analysis showed that this specific residue was critical for necl-5 binding, while simultaneously providing insights into the unique ligand specificity of CD96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Deuss
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Watson
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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11
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Shi L, Li K, Guo Y, Banerjee A, Wang Q, Lorenz UM, Parlak M, Sullivan LC, Onyema OO, Arefanian S, Stelow EB, Brautigan DL, Bullock TNJ, Brown MG, Krupnick AS. Modulation of NKG2D, NKp46, and Ly49C/I facilitates natural killer cell-mediated control of lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11808-11813. [PMID: 30381460 PMCID: PMC6243255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804931115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in controlling malignancies. Susceptibility or resistance to lung cancer, for example, specifically depends on NK cell function. Nevertheless, intrinsic factors that control NK cell-mediated clearance of lung cancer are unknown. Here we report that NK cells exposed to exogenous major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) provide a significant immunologic barrier to the growth and progression of malignancy. Clearance of lung cancer is facilitated by up-regulation of NKG2D, NKp46, and other activating receptors upon exposure to environmental MHCI. Surface expression of the inhibitory receptor Ly49C/I, on the other hand, is down-regulated upon exposure to tumor-bearing tissue. We thus demonstrate that NK cells exhibit dynamic plasticity in surface expression of both activating and inhibitory receptors based on the environmental context. Our data suggest that altering the activation state of NK cells may contribute to immunologic control of lung and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Mahmut Parlak
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Saeed Arefanian
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 43110
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - David L Brautigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Timothy N J Bullock
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Michael G Brown
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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12
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Balaji GR, Aguilar OA, Tanaka M, Shingu-Vazquez MA, Fu Z, Gully BS, Lanier LL, Carlyle JR, Rossjohn J, Berry R. Recognition of host Clr-b by the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor provides a basis for missing-self recognition. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4623. [PMID: 30397201 PMCID: PMC6218473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors and their cognate ligands constitutes a key mechanism by which healthy tissues are protected from NK cell-mediated lysis. However, self-ligand recognition remains poorly understood within the prototypical NKR-P1 receptor family. Here we report the structure of the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor bound to its cognate host ligand, Clr-b. NKR-P1B and Clr-b interact via a head-to-head docking mode through an interface that includes a large array of polar interactions. NKR-P1B:Clr-b recognition is extremely sensitive to mutations at the heterodimeric interface, with most mutations severely impacting both Clr-b binding and NKR-P1B receptor function to implicate a low affinity interaction. Within the structure, two NKR-P1B:Clr-b complexes are cross-linked by a non-classic NKR-P1B homodimer, and the disruption of homodimer formation abrogates Clr-b recognition. These data provide an insight into a fundamental missing-self recognition system and suggest an avidity-based mechanism underpins NKR-P1B receptor function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/chemistry
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/genetics
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham R Balaji
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Miguel A Shingu-Vazquez
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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13
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. The expanding role of murine class Ib MHC in the development and activation of Natural Killer cells. Mol Immunol 2018; 115:31-38. [PMID: 29789149 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex-I (MHC-I) molecules can be divided into class Ia and class Ib, with three distinct class Ib families found in the mouse. These families are designated as Q, T and M and are largely unexplored in terms of their immunological function. Among the class Ib MHC, H2-T23 (Qa-1b) has been a significant target for Natural Killer (NK) cell research, owing to its homology with the human class Ib human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E. However, recent data has indicated that members of the Q and M family of class Ib MHC also play a critical role in the development and regulation NK cells. Here we discuss the recent advances in the control of NK cells by murine class Ib MHC as a means to stimulate further exploration of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Dai KZ, Ryan JC, Naper C, Vaage JT. Identification of MHC Class Ib Ligands for Stimulatory and Inhibitory Ly49 Receptors and Induction of Potent NK Cell Alloresponses in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29531166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Early studies indicate that rats may have a repertoire of MHC class Ib-reactive Ly49 stimulatory receptors capable of mounting memory-like NK cell alloresponses. In this article, we provide molecular and functional evidence for this assumption. Pairs of Ly49 receptors with sequence similarities in the lectin-like domains, but with opposing signaling functions, showed specificity for ligands with class Ia-like structural features encoded from the first telomeric MHC class Ib gene cluster, RT1-CE, which is syntenic with the H2-D/H2-L/H2-Q cluster in mice. The activating Ly49s4 receptor and its inhibitory counterparts, Ly49i4 and Ly49i3, reacted with all allelic variants of RT1-U, whereas Ly49s5 and Ly49i5 were specific for RT1-Eu NK cell cytolytic responses were predictably activated and inhibited, and potent in vivo NK alloresponses were induced by repeated MHC class Ib alloimmunizations. Additional Ly49-class Ib interactions, including RT1-Cl with the Ly49s4/Ly49i4/Ly49i3 group of receptors, were characterized using overexpressed receptor/ligand pairs, in vitro functional assays, and limited mutational analyses. Obvious, as well as subtle, Ly49-class Ib interactions led to ligand-induced receptor calibration and NK subset expansions in vivo. Together, these studies suggest that in vivo NK alloresponses are controlled by pleomorphic Ly49-class Ib interactions, some of which may not be easily detectable in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zheng Dai
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - James C Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121; and
| | - Christian Naper
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Deuss FA, Gully BS, Rossjohn J, Berry R. Recognition of nectin-2 by the natural killer cell receptor T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11413-11422. [PMID: 28515320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT recognizes nectin and nectin-like adhesion molecules and thus plays a critical role in the innate immune response to malignant transformation. Although the TIGIT nectin-like protein-5 (necl-5) interaction is well understood, how TIGIT engages nectin-2, a receptor that is broadly over-expressed in breast and ovarian cancer, remains unknown. Here, we show that TIGIT bound to the immunoglobulin domain of nectin-2 that is most distal from the membrane with an affinity of 6 μm, which was moderately lower than the affinity observed for the TIGIT/necl-5 interaction (3.2 μm). The TIGIT/nectin-2 binding disrupted pre-assembled nectin-2 oligomers, suggesting that receptor-ligand and ligand-ligand associations are mutually exclusive events. Indeed, the crystal structure of TIGIT bound to the first immunoglobulin domain of nectin-2 indicated that the receptor and ligand dock using the same molecular surface and a conserved "lock and key" binding motifs previously observed to mediate nectin/nectin homotypic interactions as well as TIGIT/necl-5 recognition. Using a mutagenesis approach, we dissected the energetic basis for the TIGIT/nectin-2 interaction and revealed that an "aromatic key" of nectin-2 is critical for this interaction, whereas variations in the lock were tolerated. Moreover, we found that the C-C' loop of the ligand dictates the TIGIT binding hierarchy. Altogether, these findings broaden our understanding of nectin/nectin receptor interactions and have implications for better understanding the molecular basis for autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Deuss
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Berry
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
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16
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Zeleznjak J, Popovic B, Krmpotic A, Jonjic S, Lisnic VJ. Mouse cytomegalovirus encoded immunoevasins and evolution of Ly49 receptors - Sidekicks or enemies? Immunol Lett 2017; 189:40-47. [PMID: 28414184 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have dedicated a large portion of their genome towards immune evasion targeting many aspects of the host immune system, particularly NK cells. However, the host managed to cope with the infection by developing multiple mechanisms to recognize viral threat and counterattack it, thus illustrating never-ending evolutionary interplay between CMV and its host. In this review, we will focus on several mechanisms of NK cell evasion by mouse CMV (MCMV), the role of host inhibitory and activating Ly49 receptors involved in the virus control and acquisition of adaptive features by NK cells as a consequence of MCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Zeleznjak
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branka Popovic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia; Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranic Lisnic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia; Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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17
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Abstract
Triggering of cell-mediated immunity is largely dependent on the recognition of foreign or abnormal molecules by a myriad of cell surface-bound receptors. Many activating immune receptors do not possess any intrinsic signaling capacity but instead form noncovalent complexes with one or more dimeric signaling modules that communicate with a common set of kinases to initiate intracellular information-transfer pathways. This modular architecture, where the ligand binding and signaling functions are detached from one another, is a common theme that is widely employed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of immune systems. The evolutionary advantages of this highly adaptable platform for molecular recognition are visible in the variety of ligand-receptor interactions that can be linked to common signaling pathways, the diversification of receptor modules in response to pathogen challenges, and the amplification of cellular responses through incorporation of multiple signaling motifs. Here we provide an overview of the major classes of modular activating immune receptors and outline the current state of knowledge regarding how these receptors assemble, recognize their ligands, and ultimately trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways that activate immune cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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