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Yang F, Yang X, Zhu H, Wang X, Liao X, Fu Y, Fu T, Chen X, Sysa A, Lyu J, Zhou H. The essential role of adenine nucleotide translocase 4 on male reproductive function in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13590. [PMID: 38808891 PMCID: PMC11136480 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocator 4 (Ant4), an ATP/ADP transporter expressed in the early phases of spermatogenesis, plays a crucial role in male fertility. While Ant4 loss causes early arrest of meiosis and increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in male mice, its other potential functions in male fertility remain unexplored. Here, we utilized Ant4 knockout mice to delineate the effects of Ant4-deficiency on male reproduction. Our observations demonstrated that Ant4-deficiency led to infertility and impaired testicular development, which was further investigated by evaluating testicular oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Specifically, the loss of Ant4 led to an imbalance of oxidation and antioxidants. Significant ultrastructural alterations were identified in the testicular tissues of Ant4-deficient mice, including swelling of mitochondria, loss of cristae, and accumulation of autophagosomes. Our results also showed that autophagic flux and AKT-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway were affected in Ant4-deficient mice. Moreover, Ant4 loss increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Overall, our findings underscored the importance of Ant4 in regulating oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation in testicular tissues. Taken together, these insights provided a nuanced understanding of the significance of Ant4 in testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinxu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Zhou Z, Arroum T, Luo X, Kang R, Lee YJ, Tang D, Hüttemann M, Song X. Diverse functions of cytochrome c in cell death and disease. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 38521844 PMCID: PMC11043370 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox-active protein cytochrome c is a highly positively charged hemoglobin that regulates cell fate decisions of life and death. Under normal physiological conditions, cytochrome c is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, and its distribution can extend to the cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space under specific pathological or stress-induced conditions. In the mitochondria, cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, facilitating adenosine triphosphate synthesis, regulating cardiolipin peroxidation, and influencing reactive oxygen species dynamics. Upon cellular stress, it can be released into the cytosol, where it interacts with apoptotic peptidase activator 1 (APAF1) to form the apoptosome, initiating caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, following exposure to pro-apoptotic compounds, cytochrome c contributes to the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells. When translocated to the nucleus, it can induce chromatin condensation and disrupt nucleosome assembly. Upon its release into the extracellular space, cytochrome c may act as an immune mediator during cell death processes, highlighting its multifaceted role in cellular biology. In this review, we explore the diverse structural and functional aspects of cytochrome c in physiological and pathological responses. We summarize how posttranslational modifications of cytochrome c (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, tyrosine nitration, and oxidation), binding proteins (e.g., HIGD1A, CHCHD2, ITPR1, and nucleophosmin), and mutations (e.g., G41S, Y48H, and A51V) affect its function. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the latest advanced technologies utilized for detecting cytochrome c, along with potential therapeutic approaches related to this protein. These strategies hold tremendous promise in personalized health care, presenting opportunities for targeted interventions in a wide range of conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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3
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Morse PT, Arroum T, Wan J, Pham L, Vaishnav A, Bell J, Pavelich L, Malek MH, Sanderson TH, Edwards BFP, Hüttemann M. Phosphorylations and Acetylations of Cytochrome c Control Mitochondrial Respiration, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Energy, ROS, and Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:493. [PMID: 38534337 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) has both life-sustaining and cellular death-related functions, depending on subcellular localization. Within mitochondria, Cytc acts as a single electron carrier as part of the electron transport chain (ETC). When released into the cytosol after cellular insult, Cytc triggers the assembly of the apoptosome, committing the cell to intrinsic apoptosis. Due to these dual natures, Cytc requires strong regulation by the cell, including post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation. Six phosphorylation sites and three acetylation sites have been detected on Cytc in vivo. Phosphorylations at T28, S47, Y48, T49, T58, and Y97 tend to be present under basal conditions in a tissue-specific manner. In contrast, the acetylations at K8, K39, and K53 tend to be present in specific pathophysiological conditions. All of the phosphorylation sites and two of the three acetylation sites partially inhibit respiration, which we propose serves to maintain an optimal, intermediate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) to minimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cytc phosphorylations are lost during ischemia, which drives ETC hyperactivity and ΔΨm hyperpolarization, resulting in exponential ROS production thus causing reperfusion injury following ischemia. One of the acetylation sites, K39, shows a unique behavior in that it is gained during ischemia, stimulating respiration while blocking apoptosis, demonstrating that skeletal muscle, which is particularly resilient to ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to other organs, possesses a different metabolic strategy to handle ischemic stress. The regulation of Cytc by these post-translational modifications underscores the importance of Cytc for the ETC, ΔΨm, ROS production, apoptosis, and the cell as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lucynda Pham
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jamie Bell
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lauren Pavelich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian F P Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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4
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Wider JM, Gruley E, Morse PT, Wan J, Lee I, Anzell AR, Fogo GM, Mathieu J, Hish G, O'Neil B, Neumar RW, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Modulation of mitochondrial function with near-infrared light reduces brain injury in a translational model of cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2023; 27:491. [PMID: 38098060 PMCID: PMC10720207 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to brain injury following cardiac arrest; therefore, therapies that limit mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to improve neurological outcomes. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain is a critical component of mitochondrial injury and is dependent on hyperactivation of mitochondria following resuscitation. Our previous studies have provided evidence that modulating mitochondrial function with specific near-infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce post-ischemic mitochondrial hyperactivity, thereby reducing brain injury during reperfusion in multiple small animal models. METHODS Isolated porcine brain cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was used to investigate the mechanism of NIR-induced mitochondrial modulation. Cultured primary neurons from mice expressing mitoQC were utilized to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms related to protection with NIR following ischemia-reperfusion. Anesthetized pigs were used to optimize the delivery of NIR to the brain by measuring the penetration depth of NIR to deep brain structures and tissue heating. Finally, a model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with CPR in adult pigs was used to evaluate the translational potential of NIR as a noninvasive therapeutic approach to protect the brain after resuscitation. RESULTS Molecular evaluation of enzyme activity during NIR irradiation demonstrated COX function was reduced in an intensity-dependent manner with a threshold of enzyme inhibition leading to a moderate reduction in activity without complete inhibition. Mechanistic interrogation in neurons demonstrated that mitochondrial swelling and upregulation of mitophagy were reduced with NIR treatment. NIR therapy in large animals is feasible, as NIR penetrates deep into the brain without substantial tissue heating. In a translational porcine model of CA/CPR, transcranial NIR treatment for two hours at the onset of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced histologic evidence of brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS NIR modulates mitochondrial function which improves mitochondrial dynamics and quality control following ischemia/reperfusion. Noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial treatment of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury and improves neurologic functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Erin Gruley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony R Anzell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Mathieu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Gerald Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Clinical Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, 1280 S. East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA.
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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5
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Morse PT, Pérez-Mejías G, Wan J, Turner AA, Márquez I, Kalpage HA, Vaishnav A, Zurek MP, Huettemann PP, Kim K, Arroum T, De la Rosa MA, Chowdhury DD, Lee I, Brunzelle JS, Sanderson TH, Malek MH, Meierhofer D, Edwards BFP, Díaz-Moreno I, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome c lysine acetylation regulates cellular respiration and cell death in ischemic skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4166. [PMID: 37443314 PMCID: PMC10345088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is more resilient to ischemia-reperfusion injury than other organs. Tissue specific post-translational modifications of cytochrome c (Cytc) are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. Here, we describe an acetylation site of Cytc, lysine 39 (K39), which was mapped in ischemic porcine skeletal muscle and removed by sirtuin5 in vitro. Using purified protein and cellular double knockout models, we show that K39 acetylation and acetylmimetic K39Q replacement increases cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and ROS scavenging while inhibiting apoptosis via decreased binding to Apaf-1, caspase cleavage and activity, and cardiolipin peroxidase activity. These results are discussed with X-ray crystallography structures of K39 acetylated (1.50 Å) and acetylmimetic K39Q Cytc (1.36 Å) and NMR dynamics. We propose that K39 acetylation is an adaptive response that controls electron transport chain flux, allowing skeletal muscle to meet heightened energy demand while simultaneously providing the tissue with robust resilience to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Alice A Turner
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Inmaculada Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew P Zurek
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Philipp P Huettemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Katherine Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dipanwita Dutta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Center for Synchrotron Research, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian F P Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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6
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Brand SE, Scharlau M, Geren L, Hendrix M, Parson C, Elmendorf T, Neel E, Pianalto K, Silva-Nash J, Durham B, Millett F. Accelerated Evolution of Cytochrome c in Higher Primates, and Regulation of the Reaction between Cytochrome c and Cytochrome Oxidase by Phosphorylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244014. [PMID: 36552779 PMCID: PMC9777161 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cc) underwent accelerated evolution from the stem of the anthropoid primates to humans. Of the 11 amino acid changes that occurred from horse Cc to human Cc, five were at Cc residues near the binding site of the Cc:CcO complex. Single-point mutants of horse and human Cc were made at each of these positions. The Cc:CcO dissociation constant KD of the horse mutants decreased in the order: T89E > native horse Cc > V11I Cc > Q12M > D50A > A83V > native human. The largest effect was observed for the mutants at residue 50, where the horse Cc D50A mutant decreased KD from 28.4 to 11.8 μM, and the human Cc A50D increased KD from 4.7 to 15.7 μM. To investigate the role of Cc phosphorylation in regulating the reaction with CcO, phosphomimetic human Cc mutants were prepared. The Cc T28E, S47E, and Y48E mutants increased the dissociation rate constant kd, decreased the formation rate constant kf, and increased the equilibrium dissociation constant KD of the Cc:CcO complex. These studies indicate that phosphorylation of these residues plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial electron transport and membrane potential ΔΨ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Scharlau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lois Geren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Marissa Hendrix
- Independent Researcher, P.O. Box 603, Dardanelle, AR 72834, USA
| | - Clayre Parson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tyler Elmendorf
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Earl Neel
- Tulsa Bone and Joint Associates, Tulsa, OK 74146, USA
| | - Kaila Pianalto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Bill Durham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Francis Millett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Omura I, Ishimori K, Uchida T. Converting cytochrome c into a DyP-like metalloenzyme. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12641-12649. [PMID: 35929826 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), which can degrade anthraquinone dyes using H2O2, is an attractive prospect for potential biotechnological applications for environmental purification. We previously designed an artificial DyP with an optimal pH for reactive blue 19 (RB19) degradation shifting from pH 4.5 to 6.5. We then attempted to degrade RB19 using Escherichia coli expressing this mutant, but RB19 was degraded equally compared with bacteria expressing wild-type (WT) DyP because most DyP was expressed in a heme-free form. In this study, we attempted to design an artificial peroxidase based on cytochrome c (cyt c), whose heme is covalently bound to the protein. We found that cyt c can degrade RB19, but its ability at pH 7.0 was ∼60% of that of DyP from Vibrio cholerae at pH 4.5. To enhance this activity we constructed several mutants using three approaches. Initially, to improve reactivity with H2O2, Met80 was replaced with a noncoordinating residue, Ala or Val, but catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was increased by only ∼1.5-fold. To enhance the substrate binding affinity we introduced an additional Trp by replacing Pro76 (P76W). The catalytic efficiency of this mutant was ∼3-fold greater than that of WT cyt c. Finally, to form a hydrogen bond to axial histidine Gly29 was replaced with Asp (G29D). This mutant exhibited an ∼80-fold greater dye-decolorizing activity. Escherichia coli expressing the G29D mutant was unable to degrade RB19 in solution due to degradation of heme itself, but this study provides new insights into the design of artificial DyPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Omura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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8
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Min F, Liu X, Li Y, Dong M, Qu Y, Liu W. Carnosic Acid Suppresses the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760861. [PMID: 34900710 PMCID: PMC8662526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) predominantly consists of squamous cells and is the tumor with the highest incidence of the head and neck. Carnosic acid (CA), a natural monomer drug obtained from rosemary and salvia, shows various pharmacological effects, including of tumor development. This study aimed to assess for an effect of CA on the development of OSCC and the underlying mechanisms. In CAL27 and SCC9 cells, CA inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and promoted apoptosis. In CAL27- and SCC9-xenotransplanted BALB/c nude mice, CA inhibited the tumor growth without affecting the body weight and tissue morphology. CA upregulated Bax, Bad, cleaved Caspase-3 and -9 levels, and the cleaved PARP1/PARP1 ratio but downregulated Bcl-2 in CA-treated OSCC cells and OSCC cells-xenotransplanted BALB/c nude mice. These results indicate that CA suppresses OSCC at least via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and offers this natural compound as a potential therapeutic against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghe Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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9
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Márquez I, Pérez‐Mejías G, Guerra‐Castellano A, Olloqui‐Sariego JL, Andreu R, Calvente JJ, De la Rosa MA, Díaz‐Moreno I. Structural and functional insights into lysine acetylation of cytochrome c using mimetic point mutants. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3304-3323. [PMID: 34455704 PMCID: PMC8634867 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications frequently modulate protein functions. Lysine acetylation in particular plays a key role in interactions between respiratory cytochrome c and its metabolic partners. To date, in vivo acetylation of lysines at positions 8 and 53 has specifically been identified in mammalian cytochrome c, but little is known about the structural basis of acetylation-induced functional changes. Here, we independently replaced these two residues in recombinant human cytochrome c with glutamine to mimic lysine acetylation and then characterized the structure and function of the resulting K8Q and K53Q mutants. We found that the physicochemical features were mostly unchanged in the two acetyl-mimetic mutants, but their thermal stability was significantly altered. NMR chemical shift perturbations of the backbone amide resonances revealed local structural changes, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer in mutants immobilized on gold electrodes showed an increase in both protein dynamics and solvent involvement in the redox process. We also observed that the K8Q (but not the K53Q) mutation slightly increased the binding affinity of cytochrome c to its physiological electron donor, cytochrome c1 -which is a component of mitochondrial complex III, or cytochrome bc1 -thus suggesting that Lys8 (but not Lys53) is located in the interaction area. Finally, the K8Q and K53Q mutants exhibited reduced efficiency as electron donors to complex IV, or cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Márquez
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ)Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja)University of Seville – CSICSpain
| | - Gonzalo Pérez‐Mejías
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ)Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja)University of Seville – CSICSpain
| | - Alejandra Guerra‐Castellano
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ)Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja)University of Seville – CSICSpain
| | | | - Rafael Andreu
- Departament of Physical ChemistryUniversity of SevilleSpain
| | | | - Miguel A. De la Rosa
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ)Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja)University of Seville – CSICSpain
| | - Irene Díaz‐Moreno
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ)Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja)University of Seville – CSICSpain
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10
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Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111824. [PMID: 34829696 PMCID: PMC8614740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in removing various types of ROS or repairing the oxidative damage of biological molecules. Under normal conditions, ROS production is low, and mitochondria, which are their primary target, are slightly damaged in a similar way to other cellular compartments, since the ROS released by the mitochondria into the cytosol are negligible. As the mitochondrial generation of ROS increases, they can deactivate components of the respiratory chain and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, and mitochondria release a high amount of ROS that damage cellular structures. More recently, the feature of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which does not specifically deal with intramitochondrial ROS, was discovered. Indeed, the mitochondrial antioxidant system detoxifies exogenous ROS species at the expense of reducing the equivalents generated in mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria are also a sink of ROS. These observations highlight the importance of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which should be considered in our understanding of ROS-regulated processes. These processes include cell signaling and the progression of metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.
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11
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Maccari S, Buoncervello M, Ascione B, Stati T, Macchia D, Fidanza S, Catalano L, Matarrese P, Gabriele L, Marano G. α-adrenoceptor stimulation attenuates melanoma growth in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1371-1383. [PMID: 34766341 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently, β-adrenoceptor blockade has emerged as a potential strategy to inhibit melanoma growth. However, it remains to be ascertained whether β-adrenoceptor stimulation by circulating catecholamines increases melanoma growth in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice were used to evaluate effects of adrenaline and specific adrenoceptor (AR) ligands on tumor volume. AR expression as well as effects of AR ligands on cell viability, production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and proliferation activity in B16F10 cells were determined by biochemical analyses. KEY RESULTS qPCR analyses revealed that B16F10 cells express both α- (α1B-, α2A- and α2B-AR) and β-ARs (β2 -AR). We found that treatment with the α- and β-AR agonist adrenaline or with the synthetic catecholamine isoprenaline, that selectively stimulates β-ARs, did not affect melanoma growth. Conversely, adrenaline reduced tumor growth in mice co-treated with propranolol, a β1β2-AR antagonist. Adrenaline had no effect in tumor-bearing β1β2-AR knockout mice, in which β1- and β2-ARs are lacking, but it reduced tumor growth when co-administered with propranolol suggesting that tumor β2-ARs negatively regulate adrenaline antitumor activity. Additionally, we found that α1-AR stimulation with cirazoline yielded a decrease in B16F10 melanoma size. These effects on melanoma growth were paralleled by reduced cell viability and proliferation activity as well as increased mROS production in α1-AR-stimulated B16F10 cells. Decreased viability, proliferation and mitochondrial function in B16F10 cells also occurred after α2-AR stimulation by α2-AR agonist ST-91. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In B16F10 melanoma model, stimulation of α-AR subtypes yields in vivo and in vitro anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Fidanza
- Center for animal experimentation and well-being, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine
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12
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Heidorn-Czarna M, Heidorn HM, Fernando S, Sanislav O, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Mutzel R, Fisher PR. Chronic Activation of AMPK Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Differential Phosphorylation and Abundance of Mitochondrial Proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111675. [PMID: 34769115 PMCID: PMC8584165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is a highly controlled process that depends on diverse signalling pathways responding to cellular and environmental signals. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical metabolic enzyme that acts at a central control point in cellular energy homeostasis. Numerous studies have revealed the crucial roles of AMPK in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that, in cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, the overexpression of the catalytic α subunit of AMPK led to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which was accompanied by reduced cell growth and aberrant development. Here, we applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics of Dictyostelium mitochondria to determine the impact of chronically active AMPKα on the phosphorylation state and abundance of mitochondrial proteins and to identify potential protein targets leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with variations in the phosphorylation levels and abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, inner membrane biogenesis, and cellular signalling. The observed changes are accompanied by elevated mitochondrial respiratory activity in the AMPK overexpression strain. Our work is the first study reporting on the global phosphoproteome profiling of D. discoideum mitochondria and its changes as a response to constitutively active AMPK. We also propose an interplay between the AMPK and mTORC1 signalling pathways in controlling the cellular growth and biogenesis of mitochondria in Dictyostelium as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Heidorn-Czarna
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-62-73
| | - Herbert-Michael Heidorn
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanjanie Fernando
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rupert Mutzel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul R. Fisher
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
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13
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Correlated electric field modulation of electron transfer parameters and the access to alternative conformations of multifunctional cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 143:107956. [PMID: 34624727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein that, in its native conformation, shuttles electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Conformational transitions that involve replacement of the heme distal ligand lead to the gain of alternative peroxidase activity, which is crucial for membrane permeabilization during apoptosis. Using a time-resolved SERR spectroelectrochemical approach, we found that the key physicochemical parameters that characterize the electron transfer (ET) canonic function and those that determine the transition to alternative conformations are strongly correlated and are modulated by local electric fields (LEF) of biologically meaningful magnitude. The electron shuttling function is optimized at moderate LEFs of around 1 V nm-1. A decrease of the LEF is detrimental for ET as it rises the reorganization energy. Moreover, LEF values below and above the optimal for ET favor alternative conformations with peroxidase activity and downshifted reduction potentials. The underlying proposed mechanism is the LEF modulation of the flexibility of crucial protein segments, which produces a differential effect on the kinetic ET and conformational parameters of Cytc. These findings might be related to variations in the mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis, as the basis for the switch between canonic and alternative functions of Cytc. Moreover, they highlight the possible role of variable LEFs in determining the function of other moonlighting proteins through modulation of the protein dynamics.
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14
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Samsri S, Pornsuwan S. Influence of cysteine-directed mutations at the Ω-loops on peroxidase activity of human cytochrome c. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108980. [PMID: 34224685 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein associated with electron shuttling in the inner membrane of mitochondria and also involving in the apoptotic pathway. It has been identified that mutations located in the flexible central 40-57 Ω-loop including the naturally occurring G41S, Y48H, and A51V mutants, which are found in patients with thrombocytopenia 4, a platelet disorder, alter the structural properties of human Cytc (hCytc) that associated to enhanced peroxidase activity. In this work we compared the cysteine-directed mutants of hCytc located in three different parts of Ω-loops, i.e., T28C and G34C (proximal Ω-loop), and A50C (central Ω-loop), with respect to the wild-type (WT) hCytc. The mutants and WT hCytc were structurally characterized by circular dichroism, heating and chemical denaturations, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The flexibility at the cysteine mutated sites was directly determined by site-directed spin-labeling Electron Spin Resonance. Alkaline transitions were determined by pH titration and the alkaline conformers were related to peroxidase activity of all hCytc proteins. Structural and dynamic characterizations were rationally correlated to the modulation of peroxidase activity in these mutants in comparison to the WT hCytc. We found that the cysteine mutations at residues T28 and G34, both located in the same region of Ω-loop, developed different conformations and dynamical properties that lead to different effects on the rates of peroxidase activity (G34C was ~2.6 folds higher), whereas the rate of G34C was closer to that of A50C mutant. The results implied that the flexibility and local structures of the proximal Ω-loop could also play an important role in modulating the peroxidase activity which can be associated to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Samsri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soraya Pornsuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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15
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Başalan Över S, Guven C, Taskin E, Çakmak A, Piner Benli P, Sevgiler Y. Effects of Different Ammonia Levels on Tribenuron Methyl Toxicity in Daphnia magna. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:46-57. [PMID: 33864096 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the toxicity of the herbicide tribenuron methyl (TBM) as an anthropogenic agent and ammonia as an abiotic factor on Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. These stressors may coexist in surface waters in agricultural regions. To achieve this objective, D. magna were exposed to TBM at a nominal concentration of 0.81 μg/L in association with a low ammonia (LA) concentration of 0.65 mg/L and a high ammonia (HA) concentration of 1.61 mg/L in acute toxicity tests of 96-h duration and chronic toxicity tests of 21-day duration. The D. magna also were exposed to TBM, HA, and LA singly. The D. magna were analysed for various biomarkers of sublethal toxicity. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme activities, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total protein were determined spectrophotometrically. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analysed by microscopy with fluorescence staining. Cytochrome c and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were analysed by Western blotting. Morphometric properties were examined microscopically. This is the first study in which AMPK, an indicator of intracellular energy, was measured in D. magna. GST and ChE enzyme activities and TBARS and total protein levels did not change during acute exposures (i.e., 96 h) in all treatments. GPx activity increased in D. magna from the HA + TBM treatment compared with single-exposure groups. The level of cytochrome c protein was elevated in D. magna from the LA and LA + TBM treatments. AMPK protein levels increased in all treatments with daphnids, except in the LA group. MMP was depolarised in D. magna from all treatments, whereas the most notable change was observed in HA + TBM mixture group in chronic exposures. The results show that GST and ChE may not be sensitive biomarkers for evaluating the sublethal toxic effects to D. magna exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of ammonia and TBM. Acute and chronic exposure to ammonia and TBM probably caused an energetic crisis in D. magna. Therefore, AMPK and MMP are promising biomarkers for these toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Başalan Över
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Celal Guven
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Eylem Taskin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Arif Çakmak
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Petek Piner Benli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sevgiler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey.
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16
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Chipuk JE, Mohammed JN, Gelles JD, Chen Y. Mechanistic connections between mitochondrial biology and regulated cell death. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1221-1233. [PMID: 33887204 PMCID: PMC8102388 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ancient, dynamic, and multifaceted functions of the mitochondrial network are essential for organismal homeostasis and contribute to numerous human diseases. As central hubs for metabolism, ion transport, and multiple macromolecular synthesis pathways, mitochondria establish and control extensive signaling networks to ensure cellular survival. In this review, we explore how these same mitochondrial functions also participate in the control of regulated cell death (RCD). We discuss the complementary essential mitochondrial functions as compartments that participate in the production and presentation of key molecules and platforms that actively enable, initiate, and execute RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Jarvier N Mohammed
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jesse D Gelles
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Bazylianska V, Kalpage HA, Wan J, Vaishnav A, Mahapatra G, Turner AA, Chowdhury DD, Kim K, Morse PT, Lee I, Brunzelle JS, Polin L, Subedi P, Heath EI, Podgorski I, Marcus K, Edwards BF, Hüttemann M. Lysine 53 Acetylation of Cytochrome c in Prostate Cancer: Warburg Metabolism and Evasion of Apoptosis. Cells 2021; 10:802. [PMID: 33916826 PMCID: PMC8066186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Two classic cancer hallmarks are a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, and resistance to cell death. Cytochrome c (Cytc) is at the intersection of both pathways, as it is essential for electron transport in mitochondrial respiration and a trigger of intrinsic apoptosis when released from the mitochondria. However, its functional role in cancer has never been studied. Our data show that Cytc is acetylated on lysine 53 in both androgen hormone-resistant and -sensitive human prostate cancer xenografts. To characterize the functional effects of K53 modification in vitro, K53 was mutated to acetylmimetic glutamine (K53Q), and to arginine (K53R) and isoleucine (K53I) as controls. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity analyzed with purified Cytc variants showed reduced oxygen consumption with acetylmimetic Cytc compared to the non-acetylated Cytc (WT), supporting the Warburg effect. In contrast to WT, K53Q Cytc had significantly lower caspase-3 activity, suggesting that modification of Cytc K53 helps cancer cells evade apoptosis. Cardiolipin peroxidase activity, which is another proapoptotic function of the protein, was lower in acetylmimetic Cytc. Acetylmimetic Cytc also had a higher capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), another pro-survival feature. We discuss our experimental results in light of structural features of K53Q Cytc, which we crystallized at a resolution of 1.31 Å, together with molecular dynamics simulations. In conclusion, we propose that K53 acetylation of Cytc affects two hallmarks of cancer by regulating respiration and apoptosis in prostate cancer xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Hasini A. Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Gargi Mahapatra
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Alice A. Turner
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Dipanwita Dutta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Katherine Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Icksoo Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
| | - Joseph S. Brunzelle
- Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Center for Synchrotron Research, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (L.P.); (E.I.H.)
| | - Prabal Subedi
- Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Elisabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (L.P.); (E.I.H.)
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Brian F.P. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (G.M.); (A.A.T.); (K.K.); (P.T.M.); (I.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.V.); (D.D.C.); (B.F.P.E.)
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Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
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19
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Jin H, Zhu Y, Wang XD, Luo EF, Li YP, Wang BL, Chen YF. BDNF corrects NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis and glucose metabolism reprogramming through KLF2/HK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109843. [PMID: 33253911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated vascular EC pyroptosis is a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is involved in EC dysfunction. Although BDNF plays a protective role in vascular endothelium physiological activity, the mechanisms underlying this activity are not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the role of BDNF in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated EC pyroptosis and its associated reprogramming of glucose metabolism. HUVECs were treated with human rBDNF under ox-LDL stimulation. rBDNF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and HUVEC pyroptosis, as evaluated by NLRP3, caspase1-p10, interleukin-18, and interleukin-1β protein levels, co-localization of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and lactate dehydrogenase release. These effects were prevented by tropomyosin receptor kinase B inhibition and KLF2 silencing. The hyper-activation of glycolysis induced by ox-LDL-induced was mitigated by rBDNF via KLF2 as assessed by glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate. In addition, the BDNF/KLF2 pathway preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, electron transport chain processing, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate production. Furthermore, KLF2 interacted with HK1 and HK1 overexpression evoked NLRP3 inflammasome formation. At the clinical level, plasma BDNF and lactate levels were measured in 274 patients who underwent computed tomography and coronary angiography for CAD diagnosis. Patients with CAD had lower BDNF and increased lactate levels than those without CAD. In 94 patients with CAD, circulating BDNF levels were inversely associated with lactate levels. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis of CAD, the areas under the curves for 1/BDNF, lactate, and 1/BDNF+lactate were 0.707, 0.702, and 0.753 respectively. These results indicate that BDNF and lactate are linked in atherosclerotic patients, and BDNF inhibits ox-LDL induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis in HUVECs via KLF2/HK1-mediated glucose metabolism modulation and mitochondrial homeostasis preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, PR China
| | - Er-Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Bi-Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xishan Hospital, Wuxi 214000, PR China
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20
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Guerra-Castellano A, Márquez I, Pérez-Mejías G, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Post-Translational Modifications of Cytochrome c in Cell Life and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8483. [PMID: 33187249 PMCID: PMC7697256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, whilst their malfunction is related to several human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer. In mitochondrial metabolism, cytochrome c is a small soluble heme protein that acts as an essential redox carrier in the respiratory electron transport chain. However, cytochrome c is likewise an essential protein in the cytoplasm acting as an activator of programmed cell death. Such a dual role of cytochrome c in cell life and death is indeed fine-regulated by a wide variety of protein post-translational modifications. In this work, we show how these modifications can alter cytochrome c structure and functionality, thus emerging as a control mechanism of cell metabolism but also as a key element in development and prevention of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (I.M.); (G.P.-M.); (A.D.-Q.); (M.A.D.l.R.)
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21
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Ould Amer Y, Hebert-Chatelain E. Insight into the Interactome of Intramitochondrial PKA Using Biotinylation-Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218283. [PMID: 33167377 PMCID: PMC7663848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fully integrated in cell signaling. Reversible phosphorylation is involved in adjusting mitochondrial physiology to the cellular needs. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates several substrates present at the external surface of mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, few targets of PKA located inside the organelle are known. The aim of this work was to characterize the impact and the interactome of PKA located inside mitochondria. Our results show that the overexpression of intramitochondrial PKA decreases cellular respiration and increases superoxide levels. Using proximity-dependent biotinylation, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis and in silico phospho-site prediction, we identified 21 mitochondrial proteins potentially targeted by PKA. We confirmed the interaction of PKA with TIM44 using coimmunoprecipitation and observed that TIM44-S80 is a key residue for the interaction between the protein and the kinase. These findings provide insights into the interactome of intramitochondrial PKA and suggest new potential mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Ould Amer
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chen D, Ning F, Zhang J, Tang Y, Teng X. NF-κB pathway took part in the development of apoptosis mediated by miR-15a and oxidative stress via mitochondrial pathway in ammonia-treated chicken splenic lymphocytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139017. [PMID: 32380330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, a kind of gas with pungent smell, is harmful to livestock and people, and has bad influence on the atmosphere. However, the mechanism of splenic toxicity caused by ammonia is still poorly understood. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of ammonia on chicken splenic lymphocytes from the perspective of apoptosis. Chicken splenic lymphocytes were divided into the control group and the two ammonium treatment groups (1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L ammonia), and were cultured for 24 h. CCK-8, flow cytometry (FC), fluorescence microscope, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot were used to study the differences between different groups. The results showed that ammonia exposure increased the release of calcium (Ca)2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrion. Besides, we found an increase in mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)), apoptosis-related genes (B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), Cytochrome c (Cytc), apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1), Caspase-9, and Caspase-3), and an increase in protein levels of NF-κB, iNOS, BAX, Cytc, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3. At the same time, we found a decrease level of GPx protein expression, and a decrease level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression, and a decrease level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and BCL-2 mRNA and protein expression in splenic lymphocytes exposed to ammonia. Meanwhile, miR-15a expression increased under ammonia exposure. In summary, these results indicated that ammonia induced oxidative stress, promoted the release of Ca2+, Cytc, and ROS from mitochondria, and then induced mitochondria-mediated inflammatory response, finally triggered apoptosis in chicken splenic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangyong Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - You Tang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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23
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Kalpage HA, Wan J, Morse PT, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Brain-Specific Serine-47 Modification of Cytochrome c Regulates Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity Attenuating ROS Production and Cell Death: Implications for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Akt Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E1843. [PMID: 32781572 PMCID: PMC7465522 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that serine-47 (S47) phosphorylation of cytochrome c (Cytc) in the brain results in lower cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and caspase-3 activity in vitro. We here analyze the effect of S47 modification in fibroblast cell lines stably expressing S47E phosphomimetic Cytc, unphosphorylated WT, or S47A Cytc. Our results show that S47E Cytc results in partial inhibition of mitochondrial respiration corresponding with lower mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm) and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. When exposed to an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model simulating ischemia/reperfusion injury, the Cytc S47E phosphomimetic cell line showed minimal ROS generation compared to the unphosphorylated WT Cytc cell line that generated high levels of ROS upon reoxygenation. Consequently, the S47E Cytc cell line also resulted in significantly lower cell death upon exposure to OGD/R, confirming the cytoprotective role of S47 phosphorylation of Cytc. S47E Cytc also resulted in lower cell death upon H2O2 treatment. Finally, we propose that pro-survival kinase Akt (protein kinase B) is a likely mediator of the S47 phosphorylation of Cytc in the brain. Akt inhibitor wortmannin abolished S47 phosphorylation of Cytc, while the Akt activator SC79 maintained S47 phosphorylation of Cytc. Overall, our results suggest that loss of S47 phosphorylation of Cytc during brain ischemia drives reperfusion injury through maximal electron transport chain flux, ΔΨm hyperpolarization, and ROS-triggered cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini A. Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (P.T.M.)
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (P.T.M.)
| | - Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (P.T.M.)
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea;
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.A.K.); (J.W.); (P.T.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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24
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Pérez-Mejías G, Velázquez-Cruz A, Guerra-Castellano A, Baños-Jaime B, Díaz-Quintana A, González-Arzola K, Ángel De la Rosa M, Díaz-Moreno I. Exploring protein phosphorylation by combining computational approaches and biochemical methods. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1852-1863. [PMID: 32728408 PMCID: PMC7369424 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins expand their functional diversity, regulating the response of cells to a variety of stimuli. Among these modifications, phosphorylation is the most ubiquitous and plays a prominent role in cell signaling. The addition of a phosphate often affects the function of a protein by altering its structure and dynamics. However, these alterations are often difficult to study and the functional and structural implications remain unresolved. New approaches are emerging to overcome common obstacles related to the production and manipulation of these samples. Here, we summarize the available methods for phosphoprotein purification and phosphomimetic engineering, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. We propose a general workflow for protein phosphorylation analysis combining computational and biochemical approaches, building on recent advances that enable user-friendly and easy-to-access Molecular Dynamics simulations. We hope this innovative workflow will inform the best experimental approach to explore such post-translational modifications. We have applied this workflow to two different human protein models: the hemeprotein cytochrome c and the RNA binding protein HuR. Our results illustrate the usefulness of Molecular Dynamics as a decision-making tool to design the most appropriate phosphomimetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Blanca Baños-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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25
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Wheel and Deal in the Mitochondrial Inner Membranes: The Tale of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6813405. [PMID: 32377304 PMCID: PMC7193304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6813405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin oxidation and degradation by different factors under severe cell stress serve as a trigger for genetically encoded cell death programs. In this context, the interplay between cardiolipin and another mitochondrial factor—cytochrome c—is a key process in the early stages of apoptosis, and it is a matter of intense research. Cytochrome c interacts with lipid membranes by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effects. Experimental conditions (including pH, lipid composition, and post-translational modifications) determine which specific amino acid residues are involved in the interaction and influence the heme iron coordination state. In fact, up to four binding sites (A, C, N, and L), driven by different interactions, have been reported. Nevertheless, key aspects of the mechanism for cardiolipin oxidation by the hemeprotein are well established. First, cytochrome c acts as a pseudoperoxidase, a process orchestrated by tyrosine residues which are crucial for peroxygenase activity and sensitivity towards oxidation caused by protein self-degradation. Second, flexibility of two weakest folding units of the hemeprotein correlates with its peroxidase activity and the stability of the iron coordination sphere. Third, the diversity of the mode of interaction parallels a broad diversity in the specific reaction pathway. Thus, current knowledge has already enabled the design of novel drugs designed to successfully inhibit cardiolipin oxidation.
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26
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Strubakos CD, Malik M, Wider JM, Lee I, Reynolds CA, Mitsias P, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Non-invasive treatment with near-infrared light: A novel mechanisms-based strategy that evokes sustained reduction in brain injury after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:833-844. [PMID: 31112450 PMCID: PMC7168789 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19845149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease that causes significant brain injury. While restoration of blood flow is critical to salvage the ischemic brain, reperfusion can exacerbate damage by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies by our group found that non-invasive mitochondrial modulation with near-infrared (NIR) light limits ROS generation following global brain ischemia. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to transiently reduce COX activity, attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, and thus reduce ROS production. We evaluated a specific combination of COX-inhibitory NIR (750 nm and 950 nm) in a rat stroke model with longitudinal analysis of brain injury using magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment with NIR for 2 h resulted in a 21% reduction in brain injury at 24 h of reperfusion measured by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and a 25% reduction in infarct volume measured by T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) at 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, respectively. Additionally, extended treatment reduced brain injury in the acute phase of brain injury, and 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, demonstrating a >50% reduction in infarction. Our data suggest that mitochondrial modulation with NIR attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury and evokes a sustained reduction in infarct volume following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Strubakos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Malik
- Department of Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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27
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Cytochrome c phosphorylation: Control of mitochondrial electron transport chain flux and apoptosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 121:105704. [PMID: 32023432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc)1is a cellular life and death decision molecule that regulates cellular energy supply and apoptosis through tissue specific post-translational modifications. Cytc is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and thus central for aerobic energy production. Under conditions of cellular stress, Cytc release from the mitochondria is a committing step for apoptosis, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cell death. Recently, Cytc was shown to be a target of cellular signaling pathways that regulate the functions of Cytc by tissue-specific phosphorylations. So far five phosphorylation sites of Cytc have been mapped and functionally characterized, Tyr97, Tyr48, Thr28, Ser47, and Thr58. All five phosphorylations partially inhibit respiration, which we propose results in optimal intermediate mitochondrial membrane potentials and low ROS production under normal conditions. Four of the phosphorylations result in inhibition of the apoptotic functions of Cytc, suggesting a cytoprotective role for phosphorylated Cytc. Interestingly, these phosphorylations are lost during stress conditions such as ischemia. This results in maximal ETC flux during reperfusion, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. We here present a new model proposing that the electron transfer from Cytc to cytochrome c oxidase is the rate-limiting step of the ETC, which is regulated via post-translational modifications of Cytc. This regulation may be dysfunctional in disease conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative disorders through increased ROS, or cancer, where post-translational modifications on Cytc may provide a mechanism to evade apoptosis.
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28
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Regulation of Respiration and Apoptosis by Cytochrome c Threonine 58 Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15815. [PMID: 31676852 PMCID: PMC6825195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein, acting as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain (ETC), where it shuttles electrons from bc1 complex to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and as a trigger of type II apoptosis when released from the mitochondria. We previously showed that Cytc is regulated in a highly tissue-specific manner: Cytc isolated from heart, liver, and kidney is phosphorylated on Y97, Y48, and T28, respectively. Here, we have analyzed the effect of a new Cytc phosphorylation site, threonine 58, which we mapped in rat kidney Cytc by mass spectrometry. We generated and overexpressed wild-type, phosphomimetic T58E, and two controls, T58A and T58I Cytc; the latter replacement is found in human and testis-specific Cytc. In vitro, COX activity, caspase-3 activity, and heme degradation in the presence of H2O2 were decreased with phosphomimetic Cytc compared to wild-type. Cytc-knockout cells expressing T58E or T58I Cytc showed a reduction in intact cell respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), ROS production, and apoptotic activity compared to wild-type. We propose that, under physiological conditions, Cytc is phosphorylated, which controls mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. Under conditions of stress Cytc phosphorylations are lost leading to maximal respiration rates, ∆Ψm hyperpolarization, ROS production, and apoptosis.
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Kalpage HA, Vaishnav A, Liu J, Varughese A, Wan J, Turner AA, Ji Q, Zurek MP, Kapralov AA, Kagan VE, Brunzelle JS, Recanati MA, Grossman LI, Sanderson TH, Lee I, Salomon AR, Edwards BFP, Hüttemann M. Serine-47 phosphorylation of cytochrome c in the mammalian brain regulates cytochrome c oxidase and caspase-3 activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:13503-13514. [PMID: 31570002 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901120r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc) is a multifunctional protein that operates as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and plays a key role in apoptosis. We have previously shown that tissue-specific phosphorylations of Cytc in the heart, liver, and kidney play an important role in the regulation of cellular respiration and cell death. Here, we report that Cytc purified from mammalian brain is phosphorylated on S47 and that this phosphorylation is lost during ischemia. We have characterized the functional effects in vitro using phosphorylated Cytc purified from pig brain tissue and a recombinant phosphomimetic mutant (S47E). We crystallized S47E phosphomimetic Cytc at 1.55 Å and suggest that it spatially matches S47-phosphorylated Cytc, making it a good model system. Both S47-phosphorylated and phosphomimetic Cytc showed a lower oxygen consumption rate in reaction with isolated Cytc oxidase, which we propose maintains intermediate mitochondrial membrane potentials under physiologic conditions, thus minimizing production of reactive oxygen species. S47-phosphorylated and phosphomimetic Cytc showed lower caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, phosphomimetic Cytc had decreased cardiolipin peroxidase activity and is more stable in the presence of H2O2. Our data suggest that S47 phosphorylation of Cytc is tissue protective and promotes cell survival in the brain.-Kalpage, H. A., Vaishnav, A., Liu, J., Varughese, A., Wan, J., Turner, A. A., Ji, Q., Zurek, M. P., Kapralov, A. A., Kagan, V. E., Brunzelle, J. S., Recanati, M.-A., Grossman, L. I., Sanderson, T. H., Lee, I., Salomon, A. R., Edwards, B. F. P, Hüttemann, M. Serine-47 phosphorylation of cytochrome c in the mammalian brain regulates cytochrome c oxidase and caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashwathy Varughese
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alice A Turner
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qinqin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Matthew P Zurek
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Center for Synchrotron Research, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Maurice-Andre Recanati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Brian F P Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Castellanos E, Lanning NJ. Phosphorylation of OXPHOS Machinery Subunits: Functional Implications in Cell Biology and Disease. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:523-531. [PMID: 31543713 PMCID: PMC6747953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase comprise the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. The reactions of OXPHOS generate the mitochondrial membrane potential, drive the majority of ATP production in respiring cells, and contribute significantly to cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regulation of OXPHOS is therefore critical to maintain cellular homeostasis. OXPHOS machinery subunits have been found to be highly phosphorylated, implicating this post-translational modification as a means whereby OXPHOS is regulated. Multiple lines of evidence now reveal the diverse mechanisms by which phosphorylation of OXPHOS machinery serve to regulate individual complex stability and activity as well as broader cellular functions. From these mechanistic studies of OXPHOS machinery phosphorylation, it is now clear that many aspects of human health and disease are potentially impacted by phosphorylation of OXPHOS complexes. This mini-review summarizes recent studies that provide robust mechanistic detail related to OXPHOS subunit phosphorylation.
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Koh JH, Johnson ML, Dasari S, LeBrasseur NK, Vuckovic I, Henderson GC, Cooper SA, Manjunatha S, Ruegsegger GN, Shulman GI, Lanza IR, Nair KS. TFAM Enhances Fat Oxidation and Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2019; 68:1552-1564. [PMID: 31088855 PMCID: PMC6692815 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) adversely affects human health and life span. We show that muscle-specific overexpression of human mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fat gain and IR in mice in conjunction with increased energy expenditure and reduced oxidative stress. These TFAM effects on muscle are shown to be exerted by molecular changes that are beyond its direct effect on mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription. TFAM augmented the muscle tricarboxylic acid cycle and citrate synthase facilitating energy expenditure. TFAM enhanced muscle glucose uptake despite increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation in concert with higher β-oxidation capacity to reduce the accumulation of IR-related carnitines and ceramides. TFAM also increased pAMPK expression, explaining enhanced PGC1α and PPARβ, and reversing HFD-induced GLUT4 and pAKT reductions. TFAM-induced mild uncoupling is shown to protect mitochondrial membrane potential against FA-induced uncontrolled depolarization. These coordinated changes conferred protection to TFAM mice against HFD-induced obesity and IR while reducing oxidative stress with potential translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew L Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Mayo Clinic Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Shawna A Cooper
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Pérez-Mejías G, Guerra-Castellano A, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Cytochrome c: Surfing Off of the Mitochondrial Membrane on the Tops of Complexes III and IV. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:654-660. [PMID: 31193759 PMCID: PMC6542325 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper arrangement of protein components within the respiratory electron transport chain is nowadays a matter of intense debate, since altering it leads to cell aging and other related pathologies. Here, we discuss three current views—the so-called solid, fluid and plasticity models—which describe the organization of the main membrane-embedded mitochondrial protein complexes and the key elements that regulate and/or facilitate supercomplex assembly. The soluble electron carrier cytochrome c has recently emerged as an essential factor in the assembly and function of respiratory supercomplexes. In fact, a ‘restricted diffusion pathway’ mechanism for electron transfer between complexes III and IV has been proposed based on the secondary, distal binding sites for cytochrome c at its two membrane partners recently discovered. This channeling pathway facilitates the surfing of cytochrome c on both respiratory complexes, thereby tuning the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species. The well-documented post-translational modifications of cytochrome c could further contribute to the rapid adjustment of electron flow in response to changing cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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33
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Cowan K, Anichtchik O, Luo S. Mitochondrial integrity in neurodegeneration. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:825-836. [PMID: 30746905 PMCID: PMC6566061 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a unique organelle with a diverse range of functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological process in several neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are mostly important for energy production; however, they also have roles in Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, and apoptosis. There are two major systems in place, which regulate mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. These two processes remove damaged mitochondria from cells and protect the functional mitochondrial population. These quality control systems often become dysfunctional during neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and severe neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Cowan
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Oleg Anichtchik
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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34
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Kalpage HA, Bazylianska V, Recanati MA, Fite A, Liu J, Wan J, Mantena N, Malek MH, Podgorski I, Heath EI, Vaishnav A, Edwards BF, Grossman LI, Sanderson TH, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:1540-1553. [PMID: 30222078 PMCID: PMC6338631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a vital role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, it is a key regulator of apoptosis. Cyt c has multiple other functions including ROS production and scavenging, cardiolipin peroxidation, and mitochondrial protein import. Cyt c is tightly regulated by allosteric mechanisms, tissue-specific isoforms, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Distinct residues of Cyt c are modified by PTMs, primarily phosphorylations, in a highly tissue-specific manner. These modifications downregulate mitochondrial ETC flux and adjust the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), to minimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under normal conditions. In pathologic and acute stress conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion, phosphorylations are lost, leading to maximum ETC flux, ΔΨm hyperpolarization, excessive ROS generation, and the release of Cyt c. It is also the dephosphorylated form of the protein that leads to maximum caspase activation. We discuss the complex regulation of Cyt c and propose that it is a central regulatory step of the mammalian ETC that can be rate limiting in normal conditions. This regulation is important because it maintains optimal intermediate ΔΨm, limiting ROS generation. We examine the role of Cyt c PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, nitration, nitrosylation, and sulfoxidation and consider their potential biological significance by evaluating their stoichiometry.-Kalpage, H. A., Bazylianska, V., Recanati, M. A., Fite, A., Liu, J., Wan, J., Mantena, N., Malek, M. H., Podgorski, I., Heath, E. I., Vaishnav, A., Edwards, B. F., Grossman, L. I., Sanderson, T. H., Lee, I., Hüttemann, M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini A. Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maurice A. Recanati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alemu Fite
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikhil Mantena
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian F. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Liu L, Yang L, Chang H, Chen YN, Zhang F, Feng S, Peng J, Ren CC, Zhang XA. CP‑31398 attenuates endometrial cancer cell invasion, metastasis and resistance to apoptosis by downregulating MDM2 expression. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:942-954. [PMID: 30628640 PMCID: PMC6365028 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, and metastasis is a major cause of mortality. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of CP-31398 in the migration, invasion and apoptosis of EC cells by its regulation of the expression of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene. For this purpose, EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the positive expression rate of MDM2 in these tissues was assessed. Subsequently, the cellular 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CP-31398 was measured. The EC RL95-2 and KLE cell lines had a higher MDM2 expression and were thus selected for use in subsequent experiments. The EC cells were then treated with CP-31398 (2 µg/ml), and were transfected with siRNA against MDM2 or an MDM2 overexpression plasmid in order to examine the effects of CP-31398 and MDM2 on EC cell activities. The expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), caspase-3, Cox-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was measured to further confirm the effects of CP-31398 on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. Our results indicated that MDM2 was highly expressed in EC tissues. Notably, EC cell viability decreased with the increasing concentrations of CP-31398. The EC cells treated with CP-31398 or siRNA against MDM2 exhibited an increased apoptosis and a suppressed migration and invasion, corresponding to an increased expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, Cyt-c and caspase-3, as well as to a decreased expression of Bcl-2, Cox-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, treatment with CP-31398 and siRNA against MDM2 further enhanced these effects. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the CP-31398-mediated downregulation of MDM2 may suppress EC progression via its inhibitory role in EC cell migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, treatment with CP-31398 may prove to be possible therapeutic strategy for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chang
- Laboratory of Tumor Precision Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Zhou D, Fu H, Xiao L, Mo H, Zhuo H, Tian X, Lin L, Xing J, Liu Y. Fibroblast-Specific β-Catenin Signaling Dictates the Outcome of AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1257-1271. [PMID: 29343518 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AKI is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. The pathologic features of AKI are characterized by tubular injury, inflammation, and vascular impairment. Whether fibroblasts in the renal interstitium have a role in the pathogenesis of AKI is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of fibroblast-specific β-catenin signaling in dictating the outcome of AKI, using conditional knockout mice in which β-catenin was specifically ablated in fibroblasts (Gli1-β-cat-/-). After ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), Gli1-β-cat-/- mice had lower serum creatinine levels and less morphologic injury than Gli1-β-cat+/+ littermate controls. Moreover, we detected fewer apoptotic cells, as well as decreased cytochrome C release; reduced expression of Bax, FasL, and p53; and increased phosphorylation of Akt, in the Gli1-β-cat-/- kidneys. Gli1-β-cat-/- kidneys also exhibited upregulated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67, which are markers of cell proliferation. Furthermore, Gli1-β-cat-/- kidneys displayed suppressed NF-κB signaling and cytokine expression and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. Notably, loss of β-catenin in fibroblasts induced renal expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and augmented the tyrosine phosphorylation of c-met receptor after IRI. In vitro, treatment with Wnt ligands or ectopic expression of active β-catenin inhibited HGF mRNA and protein expression and repressed HGF promoter activity. Collectively, these results suggest that fibroblast-specific β-catenin signaling can control tubular injury and repair in AKI by modulating HGF expression. Our studies uncover a previously unrecognized role for interstitial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Tian
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lin Lin
- Departments of Pathology and
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Youhua Liu
- Departments of Pathology and .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Deacon OM, Karsisiotis AI, Moreno-Chicano T, Hough MA, Macdonald C, Blumenschein TMA, Wilson MT, Moore GR, Worrall JAR. Heightened Dynamics of the Oxidized Y48H Variant of Human Cytochrome c Increases Its Peroxidatic Activity. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6111-6124. [PMID: 29083920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins performing multiple biochemical functions are called "moonlighting proteins" or extreme multifunctional (EMF) proteins. Mitochondrial cytochrome c is an EMF protein that binds multiple partner proteins to act as a signaling molecule, transfers electrons in the respiratory chain, and acts as a peroxidase in apoptosis. Mutations in the cytochrome c gene lead to the disease thrombocytopenia, which is accompanied by enhanced apoptotic activity. The Y48H variant arises from one such mutation and is found in the 40-57 Ω-loop, the lowest-unfolding free energy substructure of the cytochrome c fold. A 1.36 Å resolution X-ray structure of the Y48H variant reveals minimal structural changes compared to the wild-type structure, with the axial Met80 ligand coordinated to the heme iron. Despite this, the intrinsic peroxidase activity is enhanced, implying that a pentacoordinate heme state is more prevalent in the Y48H variant, corroborated through determination of a Met80 "off rate" of >125 s-1 compared to a rate of ∼6 s-1 for the wild-type protein. Heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance measurements with the oxidized Y48H variant reveal heightened dynamics in the 40-57 Ω-loop and the Met80-containing 71-85 Ω-loop relative to the wild-type protein, illustrating communication between these substructures. Placed into context with the G41S cytochrome c variant, also implicated in thrombocytopenia, a dynamic picture associated with this disease relative to cytochrome c is emerging whereby increasing dynamics in substructures of the cytochrome c fold serve to facilitate an increased population of the peroxidatic pentacoordinate heme state in the following order: wild type < G41S < Y48H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Deacon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | | | - Tadeo Moreno-Chicano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Colin Macdonald
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Tharin M A Blumenschein
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Geoffrey R Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Jonathan A R Worrall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
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38
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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39
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Combined Respiratory Chain Deficiency and UQCC2 Mutations in Neonatal Encephalomyopathy: Defective Supercomplex Assembly in Complex III Deficiencies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7202589. [PMID: 28804536 PMCID: PMC5540226 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7202589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate respiratory chain complex III consists of eleven subunits. Mutations in five subunits either mitochondrial (MT-CYB) or nuclear (CYC1, UQCRC2, UQCRB, and UQCRQ) encoded have been reported. Defects in five further factors for assembly (TTC19, UQCC2, and UQCC3) or iron-sulphur cluster loading (BCS1L and LYRM7) cause complex III deficiency. Here, we report a second patient with UQCC2 deficiency. This girl was born prematurely; pregnancy was complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios. She presented with respiratory distress syndrome, developed epileptic seizures progressing to status epilepticus, and died at day 33. She had profound lactic acidosis and elevated urinary pyruvate. Exome sequencing revealed two homozygous missense variants in UQCC2, leading to a severe reduction of UQCC2 protein. Deficiency of complexes I and III was found enzymatically and on the protein level. A review of the literature on genetically distinct complex III defects revealed that, except TTC19 deficiency, the biochemical pattern was very often a combined respiratory chain deficiency. Besides complex III, typically, complex I was decreased, in some cases complex IV. In accordance with previous observations, the presence of assembled complex III is required for the stability or assembly of complexes I and IV, which might be related to respirasome/supercomplex formation.
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