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Taiyab A, Choudhury A, Haidar S, Yousuf M, Rathi A, Koul P, Chakrabarty A, Islam A, Shamsi A, Hassan MI. Exploring MTH1 inhibitory potential of Thymoquinone and Baicalin for therapeutic targeting of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116332. [PMID: 38430630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers frequently have increased ROS levels due to disrupted redox balance, leading to oxidative DNA and protein damage, mutations, and apoptosis. The MTH1 protein plays a crucial role by sanitizing the oxidized dNTP pools. Hence, cancer cells rely on MTH1 to prevent the integration of oxidized dNTPs into DNA, preventing DNA damage and allowing cancer cell proliferation. We have discovered Thymoquinone (TQ) and Baicalin (BC) as inhibitors of MTH1 using combined docking and MD simulation approaches complemented by experimental validations via assessing binding affinity and enzyme inhibition. Docking and MD simulations studies revealed an efficient binding of TQ and BC to the active site pocket of the MTH1, and the resultant complexes are appreciably stable. Fluorescence measurements estimated a strong binding affinity of TQ and BC with Ka 3.4 ×106 and 1.0 ×105, respectively. Treating breast cancer cells with TQ and BC significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation (IC50 values 28.3 µM and 34.8 µM) and induced apoptosis. TQ and BC increased the ROS production in MCF7 cells, imposing substantial oxidative stress on cancer cells and leading to cell death. Finally, TQ and BC are proven strong MTH1 inhibitors, offering promising prospects for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arunabh Choudhury
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaista Haidar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Aanchal Rathi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 364, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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2
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McCombe CL, Catanzariti AM, Greenwood JR, Desai AM, Outram MA, Yu DS, Ericsson DJ, Brenner SE, Dodds PN, Kobe B, Jones DA, Williams SJ. A rust-fungus Nudix hydrolase effector decaps mRNA in vitro and interferes with plant immune pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:222-239. [PMID: 36631975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To infect plants, pathogenic fungi secrete small proteins called effectors. Here, we describe the catalytic activity and potential virulence function of the Nudix hydrolase effector AvrM14 from the flax rust fungus (Melampsora lini). We completed extensive in vitro assays to characterise the enzymatic activity of the AvrM14 effector. Additionally, we used in planta transient expression of wild-type and catalytically dead AvrM14 versions followed by biochemical assays, phenotypic analysis and RNA sequencing to unravel how the catalytic activity of AvrM14 impacts plant immunity. AvrM14 is an extremely selective enzyme capable of removing the protective 5' cap from mRNA transcripts in vitro. Homodimerisation of AvrM14 promoted biologically relevant mRNA cap cleavage in vitro and this activity was conserved in related effectors from other Melampsora spp. In planta expression of wild-type AvrM14, but not the catalytically dead version, suppressed immune-related reactive oxygen species production, altered the abundance of some circadian-rhythm-associated mRNA transcripts and reduced the hypersensitive cell-death response triggered by the flax disease resistance protein M1. To date, the decapping of host mRNA as a virulence strategy has not been described beyond viruses. Our results indicate that some fungal pathogens produce Nudix hydrolase effectors with in vitro mRNA-decapping activity capable of interfering with plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L McCombe
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Catanzariti
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Julian R Greenwood
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anna M Desai
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Megan A Outram
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel S Yu
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel J Ericsson
- Australian Synchrotron, Macromolecular Crystallography, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia
| | - Steven E Brenner
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - David A Jones
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Simon J Williams
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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3
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Tew DJ, Hebert JM, Schmier BJ. Discovery and properties of a monoclonal antibody targeting 8-oxoA, an oxidized adenine lesion in DNA and RNA. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102658. [PMID: 36989571 PMCID: PMC10074937 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
8-oxoA, a major oxidation product of adenosine, is a mispairing, mutagenic lesion that arises in DNA and RNA when •OH radicals or one-electron oxidants attack the C8 adenine atom or polymerases misincorporate 8-oxo(d)ATP. The danger of 8-oxoA is underscored by the existence of dedicated cellular repair machinery that explicitly excise it from DNA, the attenuation of translation induced by 8-oxoA-mRNA or damaged ribosomes, and its potency as a TLR7 agonist. Here we present the discovery, purification, and biochemical characterization of a new mouse IgGk1 monoclonal antibody (6E4) that specifically targets 8-oxoA. Utilizing an AchE-based competitive ELISA assay, we demonstrate the selectivity of 6E4 for 8-oxoA over a plethora of canonical and chemically modified nucleosides including 8-oxoG, A, m6A, 2-oxoA, and 5-hoU. We further show the ability of 6E4 to exclusively recognize 8-oxoA in nucleoside triphosphates (8-oxoATP) and DNA/RNA oligonucleotides containing a single 8-oxoA. 6E4 also binds 8-oxoA in duplex DNA/RNA antigens where the lesion is either paired correctly or base mismatched. Our findings define the 8-oxoAde nucleobase as the critical epitope and indicate mAb 6E4 is ideally suited for a broad range of immunological applications in nucleic acid detection and quality control.
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Jemth AS, Scaletti ER, Homan E, Stenmark P, Helleday T, Michel M. Nudix hydrolase 18 catalyzes the hydrolysis of active triphosphate metabolites of the antivirals remdesivir, ribavirin, and molnupiravir. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102169. [PMID: 35732208 PMCID: PMC9212496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir and molnupiravir have gained considerable interest because of their demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2. These antivirals are converted intracellularly to their active triphosphate forms remdesivir-TP and molnupiravir-TP. Cellular hydrolysis of these active metabolites would consequently decrease the efficiency of these drugs; however, whether endogenous enzymes that can catalyze this hydrolysis exist is unknown. Here, we tested remdesivir-TP as a substrate against a panel of human hydrolases and found that only Nudix hydrolase (NUDT) 18 catalyzed the hydrolysis of remdesivir-TP with notable activity. The kcat/Km value of NUDT18 for remdesivir-TP was determined to be 17,700 s-1M-1, suggesting that NUDT18-catalyzed hydrolysis of remdesivir-TP may occur in cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the triphosphates of the antivirals ribavirin and molnupiravir are also hydrolyzed by NUDT18, albeit with lower efficiency than Remdesivir-TP. Low activity was also observed with the triphosphate forms of sofosbuvir and aciclovir. This is the first report showing that NUDT18 hydrolyzes triphosphates of nucleoside analogs of exogenous origin, suggesting that NUDT18 can act as a cellular sanitizer of modified nucleotides and may influence the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir, molnupiravir, and ribavirin. As NUDT18 is expressed in respiratory epithelial cells, it may limit the antiviral efficacy of remdesivir and molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 replication by decreasing the intracellular concentration of their active metabolites at their intended site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Emma Rose Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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Visualizing the three-metal-ion-dependent cleavage of a mutagenic nucleotide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207180119. [PMID: 35737831 PMCID: PMC9245661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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6
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Nakamura T, Yamagata Y. Visualization of mutagenic nucleotide processing by Escherichia coli MutT, a Nudix hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203118119. [PMID: 35594391 PMCID: PMC9173781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli MutT prevents mutations by hydrolyzing mutagenic 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions. MutT is one of the most studied enzymes in the nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X (Nudix) hydrolase superfamily, which is widely distributed in living organisms. However, the catalytic mechanisms of most Nudix hydrolases, including two- or three-metal-ion mechanisms, are still unclear because these mechanisms are proposed using the structures mimicking the reaction states, such as substrate analog complexes. Here, we visualized the hydrolytic reaction process of MutT by time-resolved X-ray crystallography using a biological substrate, 8-oxo-dGTP, and an active metal ion, Mn2+. The reaction was initiated by soaking MutT crystals in a MnCl2 solution and stopped by freezing the crystals at various time points. In total, five types of intermediate structures were refined by investigating the time course of the electron densities in the active site as well as the anomalous signal intensities of Mn2+ ions. The structures and electron densities show that three Mn2+ ions bind to the Nudix motif of MutT and align the substrate 8-oxo-dGTP for catalysis. Accompanied by the coordination of the three Mn2+ ions, a water molecule, bound to a catalytic base, forms a binuclear Mn2+ center for nucleophilic substitution at the β-phosphorus of 8-oxo-dGTP. The reaction condition using Mg2+ also captured a structure in complex with three Mg2+ ions. This study provides the structural details essential for understanding the three-metal-ion mechanism of Nudix hydrolases and proposes that some of the Nudix hydrolases share this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamagata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Shokei University and Shokei University Junior College, Kumamoto, 862-8678, Japan
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7
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Nakamura T, Okabe K, Hirayama S, Chirifu M, Ikemizu S, Morioka H, Nakabeppu Y, Yamagata Y. Structure of the mammalian adenine DNA glycosylase MUTYH: insights into the base excision repair pathway and cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7154-7163. [PMID: 34142156 PMCID: PMC8266592 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian MutY homologue (MUTYH) is an adenine DNA glycosylase that excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). The inherited variations in human MUTYH gene are known to cause MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), which is associated with colorectal cancer. MUTYH is involved in base excision repair (BER) with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in DNA replication, which is unique and critical for effective mutation-avoidance. It is also reported that MUTYH has a Zn-binding motif in a unique interdomain connector (IDC) region, which interacts with Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 complex (9–1–1) in DNA damage response, and with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in BER. However, the structural basis for the BER pathway by MUTYH and its interacting proteins is unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures of complexes between mouse MUTYH and DNA, and between the C-terminal domain of mouse MUTYH and human PCNA. The structures elucidated the repair mechanism for the A:8-oxoG mispair including DNA replication-coupled repair process involving MUTYH and PCNA. The Zn-binding motif was revealed to comprise one histidine and three cysteine residues. The IDC, including the Zn-binding motif, is exposed on the MUTYH surface, suggesting its interaction modes with 9–1–1 and APE1, respectively. The structure of MUTYH explains how MAP mutations perturb MUTYH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan.,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mami Chirifu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ikemizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamagata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan.,Shokei University and Shokei University Junior College, 2-6-78, Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8678 Kumamoto, Japan
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8
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9
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Snell EH, Helliwell JR. Microgravity as an environment for macromolecular crystallization – an outlook in the era of space stations and commercial space flight. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2021.1900833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Materials Design and Innovation Department, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J. R. Helliwell
- Chemistry Department, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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10
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Ahluwalia P, Ahluwalia M, Mondal AK, Sahajpal N, Kota V, Rojiani MV, Rojiani AM, Kolhe R. Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix associated gene signature in renal clear cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7561. [PMID: 33828127 PMCID: PMC8026590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions in tumor microenvironment between ECM (extra-cellular matrix) and cancer cell plays a central role in the generation of tumor supportive microenvironment. In this study, the expression of ECM-related genes was explored for prognostic and immunological implication in clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Out of 964 ECM genes, higher expression (z-score > 2) of 35 genes showed significant association with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). On comparison to normal tissue, 12 genes (NUDT1, SIGLEC1, LRP1, LOXL2, SERPINE1, PLOD3, ZP3, RARRES2, TGM2, COL3A1, ANXA4, and POSTN) showed elevated expression in kidney tumor (n = 523) compared to normal (n = 100). Further, Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to develop 12 genes ECM signature that showed significant association with overall survival in TCGA dataset (HR = 2.45; 95% CI [1.78-3.38]; p < 0.01). This gene signature was further validated in 3 independent datasets from GEO database. Kaplan-Meier log-rank test significantly associated patients with elevated expression of this gene signature with a higher risk of mortality. Further, differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2 and principal component analysis (PCA) identified genes with the highest fold change forming distinct clusters between ECM-rich high-risk and ECM-poor low-risk patients. Geneset enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified significant perturbations in homeostatic kidney functions in the high-risk group. Further, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive T-reg and M2 macrophages was observed in high-risk group patients. The present study has identified a prognostic signature with associated tumor-promoting immune niche with clinical utility in ccRCC. Further exploration of ECM dynamics and validation of this gene signature can assist in design and application of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashis K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mumtaz V Rojiani
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amyn M Rojiani
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Kowalska M, Piekut T, Prendecki M, Sodel A, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Oxidative Damage in Physiological and Pathological Aging. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1410-1420. [PMID: 32315547 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in numerous processes, including energy generation, regulating ion homeostasis, and cell signaling. Mitochondria are also the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the oxidative environment within mitochondria, the macromolecules therein, for example, mtDNA, proteins, and lipids are more susceptible to sustaining damage. During aging, mitochondrial functions decline, partly as a result of an accumulation of mtDNA mutations, decreased mtDNA copy number and protein expression, and a reduction in oxidative capacity. The aim of this study was to summarize the knowledge on DNA oxidative damage in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. It has been hypothesized that various ROS may play an important role not only in physiological senescence but also in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Thus, mitochondria seem to be a potential target of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sodel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Scaletti ER, Vallin KS, Bräutigam L, Sarno A, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Stenmark P, Jemth AS. MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes N6-methyl-dATP from the dNTP pool. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4761-4772. [PMID: 32144205 PMCID: PMC7152754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) removes oxidized nucleotides from the nucleotide pool and thereby prevents their incorporation into the genome and thereby reduces genotoxicity. We previously reported that MTH1 is an efficient catalyst of O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolysis suggesting that MTH1 may also sanitize the nucleotide pool from other methylated nucleotides. We here show that MTH1 efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of N6-methyl-dATP to N6-methyl-dAMP and further report that N6-methylation of dATP drastically increases the MTH1 activity. We also observed MTH1 activity with N6-methyl-ATP, albeit at a lower level. We show that N6-methyl-dATP is incorporated into DNA in vivo, as indicated by increased N6-methyl-dA DNA levels in embryos developed from MTH1 knock-out zebrafish eggs microinjected with N6-methyl-dATP compared with noninjected embryos. N6-methyl-dATP activity is present in MTH1 homologues from distantly related vertebrates, suggesting evolutionary conservation and indicating that this activity is important. Of note, N6-methyl-dATP activity is unique to MTH1 among related NUDIX hydrolases. Moreover, we present the structure of N6-methyl-dAMP-bound human MTH1, revealing that the N6-methyl group is accommodated within a hydrophobic active-site subpocket explaining why N6-methyl-dATP is a good MTH1 substrate. N6-methylation of DNA and RNA has been reported to have epigenetic roles and to affect mRNA metabolism. We propose that MTH1 acts in concert with adenosine deaminase-like protein isoform 1 (ADAL1) to prevent incorporation of N6-methyl-(d)ATP into DNA and RNA. This would hinder potential dysregulation of epigenetic control and RNA metabolism via conversion of N6-methyl-(d)ATP to N6-methyl-(d)AMP, followed by ADAL1-catalyzed deamination producing (d)IMP that can enter the nucleotide salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Karl S Vallin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Caparrós-Martín JA, McCarthy-Suárez I, Culiáñez-Macià FA. Sequence Determinants of Substrate Ambiguity in a HAD Phosphosugar Phosphatase of Arabidopsis Thaliana. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E77. [PMID: 31601035 PMCID: PMC6956230 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana broad-range sugar phosphate phosphatase AtSgpp (NP_565895.1, locus AT2G38740) and the specific DL-glycerol-3-phosphatase AtGpp (NP_568858.1, locus AT5G57440) are members of the wide family of magnesium-dependent acid phosphatases subfamily I with the C1-type cap domain haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase proteins (HAD). Although both AtSgpp and AtGpp have a superimporsable α/β Rossmann core active site, they differ with respect to the loop-5 of the cap domain, accounting for the differences in substrate specificity. Recent functional studies have demonstrated the essential but not sufficient role of the signature sequence within the motif-5 in substrate discrimination. To better understand the mechanism underlying the control of specificity, we explored additional sequence determinants underpinning the divergent evolutionary selection exerted on the substrate affinity of both enzymes. The most evident difference was found in the loop preceding the loop-5 of the cap domain, which is extended in three additional residues in AtSgpp. To determine if the shortening of this loop would constrain the substrate ambiguity of AtSgpp, we deleted these three aminoacids. The kinetic analyses of the resulting mutant protein AtSgpp3Δ (ΔF53, ΔN54, ΔN55) indicate that promiscuity is compromised. AtSgpp3Δ displays highest level of discrimination for D-ribose-5-phosphate compared to the rest of phosphate ester metabolites tested, which may suggest a proper orientation of D-ribose-5-phosphate in the AtSgpp3Δ active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Caparrós-Martín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas ‘‘Eduardo Primo Yúfera’’ (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (I.M.-S.); (F.A.C.-M.)
- CHIRI Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Iva McCarthy-Suárez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas ‘‘Eduardo Primo Yúfera’’ (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (I.M.-S.); (F.A.C.-M.)
| | - Francisco A. Culiáñez-Macià
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas ‘‘Eduardo Primo Yúfera’’ (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain; (I.M.-S.); (F.A.C.-M.)
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14
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Jemth AS, Gustafsson R, Bräutigam L, Henriksson L, Vallin KSA, Sarno A, Almlöf I, Homan E, Rasti A, Warpman Berglund U, Stenmark P, Helleday T. MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of mutagenic O6-methyl-dGTP. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:10888-10904. [PMID: 30304478 PMCID: PMC6237811 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides in the free pool are more susceptible to nonenzymatic methylation than those protected in the DNA double helix. Methylated nucleotides like O6-methyl-dGTP can be mutagenic and toxic if incorporated into DNA. Removal of methylated nucleotides from the nucleotide pool may therefore be important to maintain genome integrity. We show that MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of O6-methyl-dGTP with a catalytic efficiency similar to that for 8-oxo-dGTP. O6-methyl-dGTP activity is exclusive to MTH1 among human NUDIX proteins and conserved through evolution but not found in bacterial MutT. We present a high resolution crystal structure of human and zebrafish MTH1 in complex with O6-methyl-dGMP. By microinjecting fertilized zebrafish eggs with O6-methyl-dGTP and inhibiting MTH1 we demonstrate that survival is dependent on active MTH1 in vivo. O6-methyl-dG levels are higher in DNA extracted from zebrafish embryos microinjected with O6-methyl-dGTP and inhibition of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) increases the toxicity of O6-methyl-dGTP demonstrating that O6-methyl-dGTP is incorporated into DNA. MTH1 deficiency sensitizes human cells to the alkylating agent Temozolomide, a sensitization that is more pronounced upon MGMT inhibition. These results expand the cellular MTH1 function and suggests MTH1 also is important for removal of methylated nucleotides from the nucleotide pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Gustafsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Henriksson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl S A Vallin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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15
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Abstract
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) is the most abundant oxidative DNA lesion with dual coding properties. It forms both Watson–Crick (anti)oxoG:(anti)C and Hoogsteen (syn)oxoG:(anti)A base pairs without a significant distortion of a B-DNA helix. DNA polymerases bypass oxoG but the accuracy of nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion varies depending on the polymerase-specific interactions with the templating oxoG and incoming nucleotides. High-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases read oxoG as a cognate base for A while treating oxoG:C as a mismatch. The mutagenic effects of oxoG in the cell are alleviated by specific systems for DNA repair and nucleotide pool sanitization, preventing mutagenesis from both direct DNA oxidation and oxodGMP incorporation. DNA translesion synthesis could provide an additional protective mechanism against oxoG mutagenesis in cells. Several human DNA polymerases of the X- and Y-families efficiently and accurately incorporate nucleotides opposite oxoG. In this review, we address the mutagenic potential of oxoG in cells and discuss the structural basis for oxoG bypass by different DNA polymerases and the mechanisms of the recognition of oxoG by DNA glycosylases and dNTP hydrolases.
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16
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Jemth AS, Scaletti E, Carter M, Helleday T, Stenmark P. Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of the 8-oxo-dGTP Hydrolase NUDT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 2019; 58:887-899. [PMID: 30614695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana NUDT1 (AtNUDT1) belongs to the Nudix family of proteins, which have a diverse range of substrates, including oxidized nucleotides such as 8-oxo-dGTP. The hydrolysis of oxidized dNTPs is highly important as it prevents their incorporation into DNA, thus preventing mutations and DNA damage. AtNUDT1 is the sole Nudix enzyme from A. thaliana shown to have activity against 8-oxo-dGTP. We present the structure of AtNUDT1 in complex with 8-oxo-dGTP. Structural comparison with bacterial and human homologues reveals a conserved overall fold. Analysis of the 8-oxo-dGTP binding mode shows that the residues Asn76 and Ser89 interact with the O8 atom of the substrate, a feature not observed in structures of protein homologues solved to date. Kinetic analysis of wild-type and mutant AtNUDT1 confirmed that these active site residues influence 8-oxo-dGTP hydrolysis. A recent study showed that AtNUDT1 is also able to hydrolyze terpene compounds. The diversity of reactions catalyzed by AtNUDT1 suggests that this Nudix enzyme from higher plants has evolved in a manner distinct to those from other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm S-171 21 , Sweden
| | - Emma Scaletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm S-106 91 , Sweden
| | - Megan Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm S-106 91 , Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm S-171 21 , Sweden.,Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2RX , United Kingdom
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm S-106 91 , Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science , Lund University , Lund 221 00 , Sweden
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17
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Singh A, Mohammad Arif S, Biak Sang P, Varshney U, Vijayan M. Structural insights into the specificity and catalytic mechanism of mycobacterial nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MutT2. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:449-456. [PMID: 30312643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mis-incorporation of modified nucleotides, such as 5-methyl-dCTP or 8-oxo-dGTP, in DNA can be detrimental to genomic integrity. MutT proteins are sanitization enzymes which function by hydrolyzing such nucleotides and regulating the pool of free nucleotides in the cytoplasm. Mycobacterial genomes have a set of four MutT homologs, namely, MutT1, MutT2, MutT3 and MutT4. Mycobacterial MutT2 hydrolyzes 5 m-dCTP and 8-oxo-dGTP to their respective monophosphate products. Additionally, it can hydrolyze canonical nucleotides dCTP and CTP, with a suggested role in sustaining their optimal levels in the nucleotide pool. The structures of M. smegmatis MutT2 and its complexes with cytosine derivatives have been determined at resolutions ranging from 1.10 Å to 1.73 Å. The apo enzyme and its complexes with products (dCMP, CMP and 5 m-dCMP) crystallize in space group P21212, while those involving substrates (dCTP, CTP and 5 m-dCTP) crystallize in space group P21. The molecule takes an α/β/α sandwich fold arrangement, as observed in other MutT homologs. The nucleoside moiety of the ligands is similarly located in all the complexes, while the location of the remaining tail exhibits variability. This is the first report of a MutT2-type protein in complex with ligands. A critical interaction involving Asp116 confers the specificity of the enzyme towards cytosine moieties. A conserved set of enzyme-ligand interactions along with concerted movements of important water molecules provide insights into the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Pau Biak Sang
- Dept. of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Dept. of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - M Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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18
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Niu RJ, Zheng QC, Zhang HX. The influence of residue in the position of 116 on the inhibitory potency of TH588 for MTH1. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:75-83. [PMID: 30103119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As one of the first-in-class inhibitor, TH588 was found to be efficient in the suppression of MutT homolog1 (MTH1). A recent work shows that the inhibitory potency of TH588 against human MTH1 (hsMTH1) is approximately 20-fold over that of mouse MTH1 (mmMTH1) and identifies residue in position 116 in MTH1 has an important contribution to TH588 affinity. But the effect of residue Leu or Met in position 116 on the binding affinity remains unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were used to elucidate the mechanism about the effect of residue 116 to the different inhibitory potency of TH588 against MTH1. The binding free energy of TH588 in M116 complexes predicated by the Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) is much lower than that in L116 complexes, which is consistent with the experiment results. The analysis of the individual energy terms suggests that the non-polar interactions are important for distinguishing the binding of TH588. The MD results show that the Leu116 disrupts the interactions between Asn33 and TH588, thus induces the conformational changes of Asn33 as well as TH588. The altered interactions between TH588 and mmMTH1 change the flexibility of TH588, which could induce the remarkable conformational fluctuation of mmMTH1. The conformations of the two loops covering the binding pocket have obvious influence on the opening or closure of the active site. The more open binding site may explain the lower inhibitor potency of TH588 against mmMTH1 than hsMTH1. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the effect of different residue Leu or Met in position 116 on the binding affinity of TH588 for MTH1, which is expected to contribute to the further rational design of more potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Niu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, PR China
| | - Qing-Chuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, PR China.
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, PR China.
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19
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Rahm F, Viklund J, Trésaugues L, Ellermann M, Giese A, Ericsson U, Forsblom R, Ginman T, Günther J, Hallberg K, Lindström J, Persson LB, Silvander C, Talagas A, Díaz-Sáez L, Fedorov O, Huber KVM, Panagakou I, Siejka P, Gorjánácz M, Bauser M, Andersson M. Creation of a Novel Class of Potent and Selective MutT Homologue 1 (MTH1) Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Screening and Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2533-2551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rahm
- Sprint Bioscience AB, Novum, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anja Giese
- Bayer AG, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Díaz-Sáez
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kilian V. M. Huber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Panagakou
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Abdelraheim SR, Spiller DG, McLennan AG. Mouse Nudt13 is a Mitochondrial Nudix Hydrolase with NAD(P)H Pyrophosphohydrolase Activity. Protein J 2017; 36:425-432. [PMID: 28755312 PMCID: PMC5626787 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian NUDT13 protein possesses a sequence motif characteristic of the NADH pyrophosphohydrolase subfamily of Nudix hydrolases. Due to the persistent insolubility of the recombinant product expressed in Escherichia coli, active mouse Nudt13 was expressed in insect cells from a baculovirus vector as a histidine-tagged recombinant protein. In vitro, it efficiently hydrolysed NADH to NMNH and AMP and NADPH to NMNH and 2',5'-ADP and had a marked preference for the reduced pyridine nucleotides. Much lower activity was obtained with other nucleotide substrates tested. K m and k cat values for NADH were 0.34 mM and 7 s-1 respectively. Expression of Nudt13 as an N-terminal fusion to green fluorescent protein revealed that it was targeted exclusively to mitochondria by the N-terminal targeting peptide, suggesting that Nudt13 may act to regulate the concentration of mitochondrial reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactors and the NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H ratio in this organelle and elsewhere. Future studies of the enzymology of pyridine nucleotide metabolism in relation to energy homeostasis, redox control, free radical production and cellular integrity should consider the possible regulatory role of Nudt13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salama R Abdelraheim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - David G Spiller
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Systems Microscopy Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alexander G McLennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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21
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Oxidative Stress Gene Expression Profile Correlates with Cancer Patient Poor Prognosis: Identification of Crucial Pathways Might Select Novel Therapeutic Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2597581. [PMID: 28770020 PMCID: PMC5523271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2597581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of altered redox status and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still controversial in cancer development and progression. Intracellular levels of ROS are elevated in cancer cells suggesting a role in cancer initiation and progression; on the contrary, ROS elevated levels may induce programmed cell death and have been associated with cancer suppression. Thus, it is crucial to consider the double-face of ROS, for novel therapeutic strategies targeting redox regulatory mechanisms. In this review, in order to derive cancer-type specific oxidative stress genes' profile and their potential prognostic role, we integrated a publicly available oxidative stress gene signature with patient survival data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Overall, we found several genes statistically significant associated with poor prognosis in the examined six tumor types. Among them, FoxM1 and thioredoxin reductase1 expression showed the same pattern in four out of six cancers, suggesting their specific critical role in cancer-related oxidative stress adaptation. Our analysis also unveiled an enriched cellular network, highlighting specific pathways, in which many genes are strictly correlated. Finally, we discussed novel findings on the correlation between oxidative stress and cancer stem cells in order to define those pathways to be prioritized in drug development.
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