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Bareli Y, Shimon I, Tobar A, Rubinfeld H. PICT-1 regulates p53 splicing and sensitivity of medullary thyroid carcinoma cells to everolimus. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13187. [PMID: 36306198 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein interacting with carboxyl terminus 1 (PICT-1) is a nucleolar protein shown to act as a tumor suppressor that interacts with PTEN, or in a contrasting manner to facilitate the accessibility of p53 to ubiquitination and degradation, thus to function as an oncogene. The aim of the study was to examine the potential role of PICT-1 in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis and response to mTOR inhibitor treatment. PICT-1 was overexpressed in medullary thyroid (TT) and pancreatic (BON1) NEN cell lines using lentiviral vector. Whereas in BON1 cells PICT-1 overexpression exhibited no significant impact, in TT cells it induced the appearance of p53β lacking the C-terminus end. This was accompanied by a robust decrease in p21 expression and elevation of cell viability. Remarkably, PICT-1 overexpression completely reversed the reduction in cell viability of medullary thyroid neoplasm cells induced by everolimus, a therapeutic option for patients with progressive NENs. mTOR pathway investigations revealed that PICT-1 overexpression induced a reduction in PTEN expression and a robust increase in the expression level of phospho-Akt-Ser47 only partially inhibited by everolimus. These findings suggest a possible role of PICT-1 in the spliceosome machinery and provide functional involvement of PICT-1 in the complex network of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Bareli
- Institute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shimon
- Institute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ana Tobar
- Institute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hadara Rubinfeld
- Institute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
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2
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Yun HJ, Lim JH, Kim SY, Kim SM, Park KC. Discovery of Pharmaceutical Composition for Prevention and Treatment in Patient-Derived Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081901. [PMID: 36009450 PMCID: PMC9405678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a well-known neuroendocrine carcinoma, derived from C cells of the thyroid gland. Additionally, MTC is an uncommon aggressive carcinoma that metastasizes to lymph nodes, bones, lungs and liver. For MTC, the 10-year general survival ratio of patients with localized disease is about 95%, whereas that of patients with local phase disorder is around 75%. Only 20% of patients with distant metastasis to lung at diagnosis survive 10 years, which is notably lower than survival for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC). The management of MTC with distant metastasis to lung could be re-surgery or chemotherapy. In this research, we planned to assess the in vitro and in vivo combinational anticancer effect of a novel combination of low-dose cisplatin and sorafenib in patient-derived MTC. The patient-derived MTC cell lines YUMC-M1, M2, and M3 were isolated and treated with a combination of cisplatin and sorafenib or either agent alone. Cisplatin and sorafenib acted in combination to forward tumor restraint compared with each agent administered alone at a low dose. Therefore, a combination of cisplatin and sorafenib could be a new therapeutic approach for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jun Yun
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Lim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-2228-2861 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +82-2-3462-5994 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-362-8647 (K.-C.P.)
| | - Ki-Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-2228-2861 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +82-2-3462-5994 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-362-8647 (K.-C.P.)
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3
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Rajabi S, Alix-Panabières C, Alaei AS, Abooshahab R, Shakib H, Ashrafi MR. Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224–Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290–University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | | | - Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
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4
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Wu Q, Guo J, Liu Y, Zheng Q, Li X, Wu C, Fang D, Chen X, Ma L, Xu P, Xu X, Liao C, Wu M, Shen L, Song H. YAP drives fate conversion and chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1850. [PMID: 34597132 PMCID: PMC10938532 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a high degree of plasticity and is characterized by a remarkable response to chemotherapy followed by the development of resistance. Here, we use a mouse SCLC model to show that intratumoral heterogeneity of SCLC is progressively established during SCLC tumorigenesis. YAP/TAZ and Notch are required for the generation of non-neuroendocrine (Non-NE) SCLC tumor cells, but not for the initiation of SCLC. YAP signals through Notch-dependent and Notch-independent pathways to promote the fate conversion of SCLC from NE to Non-NE tumor cells by inducing Rest expression. In addition, YAP activation enhances the chemoresistance in NE SCLC tumor cells, while the inactivation of YAP in Non-NE SCLC tumor cells switches cell death induced by chemotherapy drugs from apoptosis to pyroptosis. Our study demonstrates that YAP plays critical roles in the establishment of intratumoral heterogeneity and highlights the potential of targeting YAP for chemoresistant SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuanqiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dong Fang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Cheng Liao
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd., No. 1288, Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hai Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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5
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Chen L, Liu S, Tao Y. Regulating tumor suppressor genes: post-translational modifications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:90. [PMID: 32532965 PMCID: PMC7293209 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) are functionally associated and they regulated by post-translational modification (PTMs) as well. PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, and other novel modifications becoming growing appreciated. Because most of PTMs are reversible, normal cells use them as a switch to control the state of cells being the resting or proliferating, and PTMs also involve in cell survival and cell cycle, which may lead to abnormal proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although a lot of studies focus on the importance of each kind of PTM, further discoveries shows that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) form a complex "network" by the interaction of modification. Recently, there are several promising strategies for TSGs for they change more frequently than carcinogenic genes in cancers. We here review the necessity, characteristics, and mechanisms of each kind of post-translational modification on Rb, p53, PTEN, and its influence on the precise and selective function. We also discuss the current antitumoral therapies of Rb, p53 and PTEN as predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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6
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Zou L, Gao Z, Zeng F, Xiao J, Chen J, Feng X, Chen D, Fang Y, Cui J, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu F, Duan Q, Lin X. Sulfasalazine suppresses thyroid cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through T-cell originated protein kinase. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3517-3526. [PMID: 31516569 PMCID: PMC6732979 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer patients with radioactive iodine-refractory or rapidly progressing presentation require effective treatment. T-cell originated protein kinase (TOPK) is highly expressed in a number of different tumor types, where it promotes proliferation and metastasis. However, the expression of TOPK in thyroid cancer is poorly documented. Therefore, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TOPK in thyroid cancer tissues, and its clinical significance in this disease was investigated. Sulfasalazine, a targeted inhibitor of TOPK that directly binds the protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 228 µM, was also investigated using microscale thermophoresis. Sulfasalazine inhibited TOPK activity, as determined by an in vitro pull-down assay. Furthermore, sulfasalazine inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells. The results indicated that TOPK may be a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for thyroid cancer and may be used as an index to evaluate malignant thyroid nodules. Therefore, sulfasalazine is a potential novel compound for the targeted treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Fanfan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Health and Family Planning Committee of Qingshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, CR and WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430080, P.R. China
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Tejera Hernández AA, Gutiérrez Giner MI, Rocca Cárdenas JC, Rodríguez Rodríguez F, Hernández Hernández JR. Persistent disease and recurrence in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case series. Cir Esp 2018; 97:234-237. [PMID: 30482582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alicia Tejera Hernández
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España.
| | - María Isabel Gutiérrez Giner
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - Juan Carlos Rocca Cárdenas
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - Fructuoso Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
| | - Juan Ramón Hernández Hernández
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, España
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8
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Bi Y, Ren X, Bai X, Meng Y, Luo Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Liang Z. PD-1/PD-L1 expressions in medullary thyroid carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and prognostic analysis of Chinese population. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 45:353-358. [PMID: 30528043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have focused on PD-L1 expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 and their clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance were therefore further investigated on a relatively large population of MTC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surgical specimens were obtained from 87 MTC patients during a median follow-up of 37.7 months. PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions on tumor and associated immune cells were studied immunohistochemically using >1% positive cells as a threshold for positivity. Their correlations with clinicopathologic and prognostic feature were analyzed. RESULTS PD-1 and PD-L1 were positively stained in 22 and 19 MTC patients. Most PD-L1-positive cases (18/19) showed weak to moderate staining intensity. PD-1 and PD-L1 were co-expressed in 11 patients. PD-L1 positivity was significantly correlated with distant metastases at surgery (21.1% vs 1.5%, P = 0.007). Coexpression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in MTC was correlated with advanced pathologic TNM stage III/IV (P = 0.040) and distant metastases at surgery (P = 0.013). However, there was no other clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance regarding to PD-1, PD-L1 or their coexpression in our MTC patients. CONCLUSION PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was expressed in MTC patients and was significantly correlated with the distant metastases at surgery, which may shed light on PD-1/PD-L1 as a promising therapeutic target in MTC. Future better understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and their relationship with immunotherapy response may provide direct evidence for management of refractory MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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9
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Zaynab M, Fatima M, Abbas S, Umair M, Sharif Y, Raza MA. Long non-coding RNAs as molecular players in plant defense against pathogens. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:277-282. [PMID: 29859899 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has significant role in of gene expression and silencing pathways for several biological processes in eukaryotes. lncRNAs has been reported as key player in remodeling chromatin and genome architecture, RNA stabilization and transcription regulation, including enhancer-associated activity. Host lncRNAs are reckoned as compulsory elements of plant defense. In response to pathogen attack, plants protect themselves with the help of lncRNAs -dependent immune systems in which lncRNAs regulate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other effectors. Role of lncRNAs in plant microbe interaction has been studied extensively but regulations of several lncRNAs still need extensive research. In this study we discussed and provide as overview the topical advancements and findings relevant to pathogen attack and plant defense mediated by lncRNAs. It is hoped that lncRNAs would be exploited as a mainstream player to achieve food security by tackling different plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
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10
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Valenciaga A, Grubbs EG, Porter K, Wakely PE, Williams MD, Cote GJ, Vasko VV, Saji M, Ringel MD. Reduced Retinoblastoma Protein Expression Is Associated with Decreased Patient Survival in Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2017; 27:1523-1533. [PMID: 29105562 PMCID: PMC5734142 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor 1 protein functions to slow cell-cycle progression. Inactivation of RB by reduced expression and/or hyperphosphorylation allow for enhanced progression through the cell cycle. Murine models develop medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) after generalized loss of RB. However, RB expression in MTC has only been evaluated in a small number of tumors, with differing results. The objective of this study was to determine whether reduced expression of RB and/or overexpression of hyperphosphorylated RB predict MTC aggressive behavior. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary thyroid tumors and lymph node metastases from MTC patients were evaluated for calcitonin, RB, and phosphorylated RB (pRB) expression by immunohistochemistry. Two expert pathologists evaluated the slides in a blinded manner, and the immunohistochemistry results were compared to disease-specific survival as a primary endpoint. RESULTS Seventy-four MTC samples from 56 patients were analyzed in this study, including 51 primary tumors and 23 lymph node metastases. The median follow-up time was 6.75 years after surgery (range 0.64-24.30 years), and the median primary tumor size was 30 mm (range 6-96 mm). Sixty-six percent of cases were classified as stage IV. RB nuclear expression was diffusely present in 88% of primary tumors and 78% of lymph node metastases. Nuclear pRB expression was present in 22% of primary tumors and 22% of lymph node metastases. On univariate analysis, reduced RB (<75% tumor cell staining) trended with lower MTC-specific survival for primary tumor and metastatic nodes (primary tumor hazard ratio = 3.54 [confidence interval 0.81-15.47], p = 0.08; and lymph node hazard ratio = 4.35 [confidence interval 0.87-21.83], p = 0.05). For primary tumors, multivariable analysis showed that low nuclear RB expression was independently associated with worse disease-specific (p = 0.01) and overall (p = 0.02) survival. pRB levels were not associated with survival for either primary tumor or lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS Reduced RB expression is associated with decreased patient survival in univariate and multivariable analyses, independent from patient age at surgery or advanced TNM stage. Future studies involving larger MTC patient populations are warranted to determine if lower RB expression levels may serve as a biomarker for aggressive disease in patients with MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisley Valenciaga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth G. Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Porter
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul E. Wakely
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle D. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J. Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasyl V. Vasko
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Motoyasu Saji
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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