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Chen Y, Yang WH, Chen HF, Huang LM, Gao JY, Lin CW, Wang YC, Yang CS, Liu YL, Hou MH, Tsai CL, Chou YZ, Huang BY, Hung CF, Hung YL, Wang WJ, Su WC, Kumar V, Wu YC, Chao SW, Chang CS, Chen JS, Chiang YP, Cho DY, Jeng LB, Tsai CH, Hung MC. Tafenoquine and its derivatives as inhibitors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101658. [PMID: 35101449 PMCID: PMC8800562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has severely affected human lives around the world as well as the global economy. Therefore, effective treatments against COVID-19 are urgently needed. Here, we screened a library containing Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds to identify drugs that could target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), which is indispensable for viral protein maturation and regard as an important therapeutic target. We identified antimalarial drug tafenoquine (TFQ), which is approved for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and malaria prophylaxis, as a top candidate to inhibit Mpro protease activity. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with TFQ revealed that TFQ noncovalently bound to and reshaped the substrate-binding pocket of Mpro by altering the loop region (residues 139–144) near the catalytic Cys145, which could block the catalysis of its peptide substrates. We also found that TFQ inhibited human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Furthermore, one TFQ derivative, compound 7, showed a better therapeutic index than TFQ on TMPRSS2 and may therefore inhibit the infectibility of SARS-CoV-2, including that of several mutant variants. These results suggest new potential strategies to block infection of SARS-CoV-2 and rising variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Gao
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shin Yang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Hou
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Chou
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Yue Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Fang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hung
- Program of Digital Health Innovation, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vathan Kumar
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chao
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yang Cho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Fernández-Simón E, Lleixà C, Suarez-Calvet X, Diaz-Manera J, Illa I, Gallardo E, de Luna N. Proteasome inhibitors reduce thrombospondin-1 release in human dysferlin-deficient myotubes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:784. [PMID: 33246442 PMCID: PMC7697384 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysferlinopathies are a group of muscle disorders causing muscle weakness and absence or low levels of dysferlin, a type-II transmembrane protein and the causative gene of these dystrophies. Dysferlin is implicated in vesicle fusion, trafficking, and membrane repair. Muscle biopsy of patients with dysferlinopathy is characterized by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. Studies in the muscle of both human and mouse models of dysferlinopathy suggest dysferlin deficient muscle plays a role in this inflammation by releasing thrombospondin-1. It has also been reported that vitamin D3 treatment enhances dysferlin expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system recognizes and removes proteins that fail to fold or assemble properly and previous studies suggest that its inhibition could have a therapeutic effect in muscle dystrophies. Here we assessed whether inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system prevented degradation of dysferlin in immortalized myoblasts from a patients with two missense mutations in exon 44. Methods To assess proteasome inhibition we treated dysferlin deficient myotubes with EB1089, a vitamin D3 analog, oprozomib and ixazomib. Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of these treatments on the recovery of dysferlin and myogenin expression. TSP-1 was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the effect of these drugs on its release. A membrane repair assay was designed to assess the ability of treated myotubes to recover after membrane injury and fusion index was also measured with the different treatments. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post hoc test and analysis of variance. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Treatment with proteasome inhibitors and EB1089 resulted in a trend towards an increase in dysferlin and myogenin expression. Furthermore, EB1089 and proteasome inhibitors reduced the release of TSP-1 in myotubes. However, no effect was observed on the repair of muscle membrane after injury. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system might not be the main mechanism of mutant dysferlin degradation. However, its inhibition could help to improve muscle inflammation by reducing TSP-1 release. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03756-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fernández-Simón
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Lleixà
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Suarez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Noemí de Luna
- Neuromuscular Diseases group. Institut de Recerca Hospital de Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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Iatmanen-Harbi S, Senicourt L, Papadopoulos V, Lequin O, Lacapere JJ. Characterization of the High-Affinity Drug Ligand Binding Site of Mouse Recombinant TSPO. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061444. [PMID: 30901938 PMCID: PMC6470738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimization of translocator protein (TSPO) ligands for Positron Emission Tomography as well as for the modulation of neurosteroids is a critical necessity for the development of TSPO-based diagnostics and therapeutics of neuropsychiatrics and neurodegenerative disorders. Structural hints on the interaction site and ligand binding mechanism are essential for the development of efficient TSPO ligands. Recently published atomic structures of recombinant mammalian and bacterial TSPO1, bound with either the high-affinity drug ligand PK 11195 or protoporphyrin IX, have revealed the membrane protein topology and the ligand binding pocket. The ligand is surrounded by amino acids from the five transmembrane helices as well as the cytosolic loops. However, the precise mechanism of ligand binding remains unknown. Previous biochemical studies had suggested that ligand selectivity and binding was governed by these loops. We performed site-directed mutagenesis to further test this hypothesis and measured the binding affinities. We show that aromatic residues (Y34 and F100) from the cytosolic loops contribute to PK 11195 access to its binding site. Limited proteolytic digestion, circular dichroism and solution two-dimensional (2-D) NMR using selective amino acid labelling provide information on the intramolecular flexibility and conformational changes in the TSPO structure upon PK 11195 binding. We also discuss the differences in the PK 11195 binding affinities and the primary structure between TSPO (TSPO1) and its paralogous gene product TSPO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soria Iatmanen-Harbi
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lucile Senicourt
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lacapere
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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