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Wang Y, Cheng S, Fleishman JS, Chen J, Tang H, Chen ZS, Chen W, Ding M. Targeting anoikis resistance as a strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101099. [PMID: 38850692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anoikis, known as matrix detachment-induced apoptosis or detachment-induced cell death, is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis. Cancer cells develop means to evade anoikis, e.g. anoikis resistance, thereby allowing for cells to survive under anchorage-independent conditions. Uncovering the mechanisms of anoikis resistance will provide details about cancer metastasis, and potential strategies against cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Here, we summarize the principal elements and core molecular mechanisms of anoikis and anoikis resistance. We discuss the latest progress of how anoikis and anoikis resistance are regulated in cancers. Furthermore, we summarize emerging data on selective compounds and nanomedicines, explaining how inhibiting anoikis resistance can serve as a meaningful treatment modality against cancers. Finally, we discuss the key limitations of this therapeutic paradigm and possible strategies to overcome them. In this review, we suggest that pharmacological modulation of anoikis and anoikis resistance by bioactive compounds could surmount anoikis resistance, highlighting a promising therapeutic regimen that could be used to overcome anoikis resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sihang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingchao Ding
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Matwiejuk M, Myśliwiec H, Chabowski A, Flisiak I. An Overview of Growth Factors as the Potential Link between Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 13:109. [PMID: 38202116 PMCID: PMC10780265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, complex, and immunologically mediated systemic disease that not only affects the skin, but also the joints and nails. It may coexist with various other disorders, such as depression, psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. In particular, the potential link between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome is an issue worthy of attention. The dysregulation of growth factors could potentially contribute to the disturbances of keratinocyte proliferation, inflammation, and itch severity. However, the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome, remains incompletely elucidated. Growth factors and their abnormal metabolism may be a potential link connecting these conditions. Overall, the objective of this review is to analyze the role of growth factor disturbances in both psoriasis and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Matwiejuk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Myśliwiec
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Raudenska M, Balvan J, Hanelova K, Bugajova M, Masarik M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Mediators of head and neck tumor microenvironment remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188940. [PMID: 37331641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in critical aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) pathogenesis, such as the formation of a tumor-permissive extracellular matrix structure, angiogenesis, or immune and metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME), with implications for metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The pleiotropic effect of CAFs in TME is likely to reflect the heterogeneity and plasticity of their population, with context-dependent effects on carcinogenesis. The specific properties of CAFs provide many targetable molecules that could play an important role in the future therapy of HNSCC. In this review article, we will focus on the role of CAFs in the TME of HNSCC tumors. We will also discuss clinically relevant agents targeting CAFs, their signals, and signaling pathways, which are activated by CAFs in cancer cells, with the potential for repurposing for HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Hanelova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Bugajova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, / U Nemocnice 5, CZ-128 53 Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Yang L, Xu F. A novel anoikis-related risk model predicts prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and responses to different immunotherapy strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10879-10892. [PMID: 37318595 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to study the role of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) using bioinformatics. METHODS GSE39582 and GSE39084, which collectively contain 363 CRC samples, were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as a test set. TCGA-COADREAD, with 376 CRC samples, was downloaded from the UCSC database as a validation set. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen for ARGs that were significantly associated with prognosis. The top 10 ARGs were used to classify the samples into different subtypes based on unsupervised cluster analysis. The immune environments of the different subtypes were analyzed. ARGs that were significantly associated with CRC prognosis were used to construct a risk model. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen independent prognostic factors and construct a nomogram. RESULTS Four anoikis-related subtypes (ARSs) with differential prognoses and immune microenvironments were identified. KRAS and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways were enriched in subtype B, which had the worst prognosis. Three ARGs (DLG1, AKT3, and LPAR1) were used to construct the risk model. Both the test and validation sets showed worse outcomes for patients in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group. Risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for CRC. Moreover, there was a difference in drug sensitivity between the high- and low-risk groups. CONCLUSION The identified ARGs and risk scores were associated with CRC prognosis and could predict the responses of patients with CRC to immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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Wang H, Tran TT, Duong KT, Nguyen T, Le UM. Options of Therapeutics and Novel Delivery Systems of Drugs for the Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4487-4505. [PMID: 36305753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most severe cancerous diseases. The cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as ERK, HGF/c-MET, WNT, and COX-2 to cause the cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Treatment of melanoma, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy, is based on 4 major or 11 substages of the disease. Fourteen drugs, including dacarbazine, interferon α-2b, interleukin-12, ipilimumab, peginterferon α-2b, vemurafenib, trametinib, talimogene laherparepvec, cobimetinib, pembrolizumab, dabrafenib, binimetinib, encorafenib, and nivolumab, have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of melanoma. All of them are in conventional dosage forms of injection solutions, suspensions, oral tablets, or capsules. Major drawbacks of the treatment are side effects of the drugs and patients' incompliance to them. These are consequences of high doses and long-term treatments for the diseases. Currently more than 350 NCI-registered clinical trials are being carried out to treat advanced and/or metastatic melanoma using novel treatment methods, such as immune cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and new therapeutic targets. In addition, novel delivery systems using biomaterials of the approved drugs have been developed attempting to increase the drug delivery, targeting, stability, bioavailability, thus potentially reducing the toxicity and increasing the treatment effectiveness. Nanoparticles and liposomes have been emerging as advanced delivery systems which can improve drug stability and systemic circulation time. In this review, the most recent findings in the options for treatment and development of novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of melanoma are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States.,Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Study, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Tuan T Tran
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Katherine T Duong
- CVS Pharmacy, 18872 Beach Boulevard, Huntington Beach, California 92648, United States
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
| | - Uyen M Le
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California 95757, United States
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6
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Hashimoto S, Hashimoto A, Muromoto R, Kitai Y, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Central Roles of STAT3-Mediated Signals in Onset and Development of Cancers: Tumorigenesis and Immunosurveillance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162618. [PMID: 36010693 PMCID: PMC9406645 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the time of Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century, it has been well-known that cancer-associated inflammation contributes to tumor initiation and progression. However, it remains unclear whether a collapse of the balance between the antitumor immune response via the immunological surveillance system and protumor immunity due to cancer-related inflammation is responsible for cancer malignancy. The majority of inflammatory signals affect tumorigenesis by activating signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB. Persistent STAT3 activation in malignant cancer cells mediates extremely widespread functions, including cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, and invasion and contributes to an increase in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. In addition, intracellular STAT3 activation in immune cells causes suppressive effects on antitumor immunity and leads to the differentiation and mobilization of immature myeloid-derived cells and tumor-associated macrophages. In many cancer types, STAT3 does not directly rely on its activation by oncogenic mutations but has important oncogenic and malignant transformation-associated functions in both cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We have reported a series of studies aiming towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the proliferation of various types of tumors involving signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 as an adaptor molecule that modulates STAT3 activity, and we recently found that AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a functions as an mRNA stabilizer that orchestrates an immunosuppressive TME in malignant mesenchymal tumors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the functional role of STAT3 in tumor progression and introduce novel molecular mechanisms of cancer development and malignant transformation involving STAT3 activation that we have identified to date. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for cancer that target the signaling pathway to augment STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.M.)
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7
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Tanaka R, Terai M, Londin E, Sato T. The Role of HGF/MET Signaling in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215457. [PMID: 34771620 PMCID: PMC8582360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) signaling plays an important role in the metastatic formation and therapeutic resistance to uveal melanoma. Here, we review the various functions of MET signaling contributing to metastatic formation, as well as review resistance to treatments in metastatic uveal melanoma. Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) signaling promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various types of cancer, including uveal melanoma (UM). The roles of HGF/MET signaling have been studied in cell survival, proliferation, cell motility, and migration. Furthermore, HGF/MET signaling has emerged as a critical player not only in the tumor itself but also in the tumor microenvironment. Expression of MET is frequently observed in metastatic uveal melanoma and is associated with poor prognosis. It has been reported that HGF/MET signaling pathway activation is the major mechanism of treatment resistance in metastatic UM (MUM). To achieve maximal therapeutic benefit in MUM patients, it is important to understand how MET signaling drives cellular functions in uveal melanoma cells. Here, we review the HGF/MET signaling biology and the role of HGF/MET blockades in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-955-4780
| | - Eric Londin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33436555 PMCID: PMC7804459 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV+ve and HPV-ve (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:92. [PMID: 33243986 PMCID: PMC7944998 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1681] [Impact Index Per Article: 420.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most head and neck cancers are derived from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and are known collectively as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oral cavity and larynx cancers are generally associated with tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse or both, whereas pharynx cancers are increasingly attributed to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV-16. Thus, HNSCC can be separated into HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. Despite evidence of histological progression from cellular atypia through various degrees of dysplasia, ultimately leading to invasive HNSCC, most patients are diagnosed with late-stage HNSCC without a clinically evident antecedent pre-malignant lesion. Traditional staging of HNSCC using the tumour-node-metastasis system has been supplemented by the 2017 AJCC/UICC staging system, which incorporates additional information relevant to HPV-positive disease. Treatment is generally multimodal, consisting of surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for oral cavity cancers and primary CRT for pharynx and larynx cancers. The EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is generally used in combination with radiation in HPV-negative HNSCC where comorbidities prevent the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The FDA approved the immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC and pembrolizumab as primary treatment for unresectable disease. Elucidation of the molecular genetic landscape of HNSCC over the past decade has revealed new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Ongoing efforts aim to integrate our understanding of HNSCC biology and immunobiology to identify predictive biomarkers that will enable delivery of the most effective, least-toxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C. René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,
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10
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Principles and Functions in Glioma Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:151-178. [PMID: 32034713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that are capable of adding a phosphate group to specific tyrosines on target proteins. A receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a tyrosine kinase located at the cellular membrane and is activated by binding of a ligand via its extracellular domain. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell and regulating cellular activity; furthermore, this mechanism functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. Ninety unique tyrosine kinase genes, including 58 RTKs, were identified in the human genome; the products of these genes regulate cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, function, and motility. Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer, in addition to their roles as key regulators of normal cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that RTKs such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Met, Tie, Axl, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) play a major role in glioma invasion. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of RTKs in glioma pathobiology, especially the invasive phenotype, and present the perspective that RTKs are a potential target of glioma therapy.
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11
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Chen JJ, Sun X, Mao QQ, Jiang XY, Zhao XG, Xu WJ, Zhong L. Increased expression of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) is associated with a poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its knockdown inhibits cell growth and migration partly by down-regulation of c-Met. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:196-205. [PMID: 31749294 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic and neurological expression 1 (HN1) has been reported to involved in certain cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. The contribution of HN1 to HCC progression was investigated in the present study. We found that HN1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues, compared with normal tissues, by analyzing the Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas database; and found that high expression of HN1 was markedly associated with worse overall survival, relapse-free survival, progression- free survival and disease-specific survival in HCC patients via exploring the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Functional assays revealed that HN1 knockdown by siRNA induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the growth and migration of HCC cells; accordingly, HN1 over-expression promoted HCC cells proliferation and migration. Further studies indicated that HN1 knockdown reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4, while upregulated the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1. Moreover, HN1 knockdown decreased c-Met (receptor tyrosine kinase of hepatocyte growth factor) expression, and suppressed ERK activation, which is a common downstream signaling pathway triggered by c-Met; consistently, HN1 over-expression reversed these effects. Meanwhile, down-regulation of c-Met partly eliminated the effect of HN1 over-expression in HCC cells. Thus, the present findings suggested that HN1 promotes the progression of HCC to some extent by up-regulating the expression of c-Met, and may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Guang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chen D, Wang CY. Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:152-165. [PMID: 31598386 PMCID: PMC6770277 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth
most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall
5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a
small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into
different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC,
CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug
resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular
characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature
for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also
highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for
eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Guo C, Xu LF, Li HM, Wang W, Guo JH, Jia MQ, Jia R, Jia J. Transcriptomic study of the mechanism of anoikis resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6978. [PMID: 31198634 PMCID: PMC6535219 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal epithelial cells rapidly undergo apoptosis as soon as they lose contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is termed as anoikis. However, cancer cells tend to develop a resistance mechanism to anoikis. This acquired ability is termed as anoikis resistance. Cancer cells, with anoikis resistance, can spread to distant tissues or organs via the peripheral circulatory system and cause cancer metastasis. Thus, inhibition of anoikis resistance blocks the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Methods Anoikis-resistant CAL27 (CAL27AR) cells were induced from CAL27 cells using the suspension culture approach. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-Seq to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAL27ARcells and the parental CAL27 cells. Gene function annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Signaling pathways involved in DEGs were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Analysis results were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting, and gene correlation analysis based on the TCGA database. Results GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological process (BP) of the DEGs was associated with epidermal development, DNA replication, and G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. The analysis of cellular component (CC) showed that the most significant up-regulated genes were related to extracellular exosome. KEGG Pathway analysis revealed that 23 signaling pathways were activated (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05) and 22 signaling pathways were suppressed (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05). The results from the GSEA indicated that in contrast to the inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway was activated. The VEGF signaling pathway possibly activates STAT3 though induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Gene correlation analysis revealed that the VEGFA- STAT3-KLF4-CDKN1A signal axis was not only present in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) but also two other epithelial-derived carcinomas that highly express VEGFA, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Feng Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji-Hua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Qi Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Kupsamy K, Moodley J, Naicker T. Hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor in HIV infected women with preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 240:9-14. [PMID: 31202974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) both have tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR and c-Met) which upon binding, activates and regulates many important cellular processes such as cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, repair and so forth via the RAS/MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and JAK STAT3 pathways. These processes are crucial for the development of a placenta and other functions in order for a normal pregnancy to occur. Hence, this study determined the concentrations of HGF and EGF to find the correlation between HIV and preeclampsia (PE). STUDY DESIGN A total sample size of n = 80 was used, n = 40 preeclamptic women and n = 40 normotensive women these were further stratified into HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Analysis of the growth factors were done by using the multiplex Bio-Plex immunoassay method. RESULTS Irrespective of HIV status, based on pregnancy type, EGF in PE women displayed an upregulation compared to normotensive women. However, for HGF no variance was found between pregnancy type. Based on HIV status, regardless of pregnancy type, both HGF and EGF levels were significantly increased in HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women. Across all groups for HGF, significant difference was found between HIV-negative normotensive women (lower) vs HIV-positive normotensive women (higher). Nevertheless, for EGF across all groups, a statistically significant decrease was found in HIV-negative normotensive women compared to HIV-positive normotensive women, HIV-positive PE women and HIV-negative PE women. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that there is a strong association between HIV and PE and that HGF and EGF are promising biomarkers to use as a diagnostic tool for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kupsamy
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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15
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Peltanova B, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:63. [PMID: 30927923 PMCID: PMC6441173 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. These crucial parts of the surrounding stroma can function as both positive and negative regulators of all hallmarks of cancer development, including evasion of apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis, deregulation of the energy metabolism, resistance to the immune detection and destruction, and activation of invasion and metastasis. This review represents a summary of recent studies focusing on describing these effects of microenvironment on initiation and progression of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma, since it is becoming clear that an investigation of differences in stromal composition of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment and their impact on cancer development and progression may help better understand the mechanisms behind different responses to therapy and help define possible targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595,, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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16
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Apicella M, Giannoni E, Fiore S, Ferrari KJ, Fernández-Pérez D, Isella C, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Sottile A, Comoglio PM, Medico E, Pietrantonio F, Volante M, Pasini D, Chiarugi P, Giordano S, Corso S. Increased Lactate Secretion by Cancer Cells Sustains Non-cell-autonomous Adaptive Resistance to MET and EGFR Targeted Therapies. Cell Metab 2018; 28:848-865.e6. [PMID: 30174307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment influences cancer drug response and sustains resistance to therapies targeting receptor-tyrosine kinases. However, if and how the tumor microenvironment can be altered during treatment, contributing to resistance onset, is not known. We show that, under prolonged treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), EGFR- or MET-addicted cancer cells displayed a metabolic shift toward increased glycolysis and lactate production. We identified secreted lactate as the key molecule instructing cancer-associated fibroblasts to produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in a nuclear factor κB-dependent manner. Increased HGF, activating MET-dependent signaling in cancer cells, sustained resistance to TKIs. Functional or pharmacological targeting of molecules involved in the lactate axis abrogated in vivo resistance, demonstrating the crucial role of this metabolite in the adaptive process. This adaptive resistance mechanism was observed in lung cancer patients progressed on EGFR TKIs, demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings and opening novel scenarios in the challenge to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apicella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Stephany Fiore
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Karin Johanna Ferrari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonino Sottile
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy; Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy; Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Simona Corso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; University of Torino, Department of Oncology, 10060, Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
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17
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HGF/c-MET Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123844. [PMID: 30513872 PMCID: PMC6321285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signaling is involved in complex cellular programs that are important for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, but its activity is also utilized by cancer cells during tumor progression. HGF and c-MET usually mediate heterotypic cell–cell interactions, such as epithelial–mesenchymal, including tumor–stroma interactions. In the skin, dermal fibroblasts are the main source of HGF. The presence of c-MET on keratinocytes is crucial for wound healing in the skin. HGF is not released by normal melanocytes, but as melanocytes express c-MET, they are receptive to HGF, which protects them from apoptosis and stimulates their proliferation and motility. Dissimilar to melanocytes, melanoma cells not only express c-MET, but also release HGF, thus activating c-MET in an autocrine manner. Stimulation of the HGF/c-MET pathways contributes to several processes that are crucial for melanoma development, such as proliferation, survival, motility, and invasiveness, including distant metastatic niche formation. HGF might be a factor in the innate and acquired resistance of melanoma to oncoprotein-targeted drugs. It is not entirely clear whether elevated serum HGF level is associated with low progression-free survival and overall survival after treatment with targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of HGF/c-MET signaling in melanoma with some introductory information on its function in skin and melanocytes.
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18
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Noriega-Guerra H, Freitas VM. Extracellular Matrix Influencing HGF/c-MET Signaling Pathway: Impact on Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113300. [PMID: 30352967 PMCID: PMC6274944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment involved in numerous cellular processes that contribute to cancer progression. It is acknowledged that tumor–stromal cell communication is driven by a complex and dynamic network of cytokines, growth factors and proteases. Thus, the ECM works as a reservoir for bioactive molecules that modulate tumor cell behavior. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by tumor and stromal cells acts as a multifunctional cytokine and activates the c-MET receptor, which is expressed in different tumor cell types. The HGF/c-MET signaling pathway is associated with several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, c-MET activation can be promoted by several ECM components, including proteoglycans and glycoproteins that act as bridging molecules and/or signal co-receptors. In contrast, c-MET activation can be inhibited by proteoglycans, matricellular proteins and/or proteases that bind and sequester HGF away from the cell surface. Therefore, understanding the effects of ECM components on HGF and c-MET may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we give a short overview of how certain ECM components regulate the distribution and activation of HGF and c-MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heydi Noriega-Guerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, sala 428, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, sala 428, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Du S, Miao J, Zhu Z, Xu E, Shi L, Ai S, Wang F, Kang X, Chen H, Lu X, Guan W, Xia X. NADPH oxidase 4 regulates anoikis resistance of gastric cancer cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of EGFR. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 30237423 PMCID: PMC6148243 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis is a type of programmed cell death induced by detachment from the extracellular matrix. In cancer cells, anoikis resistance is essential for cancer cell survival in blood circulation and distant metastasis. However, the mechanisms behind anoikis resistance of gastric cancer remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are upregulated in suspension gastric cell cultures compared with adherent cultures. Silencing of NOX4 decreases ROS generation and downregulates EGFR, sensitizing cells to anoikis. NOX4 overexpression upregulates ROS and EGFR levels and promotes anoikis resistance. NOX4 depletion inhibits gastric cancer survival in blood circulation and attenuates distant metastasis. NOX4 expression is correlated with EGFR expression in patients. In conclusion, induction of NOX4 expression by detachment promotes anoikis resistance of gastric cancer through ROS generation and downstream upregulation of EGFR, which is critical for the metastatic progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangce Du
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhouting Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - En Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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20
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Chemopreventive and antitumor effects of benzyl isothiocynate on HCC models: A possible role of HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis and VEGF. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:65-75. [PMID: 30216802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a member of the isothiocyanate compounds that found in cruciferous vegetables. BITC has a potential anticancer effect in different types of tumors. Few studies referred to the antineoplastic effect of BITC against HCC. The mechanism of BITC concerning retardation of HCC progression is incompletely understood. AIM OF THE WORK This study evaluated the role of HGF, pAkt and STAT3 in BITC induced HCC growth retardation. METHOD HCC was induced in mice using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 75 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks. BITC 10 and 20 mg/kg was given to mice orally each day for 10 weeks. The HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7 were also used to evaluate the effect of BITC on tumor cells behavior. Immunoassay was used to detect expressions of caspase-3 activity, VEGF, MMP-2, TNF-α, HGF and pAkt. STAT3 expression was detected in liver tissues using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS BITC has a potential role in suppressing hepatic precancerous lesion progression in mice. The drug increased caspase-3 activity in tumor cells and inhibited the angiogenic marker VEGF. It also decreased the metastatic marker MMP-2. This anticancer effect of BITC was observed in DEN treated mice as well as in hepatoma cell lines. The reported antineoplastic activity was correlated with downregulation of HGF and its downstream molecules pAkt and STAT3. CONCLUSION The effect of BITC on HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis has a potential role in both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of BITC.
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21
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Activated HGF-c-Met Axis in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120169. [PMID: 29231907 PMCID: PMC5742817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly morbid disease. Recent developments including Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved molecular targeted agent’s pembrolizumab and cetuximab show promise but did not improve the five-year survival which is currently less than 40%. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor; also known as mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); and regulates tumor progression and response to therapy. The c-Met pathway has been shown to regulate many cellular processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. The c-Met pathway is involved in cross-talk, activation, and perpetuation of other signaling pathways, curbing the cogency of a blockade molecule on a single pathway. The receptor and its ligand act on several downstream effectors including phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), cellular Src kinase (c-Src), phosphotidylinsitol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), mitogen activate protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathways. They are also known to cross-talk with other receptors; namely epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and specifically contribute to treatment resistance. Clinical trials targeting the c-Met axis in HNSCC have been undertaken because of significant preclinical work demonstrating a relationship between HGF/c-Met signaling and cancer cell survival. Here we focus on HGF/c-Met impact on cellular signaling in HNSCC to potentiate tumor growth and disrupt therapeutic efficacy. Herein we summarize the current understanding of HGF/c-Met signaling and its effects on HNSCC. The intertwining of c-Met signaling with other signaling pathways provides opportunities for more robust and specific therapies, leading to better clinical outcomes.
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Liu S, Ren B, Gao H, Liao S, Zhai YX, Li S, Su XJ, Jin P, Stroncek D, Xu Z, Zeng Q, Li Y. Over-expression of BAG-1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is associated with cisplatin-resistance. J Transl Med 2017; 15:189. [PMID: 28877725 PMCID: PMC5588726 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to improve therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), biomarkers associated with local and/or distant tumor relapses and cancer drug resistance are urgently needed. This study identified a potential biomarker, Bcl-2 associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1), that is implicated in HNSCC insensitive to cisplatin and tumor progression. Methods Primary and advanced (relapsed from parental) University of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were tested for sensitivity to cisplatin and gene expression profiles were compared between primary (cisplatin sensitive) and the relapsed (cisplatin resistant) cell lines by using Agilent microarrays. Additionally, differentially expressed genes phosphorylated AKT, and BAG-1, and BCL-xL were evaluated for expression using HNSCC tissue arrays. Results Advanced HNSCC cells revealed resistant to cisplatin accompanied by increased expression of BAG-1 protein. siRNA knockdown of BAG-1 expression resulted in significant improvement of HNSCC sensitivity to cisplatin. BAG-1 expression enhanced stability of BCL-xL and conferred cisplatin resistant to the HNSCC cells. In addition, high levels of expression of phosphorylated AKT, BAG-1, and BCL-xL were observed in advanced HNSCC compared to in that of primary HNSCC. Conclusion Increased expression of BAG-1 was associated with cisplatin resistance and tumor progression in HNSCC patients and warrants further validation in larger independent studies. Over expression of BAG-1 may be a biomarker for cisplatin resistance in patients with primary or recurrent HNSCCs and targeting BAG-1 could be helpful in overcoming cisplatin resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1289-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bo Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Suchan Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Department of Physiology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying-Xian Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shirong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xue-Jin Su
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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23
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de Sousa Mesquita AP, de Araújo Lopes S, Pernambuco Filho PCA, Nader HB, Lopes CC. Acquisition of anoikis resistance promotes alterations in the Ras/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and matrix remodeling in endothelial cells. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1116-1137. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Hu CT, Wu JR, Cheng CC, Wu WS. The Therapeutic Targeting of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Alternative Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9060058. [PMID: 28587113 PMCID: PMC5483877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most devastating cancers worldwide, is due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. Among the metastatic factors in the tumor microenvironment, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been well known to play critical roles in tumor progression, including HCC. Therefore, c-Met is now regarded as the most promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. However, there are still concerns about resistance and the side effects of using conventional inhibitors of c-Met, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, many alternative strategies of c-Met targeting have been emerging. These include targeting the downstream effectors of c-Met, such as hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5), to block the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling for HCC progression. Also, inhibition of endosomal regulators, such as PKCε and GGA3, may perturb the c-Met endosomal signaling for HCC cell migration. On the other hand, many herbal antagonists of c-Met-dependent signaling, such as saponin, resveratrol, and LZ-8, were identified. Taken together, it can be anticipated that more effective and safer c-Met targeting strategies for preventing HCC progression can be established in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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25
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Chen D, Wu M, Li Y, Chang I, Yuan Q, Ekimyan-Salvo M, Deng P, Yu B, Yu Y, Dong J, Szymanski JM, Ramadoss S, Li J, Wang CY. Targeting BMI1 + Cancer Stem Cells Overcomes Chemoresistance and Inhibits Metastases in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:621-634.e6. [PMID: 28285905 PMCID: PMC5419860 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck (HNSCC) is a common yet poorly understood cancer, with adverse clinical outcomes due to treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in HNSCC, and BMI1 expression has been linked to these phenotypes, but optimal treatment strategies to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance and eliminate metastases have not yet been identified. Here we show through lineage tracing and genetic ablation that BMI1+ CSCs mediate invasive growth and cervical lymph node metastasis in a mouse model of HNSCC. This model and primary human HNSCC samples contain highly tumorigenic, invasive, and cisplatin-resistant BMI1+ CSCs, which exhibit increased AP-1 activity that drives invasive growth and metastasis of HNSCC. Inhibiting AP-1 or BMI1 sensitized tumors to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and it eliminated lymph node metastases by targeting CSCs and the tumor bulk, suggesting potential regimens to overcome resistance to treatments and eradicate HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mansi Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Insoon Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mari Ekimyan-Salvo
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongxin Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John M Szymanski
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sivakumar Ramadoss
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiong Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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26
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Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li J, Chang I, Wang CY. A novel read-through transcript JMJD7-PLA2G4B regulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:1972-1982. [PMID: 28030848 PMCID: PMC5341748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings on the existence of oncogenic fusion genes in a wide array of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), suggests that fusion genes have become attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we showed for the first time that a read-through fusion gene JMJD7-PLA2G4B is presented in HNSCC, splicing neighboring jumonji domain containing 7 (JMJD7) and phospholipase A2, group IVB (PLA2G4B) genes together. Ablation of JMJD7-PLA2G4B significantly inhibited proliferation of HNSCC cells by promoting G1 cell cycle arrest and increased starvation-induced cell death compared to JMJD7-only knockdown HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, we found that JMJD7-PLA2G4B modulates phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B (AKT) to promote HNSCC cell survival. Moreover, JMJD7-PLA2G4B also regulated an E3 ligase S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) to control the cell cycle progression from G1 phase to S phase by inhibiting Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) and 1B (p27) expression. Our study provides novel insights into the oncogenic control of JMJD7-PLA2G4B in HNSCC cell proliferation and survival, and suggests that JMJD7-PLA2G4B may serve as an important therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HNSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingduan Cheng
- The Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- The Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiong Li
- The Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Insoon Chang
- The Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- The Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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27
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Imura Y, Nakai T, Yamada S, Outani H, Takenaka S, Hamada K, Araki N, Itoh K, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Functional and therapeutic relevance of hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET signaling in synovial sarcoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1867-1876. [PMID: 27779808 PMCID: PMC5198956 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis and, thus, novel therapeutic strategies for SS are urgently required. In the present study, we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐MET signaling in SS. Both HGF and c‐MET were highly expressed in Yamato‐SS cells, resulting in activation of c‐MET and its downstream AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathways, whereas c‐MET was expressed but not activated in SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. c‐MET‐activated Yamato‐SS cells showed higher anchorage‐independent growth ability and less sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents than did c‐MET‐inactivated SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. INC280, a selective c‐MET inhibitor, inhibited growth of Yamato‐SS cells both in vitro and in vivo but not that of SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. INC280 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and blocked phosphorylation of c‐MET and its downstream effectors in Yamato‐SS cells. Co‐expression of HGF and c‐MET in SS clinical samples correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with SS. Taken together, activation of HGF/c‐MET signaling in an autocrine fashion leads to an aggressive phenotype in SS and targeting of this signaling exerts superior antitumor effects on c‐MET‐activated SS. HGF/c‐MET expression status is a potential biomarker for identification of SS patients with a worse prognosis who can benefit from c‐MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Imura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Araki
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Liao YH, Chiang KH, Shieh JM, Huang CR, Shen CJ, Huang WC, Chen BK. Epidermal growth factor-induced ANGPTL4 enhances anoikis resistance and tumour metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:2228-2242. [PMID: 27797381 PMCID: PMC5415642 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is important for cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis in many types of cancer. However, the mechanisms involved in EGF-induced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) plays an important role in the regulation of EGF-induced cancer metastasis. We showed that EGF-induced ANGPTL4 expression promoted anoikis resistance and cancer cell migration and invasion in HNSCC. In addition, depletion of ANGPTL4 inhibited EGF-induced cancer cell invasion. Autocrine production of EGF-induced ANGPTL4 regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The induction of MMP-1 gene expression by ANGPTL4-activated integrin β1 signalling occurred through the AP-1 binding site in the MMP-1 gene promoter. Furthermore, down-regulation of MMP-1 impeded EGF- and recombinant ANGPTL4-enhanced HNSCC cell migration and invasion. Depletion of ANGPTL4 significantly blocked EGF-primed extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumour cells and MMP-1 expression in lungs. However, no effect of ANGPTL4 on tumour growth was observed. These results suggest that EGF-induced expression and autocrine production of ANGPTL4 enhances HNSCC metastasis via the up-regulation of MMP-1 expression. Inhibition of ANGPTL4 expression may be a potential strategy for the treatment of EGFR-mediated HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - K-H Chiang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J-M Shieh
- Department of Chest Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-R Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-J Shen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - W-C Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - B-K Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Hartmann S, Bhola NE, Grandis JR. HGF/Met Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer: Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4005-13. [PMID: 27370607 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date have revealed several major molecular alterations that contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) initiation, progression, metastatic spread, and therapeutic failure. The EGFR is the only FDA-approved therapeutic target, yet responses to cetuximab have been limited. Activation and cross-talk of cellular receptors and consequent activation of different signaling pathways contribute to limited activity of blockade of a single pathway. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, Met, has been implicated in HNSCC tumorigenesis and EGFR inhibitor resistance. HGF, the sole ligand of Met, is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. The role of HGF/Met signaling in proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis has been investigated in HNSCC, leading to clinical trials with various Met inhibitors and HGF antibodies. However, the role of the HGF/Met signaling axis in mediating the tumor microenvironment has been relatively understudied in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of Met and HGF in HNSCC with a focus on the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4005-13. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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30
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Zhang X, Cheng SL, Bian K, Wang L, Zhang X, Yan B, Jia LT, Zhao J, Gammoh N, Yang AG, Zhang R. MicroRNA-26a promotes anoikis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting alpha5 integrin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2277-89. [PMID: 25537511 PMCID: PMC4385851 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major reason for the death of patients suffering from malignant diseases such as human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the complex metastatic process, resistance to anoikis is one of the most important steps. Previous studies demonstrate that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) is an important tumor suppressor that inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells by targeting multiple oncogenic proteins. However, whether miR-26a can also influence anoikis has not been well established. Here, we discovered that miR-26a promotes anoikis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. With a combinational analysis of bioinformatics and public clinical databases, we predicted that alpha5 integrin (ITGA5), an integrin family member, is a putative target of miR-26a. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence to confirm that ITGA5 is a bona fide target of miR-26a. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that ITGA5 is a functional target of miR-26a-induced anoikis in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings reveal that miR-26a is a novel player during anoikis and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu-Li Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Ka Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Khajah MA, Luqmani YA. Involvement of Membrane Blebbing in Immunological Disorders and Cancer. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25 Suppl 2:18-27. [PMID: 26488882 PMCID: PMC5588526 DOI: 10.1159/000441848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular blebbing is a unique form of dynamic protrusion emanating from the plasma membrane which can be either apoptotic or nonapoptotic in nature. Blebs have been observed in a wide variety of cell types and in response to multiple mechanical and chemical stimuli. They have been linked to various physiological and pathological processes including tumor motility and invasion, as well as to various immunological disorders. They can form and retract extremely rapidly in seconds or minutes, or slowly over hours or days. This review focuses on recent evidence regarding the role of blebbing in cell locomotion with particular emphasis on its role in tumor metastasis, indicating the role of specific causative molecules. The phenomenon of blebbing has been observed in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells in response to brief exposure to extracellular alkaline pH, which leads to enhanced invasive capacity. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of cellular blebs could serve as a potential therapeutic option to control tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunus A. Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- *Yunus A. Luqmani, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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32
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Zorzetto M, Ferrari S, Saracino L, Inghilleri S, Stella GM. MET genetic lesions in non-small-cell lung cancer: pharmacological and clinical implications. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:194-207. [PMID: 25806181 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death for solid tumors worldwide with an annual mortality of over one million. Lung carcinoma includes a series of different diseases which are roughly divided into two groups based on clinical and histo-pathological features: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for almost 80% of lung cancer diagnosis and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) responsible for the remaining 20%. The NSCLC molecular profile has been deeply investigated; alterations in several oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and transcription factors have been detected, mainly in adenocarcinomas. Dissection of such a complex scenario represents a still open challenge for both researchers and clinicians. MET, the receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), has been recently identified as a novel promising target in several human malignancies, including NSCLC. Deregulation of the HGF/MET signaling pathway can occur via different mechanisms, including HGF and/or MET overexpression, MET gene amplification, mutations or rearrangements. While the role of MET mutations in NSCLC is not yet fully understood, MET amplification emerged as a critical event in driving cell survival, with preclinical data suggesting that MET-amplified cell lines are exquisitely sensitive to MET inhibition. True MET amplification, which has been associated with poor prognosis in different retrospective series, is a relatively uncommon event in NSCLC, occurring in 1-7% of unselected cases. Nevertheless, in highly selected cohorts of patients, such as those harboring somatic mutations of EGFR with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MET amplification can be observed in up to 20% of cases. Preclinical data suggested that a treatment approach including a combination of EGFR and MET tyrosine kinases could be an effective strategy in this setting and led to the clinical investigation of multiple MET inhibitors in combination with anti-EGFR agents. Results from ongoing and future trials will clarify the role of anti-MET molecules for the treatment of NSCLC and will provide insights into the most appropriate timing for their use. The present review recapitulates the current knowledge on the role of MET signaling in NSCLC mainly focusing on its implications in molecular diagnostic approach and on the novel targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zorzetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Simona Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Simona Inghilleri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
| | - Giulia M Stella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, - Section of Pneumology, Laboratory of Biochemistry & Genetics; University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia- Italy
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CXCL8, overexpressed in colorectal cancer, enhances the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to anoikis. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:22-32. [PMID: 25687885 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis is a form of apoptosis which occurs when anchorage-dependent cells either show loss of adhesion or inappropriate adhesion. Only a few cancer cells that detach from the primary site of the tumor acquire the ability to resist anoikis and form metastasis. The mechanism underlying the resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to anoikis remains unclear. Interleukin-8 (alternatively known as CXCL8) is associated with CRC angiogenesis and progression. Here, we found that a high abundance of CXCL8 or TOPK strongly correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival of 186 patients with CRC. A combination of high CXCL8 and high TOPK expressions had the worst prognosis. We showed that CXCL8 expression was negatively correlated with anoikis in CRC cells. CXCL8 treatment enhanced the resistance of CRC cells to apoptosis, which was accompanied by the increase of TOPK, and the activation of AKT and ERK. Moreover, we demonstrated that the inhibition of either ERK or AKT by specific chemical inhibitors attenuated the CXCL8-mediated resistance to anoikis. Treatment with AKT inhibitor abolished the effects of CXCL8 on TOPK expression, suggesting that TOPK was downstream of AKT in the process of anoikis. Taken together, we demonstrated that CXCL8 is strongly implicated in the resistance of CRC cells to anoikis, and that the AKT, TOPK and ERK pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Xi Y, Gao H, Callaghan MU, Fribley AM, Garshott DM, Xu ZX, Zeng Q, Li YL. Induction of BCL2-Interacting Killer, BIK, is Mediated for Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:327-32. [PMID: 25767602 PMCID: PMC4349872 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring diarylheptanoid curcumin (CUR), a principal component of the Asian spice turmeric, has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in many tumor types. However, a detailed mechanism regarding CUR induced tumor cell killing remain to be comprehensively explored. Using two head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines FaDu (hypopharyngeal) and Cal27 (tongue), we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which CUR levies the cytotoxic effect. We found that CUR induced upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bik, down-regulation of survival signaling by AKT and NF-κB prior to the induction of the caspase-cascade reduction of cell proliferation, are primary mechanisms of CUR-induced cell death, thus providing insights into the anti-tumor activity of CUR in HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- 1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 2. Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hang Gao
- 1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- 2. Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- 2. Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA ; 3. Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Danielle M Garshott
- 2. Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- 1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- 1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; 4. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- 1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Baldanzi G, Graziani A. Physiological Signaling and Structure of the HGF Receptor MET. Biomedicines 2014; 3:1-31. [PMID: 28536396 PMCID: PMC5344233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "hepatocyte growth factor" also known as "scatter factor", is a multifunctional cytokine with the peculiar ability of simultaneously triggering epithelial cell proliferation, movement and survival. The combination of those proprieties results in the induction of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in target cells, fundamental for embryogenesis but also exploited by tumor cells during metastatization. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, MET, is a proto-oncogene and a prototypical transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Inhere we discuss the MET molecular structure and the hepatocyte growth factor driven physiological signaling which coordinates epithelial proliferation, motility and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
Cumulative findings from many research groups have identified new signaling mechanisms associated with head and neck cancers. We summarize these findings, including discussion of aberrant NOTCH, PI3K, STAT3, immune recognition, oxidative pathway, and regulation of cell cycle and cell death. The genomic landscape of head and neck cancers has been shown to differ depending on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. We discuss studies examining the integration of HPV into genomic regions, as well as the epigenetic alterations that occur in response to HPV infection, and how these may help reveal new biomarker and treatment predictors. The characterization of premalignant lesions is also highlighted, as is evidence indicating that the surgical removal of these lesions is associated with better clinical outcomes. Current surgical methods are also discussed, including several less aggressive approaches such as minimal invasive robotic surgery. While much remains to be done in the fight against head and neck cancer, continued integration of basic research with new treatment options will likely lead to more effective therapeutic strategies directed against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Nisa L, Aebersold DM, Giger R, Zimmer Y, Medová M. Biological, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the MET receptor signaling in head and neck cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:337-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Imura Y, Yasui H, Outani H, Wakamatsu T, Hamada K, Nakai T, Yamada S, Myoui A, Araki N, Ueda T, Itoh K, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Combined targeting of mTOR and c-MET signaling pathways for effective management of epithelioid sarcoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:185. [PMID: 25098767 PMCID: PMC4249599 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelioid sarcoma (EpS) is a high-grade malignant soft-tissue sarcoma characterized by local recurrences and distant metastases. Effective treatments for EpS have not been established and thus novel therapeutic approaches against EpS are urgently required. mTOR inhibitors exert antitumor effects on several malignancies but AKT reactivation by mTOR inhibition attenuates the antitumor effects of mTOR inhibitors. This reactivation is receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent due to a release of negative feedback inhibition. We found that c-MET was the most highly activated RTK in two human EpS cell lines, Asra-EPS and VAESBJ. Here we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of mTOR and/or c-MET signaling pathways in EpS both in vitro and in vivo. Methods We first examined the effects of an mTOR inhibitor, RAD001 (everolimus), on cell proliferation, cell cycle, AKT/mTOR signaling, and xenograft tumor growth in EpS cell lines. Next, we determined whether RAD001-induced AKT reactivation was blocked by silencing of c-MET or treatment with a selective c-MET inhibitor, INC280. Finally, we evaluated the antitumor effects of RAD001 combined with INC280 on EpS cell lines compared with either single agent or control in vitro and in vivo. Results Constitutive AKT phosphorylation was observed in Asra-EPS and VAESBJ cells. RAD001 suppressed EpS cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest but enhanced AKT phosphorylation, which resulted in intrinsic resistance to mTOR inhibitors. In both EpS cell lines, RAD001-induced AKT phosphorylation was dependent on c-MET signaling. INC280 inhibited phosphorylation of c-MET and its downstream molecules, and decreased RAD001-induced phosphorylation of both AKT and ERK in EpS. Compared with a single agent or control, the combination of RAD001 and INC280 exerted superior antitumor effects on the growth of EpS cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Targeting of mTOR and c-MET signaling pathways significantly abrogates the growth of EpS in preclinical models and may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with EpS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-185) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Liu T, Li Q, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang R, Chen L, Wang W. MET inhibitor PHA-665752 suppresses the hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:49-54. [PMID: 24802404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (IR) has provided considerable improvements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), in subsets of patients, radioresistance is still a major problem in the treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that irradiation induced MET overexpression and activation, and the aberrant MET signal mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced radioresistance. We also found that MET inhibitor PHA-665752 effectively suppressed HGF induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in NPC cells. Further investigation indicated that PHA-665752 suppressed the phosphorylation of the Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Our data indicated that the combination of IR with a MET inhibitor, such as PHA-665752, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Pomerleau V, Landry M, Bernier J, Vachon PH, Saucier C. Met receptor-induced Grb2 or Shc signals both promote transformation of intestinal epithelial cells, albeit they are required for distinct oncogenic functions. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:240. [PMID: 24708867 PMCID: PMC4234027 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) contributes to the initiation and progression of intestinal-derived epithelial cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of the proximal signaling molecules engaged by RTKs in different oncogenic functions of CRC remain unclear. Methods Herein, the functional impact of expressing variant forms of the oncogenic Met receptor (Tpr-Met) that selectively recruit the adaptor proteins Grb2 or Shc was investigated in a model derived from normal intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). An RNA interference (RNAi) approach was used to define the requirement of Grb2 or Shc in Tpr-Met-transformed IEC-6 cells. Since Grb2 and Shc couple RTKs to the activation of the Ras/MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways, Erk and Akt phosphorylation/activation states were monitored in transformed IEC-6 cells, and a pharmacological approach was employed to provide insights into the roles of these pathways in oncogenic processes evoked by activated Met, and downstream of Grb2 and Shc. Results We show, for the first time, that constitutive activation of either Grb2 or Shc signals in IEC-6 cells, promotes morphological transformation associated with down-regulation of E-cadherin, as well as increased cell growth, loss of growth contact inhibition, anchorage-independent growth, and resistance to serum deprivation and anoikis. Oncogenic activation of Met was revealed to induce morphological transformation, E-cadherin down-regulation, and protection against anoikis by mechanisms dependent on Grb2, while Shc was shown to be partly required for enhanced cell growth. The coupling of activated Met to the Ras/MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways, and the sustained engagement of Grb2 or Shc in IECs, was shown to trigger negative feedback, limiting the extent of activation of these pathways. Nonetheless, morphological alterations and E-cadherin down-regulation induced by the oncogenic Tpr-Met, and by Grb2 or Shc signals, were blocked by MEK, but not PI3K, inhibitors while the enhanced growth and resistance to anoikis induced by Tpr-Met were nearly abolished by co-treatment with both inhibitors. Conclusion Overall, these results identify Grb2 and Shc as central signaling effectors of Met-driven progression of intestinal epithelial-derived cancers. Notably, they suggest that Grb2 may represent a promising target for the design of novel CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Saucier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada.
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Xu Y, Fisher GJ. Role of met axis in head and neck cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1601-18. [PMID: 24287743 PMCID: PMC3875956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide. Despite advances in aggressive multidisciplinary treatments, the 5-year survival rate for this dreadful disease is only 50%, mostly due to high rate of recurrence and early involvement of regional lymph nodes and subsequent metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for invasion and metastasis is one of the most pressing goals in the field of head and neck cancer. Met, also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), is a member of the receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RPTK) family. There is compelling evidence that Met axis is dysregulated and plays important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance in head and neck cancer. We describe in this review current understanding of Met axis in head and neck cancer biology and development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting Met axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Xu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.X.); (G.J.F.); Tel.: +1-734-763-1469 (G.J.F.); Fax: +1-734-647-0076 (G.J.F.)
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.X.); (G.J.F.); Tel.: +1-734-763-1469 (G.J.F.); Fax: +1-734-647-0076 (G.J.F.)
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Hou L, Zhao MM, Sun BM, Xing HJ. Expression of c-Met protein in gastrointestinal tumors: Recent research progress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3230-3235. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i30.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between HGF/c-Met and many human cancers. The activation and overexpression of HGF/c-Met can cause the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and digestive system tumors. Since c-Met plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors, targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway has become a hotspot for anti-cancer research. Currently, there have been many reports about c-Met expression in digestive tumors. In this paper we try to elaborate the latest progress in research related to c-Met expression in digestive tumors, with an aim to help clinicians gain a systematic understanding of this issue.
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Wallace GC, Dixon-Mah YN, Vandergrift WA, Ray SK, Haar CP, Mittendorf AM, Patel SJ, Banik NL, Giglio P, Das A. Targeting oncogenic ALK and MET: a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:355-66. [PMID: 23543207 PMCID: PMC4314306 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common aggressive, highly glycolytic, and lethal brain tumor. In fact, it is among the most commonly diagnosed lethal malignancies, with thousands of new cases reported in the United States each year. Glioblastoma's lethality is derived from a number of factors including highly active pro-mitotic and pro-metastatic pathways. Two factors increasingly associated with the intracellular signaling and transcriptional machinery required for such changes are anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR or, more commonly MET). Both receptors are members of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which has itself gained much attention for its role in modulating mitosis, migration, and survival in cancer cells. ALK was first described as a vital oncogene in lymphoma studies, but it has since been connected to many carcinomas, including non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma. As the receptor for HGF, MET has also been highly characterized and regulates numerous developmental and wound healing events which, when upregulated in cancer, can promote tumor progression. The wealth of information gathered over the last 30 years regarding these RTKs suggests three downstream cascades that depend upon activation of STAT3, Ras, and AKT. This review outlines the significance of ALK and MET as they relate to glioblastoma, explores the significance of STAT3, Ras, and AKT downstream of ALK/MET, and touches on the potential for new chemotherapeutics targeting ALK and MET to improve glioblastoma patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Wallace
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yaenette N Dixon-Mah
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - W Alex Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Catherine P Haar
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amber M Mittendorf
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sunil J Patel
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence should be direction to Arabinda Das, Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425; Arabinda Das ()
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Tan K, Goldstein D, Crowe P, Yang JL. Uncovering a key to the process of metastasis in human cancers: a review of critical regulators of anoikis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1795-805. [PMID: 23912151 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anoikis ('homelessness' in Greek) is a form of apoptosis following the detachment of cells from the appropriate extracellular matrix (Chiarugi and Giannoni in Biochem Pharmacol 76:1352-1364, 2008). Resistance to anoikis is a critical mediator of metastasis in cancer by enabling cancer cells to survive during invasion and transport in the blood and lymph. Numerous regulators and mechanisms of anoikis in human cancer have been proposed to date. Consequently, the identification of key regulators of anoikis that can be targeted to at least partially restore anoikis sensitivity in cancer cells is important in the development of therapies to treat metastatic cancer. METHODS A literature search focusing on the regulators of anoikis in human cancer was performed on the Medline, Embase and Scopus databases. RESULTS Mcl-1, Cav-1, Bcl-(xL), cFLIP, 14-3-3ζ and Bit1 appear to regulate anoikis in human cancer by participating in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, extrinsic apoptotic pathway or caspase-independent pathways. Mcl-1, Cav-1, Bcl-(xL), cFLIP and 14-3-3ζ are suppressors of anoikis, and their upregulation confers anoikis resistance to cancer cells. Bit1 is a promoter of anoikis and is downregulated to confer anoikis resistance in metastatic cancer. CONCLUSION Anoikis is a complex process involving the crosstalk between different signalling pathways. The dysregulated expression of key regulators of anoikis that participate in these signalling pathways promotes anoikis resistance in human cancer. These regulators of anoikis might therefore be the targets for developing therapies to overcome anoikis resistance in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tan
- Adult Cancer Program, Sarcoma and Nano-Oncology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Room 209, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Receptor-type Protein tyrosine phosphatase β regulates met phosphorylation and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1015-22. [PMID: 23226095 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer and has a high rate of mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that hepatocyte growth factor receptor (or Met) pathway plays a pivotal role in HNSCC metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Met function is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation that is under direct control by receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTP-β). We report here that RPTP-β expression is significantly downregulated in HNSCC cells derived from metastatic tumors compared to subject-matched cells from primary tumors. Knockdown of endogenous RPTP-β in HNSCC cells from primary tumor potentiated Met tyrosine phosphorylation, downstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway activation, cell migration, and invasion. Conversely, restoration of RPTP-β expression in cells from matched metastatic tumor decreased Met tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream functions. Furthermore, we observed that six of eight HNSCC tumors had reduced levels of RPTP-β protein in comparison with normal oral tissues. Collectively, the results demonstrate the importance of RPTP-β in tumor biology of HNSCC through direct dephosphorylation of Met and regulation of downstream signal transduction pathways. Reduced RPTP-β levels, with or without Met overexpression, could promote Met activation in HNSCC tumors.
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Met-induced membrane blebbing leads to amoeboid cell motility and invasion. Oncogene 2013; 33:1788-98. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ding X, Pan H, Li J, Zhong Q, Chen X, Dry SM, Wang CY. Epigenetic activation of AP1 promotes squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra28.1-13, S0-15. [PMID: 23633675 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor AP1 (activating protein 1), a heterodimer of the JUN and FOS proteins, promotes the invasive growth and metastasis of various tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), breast cancer, and melanoma. AP1 activity is transcriptionally induced through a positive feedback loop. We identified the histone demethylase KDM4A (lysine-specific demethylase 4A) as a key epigenetic priming factor in this positive feedback loop. KDM4A contributed to the induction of genes encoding the AP1 transcription factors and the invasive growth and metastasis of SCC. KDM4A knockdown decreased the growth factor-induced messenger RNA expression and protein abundance of AP1 family members, including JUN and FOSL1. Mechanistically, histone demethylation by KDM4A facilitated the binding of the AP1 complex to the promoters of JUN and FOSL1, thereby promoting the positive feedback loop that maintains activation of AP1. In a mouse model of SCC, KDM4A knockdown inhibited lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the abundance of KDM4A correlated with the abundance of JUN and FOSL1 in human SCC tissues, and KDM4A expression was increased in human lymph node metastases. Our studies provide insights into the epigenetic control of AP1 and tumor invasion and suggest that KDM4A could be an important therapeutic target for inhibiting invasive SCC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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The role of endosomal signaling triggered by metastatic growth factors in tumor progression. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1539-45. [PMID: 23571269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Within tumor microenvironment, a lot of growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor may induce similar signal cascade downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and trigger tumor metastasis synergistically. In the past decades, the intimate relationship of RTK-mediated receptor endocytosis with signal transduction was well established. In general, most RTK undergoes clathrin-dependent endocytosis and/or clathrin-independent endocytosis. The internalized receptors may sustain the signaling within early endosome, recycling to plasma membrane for subsequent ligand engagement or sorting to late endosomes/lysosome for receptor degradation. Moreover, receptor endocytosis influences signal transduction in a temporal and spatial manner for periodical and polarized cellular processes such as cell migration. The endosomal signalings triggered by various metastatic factors are quite similar in some critical points, which are essential for triggering cell migration and tumor progression. There are common regulators for receptor endocytosis including dynamin, Rab4, Rab5, Rab11 and Cbl. Moreover, many critical regulators within the RTK signal pathway such as Grb2, p38, PKC and Src were also modulators of endocytosis. In the future, these may constitute a new category of targets for prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Tumour-microenvironment interactions: role of tumour stroma and proteins produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts in chemotherapy response. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 36:95-112. [PMID: 23494412 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic chemotherapy improves survival for some, but not all, cancer patients. Non-responders may experience unnecessary toxicity and cancer progression, thus creating an urgent need for biomarkers that can predict the response to chemotherapy. So far, the search for such biomarkers has primarily been focused on the cancer cells and less on their surrounding stroma. This stroma is known to act as a key regulator of tumour progression and, in addition, has been associated with drug delivery and drug efficacy. Fibroblasts represent the major cell type in cancer-associated stroma and they secrete extracellular matrix proteins as well as growth factors. This Medline-based literature review summarises the results from studies on epithelial cancers and aimed at investigating relationships between the quantity and quality of the intra-tumoral stroma, the cancer-associated fibroblasts, the proteins they produce and the concomitant response to chemotherapy. Biomarkers were selected for review that are known to affect cancer-related characteristics and patient prognosis. RESULTS The current literature supports the hypothesis that biomarkers derived from the tumour stroma may be useful to predict response to chemotherapy. This notion appears to be related to the overall quantity and cellularity of the intra-tumoural stroma and the predominant constituents of the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence is emerging showing that tumour-stroma interactions may not only affect tumour progression and patient prognosis, but also the response to chemotherapy. The tumour stroma-derived biomarkers that appear to be most appropriate to determine the patient's response to chemotherapy vary by tumour origin and the availability of pre-treatment tissue. For patients scheduled for adjuvant chemotherapy, the most promising biomarker appears to be the PLAU: SERPINE complex, whereas for patients scheduled for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy the tumour stroma quantity appears to be most relevant.
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Scagliotti GV, Novello S, von Pawel J. The emerging role of MET/HGF inhibitors in oncology. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:793-801. [PMID: 23453860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The N-methyl-N'-nitroso-guanidine human osteosarcoma transforming gene (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) control cellular signaling cascades that direct cell growth, proliferation, survival, and motility. Aberrant MET/HGF activation has been observed in many tumor types, can occur by multiple mechanisms, and promotes cellular proliferation and metastasis via growth factor receptors and other oncogenic receptor pathways. Thus, MET/HGF inhibition has emerged as targeted anticancer therapies. Preclinically, neoplastic and metastatic phenotypes of several tumor cells, including non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, were abrogated by MET inhibition. Ongoing clinical development with tivantinib, cabozantinib, onartuzumab, crizotinib, rilotumumab, and ficlatuzumab has shown encouraging results. These trials have established a key role for MET in a variety of tumor types. Evidence is emerging for identification of aberrant MET activity biomarkers and selection of patient subpopulations that may benefit from targeted MET and HGF inhibitor treatment.
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