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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Przygoda M, Dynarowicz K, Tomik J, Aebisher D. PDT-Induced Activation Enhanced by Hormone Response to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13917. [PMID: 37762219 PMCID: PMC10531063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment with the use of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, when activated by light, results in selective tissue damage with a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. PDT leads to the induction of an acute-phase response, which results in the involvement of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. PDT, by activating the hormonal response, affects the treatment of cancer. GC release is observed due to adrenal activity, which is driven by changes in the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis triggered by stress signals emanating from the PDT treated tumor. The hormones released in this process in the context of the PDT-induced acute-phase response perform many important functions during anticancer therapy. They lead, among other things, to the systemic mobilization of neutrophils and the production of acute-phase reagents, and also control the production of immunoregulatory proteins and proteins that modulate inflammation. GCs can radically affect the activity of various inflammatory and immune cells, including the apoptosis of cancer cells. A better understanding of the modulation of GC activity could improve the outcomes of cancer patients treated with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Maria Przygoda
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Tomik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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2
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Photodynamic therapy induced cell cycle arrest and cancer cell synchronization: review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225694. [PMID: 37503319 PMCID: PMC10369002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest (CCA) is seen as a prime candidate for effective cancer therapy. This mechanism can help researchers to create new treatments to target cancer cells at particular stages of the cell cycle (CC). The CCA is a characteristic of various therapeutic modalities, including radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), which synchronizes the cells and facilitates the standardization of radio-chemotherapy protocols. Although it was discovered that photodynamic treatment (PDT) had a biological effect on CCA in cancer cells, the mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, besides conventional forms of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, various unconventional types of cell death including pyroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos after PDT have been reported. Thus, a variety of elements, such as oxygen, the tumor's microenvironment, the characteristics of light, and photosensitizer (PS), influence the effectiveness of the PDT treatment, which have not yet been studied clearly. This review focuses on CCA induced by PDT for a variety of PSs agents on various cell lines. The CCA by PDT can be viewed as a remarkable effect and instructive for the management of the PDT protocol. Regarding the relationship between the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its biological consequences, we have proposed two mathematical models in PDT. Finally, we have gathered recent in vitro and in vivo studies about CCA post-PDT at various stages and made suggestions about how it can standardize, potentiate, and customize the PDT methodology.
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PUMA overexpression dissociates thioredoxin from ASK1 to activate the JNK/BCL-2/BCL-XL pathway augmenting apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166553. [PMID: 36122664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ASK1-JNK signaling promotes mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis, but the bridge between JNK and apoptosis is not fully understood. PUMA induces apoptosis through BAX/BAK. Our previous study suggests a therapeutic potential of PUMA for ovarian cancer. However, whether and how PUMA activates ASK1 remains unclear. Here, we found for the first time that PUMA activated ASK1 by dissociating thioredoxin (TRX) from ASK1, however, it neither interacted with ASK1 nor TRX. Furthermore, PUMA overexpression caused ROS release from mitochondrial. H2O2 significantly impaired the interaction of ASK1 with TRX, whereas ROS scavenger NAC effectively abrogated the H2O2 effect, partly rescued PUMA-interfered interaction of ASK1 with TRX, and also abolished ASK1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, PUMA could not impair the association of ASK1 with TRX-C32S or TRX-C35S, two TRX mutants which are no longer oxidized in response to ROS. We further showed that PUMA activated ASK1-JNK axis to phosphorylate BCL-2 and BCL-XL, further augmenting apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, PUMA adenovirus combined with paclitaxel significantly inhibited intrinsically cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer growth, and caused phosphorylation of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Our results from human ovarian cancer TMA chips also revealed a positive correlation between PUMA expression and the phosphorylation of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. More importantly, all patients had no distal metastasis, implying a possibly clinical significance. Collectively, our results reveal a new pro-apoptotic signal amplification mechanism for PUMA by which PUMA overexpression first induces ROS-mediated dissociation of TRX from ASK1, and then causes JNK activation-triggering BCL-2/BCL-XL phosphorylation, ultimately augmenting apoptosis in ovarian cancer.
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Mishchenko T, Balalaeva I, Gorokhova A, Vedunova M, Krysko DV. Which cell death modality wins the contest for photodynamic therapy of cancer? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:455. [PMID: 35562364 PMCID: PMC9106666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many protocols and agents for PDT have been proposed for the treatment of several types of cancer. Traditionally, cell death induced by PDT was categorized into three types: apoptosis, cell death associated with autophagy, and necrosis. However, with the discovery of several other regulated cell death modalities in recent years, it has become clear that this is a rather simple understanding of the mechanisms of action of PDT. New observations revealed that cancer cells exposed to PDT can pass through various non-conventional cell death pathways, such as paraptosis, parthanatos, mitotic catastrophe, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Nowadays, immunogenic cell death (ICD) has become one of the most promising ways to eradicate tumor cells by activation of the T-cell adaptive immune response and induction of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anti-cancer treatment methods, including PDT. In this review, we critically discuss recent findings on the non-conventional cell death mechanisms triggered by PDT. Next, we emphasize the role and contribution of ICD in these PDT-induced non-conventional cell death modalities. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and propose several areas of research that will help to overcome these challenges and lead to the development of highly effective anti-cancer therapy based on PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mishchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Balalaeva
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Gorokhova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vedunova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Xu X, Duan S, Hua X, Li Z, He R, Zhaang Z. Stable inheritance of H3.3-containing nucleosomes during mitotic cell divisions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2514. [PMID: 35523900 PMCID: PMC9076889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3 histones are assembled into nucleosomes by different histone chaperones in replication-coupled and replication-independent pathways, respectively. However, it is not clear how parental H3.3 molecules are transferred following DNA replication, especially when compared to H3.1. Here, by monitoring parental H3.1- and H3.3-SNAP signals, we show that parental H3.3, like H3.1, are stably transferred into daughter cells. Moreover, Mcm2-Pola1 and Pole3-Pole4, two pathways involved in parental histone transfer based upon the analysis of modifications on parental histones, participate in the transfer of both H3.1 and H3.3 following DNA replication. Lastly, we found that Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4 mutants defective in parental histone transfer show defects in chromosome segregation. These results indicate that in contrast to deposition of newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3, transfer of parental H3.1 and H3.3 is mediated by these shared mechanisms, which contributes to epigenetic memory of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. How nucleosome assembly of parental histones is regulated following DNA replication is still an open question. Here the authors show that unlike deposition of new histones H3.1 and H3.3 that utilizes different histone chaperones, parental H3.1 and H3.3 are both stably inherited during mitotic cell division in mouse embryonic stem cells, and this involves histone chaperones Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu Hua
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiming Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard He
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhaang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Hu P, Sun M, Lu F, Wang S, Hou L, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yao J, Yang F, Wang C, Ma Z. Polymerized vorinostat mediated photodynamic therapy using lysosomal spatiotemporal synchronized drug release complex. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111903. [PMID: 34144323 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACis) could potentiate single-mode anti-tumor activity of HDACis or PDT to inhibit tumor relapse and metastasis. However, poor solubility and heterogeneity in cellular uptake and tissue distribution hamper the dual mode antitumor effect. For a controlled drug release of photosensitizers and HDACis in cytoplasm, photosensitizer pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) encapsulated in polymer polyethylene glycol-b-poly (asparaginyl-vorinostat) (simplified as Pyro@FPPS) are fabricated to achieve their lysosomal spatiotemporal synchronized release. With HDACis modeling PDT in vitro and in vivo, it seems that polymerized Vorinostat encapsulated photosensitizers significantly inhibited the tumor proliferation and metastasis by spatiotemporal synchronized drugs release, and Pyro@FPPS reported here reveals a promising prospect to exert drugs' synergistic effect in a spatiotemporal synchronized manner and can be an effective strategy to inhibit tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), School of Science, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Tsubone TM, Martins WK, Franco MSF, Silva MN, Itri R, Baptista MS. Cellular compartments challenged by membrane photo-oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108665. [PMID: 33159891 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lipid composition impacts directly on the structure and function of the cytoplasmic as well as organelle membranes. Depending on the type of membrane, specific lipids are required to accommodate, intercalate, or pack membrane proteins to the proper functioning of the cells/organelles. Rather than being only a physical barrier that separates the inner from the outer spaces, membranes are responsible for many biochemical events such as cell-to-cell communication, protein-lipid interaction, intracellular signaling, and energy storage. Photochemical reactions occur naturally in many biological membranes and are responsible for diverse processes such as photosynthesis and vision/phototaxis. However, excessive exposure to light in the presence of absorbing molecules produces excited states and other oxidant species that may cause cell aging/death, mutations and innumerable diseases including cancer. At the same time, targeting key compartments of diseased cells with light can be a promising strategy to treat many diseases in a clinical procedure called Photodynamic Therapy. Here we analyze the relationships between membrane alterations induced by photo-oxidation and the biochemical responses in mammalian cells. We specifically address the impact of photosensitization reactions in membranes of different organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane, and the subsequent responses of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcia S F Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Itri
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dingiswayo S, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. A comparative study of the photophysicochemical and photodynamic activity properties of meso-4-methylthiophenyl functionalized Sn(IV) tetraarylporphyrins and triarylcorroles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tin(IV) complexes of a 4-methylthiophenyl functionalized porphyrin (1-Sn) and its corrole analogue (2-Sn) were synthesized so that their photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells could be compared. Singlet oxygen luminescence studies revealed that 1-Sn and 2-Sn have comparable [Formula: see text] values in DMF of 0.59 and 0.60, respectively, while the IC[Formula: see text] values after irradiation of MCF-7 cells for 30 min with a Thorlabs 625 nm LED (432 J · cm[Formula: see text] were determined to be 12.4 and 8.9 [Formula: see text]M. The results demonstrate that the cellular uptake of 2-Sn and its molar absorptivity at the irradiation wavelength play a crucial role during in vitro cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somila Dingiswayo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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9
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Wu R, Yow C, Law E, Chu E, Huang Z. Effect of Foslip® mediated photodynamic therapy on 5-fluorouracil resistant human colorectal cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101945. [PMID: 32768589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the commonest cancer in Hong Kong and is often treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However the clinical application of 5-FU was limited by drug resistance in CRC. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel treatment combating CRC via the combination of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light activation. In this study, 5-FU resistant HT29 (HT29FU) was established and its susceptibility to Foslip® PDT tested. Effect of 5-FU to HT29 cells was measured via qPCR. Efficacy of Foslip® PDT on HT29 and HT29FU cells were measured via photosensitizer uptake, cellular localization, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and signal proteins expression. 5-FU significantly induced ABCB1 mRNA expression in HT29 cells; whereas with a 24 fold increase in HT29FU cells. Both cells responded similarly to Foslip® PDT, with the inhibitory concentration IC20, IC50 and IC70 achieved at 1 ng/mL, 2 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL with 2 J/cm2 light activation respectively. Foslip® PDT triggered apoptosis and reduced JNK protein expression at IC70 on both cells. Effect of Foslip® PDT on HT29 cells was independent to 5-FU resistance properties. Therefore, Foslip® PDT could be a potential treatment for 5-FU resistant cancer patients. Further investigations on the Foslip® PDT mediated molecular changes in HT29FU cells deserve to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwk Wu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cmn Yow
- Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Law
- Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Esm Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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Shi L, Pohla H, Buchner A, Zhang L, Pongratz T, Rühm A, Zimmermann W, Gederaas OA, Wang X, Stepp H, Sroka R. MOP-dependent enhancement of methadone on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for A172 cells by upregulating phosphorylated JNK and BCL2. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101657. [PMID: 31945545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methadone, as a long-acting opioid analgesic, shows an ability to sensitize the treatment of ALA-PDT for glioblastoma cells (A172) in vitro by promoting apoptosis. However, the mechanisms how methadone enhances the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for tumor cells remains to be clarified. METHODS The expression of mu opioid receptor (MOP), apoptosis, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated apoptosis regulator B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) were measured by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). A MOP antagonist, naloxone, was used to evaluate the role of MOP in the above process. RESULTS It was found that A172 cells show the expression of MOP and that naloxone inhibits the enhancement of the methadone effect on apoptosis following ALA-PDT (p < 0.05). Phosphorylated JNK and BCL2 induced by ALA-PDT were promoted in the presence of methadone (p < 0.05). These methadone effects were also inhibited by naloxone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT is enhanced by methadone, mostly MOP-mediated, through the upregulation of accumulation of phosphorylated JNK and BCL2, leading to a promotion of cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT for A172 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Heike Pohla
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Thomas Pongratz
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Odrun Arna Gederaas
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Ma Z, Hu P, Guo C, Wang D, Zhang X, Chen M, Wang Q, Sun M, Zeng P, Lu F, Sun L, She L, Zhang H, Yao J, Yang F. Folate-mediated and pH-responsive chidamide-bound micelles encapsulating photosensitizers for tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5527-5540. [PMID: 31413561 PMCID: PMC6661377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonspecific tumor targeting, potential relapse and metastasis of tumor after treatment are the main barriers in clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer, hence, inhibiting relapse and metastasis of tumor is significant issues in clinic. Purpose: In this work, chidamide as a histone deacetylases inhibitor (HADCi) was bound onto a pH-responsive block polymer folate polyethylene glycol-b-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-b-PAsp) grafted folate (FA-PEG-b-PAsp) to obtain the block polymer folate polyethylene glycol-b-poly(asparaginyl-chidamide) (FA-PEG-b-PAsp-chidamide, FPPC) as multimodal tumor-targeting drug-delivery carrier to inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and tumor metastasis in mice. Methods: Model photosensitizer pyropheophorbide-a (Pha) was encapsulated by FPPC in PBS to form the polymer micelles Pha@FPPC [folate polyethylene glycol-b-poly(asparaginyl-chidamide) micelles encapsulating Pha]. Pha@FPPC was characterized by transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering; also, antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro were investigated by determination of cellular ROS level, detection of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, PDT antitumor activity in vivo and histological analysis. Results: With favorable and stable sphere morphology under transmission electron microscope (TEM) (~93.0 nm), Pha@FPPC greatly enhanced the cellular uptake due to its folate-mediated effective endocytosis by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells and the yield of ROS in tumor cells induced by PDT, and mainly caused necrocytosis and blocked cell growth cycle not only in G2 phase but also in G1/G0 phase after PDT. Pha@FPPC exhibited lower dark cytotoxicity in vitro and a better therapeutic index because of its higher dark cytotoxicity/photocytotoxicity ratio. Moreover, Pha@FPPC not only significantly inhibited the growth of implanted tumor and prolonged the survival time of melanoma-bearing mice due to both its folate-mediated tumor-targeting and selectively accumulation at tumor site by EPR (enhanced permeability and retention)effect as micelle nanoparticles but also remarkably prevented pulmonary metastasis of mice melanoma after PDT compared to free Pha, demonstrating its dual antitumor characteristics of PDT and HDACi. Conclusion: As a folate-mediated and acid-activated chidamide-grafted drug-delivery carrier, FPPC may have great potential to inhibit tumor metastasis in clinical photodynamic treatment for cancer because of its effective and multimodal tumor-targeting performance as photosensitizer vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan She
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hyun DH. Plasma membrane redox enzymes: new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:436-445. [PMID: 30919268 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress appears at early stages of aging and age-related diseases. Plasma membrane redox enzymes act in a compensatory manner to decrease oxidative stress and supply reductive capacity to ensure cell survival. Plasma membrane redox enzymes transfer electrons from NAD(P)H to oxidized ubiquinone and α-tocopherol, resulting in inhibition of further oxidative damage. Plasma membrane redox enzymes and their partners are affected by aging, leading to progression of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Up-regulating plasma membrane redox enzymes via calorie restriction and phytochemicals make cells more resistant to oxidative damage under stress conditions by maintaining redox homeostasis and improving mitochondrial function. Investigation into plasma membrane redox enzymes can provide mechanistic details underlying the relationships between plasma membrane redox enzymes and mitochondrial complexes and provide a good therapeutic target for prevention and delay of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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13
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Yu W, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Fang W, Xia K, Shao J, Wu M, Liu B, Liang C, Ye C, Tao H. A review and outlook in the treatment of osteosarcoma and other deep tumors with photodynamic therapy: from basic to deep. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39833-39848. [PMID: 28418855 PMCID: PMC5503657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, one of the most promising minimally invasive treatments, has received increasing focus in tumor therapy research, which has been widely applied in treating superficial tumors. Three basic factors - photosensitizer, the light source, and oxidative stress - are responsible for tumor cell cytotoxicity. However, due to insufficient luminous flux and peripheral tissue damage, the utilization of photodynamic therapy is facing a huge limitation in deep tumor therapy. Osteosarcoma is the typical deep tumor, which is the most commonly occurring malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite developments in surgery, high risks of the amputation still threatens the health of osteosarcoma patients. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field of photodynamic therapy and specifically PDT research in OS treatment modalities. In addition, we also provide some novel suggestions, which could potentially be a breakthrough in PDT-induced OS therapies. PDT has the potential to become an effective therapy while the its limitations still present when applied on the treatment of OS or other types of deep tumors. Thus, more researches and studies in the field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weijing Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minzu Wu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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14
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Yu W, Ye M, Zhu J, Wang Y, Liang C, Tang J, Tao H, Shen Y. Zinc phthalocyanine encapsulated in polymer micelles as a potent photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of osteosarcoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1099-1110. [PMID: 29462663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is a highly potent second-generation photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) with attractive photo-physical and photo-chemical properties. However, poor solubility and strong trend of crystallization prevent it from loading in most of drug delivery systems and hamper its further application. Herein, to overcome this problem, an amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly[2-(methylacryloyl)ethylnicotinate] (PEG-PMAN) with aromatic nicotinate is used to load ZnPc for their π-π interactions. The formed PEG-PMAN/ZnPc nanoparticle (PPZ) dramatically increases reactive oxygen species production in osteosarcoma cells after light irradiation, causes mitochondrial injury and promotes cell cycle arrest at G2/M, leading to a 100-fold cytotoxicity improvement comparing with free ZnPc. The excellent therapeutic effectiveness and safety of PPZ are also proved by in vivo experiments operating on osteosarcoma model. The finding above indicates that PPZ has promising clinical applications as a next-generation photosensitizer in PDT of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhou Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Pereira NAM, Laranjo M, Pina J, Oliveira ASR, Ferreira JD, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Casalta-Lopes J, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Piñeiro M, Seixas de Melo JS, Botelho MF, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Advances on photodynamic therapy of melanoma through novel ring-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:395-408. [PMID: 29407966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical behaviour and photosensitization ability of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins against melanoma cells are described. All studied chlorins were found to be extremely active against melanoma cell lines A375 showing IC50 values below 20 nM. Furthermore, a dihydroxymethyl diphenylchlorin was identified as an excellent candidate to allow modulating of different types of cell death, apoptosis vs. necrosis, by varying its concentration. This can be explored as a tool to improve the effectiveness of PDT since inflammatory response resulting from necrotic cell death after PDT can activate the antitumor immune response with implications also regarding the vascular damage. This feature combined with very low cytotoxicity against human melanoma cells in the absence of light activation and against human fibroblast HFF-1 cells makes this chlorin a candidate of choice as a photosensitizer for PDT. A comprehensive photophysical investigation including the determination of quantum yields for fluorescence, singlet oxygen sensitization and internal conversion, lifetimes and rate constants of all the excited state deactivation processes has been undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A M Pereira
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia S R Oliveira
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Dias Ferreira
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-993 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Meng Z, Hou W, Zhou H, Zhou L, Chen H, Wu C. Therapeutic Considerations and Conjugated Polymer-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29251383 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have recently attracted a great deal of attention for applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their light-harvesting capability, efficient energy transfer, and singlet oxygen generation properties. This review describes recent advances in PDT development, including therapeutic mechanisms of PDT in cancer treatments, light excitation methods, and especially recent advances of conjugated polyelectrolytes and conjugated polymer nanoparticles as photosensitizers. The future direction on PDT and further development of conjugated polymer photosensitizers are discussed. The aim of this review is to stimulate innovative ideas to synthesize a new generation of conjugated polymer photosensitizers and promote their translation to clinical applications of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Weiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Haobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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17
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BCL-2 family proteins: changing partners in the dance towards death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:65-80. [PMID: 29149100 PMCID: PMC5729540 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 family of proteins controls cell death primarily by direct binding interactions that regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) leading to the irreversible release of intermembrane space proteins, subsequent caspase activation and apoptosis. The affinities and relative abundance of the BCL-2 family proteins dictate the predominate interactions between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins that regulate MOMP. We highlight the core mechanisms of BCL-2 family regulation of MOMP with an emphasis on how the interactions between the BCL-2 family proteins govern cell fate. We address the critical importance of both the concentration and affinities of BCL-2 family proteins and show how differences in either can greatly change the outcome. Further, we explain the importance of using full-length BCL-2 family proteins (versus truncated versions or peptides) to parse out the core mechanisms of MOMP regulation by the BCL-2 family. Finally, we discuss how post-translational modifications and differing intracellular localizations alter the mechanisms of apoptosis regulation by BCL-2 family proteins. Successful therapeutic intervention of MOMP regulation in human disease requires an understanding of the factors that mediate the major binding interactions between BCL-2 family proteins in cells.
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18
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Kalen AL, Ahmad IM, Abdalla MY, O'Malley YQ, Goswami PC, Sarsour EH. MnSOD and Cyclin B1 Coordinate a Mito-Checkpoint during Cell Cycle Response to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E92. [PMID: 29149089 PMCID: PMC5745502 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the nucleus and mitochondrion could coordinate many cellular processes. While the mechanisms regulating this communication are not completely understood, we hypothesize that cell cycle checkpoint proteins coordinate the cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial functions following oxidative stress. Human normal skin fibroblasts, representative of the G₂-phase, were irradiated with 6 Gy of ionizing radiation and assayed for cyclin B1 translocation, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cytotoxicity. In un-irradiated controls, cyclin B1 was found primarily in the nucleus of G₂-cells. However, following irradiation, cyclin B1 was excluded from the nucleus and translocated to the cytoplasm and mitochondria. These observations were confirmed further by performing transmission electron microscopy and cell fractionation assays. Cyclin B1 was absent in mitochondria isolated from un-irradiated G₂-cells and present in irradiated G₂-cells. Radiation-induced translocation of cyclin B1 from the nucleus to the mitochondrion preceded changes in the activities of mitochondrial proteins, that included decreases in the activities of aconitase and the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and increases in complex II activity. Changes in the activities of mito-proteins were followed by an increase in dihydroethidium (DHE) oxidation (indicative of increased superoxide levels) and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, events that preceded the restart of the stalled cell cycle and subsequently the loss in cell viability. Comparable results were also observed in un-irradiated control cells overexpressing mitochondria-targeted cyclin B1. These results indicate that MnSOD and cyclin B1 coordinate a cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial functions, to regulate a mito-checkpoint during the cell cycle response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Kalen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yunxia Q O'Malley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ehab H Sarsour
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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19
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Olsen CE, Weyergang A, Edwards VT, Berg K, Brech A, Weisheit S, Høgset A, Selbo PK. Development of resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human breast cancer cells is photosensitizer-dependent: Possible mechanisms and approaches for overcoming PDT-resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Photodynamic therapy with TMPyP – Porphyrine induces mitotic catastrophe and microtubule disorganization in HeLa and G361 cells, a comprehensive view of the action of the photosensitizer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:522-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Tu SH, Chiou YS, Kalyanam N, Ho CT, Chen LC, Pan MH. Garcinol sensitizes breast cancer cells to Taxol through the suppression of caspase-3/iPLA 2 and NF-κB/Twist1 signaling pathways in a mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. Food Funct 2017; 8:1067-1079. [PMID: 28145547 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant threat to women's health and has high incidence and mortality. Metastasis in breast cancer patients is a major cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Clinical experience suggests that patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relapse quickly and often have chemotherapy resistance. Taxol (paclitaxel) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating metastatic breast cancer, but Taxol at high doses can cause adverse effects and recurrent resistance. Thus, the selection of a synergistic combination therapy is recommended, which is safer and has a more significant response rate than monotherapy. In this study, our strategy is to combine a low dose of Taxol (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) and garcinol (1 mg kg-1, i.g.) to investigate the synergistic antitumor and anti-metastasis effects and to determine the underlying mechanisms of these effects in vivo. For the in vivo study, metastasis-specific mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells were inoculated in Balb/c mice to establish an orthotopic primary tumor and spontaneous metastasis model. Tumor growth and metastases were monitored. The mechanisms of synergistic efficacies were evaluated at different signaling pathways, including proliferation, survival, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-regulated metastatic propensity. We demonstrated that garcinol combined with Taxol significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy when compared with either treatment alone. The synergistic antitumor and anti-metastasis effects were enhanced primarily through the induction of Taxol-stimulated G2/M phase arrest and the inhibition of caspase-3/cytosolic Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) drive downstream events including tumor cell repopulation, survival, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and EMT. Our current findings provide the first experimental evidence that a combination of a low dose of Taxol and garcinol is a promising therapeutic strategy for controlling advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Finally, our results also point to the possible role of NF-κB/Twist1 and caspase-3/iPLA2 signaling pathways as biomarkers to predict the tumor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan and Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan and TMU Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Cancer Translational Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan and Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cai J, Li B, Zhu Y, Fang X, Zhu M, Wang M, Liu S, Jiang X, Zheng J, Zhang X, Chen P. Prognostic Biomarker Identification Through Integrating the Gene Signatures of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Properties. EBioMedicine 2017; 19:18-30. [PMID: 28434945 PMCID: PMC5440601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many molecular classification and prognostic gene signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have been established based on genome-wide gene expression profiling; however, their generalizability is unclear. Herein, we systematically assessed the prognostic effects of these gene signatures and identified valuable prognostic biomarkers by integrating these gene signatures. With two independent HCC datasets (GSE14520, N = 242 and GSE54236, N = 78), 30 published gene signatures were evaluated, and 11 were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of postoperative HCC patients in both datasets. The random survival forest models suggested that the gene signatures were superior to clinical characteristics for predicting the prognosis of the patients. Based on the 11 gene signatures, a functional protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with 1406 nodes and 10,135 edges was established. With tissue microarrays of HCC patients (N = 60), we determined the prognostic values of the core genes in the network and found that RAD21, CDK1, and HDAC2 expression levels were negatively associated with OS for HCC patients. The multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that CDK1 was an independent prognostic factor, which was validated in an independent case cohort (N = 78). In cellular models, inhibition of CDK1 by siRNA or a specific inhibitor, RO-3306, reduced cellular proliferation and viability for HCC cells. These results suggest that the prognostic predictive capacities of these gene signatures are reproducible and that CDK1 is a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for HCC patients. Eleven gene signatures have promising values for the OS prediction of HCC patients who undergo the surgical treatments. Prediction results for the 11 gene signatures were in moderate concordance, and genes included were functionally linked. CDK1 is an independent prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Various gene signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have been reported; however, their generalizability is unclear. Using two HCC patient datasets, we assessed the prognostic values of these gene signatures and identified 11 gene signatures that were associated with overall survival for postoperative HCC patients in both cohorts. Genes derived from these signatures formed a functional protein-protein interaction network with 1,406 nodes and 10,135 edges, and the expression levels of three core genes, RAD21, CDK1, and HDAC2, in the network were negatively associated with the overall survival of HCC patients. Further studies suggested that CDK1 is an independent prognostic factor and that it is a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Malignant Biliary Tract Diseases, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xuqian Fang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Malignant Biliary Tract Diseases, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - XinXin Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201821, PR China.
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Bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine photodynamic therapy disrupts redox homeostasis and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42126. [PMID: 28169351 PMCID: PMC5294812 DOI: 10.1038/srep42126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically established and highly evolving treatment modality for cancer. PDT utilizes a light responsive drug called photosensitizer that selectively destroys tumor cells upon light irradiation. Squaraines are a class of dyes possessing all favorable characteristics of a photosensitizer and have been considered to be a potent candidate for next generation PDT. In this study we chose an iodo derivative of squaraine called diiodo-squaraine (bis(3, 5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine) which has been reported for its tumor specificity but least studied for its cellular and molecular functions. Our studies revealed that the iodo derivative of squaraine possess maximum photodynamic activity in human breast cancer cells MDA- MB- 231 and had very little cytotoxicity in normal breast cells MCF-10A. We analyzed its pro and anti-apoptotic events initiated by oxidative stress exploring a proteomic approach and delineated other critical molecular pathways and key proteins involved in regulating the complex network of cellular response upon PDT. Our study showed that, diiodo- squaraines predominantly accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our study also reveals the novel mechanistic role of diiodo-squaraines to induce oxidative stress there by activating both protective and death inducing pathways post PDT.
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Hatok J, Racay P. Bcl-2 family proteins: master regulators of cell survival. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:259-70. [PMID: 27505095 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prominent function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is regulation of the initiation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways of apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that in addition to regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, proteins of the Bcl-2 family play important roles in regulating other cellular pathways with a strong impact on cell survival like autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, intracellular calcium dynamics, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about functions of Bcl-2 family proteins that are related to cell survival.
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Maslaňáková M, Balogová L, Miškovský P, Tkáčová R, Štroffeková K. Anti- and Pro-apoptotic Bcl2 Proteins Distribution and Metabolic Profile in Human Coronary Aorta Endothelial Cells Before and After HypPDT. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:435-47. [PMID: 27314518 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in endothelial cells (ECs) has great importance for the development of novel therapy strategies for cancer and cardiovascular pathologies. An oxidative stress with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common mechanism causing ECs' dysfunction and apoptosis. The generation of ROS can be triggered by various stimuli including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In most PDT treatments, photosensitizer (PS) is administered systemically, and thus, possibility of high exposure to PS in the ECs remains high. PS accumulation in ECs may be clinically relevant even without PDT, if PS molecules affect the pro-apoptotic cascade without illumination. In the present work, we focused on Hypericin (Hyp) and HypPDT effects on the cell viability, oxidative stress, and the distribution of Bcl2 family members in human coronary artery endothelial (HCAEC) cells. Our findings show that the presence of Hyp itself has an effect on cell viability, oxidative stress, and the distribution of Bcl2 family members, without affecting the mitochondria function. In contrast, HypPDT resulted in mitochondria dysfunction, further increase of oxidative stress and effect on the distribution of Bcl2 family members, and in primarily necrotic type of death in HCAEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Maslaňáková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Jesenna 5, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balogová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Jesenna 5, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Jesenna 5, Kosice, Slovakia.,Center of Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ružena Tkáčová
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Štroffeková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PJ Safarik University, Jesenna 5, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Singh K, Briggs JM. Functional Implications of the spectrum of BCL2 mutations in Lymphoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 769:1-18. [PMID: 27543313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the translocated BCL2 gene are often detected in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), indicating both their significance and pervasiveness. Large series genome sequencing of more than 200 DLBCLs has identified frequent BCL2 mutations clustered in the exons coding for the BH4 domain and the folded loop domain (FLD) of the protein. However, BCL2 mutations are mostly contemplated to represent bystander events with negligible functional impact on the pathogenesis of DLBCL. BCL2 arbitrates apoptosis through a classic interaction between its hydrophobic groove forming BH1-3 domains and the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family. The effects of mutations are mainly determined by the ability of the mutated BCL2 to mediate apoptosis by this inter-member protein binding. Nevertheless, BCL2 regulates diverse non-canonical pathways that are unlikely to be explained by canonical interactions. In this review, first, we identify recurrent missense mutations in the BH4 domain and the FLD reported in independent lymphoma sequencing studies. Second, we discuss the probable consequences of mutations on the binding ability of BCL2 to non-BCL2 family member proteins crucial for 1) maintaining mitochondrial energetics and calcium hemostasis such as VDAC, IP3R, and RyR and 2) oncogenic pathways implicated in the acquisition of the 'hallmarks of cancer' such as SOD, Raf-1, NFAT, p53, HIF-1α, and gelsolin. The study also highlights the likely ramifications of mutations on binding of BCL2 antagonists and BH3 profiling. Based on our analysis, we believe that an in-depth focus on BCL2 interactions mediated by these domains is warranted to elucidate the functional significance of missense mutations in DLBCL. In summary, we provide an extensive overview of the pleiotropic functions of BCL2 mediated by its physical binding interaction with other proteins and the various ways BCL2 mutations would affect the normal function of the cell leading to the development of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Singh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - James M Briggs
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA.
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Gyurászová K, Mikeš J, Halaburková A, Jendželovský R, Fedoročko P. YM155, a small molecule inhibitor of survivin expression, sensitizes cancer cells to hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:812-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show for the first time that the repression of survivin expression by YM155 is effective in sensitizing cancer cells to HY-PDT, as measured by the decrease in cell viability and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Gyurászová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Jaromír Mikeš
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Andrea Halaburková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
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28
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Contractile dynamics change before morphological cues during fluorescence [corrected] illumination. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18513. [PMID: 26691776 PMCID: PMC4686977 DOI: 10.1038/srep18513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Illumination can have adverse effects on live cells. However, many experiments, e.g. traction force microscopy, rely on fluorescence microscopy. Current methods to assess undesired photo-induced cell changes rely on qualitative observation of changes in cell morphology. Here we utilize a quantitative technique to identify the effect of light on cell contractility prior to morphological changes. Fibroblasts were cultured on soft elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent beads. The adherent cells generated contractile forces that deform the substrate. Beads were used as fiducial markers to quantify the substrate deformation over time, which serves as a measure of cell force dynamics. We find that cells exposed to moderate fluorescence illumination (λ = 540–585 nm, I = 12.5 W/m2, duration = 60 s) exhibit rapid force relaxation. Strikingly, cells exhibit force relaxation after only 2 s of exposure, suggesting that photo-induced relaxation occurs nearly immediately. Evidence of photo-induced morphological changes were not observed for 15–30 min after illumination. Force relaxation and morphological changes were found to depend on wavelength and intensity of excitation light. This study demonstrates that changes in cell contractility reveal evidence of a photo-induced cell response long before any morphological cues.
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29
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Di Venosa G, Perotti C, Batlle A, Casas A. The role of cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. Possible therapeutic interventions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1451-64. [PMID: 25832889 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) induces changes in the cytoskeleton, the cell shape, and the adhesion properties of tumour cells. In addition, these targets have also been demonstrated to be involved in the development of PDT resistance. The reversal of PDT resistance by manipulating the cell adhesion process to substrata has been out of reach. Even though the existence of cell adhesion-mediated PDT resistance has not been reported so far, it cannot be ruled out. In addition to its impact on the apoptotic response to photodamage, the cytoskeleton alterations are thought to be associated with the processes of metastasis and invasion after PDT. In this review, we will address the impact of photodamage on the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeleton components and its regulators on PDT-treated cells as well as on cell adhesion. We will also summarise the impact of PDT on the surviving and resistant cells and their metastatic potential. Possible strategies aimed at taking advantage of the changes induced by PDT on actin, tubulin and cell adhesion proteins by targeting these molecules will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP). CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina.
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30
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Zhang J, Shao L, Wu C, Lu H, Xu R. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis of myoloma SP2/0 cells depended on caspase activity in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 15:58. [PMID: 26074732 PMCID: PMC4464615 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming a promising therapeutic modality for hematological malignancies. Hypericin is a natural photosensitizer possessing anti-depressant, anti-virus and anti-cancer activities. The present study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of hypericin-mediated PDT on the mouse multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro. METHODS The mouse myeloma SP2/0 cells were incubed with different concentrations of hypericin and then illuminated with different light doses. The inhibitory effect of hypericin-mediated PDT on tumor cell proliferation was assayed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The apoptosis related morphological changes of SP2/0 cells were observed by microscopy. The biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis such as DNA fragments, mitochondrial membrane potential changes were assessed. The expression of apoptosis related proteins were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS Hypericin-mediated PDT induced the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells in a dose dependent manner. Tumor cells showed obvious morphological changes of apoptosis and necrosis and DNA fragmentation after treated by hypericin mediated PDT (0.025 ~ 0.05 μM). The mitochondria membrane potential in SP2/0 cells was decreased significantly after incubated with the 0.025 μM and 0.5 μM hypericin (P < 0.05). The expression level of caspase-3 was decreased, while caspase activity was elevated with the increasing drug dosage. The apoptosis of SP2/0 cells was blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. CONCLUSION Hypericin-mediated PDT induced apoptosis mainly dependent on caspase related pathways. Hypericin-mediated PDT may be a potential and alternative therapy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, China and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 361021 China
| | - Linxiang Shao
- Department of Bioscience, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Chunlin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 36200 China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China
| | - Ruian Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, China and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 361021 China
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Garg AD, Maes H, van Vliet AR, Agostinis P. Targeting the hallmarks of cancer with therapy-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 2:e975089. [PMID: 27308392 PMCID: PMC4905250 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is at the center of a number of vital cellular processes such as cell growth, death, and differentiation, crosstalk with immune or stromal cells, and maintenance of proteostasis or homeostasis, and ER functions have implications for various pathologies including cancer. Recently, a number of major hallmarks of cancer have been delineated that are expected to facilitate the development of anticancer therapies. However, therapeutic induction of ER stress as a strategy to broadly target multiple hallmarks of cancer has been seldom discussed despite the fact that several primary or secondary ER stress-inducing therapies have been found to exhibit positive clinical activity in cancer patients. In the present review we provide a brief historical overview of the major discoveries and milestones in the field of ER stress biology with important implications for anticancer therapy. Furthermore, we comprehensively discuss possible strategies enabling the targeting of multiple hallmarks of cancer with therapy-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; KU Leuven University of Leuven ; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; KU Leuven University of Leuven ; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander R van Vliet
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; KU Leuven University of Leuven ; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory; Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; KU Leuven University of Leuven ; Leuven, Belgium
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Fava LL, Haschka MD, Villunger A. Bim vanishes in the light of a mitotic Aurora. Cell Death Differ 2014; 20:1597-8. [PMID: 24212928 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L L Fava
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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The role of anti-apoptotic protein kinase Cα in response to hypericin photodynamic therapy in U-87 MG cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:213-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alexandrou AT, Li JJ. Cell cycle regulators guide mitochondrial activity in radiation-induced adaptive response. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1463-80. [PMID: 24180340 PMCID: PMC3936506 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There are accruing concerns on potential genotoxic agents present in the environment including low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) that naturally exists on earth's surface and atmosphere and is frequently used in medical diagnosis and nuclear industry. Although its long-term health risk is being evaluated and remains controversial, LDIR is shown to induce temporary but significant adaptive responses in mammalian cells and animals. The mechanisms guiding the mitochondrial function in LDIR-induced adaptive response represent a unique communication between DNA damage and cellular metabolism. Elucidation of the LDIR-regulated mitochondrial activity may reveal new mechanisms adjusting cellular function to cope with hazardous environmental stress. RECENT ADVANCES Key cell cycle regulators, including Cyclin D1/CDK4 and Cyclin B1/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) complexes, are actively involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions via phosphorylation of their mitochondrial targets. Accumulating new evidence supports a concept that the Cyclin B1/CDK1 complex acts as a mediator in the cross talk between radiation-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial functions to coordinate cellular responses to low-level genotoxic stresses. CRITICAL ISSUES The LDIR-mediated mitochondrial activity via Cyclin B1/CDK1 regulation is an irreplaceable network that is able to harmonize vital cellular functions with adjusted mitochondrial metabolism to enhance cellular homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigation of the coordinative mechanism that regulates mitochondrial activities in sublethal stress conditions, including LDIR, will reveal new insights of how cells cope with genotoxic injury and will be vital for future targeted therapeutic interventions that reduce environmental injury and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris T Alexandrou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis , Sacramento, California
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Obakan P, Arısan ED, Özfiliz P, Çoker-Gürkan A, Palavan-Ünsal N. Purvalanol A is a strong apoptotic inducer via activating polyamine catabolic pathway in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:145-54. [PMID: 24190492 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purvalanol A is a specific CDK inhibitor which triggers apoptosis by causing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Although it has strong apoptotic potential, the mechanistic action of Purvalanol A on significant cell signaling targets has not been clarified yet. Polyamines are crucial metabolic regulators affected by CDK inhibition because of their role in cell cycle progress as well. In addition, malignant cells possess impaired polyamine homeostasis with high level of intracellular polyamines. Especially induction of polyamine catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), polyamine oxidase (PAO) and spermine oxidase (SMO) induced toxic by-products in correlation with the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we showed that Purvalanol A induced apoptosis in caspase- dependent manner in MCF-7 ER(+) cells, while MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cells were less sensitive against drug. In addition Bcl-2 is a critical target for Purvalanol A, since Bcl-2 overexpressed cells are more resistant to Purvalanol A-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure of MCF-7 cells to Purvalanol A triggered SSAT and PAO upregulation and the presence of PAO/SMO inhibitor, MDL 72,527 prevented Purvalanol A-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Obakan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
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The sonodynamic effect of curcumin on THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:737264. [PMID: 23509769 PMCID: PMC3591177 DOI: 10.1155/2013/737264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese herb Curcuma longa and has been proposed to function as a photosensitizer. The potential use of curcumin as a sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) requires further exploration. This study investigated the sonodynamic effect of curcumin on macrophages, the pivotal inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque. THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with curcumin at a concentration of 40.7 μmol/L for 2 h and then exposed to pulse ultrasound irradiation (2 W/cm2 with 0.86 MHz) for 5–15 min. Six hours later, cell viability was decreased in cells that had been treated with ultrasound for 10 and 15 min. After ultrasound irradiation for 15 min, the ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells in SDT group was higher than that in ultrasound group, and the ratio of apoptotic cells was higher than that of necrotic cells. Both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological changes of cytoskeleton were apparent 2 h after treatment with curcumin SDT. These findings support that curcumin had sonodynamic effect on THP-1-derived macrophages and that curcumin SDT could be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Wang L, Schumann U, Liu Y, Prokopchuk O, Steinacker JM. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and compensates ATP balance through enhanced glycolytic activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1669-76. [PMID: 23042904 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To address possible effects of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on energy metabolism, we established a cell line expressing different levels of Hsp70 and evaluated changes in glucose and lactate metabolites, as well as ATP levels accordingly. In addition, activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis [phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], Krebs cycle [citric synthase (CS)], and oxidative phosphorylation {NADH dehydrogenase [complex I (CI)] and ubiquinol:cytochrome-c reductase [complex III (CIII)]} were analyzed. The results show that both glucose consumption and lactate excretion were elevated significantly in cells expressing increased levels of Hsp70. Simultaneously, the activities of glycolytic enzymes PFK and LDH were increased markedly in cells overexpressing Hsp70. Activities of enzymes CI and CIII, both involved in oxidative phosphorylation, decreased upon increased expression of Hsp70. These findings were supported by nonsignificant reductions of CS activities in cells that overexpressed Hsp70, whereas intracellular ATP levels remained constant over a wide range of Hsp70 expression. In conclusion, overexpression of Hsp70 in HeLa cells results in downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, in particular, multiprotein CIII, the main source of reactive oxygen species. In exchange, upregulation of the glycolytic pathway compensates for the homeostasis of cellular ATP supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Wang
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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38
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Choi HJ, Zhu BT. Role of cyclin B1/Cdc2 in mediating Bcl-XL
phosphorylation and apoptotic cell death following nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:125-37. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
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39
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Asami Y, Jang JH, Soung NK, He L, Moon DO, Kim JW, Oh H, Muroi M, Osada H, Kim BY, Ahn JS. Protuboxepin A, a marine fungal metabolite, inducing metaphase arrest and chromosomal misalignment in tumor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3799-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Soares ARM, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, Zamarrón A, Carrasco E, González S, Cavaleiro JAS, Torres T, Guldi DM, Juarranz A. Glycophthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for Triggering Mitotic Catastrophe and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:940-51. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. M. Soares
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United
States
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response of HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells to combination of photoactivated hypericin and farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin A. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8388-405. [PMID: 22272079 PMCID: PMC3257076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several photodynamically-active substances and farnesyltransferase inhibitors are currently being investigated as promising anticancer drugs. In this study, the combined effect of hypericin (the photodynamically-active pigment from Hypericum perforatum) and selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin (manumycin A; the selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor from Streptomyces parvulus) on HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells was examined. We found that the combination treatment of cells with photoactivated hypericin and manumycin resulted in enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response compared to the effect of single treatments. This was associated with increased suppression of clonogenic growth, S phase cell cycle arrest, elevated caspase-3/7 activity and time-dependent total cleavage of procaspase-3 and lamin B, cleavage of p21Bax into p18Bax and massive PARP cleavage. Moreover, we found that the apoptosis-inducing factor is implicated in signaling events triggered by photoactivated hypericin. Our results showed the relocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nuclei after hypericin treatment. In addition, we discovered that not only manumycin but also photoactivated hypericin induced the reduction of total Ras protein level. Manumycin decreased the amount of farnesylated Ras, and the combination treatment decreased the amount of both farnesylated and non-farnesylated Ras protein more dramatically. The present findings indicate that the inhibition of Ras processing may be the determining factor for enhancing the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of combination treatment on HT-29 cells.
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42
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Lim SH, Lee HB, Ho ASH. A new naturally derived photosensitizer and its phototoxicity on head and neck cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1152-8. [PMID: 21534974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our screening for photosensitizers from natural resources, 15(1)-hydroxypurpurin-7-lactone ethyl methyl diester (compound 1) was isolated for the first time from an Araceae plant. To evaluate the efficacy of compound 1 as a photosensitizer for head and neck cancers, compound 1 was studied in reference to a known photosensitizer pheophorbide-a (Pha), in terms of photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation and in in vitro experiments (intracellular uptake and phototoxicity assays) in two oral (HSC2 and HSC3) and two nasopharyngeal (HK1 and C666-1) cancer cell lines. In this study, compound 1 exhibited higher intracellular uptake over 24 h compared with Pha in both HSC3 and HK1 cells. When activated by ≥4.8 J cm(-2) of light, compound 1 was slightly more potent as a photosensitizer than Pha by consistently having marginally lower IC(50) values across different cell lines. In flow cytometry experiments to study the mechanism of photoactivated cell death in HSC3, compound 1 was observed to induce more pronounced apoptosis compared with Pha, which may have been driven by the transient G(2)/M cell cycle block which was also observed. These promising results on compound 1 warrant its further investigation as a clinically useful photodynamic therapy agent for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Hui Lim
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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43
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Vitale I, Galluzzi L, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Mitotic catastrophe: a mechanism for avoiding genomic instability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:385-92. [PMID: 21527953 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The improper distribution of chromosomes during mitosis compromises cellular functions and can reduce cellular fitness or contribute to malignant transformation. As a countermeasure, higher eukaryotes have developed strategies for eliminating mitosis-incompetent cells, one of which is mitotic catastrophe. Mitotic catastrophe is driven by a complex and poorly understood signalling cascade but, from a functional perspective, it can be defined as an oncosuppressive mechanism that precedes (and is distinct from) apoptosis, necrosis or senescence. Accordingly, the disruption of mitotic catastrophe precipitates tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and its induction constitutes a therapeutic endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
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44
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Abstract
Most of the current drugs used to treat cancer can be classified as anti-proliferative drugs. These drugs perturb the proliferative cycle of tumor cells at diverse stages of the cell cycle. Examples of such drugs are DNA-damaging agents and inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases that arrest cell cycle progression at different stages of interphase. Another class of anti-proliferative drugs is the so-called anti-mitotic drugs, which selectively perturb progression through mitosis. Mitosis is the shortest and final stage in the cell cycle and has evolved to accurately divide the duplicated genome over the two daughter cells. This review deals with the different strategies that are currently considered to perturb mitotic progression in the treatment of cancer.
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Abumaree MH, Zhu L, Bardeen CJ, Al-Suwaidan SD, Al-Kaysi RO. Fabrication of biologically active surface-modified Taxol nanowires using anodic aluminum oxide templates. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Dewaele M, Martinet W, Rubio N, Verfaillie T, de Witte PA, Piette J, Agostinis P. Autophagy pathways activated in response to PDT contribute to cell resistance against ROS damage. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 15:1402-14. [PMID: 20626525 PMCID: PMC4373339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) concurrently instigate apoptosis and autophagy pathways, but the link between these processes remains unclear. Because cytotoxic ROS formation is exploited in anticancer therapy, such as in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a better understanding of the complex interplay between autophagy and apoptosis is urgently required. Previously, we reported that ROS generated by PDT with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated sensitizer leads to loss of ER-Ca2+ homeostasis, ER stress and apoptosis. Here we show that PDT prompted Akt-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway down-regulation and stimulated macroautophagy (MA) in cancer and normal cells. Overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-4 reversed mTOR down-regulation and blocked MA progression and apoptosis. Attenuating MA using Atg5 knockdown or 3-methyladenine, reduced clearance of oxidatively damaged proteins and increased apoptosis, thus revealing a cytoprotective role of MA in PDT. Paradoxically, genetic loss of MA improved clearance of oxidized proteins and reduced photokilling. We found that up-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in unstressed Atg5−/− cells compensated for MA loss and increased cellular resistance to PDT. CMA-deficient cells were significantly sensitized to photokilling but were protected against the ER stressor thapsigargin. These results disclose a stress-specific recruitment of autophagy pathways with cytoprotective function and unravel CMA as the dominant defence mechanism against PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dewaele
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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47
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Yang JS, Hour MJ, Huang WW, Lin KL, Kuo SC, Chung JG. MJ-29 Inhibits Tubulin Polymerization, Induces Mitotic Arrest, and Triggers Apoptosis via Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1-Mediated Bcl-2 Phosphorylation in Human Leukemia U937 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:477-88. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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48
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Kello M, Mikeš J, Jendželovský R, Kovaľ J, Fedoročko P. PUFAs enhance oxidative stress and apoptosis in tumour cells exposed to hypericin-mediated PDT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1244-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Ferenc P, Solár P, Kleban J, Mikes J, Fedorocko P. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Akt induced by combination of photoactivated hypericin and genistein in human breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 98:25-34. [PMID: 19932626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Presented experiment considers combination of genistein and photodynamic therapy with hypericin with a view to achieve higher therapeutic outcome in human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, both identified in our conditions as photodynamic therapy resistant. Since genistein is known to suppress Bcl-2 expression, we predicted that photodynamic therapy with hypericin might benefit from mutual therapeutic combination. In line with our expectations, combined treatment led to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax in both cell lines as well as to suppression of Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation induced by photoactivated hypericin in MCF-7 cells. Although Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation was not stimulated by photodynamic therapy with hypericin in MDA-MB-231 cells, it was effectively suppressed in combination. Variations in cell death signaling favoring apoptosis were indeed accompanied by cell cycle arrest in G(2)/M-phase, activation of caspase-7, PARP cleavage and increased occurrence of cells with apoptotic morphology of nucleus. All these events corresponded with suppression of proliferation and significantly lowered clonogenic ability of treated cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that pre-treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein may significantly improve the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with hypericin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ferenc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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50
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Theodossiou TA, Hothersall JS, De Witte PA, Pantos A, Agostinis P. The Multifaceted Photocytotoxic Profile of Hypericin. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1775-89. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900166q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A. Theodossiou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John S. Hothersall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A. De Witte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandros Pantos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou & Neapoleos, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, BHF Laboratories, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, U.K., Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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