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Chovsepian A, Prokopchuk O, Petrova G, Gjini T, Kuzi H, Heisz S, Janssen KP, Martignoni ME, Friess H, Hauner H, Rohm M. Diabetes increases mortality in patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancer by promoting cachexia and its associated inflammatory status. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101729. [PMID: 37094629 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is considered an emerging diabetes complication, with higher incidence and worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. Cancer is frequently associated with cachexia, a systemic metabolic disease causing wasting. It is currently unclear how diabetes affects the development and progression of cachexia. METHODS We investigated the interplay between diabetes and cancer cachexia retrospectively in a cohort of 345 patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer. We recorded body weight, fat mass, muscle mass, clinical serum values, and survival of these patients. Patients were grouped either into diabetic/non-diabetic groups based on previous diagnosis, or into obese/non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI≥30kg/m2 was considered obese). RESULTS The pre-existence of type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, in patients with cancer led to increased cachexia incidence (80%, compared to 61% without diabetes, p≤0.05), higher weight loss (8.9 % vs. 6.0 %, p≤0.001), and reduced survival probability (median survival days: 689 vs. 538, Chi square=4.96, p≤0.05) irrespective of the initial body weight or tumor progression. Patients with diabetes and cancer showed higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (0.919 μg/mL vs. 0.551 μg/mL, p≤0.01) and interleukin 6 (5.98 pg/mL vs. 3.75 pg/mL, p≤0.05) as well as lower serum albumin levels (3.98 g/dL vs. 4.18 g/dL, p≤0.05) than patients with cancer without diabetes. In a sub-analysis of patients with pancreatic cancer, pre-existing diabetes worsened weight loss (9.95% vs. 6.93%, p≤0.01), and increased the duration of hospitalization (24.41 days vs. 15.85 days, p≤0.001). Further, diabetes aggravated clinical manifestations of cachexia, as changes in the aforementioned biomarkers were more pronounced in patients with diabetes and cachexia co-existence, compared to cachectic patients without diabetes (C-reactive protein: 2.300 μg/mL vs. 0.571 μg/mL, p≤0.0001; hemoglobin: 11.24 g/dL vs. 12.52 g/dL, p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that pre-existing diabetes aggravates cachexia development in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer. This is important when considering cachexia biomarkers and weight management in patients with co-existing diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Petrova
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tefta Gjini
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuzi
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Krauss T, Heisz S, Honecker J, Prokopchuk O, Martignoni M, Janssen KP, Claussnitzer M, Hauner H, Seeliger C. Specific miRNAs are associated with human cancer cachexia in an organ-specific manner. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37021483 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CCx) is a complex and multi-organ wasting syndrome characterized by substantial weight loss and poor prognosis. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia is essential. How microRNAs contribute to the clinical manifestation and progression of CCx remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify specific miRNAs related to organ-specific CCx and explore their functional role in humans. METHODS miRNA patterns in serum and in cachexia target organs (liver, muscle and adipose tissue) from weight stable (N ≤ 12) and cachectic patients (N ≤ 23) with gastrointestinal cancer were analysed. As a first step, a miRNA array (158 miRNAs) was performed in pooled serum samples. Identified miRNAs were validated in serum and corresponding tissue samples. Using in silico prediction, related genes were identified and evaluated. The findings were confirmed in vitro by siRNA knock-down experiments in human visceral preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblast cells and consecutive gene expression analyses. RESULTS Validating the results of the array, a 2-fold down-regulation of miR-122-5p (P = 0.0396) and a 4.5-fold down-regulation of miR-194-5p (P < 0.0001) in serum of CCx patients in comparison with healthy controls were detected. Only miR-122-5p correlated with weight loss and CCx status (P = 0.0367). Analysing corresponding tissues six muscle and eight visceral adipose tissue (VAT) cachexia-associated miRNAs were identified. miR-27b-3p, miR-375 and miR-424-5p were the most consistently affected miRNAs in tissues of CCx patients correlating negatively with the severity of body weight loss (P = 0.0386, P = 0.0112 and P = 0.0075, respectively). We identified numerous putative target genes of the miRNAs in association with muscle atrophy and lipolysis pathways. Knock-down experiments in C2C12 myoblast cells revealed an association of miR-27b-3p and the in silico predicted atrophy-related target genes IL-15 and TRIM63. Both were up-regulated in miR-27b-3p knock-down cells (P < 0.05). Concordantly, in muscle tissue of CCx individuals, significant higher expression levels of IL-15 (P = 0.0237) and TRIM63 (P = 0.0442) were detected. miR-424-5p was identified to regulate the expression of lipase genes. Knock-down experiments in human visceral preadipocytes revealed an inverse association of miR-424-5p with its predicted target genes LIPE, PNPLA2, MGLL and LPL (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The identified miRNAs, in particular miR-122-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-375 and miR-424-5p, represent features of human CCx and may contribute to tissue wasting and skeletal muscle atrophy through the regulation of catabolic signals. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of the identified miRNAs as a screening tool for early detection of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Krauss
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans Hauner
- School of Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- School of Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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3
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Fasoula NA, Karlas A, Prokopchuk O, Katsouli N, Bariotakis M, Liapis E, Goetz A, Kallmayer M, Reber J, Novotny A, Friess H, Ringelhan M, Schmid R, Eckstein HH, Hofmann S, Ntziachristos V. Non-invasive multispectral optoacoustic tomography resolves intrahepatic lipids in patients with hepatic steatosis. Photoacoustics 2023; 29:100454. [PMID: 36794122 PMCID: PMC9922962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by intrahepatic lipid accumulation and may lead to irreversible liver damage if untreated. Here, we investigate whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can offer label-free detection of liver lipid content to enable non-invasive characterization of hepatic steatosis by analyzing the spectral region around 930 nm, where lipids characteristically absorb. In a pilot study, we apply MSOT to measure liver and surrounding tissues in five patients with liver steatosis and five healthy volunteers, revealing significantly higher absorptions at 930 nm in the patients, while no significant difference was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the two groups. We further corroborated the human observations with corresponding MSOT measurements in high fat diet (HFD) - and regular chow diet (CD)-fed mice. This study introduces MSOT as a potential non-invasive and portable technique for detecting/monitoring hepatic steatosis in clinical settings, providing justification for larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina-Alexia Fasoula
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Katsouli
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michail Bariotakis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Goetz
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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4
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Eckfeld C, Schoeps B, Häußler D, Frädrich J, Bayerl F, Böttcher JP, Knolle P, Heisz S, Prokopchuk O, Hauner H, Munkhbaatar E, Demir IE, Hermann CD, Krüger A. TIMP-1 is a novel ligand of Amyloid Precursor Protein and triggers a proinflammatory phenotype in human monocytes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213799. [PMID: 36629908 PMCID: PMC9837626 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging cytokine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) correlates with the progression of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. However, the effects of TIMP-1 on immune cell activation and underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Unbiased ligand-receptor-capture-screening revealed TIMP-1-interaction with Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) family members, namely APP and Amyloid Precursor-like Protein-2 (APLP2), which was confirmed by pull-down assays and confocal microscopy. We found that TIMP-1 triggered glucose uptake and proinflammatory cytokine expression in human monocytes. In cancer patients, TIMP-1 expression positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine expression and processes associated with monocyte activation. In pancreatic cancer, TIMP-1 plasma levels correlated with the monocyte activation marker sCD163, and the combined use of both clinically accessible plasma proteins served as a powerful prognostic indicator. Mechanistically, TIMP-1 triggered monocyte activation by its C-terminal domain and via APP as demonstrated by in vitro interference, in silico docking, and the employment of recombinant TIMP-1 variants. Identification of TIMP-1 as a trigger of monocyte activation opens new therapeutic perspectives for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Eckfeld
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Frädrich
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Bayerl
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Böttcher
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- School of Life Sciences, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- School of Life Sciences, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,School of Life Sciences, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enkhtsetseg Munkhbaatar
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris D. Hermann
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Correspondence to Achim Krüger:
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5
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Hermann CD, Schoeps B, Eckfeld C, Munkhbaatar E, Kniep L, Prokopchuk O, Wirges N, Steiger K, Häußler D, Knolle P, Poulton E, Khokha R, Grünwald BT, Demir IE, Krüger A. TIMP1 expression underlies sex disparity in liver metastasis and survival in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210911. [PMID: 34533565 PMCID: PMC8480668 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex disparity in cancer is so far inadequately considered, and components of its basis are rather unknown. We reveal that male versus female pancreatic cancer (PC) patients and mice show shortened survival, more frequent liver metastasis, and elevated hepatic metastasis-promoting gene expression. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) was the secreted factor with the strongest male-biased expression in patient-derived pancreatic tumors. Male-specific up-regulation of systemic TIMP1 was demonstrated in PC mouse models and patients. Using TIMP1-competent and TIMP1-deficient PC mouse models, we established a causal role of TIMP1 in determining shortened survival and increased liver metastasis in males. Observing TIMP1 expression as a risk parameter in males led to identification of a subpopulation exhibiting increased TIMP1 levels (T1HI males) in both primary tumors and blood. T1HI males showed increased risk for liver metastasis development not only in PC but also in colorectal cancer and melanoma. This study reveals a lifestyle-independent sex disparity in liver metastasis and may open new avenues toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Hermann
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Celina Eckfeld
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Kniep
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Wirges
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily Poulton
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara T. Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Morigny P, Kaltenecker D, Zuber J, Machado J, Mehr L, Tsokanos FF, Kuzi H, Hermann CD, Voelkl M, Monogarov G, Springfeld C, Laurent V, Engelmann B, Friess H, Zörnig I, Krüger A, Krijgsveld J, Prokopchuk O, Fisker Schmidt S, Rohm M, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M. Association of circulating PLA2G7 levels with cancer cachexia and assessment of darapladib as a therapy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1333-1351. [PMID: 34427055 PMCID: PMC8517355 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CCx) is a multifactorial wasting disorder characterized by involuntary loss of body weight that affects many cancer patients and implies a poor prognosis, reducing both tolerance to and efficiency of anticancer therapies. Actual challenges in management of CCx remain in the identification of tumour-derived and host-derived mediators involved in systemic inflammation and tissue wasting and in the discovery of biomarkers that would allow for an earlier and personalized care of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify new markers of CCx across different species and tumour entities. METHODS Quantitative secretome analysis was performed to identify specific factors characteristic of cachexia-inducing cancer cell lines. To establish the subsequently identified phospholipase PLA2G7 as a marker of CCx, plasma PLA2G7 activity and/or protein levels were measured in well-established mouse models of CCx and in different cohorts of weight-stable and weight-losing cancer patients with different tumour entities. Genetic PLA2G7 knock-down in tumours and pharmacological treatment using the well-studied PLA2G7 inhibitor darapladib were performed to assess its implication in the pathogenesis of CCx in C26 tumour-bearing mice. RESULTS High expression and secretion of PLA2G7 were hallmarks of cachexia-inducing cancer cell lines. Circulating PLA2G7 activity was increased in different mouse models of CCx with various tumour entities and was associated with the severity of body wasting. Circulating PLA2G7 levels gradually rose during cachexia development. Genetic PLA2G7 knock-down in C26 tumours only partially reduced plasma PLA2G7 levels, suggesting that the host is also an important contributor. Chronic treatment with darapladib was not sufficient to counteract inflammation and tissue wasting despite a strong inhibition of the circulating PLA2G7 activity. Importantly, PLA2G7 levels were also increased in colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients with CCx. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data show that despite no immediate pathogenic role, at least when targeted as a single entity, PLA2G7 is a consistent marker of CCx in both mice and humans. The early increase in circulating PLA2G7 levels in pre-cachectic mice supports future prospective studies to assess its potential as biomarker for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Zuber
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliano Machado
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Mehr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuzi
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Voelkl
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victor Laurent
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engelmann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Søren Fisker Schmidt
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Patzelt L, Junker D, Syväri J, Burian E, Wu M, Prokopchuk O, Nitsche U, Makowski MR, Braren RF, Herzig S, Diaz MB, Karampinos DC. MRI-Determined Psoas Muscle Fat Infiltration Correlates with Severity of Weight Loss during Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174433. [PMID: 34503243 PMCID: PMC8431175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the suitability of psoas and erector spinae muscle proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and fat volume as biomarkers for monitoring cachexia severity in an oncological cohort, and to evaluate regional variances in muscle parameters over time. METHODS In this prospective study, 58 oncological patients were examined by a 3 T MRI receiving between one and five scans. Muscle volume and PDFF were measured, segmentation masks were divided into proximal, middle and distal muscle section. RESULTS A regional variation of fat distribution in erector spinae muscle at baseline was found (p < 0.01). During follow-ups significant relative change of muscle parameters was observed. Relative maximum change of erector spinae muscle showed a significant regional variation. Correlation testing with age as a covariate revealed significant correlations for baseline psoas fat volume (r = -0.55, p < 0.01) and baseline psoas PDFF (r = -0.52, p = 0.02) with maximum BMI change during the course of the disease. CONCLUSION In erector spinae muscles, a regional variation of fat distribution at baseline and relative maximum change of muscle parameters was observed. Our results indicate that psoas muscle PDFF and fat volume could serve as MRI-determined biomarkers for early risk stratification and disease monitoring regarding progression and severity of weight loss in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Patzelt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Jan Syväri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Egon Burian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.P.); (U.N.)
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (O.P.); (U.N.)
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Rickmer F. Braren
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.H.); (M.B.D.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.H.); (M.B.D.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (D.J.); (J.S.); (E.B.); (M.W.); (M.R.M.); (R.F.B.); (D.C.K.)
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8
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Schoeps B, Eckfeld C, Prokopchuk O, Böttcher J, Häußler D, Steiger K, Demir IE, Knolle P, Soehnlein O, Jenne DE, Hermann CD, Krüger A. TIMP1 Triggers Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3568-3579. [PMID: 33941611 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) correlates with poor prognosis in many cancers, including highly lethal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The noncanonical signaling activity of TIMP1 is emerging as one basis for its contribution to cancer progression. However, TIMP1-triggered progression-related biological processes are largely unknown. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the tumor microenvironment is known to drive progression of PDAC, but factors or molecular mechanisms initiating NET formation in PDAC remain elusive. In this study, gene-set enrichment analysis of a human PDAC proteome dataset revealed that TIMP1 protein expression most prominently correlates with neutrophil activation in patient-derived tumor tissues. TIMP1 directly triggered formation of NETs in primary human neutrophils, which was dependent on the interaction of TIMP1 with its receptor CD63 and subsequent ERK signaling. In genetically engineered PDAC-bearing mice, TIMP1 significantly contributed to NET formation in tumors, and abrogation of TIMP1 or NETs prolonged survival. In patient-derived PDAC tumors, NETs predominantly colocalized with areas of elevated TIMP1 expression. Furthermore, TIMP1 plasma levels correlated with DNA-bound myeloperoxidase, a NET marker, in the blood of patients with PDAC. A combination of plasma levels of TIMP1 and NETs with the clinically established marker CA19-9 allowed improved identification of prognostically distinct PDAC patient subgroups. These observations may have a broader impact, because elevated systemic levels of TIMP1 are associated with the progression of a wide range of neutrophil-involved inflammatory diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the prognostic relevance of TIMP1 and neutrophil extracellular traps in highly lethal pancreatic cancer, where a noncanonical TIMP1/CD63/ERK signaling axis induces NET formation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/13/3568/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schoeps
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Celina Eckfeld
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Böttcher
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Prokopchuk O, Hermann CD, Schoeps B, Nitsche U, Prokopchuk OL, Knolle P, Friess H, Martignoni ME, Krüger A. A novel tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1/liver/cachexia score predicts prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:378-392. [PMID: 33590974 PMCID: PMC8061407 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a devastating syndrome in cancer patients, critically determines survival and life quality. It is characterized by impaired homeostasis of multiple organs including the liver, involves tissue wasting, and is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss (WL). However, recent studies pointed at the problem that WL is not sufficient for precise classification of cancer patients according to disease severity (i.e. prognosis). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is an easily accessible cachexia-associated biomarker in the blood, known to alter liver homeostasis. Here, we investigated the value of combining blood levels of TIMP-1 with parameters of liver functionality towards establishment of a cachexia-associated clinical score, which predicts survival of cancer patients, reflects the clinical manifestation of cachexia, and is easily accessible in the clinic. METHODS The TIMP-1/liver cachexia (TLC) score, expressed as numerical value ranging from 0 to 1, was calculated by categorizing the blood levels of TIMP-1 and parameters of liver functionality (C-reactive protein, ferritin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, albumin, and total protein) for each patient as below/above a certain risk threshold. The TLC score was tested in a cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 82, 35.4% women, 64.6% men, median age: 70 years) and validated in a cohort of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients (n = 84, 54.8% women, 45.2% men, median age: 69 years). RESULTS In CRC patients, the TLC score positively correlated with presence of cachexia-related symptoms (WL, impaired liver function), predicted survival [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 96.91 (9.85-953.90)], and allowed classification of three prognostically distinct patient subpopulations [low (LO)-risk, intermediate (IM)-risk, and high (HI)-risk groups; LO vs. IM: P = 0.003, LO vs. HI: P < 0.001, IM vs. HI: P = 0.029]. The prognostic power of the cachexia-associated TLC score [P < 0.001, HR: 7.37 (2.80-19.49)] and its application to define risk groups (LO vs. IM: P = 0.032, LO vs. HI: P < 0.001, IM vs. HI: P = 0.014) was confirmed in a cohort of PC patients. The prognostic power of the TLC score was independent of presence of liver metastases in CRC or PC patients and was superior to clinically established staging classifications. CONCLUSIONS The TLC score, a result of straightforward determination of blood parameters, is an objective cachexia-associated clinical tool for precise survival prediction of gastrointestinal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oleksii L Prokopchuk
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Mueller TC, Reik L, Prokopchuk O, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Measurement of body mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and computed tomography in cancer patients with malnutrition - a cross-sectional observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23642. [PMID: 33327343 PMCID: PMC7738080 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and cachexia affects the majority of cancer patients and significantly worsens their quality of life and prognosis. However, the diagnostic criteria of malnutrition and cachexia remain a topic under constant debate. To overcome this hurdle, diagnostic tools to objectively detect and quantify the loss of muscle and fat mass are needed. Computed tomography (CT)-based measurement is currently considered the golden standard. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an economical, non-invasive tool but it is seen controversial in patients with cancer and malnutrition because of possible estimation errors.BIA and CT-based analysis of body mass compartments were performed 172 times in 118 cancer patients, within the nutrition program of our institution. Prevalence of malnutrition was determined according to the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria. Data obtained for muscle and fat mass from both BIA and CT were correlated using Pearson's ρ. All analyses were performed with an explorative significance level of 5%.45.7% of the cohort were classified as "malnourished." No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups regarding demographic data. Median body mass index, Karnofsky performance status, and nutritional risk score were lower in the malnourished group. Values for muscle and fat mass by BIA and CT were significantly lower in malnourished patients. Correlation of the measured parameters were highly significant between CT-based and BIA measurement. In the overall cohort, correlation of measured muscle mass values by CT and BIA was significant with Pearson's ρ = 0.794 (P < .01). Looking at patients without malnutrition only, Pearson's ρ was 0.754 (P < .01). The correlation of measured fat mass values was equally significant, with Pearson's ρ of 0.748 (P < .01) in the overall cohort and 0.771 (P < .01) in patients with malnutrition.To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing BIA to CT-based body mass analysis in a large cohort of cancer patients with malnutrition. The results suggest that BIA is a valid diagnostic tool for the assessment of muscle and fat mass, even in patients with malnutrition, and could be implemented for the early detection and short-term follow-up of malnutrition and cachexia.
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11
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Kunzke T, Buck A, Prade VM, Feuchtinger A, Prokopchuk O, Martignoni ME, Heisz S, Hauner H, Janssen KP, Walch A, Aichler M. Derangements of amino acids in cachectic skeletal muscle are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:226-240. [PMID: 31965747 PMCID: PMC7015243 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is the direct cause of at least 20% of cancer-associated deaths. Muscle wasting in skeletal muscle results in weakness, immobility, and death secondary to impaired respiratory muscle function. Muscle proteins are massively degraded in cachexia; nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms related to this process are poorly understood. Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the amino acid abundances in cachectic skeletal muscle tissues. There is a clear need to identify the molecular processes of muscle metabolism in the context of cachexia, especially how different types of molecules are involved in the muscle wasting process. METHODS New in situ -omics techniques were used to produce a more comprehensive picture of amino acid metabolism in cachectic muscles by determining the quantities of amino acids, proteins, and cellular metabolites. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging, we determined the in situ concentrations of amino acids and proteins, as well as energy and other cellular metabolites, in skeletal muscle tissues from genetic mouse cancer models (n = 21) and from patients with cancer (n = 6). Combined results from three individual MALDI mass spectrometry imaging methods were obtained and interpreted. Immunohistochemistry staining for mitochondrial proteins and myosin heavy chain expression, digital image analysis, and transmission electron microscopy complemented the MALDI mass spectrometry imaging results. RESULTS Metabolic derangements in cachectic mouse muscle tissues were detected, with significantly increased quantities of lysine, arginine, proline, and tyrosine (P = 0.0037, P = 0.0048, P = 0.0430, and P = 0.0357, respectively) and significantly reduced quantities of glutamate and aspartate (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.0124). Human skeletal muscle tissues revealed similar tendencies. A majority of altered amino acids were released by the breakdown of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Decreased energy charge was observed in cachectic muscle tissues (P = 0.0101), which was related to the breakdown of specific proteins. Additionally, expression of the cationic amino acid transporter CAT1 was significantly decreased in the mitochondria of cachectic mouse muscles (P = 0.0133); this decrease may play an important role in the alterations of cationic amino acid metabolism and decreased quantity of glutamate observed in cachexia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction has a substantial influence on amino acid metabolism in cachectic skeletal muscles, which appears to be triggered by diminished CAT1 expression, as well as the degradation of mitochondrial proteins. These findings provide new insights into the pathobiochemistry of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, TUM, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, TUM, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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12
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Marquart K, Prokopchuk O, Wilhelm D, Worek F, Thiermann H, Martignoni ME, Wille T. Human small bowel as model for poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Prokopchuk O, Neumann PA, Hüser N, Friess H, Wilhelm D. Multiple intestinal intussusceptions caused by highly impaired gastrointestinal motility in a patient with chronic cannabis consumption. J Surg Case Rep 2019; 2019:rjz160. [PMID: 31139341 PMCID: PMC6532137 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the therapeutic use of cannabis and its derivatives is currently rising, the adverse effects of cannabis and cannabinoids are of special interest. However little is known about the possible effects of long-term use of cannabis on the gastrointestinal motility. Herewith we describe the case of a patient with a rare severe form of intestinal intussusception following long-term cannabis consumption. The case shall raise awareness of possible life threatening complications of the use of cannabis and its derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische, Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Marquart K, Prokopchuk O, Worek F, Thiermann H, Martignoni ME, Wille T. Human small bowel as a useful tool to investigate smooth muscle effects of potential therapeutics in organophosphate poisoning. Toxicol Lett 2018; 293:235-240. [PMID: 29154801 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolated organs proofed to be a robust tool to study effects of (potential) therapeutics in organophosphate poisoning. Small bowel samples have been successfully used to reveal smooth muscle relaxing effects. In the present study, the effects of obidoxime, TMB-4, HI-6 and MB 327 were investigated on human small bowel tissue and compared with rat data. Hereby, the substances were tested in at least seven different concentrations in the jejunum or ileum both pre-contracted with carbamoylcholine. Additionally, the cholinesterase activity of native tissue was determined. Human small intestine specimens showed classical dose response-curves, similar to rat tissue, with MB 327 exerting the most potent smooth muscle relaxant effect in both species (human EC50=0.7×10-5M and rat EC50=0.7×10-5M). The AChE activity for human and rat samples did not differ significantly (rat jejunum=1351±166 mU/mg wet weight; rat ileum=1078±123 mU/mg wet weight; human jejunum=1030±258 mU/mg wet weight; human ileum=1293±243 mU/mg wet weight). Summarizing, our isolated small bowel setup seems to be a solid tool to investigate the effects of (potential) therapeutics on pre-contracted smooth muscle, with data being transferable between rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Marquart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80397 Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80397 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80397 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80397 Munich, Germany.
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15
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Prokopchuk O, Grünwald B, Nitsche U, Jäger C, Prokopchuk OL, Schubert EC, Friess H, Martignoni ME, Krüger A. Elevated systemic levels of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1 correlate with clinical markers of cachexia in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:128. [PMID: 29394913 PMCID: PMC5797345 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we determined the possible association of systemic TIMP-1 levels with cachexia and jaundice, two common PDAC-associated conditions. METHODS Plasma TIMP-1 was measured by ELISA in patients diagnosed with PDAC (n = 36) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) (n = 25). Patients without pancreatic pathologies and known malignancies of other origin served as controls (n = 13). TIMP-1 levels in these patients were tested for asscociation with jaundice and chachexia, and furthermore correlated with cachexia-related clinical parameters such as weight loss and ferritin, parameters of lung function, hemoglobin and liver synthesis parameters. RESULTS TIMP-1 plasma levels were mostly higher in CP and PDAC patients with concomitant jaundice or cachexia. Elevated plasma TIMP-1 levels were also associated with clinical cachexia markers, including absolute and relative values of weight loss and lung function, as well as ferritin, hemoglobin, and cholinesterase levels. TIMP-1 levels significantly correlated with cachexia only in patients without jaundice. Jaundice also impaired the use of TIMP-1 as a prognostic marker in cancer patients. Relating to cachexia status alone, a slightly improved association of TIMP-1 levels with survival of PDAC patients was observed. CONCLUSION This retrospective study reports for the first time that plasma levels of TIMP-1 are associated with pancreatic lesion-induced cachexia in patients without jaundice. TIMP-1 is counterindicated as a survival marker in patients with jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Barbara Grünwald
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elaine C Schubert
- Institut für Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Bachmann J, Riediger C, Feith M, Prokopchuk O, Schultheiss K, Friess H, Martignoni M. Influence of an elevated nutrition risk score in patients suffering from esophageal cancer following tumor resection. FFHD 2017. [DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v7i8.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients who suffer from malignant tumors of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction have 5-year survival rates of up to 83%, something that is documented in the early stages of cancer. Too often, weight loss is an underestimated sign for patients suffering from cancer on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Weight loss is associated with different adverse outcomes. Even after tumor resection, malnutrition remains a severe problem that still affects long-term disease free survivors.Material and methods: This study included the clinical courses of 205 patients suffering from cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction who were operated on between July 2007 and December 2009. On admission, the nutrition risk score was evaluated. Follow-up data were collected routinely. The aim of the underlying study was to show the prevalence of an elevated nutrition risk score (NRS) and to demonstrate its influence on perioperative mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, the relevance of an elevated nutrition risk score on the postoperative survival was analyzed.Results: More than a third (35.8%) of the patients included in this study had a nutrition risk score of at least three. A preoperative elevated nutrition risk score did not have a significant influence on perioperative morbidity or on 30-days mortality rate. In patients with early tumor stage UICC stage I a/b, an elevated risk score of 3 or more had a significant influence on postoperative survival. In contrast, in advanced tumor stages an increased NRS did not have a significant negative influence on survival within both UICC II a/b and UICC IIII a/b. Conclusions: Further studies are required to demonstrate whether a nutritional intervention can improve the survival rates of patients suffering from malignant tumors within the esophagus and in whom an operation has to be performed.Keywords: Weight loss, esophageal cancer, NRS
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Schwarz S, Prokopchuk O, Esefeld K, Gröschel S, Bachmann J, Lorenzen S, Friess H, Halle M, Martignoni ME. The clinical picture of cachexia: a mosaic of different parameters (experience of 503 patients). BMC Cancer 2017; 17:130. [PMID: 28193264 PMCID: PMC5307774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite our growing knowledge about the pathomechanisms of cancer cachexia, a whole clinical picture of the cachectic patient is still missing. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics in cancer patients with and without cachexia to get the whole picture of a cachectic patient. METHODS Cancer patients of the University Clinic "Klinikum rechts der Isar" with gastrointestinal, gynecological, hematopoietic, lung and some other tumors were offered the possibility to take part in the treatment concept including a nutrition intervention and an individual training program according to their capability. We now report on the first 503 patients at the time of inclusion in the program between March 2011 and October 2015. We described clinical characteristics such as physical activity, quality of life, clinical dates and food intake. RESULTS Of 503 patients with cancer, 131 patients (26.0%) were identified as cachectic, 369 (73.4%) as non-cachectic. The change in cachexia were 23% reduced capacity performance (108 Watt for non-cachectic-patients and 83 Watt for cachectic patients) and 12% reduced relative performance (1.53 Watt/kg for non-cachectic and 1.34 Watt/kg for cachectic patients) in ergometry test. 75.6% of non-cachectic and 54.3% of cachectic patients still received curative treatment. CONCLUSION Cancer cachectic patients have multiple symptoms such as anemia, impaired kidney function and impaired liver function with elements of mild cholestasis, lower performance and a poorer quality of life in the EORTC questionnaire. Our study reveals biochemical and clinical specific features of cancer cachectic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Schwarz
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - O. Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Esefeld
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Gröschel
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Bachmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Lorenzen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Halle
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - M. E. Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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Prokopchuk O, Steinacker JM, Nitsche U, Otto S, Bachmann J, Schubert EC, Friess H, Martignoni ME. IL-4 mRNA Is Downregulated in the Liver of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Suffering from Cachexia. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:84-91. [PMID: 27897439 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1247885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-4 (IL-4) together with interleukin-13 (IL-13) play an important role in inflammation and wound repair, and are known to be upregulated in human skeletal muscle after strenuous physical exercise. Additionally, these cytokines may act as autocrine growth factors in pancreatic cancer cells. We hypothesize that IL-4, IL-13, and their corresponding receptors are involved in mechanism of cancer cachexia. METHODS Tissue samples from human skeletal muscle, white fat, liver, healthy pancreas, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-4 receptor α, and IL-13 receptor α1. RESULTS We demonstrate for the first time that liver IL-4 mRNA is downregulated in vivo in patients with pancreatic cancer and cachexia. Additionally, IL-4 mRNA in the liver inversely correlated with musculus psoas thickness. CONCLUSION We speculate that suppression of IL-4 is involved in cancer cachexia, although the exact mechanisms have to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- a Department of Surgery , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- b Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- a Department of Surgery , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Stephanie Otto
- b Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Jeannine Bachmann
- a Department of Surgery , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Elaine C Schubert
- c Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- a Department of Surgery , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- a Department of Surgery , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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Grünwald B, Harant V, Schaten S, Frühschütz M, Spallek R, Höchst B, Stutzer K, Berchtold S, Erkan M, Prokopchuk O, Martignoni M, Esposito I, Heikenwalder M, Gupta A, Siveke J, Saftig P, Knolle P, Wohlleber D, Krüger A. Pancreatic Premalignant Lesions Secrete Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1, Which Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells Via CD63 Signaling to Create a Premetastatic Niche in the Liver. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:1011-1024.e7. [PMID: 27506299 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasizes to liver at early stages, making this disease highly lethal. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) creates a metastasis-susceptible environment in the liver. We investigated the role of TIMP1 and its receptor CD63 in metastasis of early-stage pancreatic tumors using mice and human cell lines and tissue samples. METHODS We obtained liver and plasma samples from patients in Germany with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, or PDAC, as well as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We performed studies with Ptf1a+/Cre;Kras+/LSL-G12D;Trp53loxP/loxP (CPK) mice, Pdx-1+/Cre;Kras+/LSL-G12D;Trp53+/LSL-R172H (KPC) mice, and their respective healthy littermates as control, and Cd63-/- mice with their wild-type littermates. KPC mice were bred with Timp1-/- mice to produce KPCxTimp1-/- mice. TIMP1 was overexpressed and CD63 was knocked down in mice using adenoviral vectors AdTIMP1 or AdshCD63, respectively. Hepatic susceptibility to metastases was determined after intravenous inoculation of syngeneic 9801L pancreas carcinoma cells. Pancreata and liver tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemical, immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. We analyzed the effects of TIMP1 overexpression or knockdown and CD63 knockdown in transduced human primary HSCs and HSC cell lines. RESULTS Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, and PDAC tissues from patients expressed higher levels of TIMP1 protein than normal pancreas. The premalignant pancreatic lesions that developed in KPC and CPK mice expressed TIMP1 and secreted it into the circulation. In vitro and in vivo, TIMP1 activated human or mouse HSCs, which required interaction between TIMP1 and CD63 and signaling via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not TIMP1 protease inhibitor activity. This signaling pathway induced expression of endogenous TIMP1. TIMP1 knockdown in HSCs reduced their activation. Cultured TIMP1-activated human and mouse HSCs began to express stromal-derived factor-1, which induced neutrophil migration, a marker of the premetastatic niche. Mice with pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia-derived systemic increases in TIMP1 developed more liver metastases after injections of pancreatic cancer cells than mice without increased levels of TIMP1. This increase in formation of liver metastases from injected pancreatic cancer cells was not observed in TIMP1 or CD63 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TIMP1 is increased in chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, and PDAC tissues from patients. TIMP1 signaling via CD63 leads to activation of HSCs, which create an environment in the liver that increases its susceptibility to pancreatic tumor cells. Strategies to block TIMP1 signaling via CD63 might be developed to prevent PDAC metastasis to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grünwald
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Veronika Harant
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Susanne Schaten
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Monika Frühschütz
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ria Spallek
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Katharina Stutzer
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sonja Berchtold
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Chirurgische Klinik Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Chirurgische Klinik Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marc Martignoni
- Chirurgische Klinik Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Aayush Gupta
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jens Siveke
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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Prokopchuk O, Hrubinko V. Experiments on accumulation of phosphorus in the plants Myosotis palustris, Glyceria maxima and Nasturtium officinale. Biosys divers 2016. [DOI: 10.15421/011659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of availability of quality water is highly relevant today, so the technologies of prediction and prevention of water pollution and purification are very important. Biological methods of cleaning, in paticular cleaning water by the so-called method of biosorption, have been increasingly used in the last decade. This method means the removal of dangerous substances and improvement of water condition by using aquatic organisms, in particular plants. Therefore, in view of the rich experience of research conducted in the biosorption sphere, we decided to predict the effectiveness of this method by using the cumulative ability of higher water plants to absorb phosphorus compounds. For this purpose, we selected water and plant samples (Glyceria maxima (C. Hartm.) Holmb., Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Myosotis palustris (L.) L.) from the river Seret (Ternopil, Ukraine). The plants were placed into sterilized glass jars filled with 3 liters of water from the river Seret (control samples) and still tap water with addition of sodium phosphate with phosphorus concentration of 3.5 mg/dm³ (research sample), which were cultured in laboratory conditions for four months. We determined the content of phosphates, permanganate and dichromate oxidation in the water and the total content of phosphorus in the plants. We traced the dynamic of organic substances and the content of phosphates in the water, the accumulation of phosphorus in plants and the rate of accumulation of phosphorus in the plants and in the water. We calculated correlation coefficients to detect the dependence between phosphorus indicators in the aquatic plants and the concentration of phosphate ions in the water. We found that M. palustris had the greatest capacity to accumulate phosphorus and the highest rate of phosphorus accumulation from water, which allows us to consider it the most effective aquatic plant for absorption of elements and decreasing water pollution. We also established that G. maxima is the most effective aquatic plant for removal of phosphates from the soil and silt ponds for cultivation, while M. palustris and N. officinale are the most effective in reducing eutrophication of water bodies.
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Prokopchuk O, Hrubinko V. Heavy metals in the small rivers of Ternopil region under different types of anthropogenic pressure. Biosys divers 2016. [DOI: 10.15421/011621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic of content and peculiarities of migration of heavy metals in small rivers of Ternopil region were analyzed (Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb). It was determined that cobalt does not exceed maximum permissible levels, whereas the content of other metals exceed these levels at rates from 2 to 42 times the emission limit set by the fishing industry. The waters of Ternopil region are the richest in the compounds of iron and manganese by virtue of the lithological content of the researched water basins. The excess in Mn and Fe concentration in river water is caused by occurrence of these elements in abiotic components of river valleys, particularly in areas with iron and manganese, alluvial deposits, clay soils with ferrous metal compounds and leaching of elements from rock, soil and forest litter. As our research showed, increased metal content in water basins is caused by natural factors (river running through areas with ore and where leaching of ore occurs it, reaction of interstitial water, metals appearing in ground water run-off), anthropogenic (waste waters of industrial plants, agricultural outwash, fuel combustion) and hydrochemical factors of the hydroecosystem itself (consumption and releasing of metals by hydrobionts, aquatic habitat pH, metals coming in from ground sediments, metals released from complexes with organic compounds, methylation of non-organic metal compounds). A comparative analysis of the pollution levels of Ternopil region water basins by heavy metals was completed. It was determined that the river most heavily contaminated by the content of nutrients and non-biogenic HM is the Zolota Lypa and the cleanest is the River Strypa, which allows us to recommend the use of water composition as a reference indicator in assessing the ecological state of the region’s surface waters.
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Prokopchuk O, Andres S, Becker K, Holzapfel K, Hartmann D, Friess H. Maffucci syndrome and neoplasms: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:126. [PMID: 26920730 PMCID: PMC4769492 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maffucci syndrome is characterized by the sporadic occurrence of multiple enchondromas together with multiple hemangiomas. Patients with Maffucci syndrome are at increased risk of developing different kinds of malignant tumors. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a 39-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome together with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Heterozygous somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/IDH2) genes are associated with a number of different tumor types (e.g. IHCC) and also with Maffucci syndrome. For IHCC, mutations in IDH1/IDH2 are associated with higher survival rates. IHCC tissue as well as normal liver tissue and peripheral blood were analyzed for IDH1/IDH2-mutations in our patient. In the tumor sample, we identified a recurrent somatic IDH1-mutation affecting Arg132, while in normal liver tissue and peripheral blood, no variants were detected, as expected. CONCLUSION This case report presents the second patient in the literature exhibiting the features of Maffucci syndrome along with cholangiocarcinoma. This supports the hypothesis that IDH1/2-mutations, which can be present in different types of tumor tissue simultaneously, arise during embryonic development in a mosaic pattern; as a result, a more aggressive follow-up is proposed in patients with Maffucci syndrome to exclude neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Andres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karen Becker
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Mueller TC, Bachmann J, Prokopchuk O, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Molecular pathways leading to loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia--can findings from animal models be translated to humans? BMC Cancer 2016; 16:75. [PMID: 26856534 PMCID: PMC4746781 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cachexia is a multi-factorial, systemic syndrome that especially affects patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and leads to reduced treatment response, survival and quality of life. The most important clinical feature of cachexia is the excessive wasting of skeletal muscle mass. Currently, an effective treatment is still lacking and the search for therapeutic targets continues. Even though a substantial number of animal studies have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the loss of skeletal muscle mass, subsequent clinical trials of potential new drugs have not yet yielded any effective treatment for cancer cachexia. Therefore, we questioned to which degree findings from animal studies can be translated to humans in clinical practice and research. Discussion A substantial amount of animal studies on the molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia has been conducted in recent years. This extensive review of the literature showed that most of their observations could not be consistently reproduced in studies on human skeletal muscle samples. However, studies on human material are scarce and limited in patient numbers and homogeneity. Therefore, their results have to be interpreted critically. Summary More research is needed on human tissue samples to clarify the signaling pathways that lead to skeletal muscle loss, and to confirm pre-selected drug targets from animal models in clinical trials. In addition, improved diagnostic tools and standardized clinical criteria for cancer cachexia are needed to conduct standardized, randomized controlled trials of potential drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jeannine Bachmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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Wang L, Schumann U, Liu Y, Prokopchuk O, Steinacker JM. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and compensates ATP balance through enhanced glycolytic activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1669-76. [PMID: 23042904 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To address possible effects of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on energy metabolism, we established a cell line expressing different levels of Hsp70 and evaluated changes in glucose and lactate metabolites, as well as ATP levels accordingly. In addition, activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis [phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], Krebs cycle [citric synthase (CS)], and oxidative phosphorylation {NADH dehydrogenase [complex I (CI)] and ubiquinol:cytochrome-c reductase [complex III (CIII)]} were analyzed. The results show that both glucose consumption and lactate excretion were elevated significantly in cells expressing increased levels of Hsp70. Simultaneously, the activities of glycolytic enzymes PFK and LDH were increased markedly in cells overexpressing Hsp70. Activities of enzymes CI and CIII, both involved in oxidative phosphorylation, decreased upon increased expression of Hsp70. These findings were supported by nonsignificant reductions of CS activities in cells that overexpressed Hsp70, whereas intracellular ATP levels remained constant over a wide range of Hsp70 expression. In conclusion, overexpression of Hsp70 in HeLa cells results in downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, in particular, multiprotein CIII, the main source of reactive oxygen species. In exchange, upregulation of the glycolytic pathway compensates for the homeostasis of cellular ATP supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Wang
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Mueller-Witt A, Prokopchuk O, Luecker M, Hamma T, Bachmann J, Martignoni M, Liu Y, Steinacker JM. Hsp70 Expression In The Skeletal Muscle In Cancer Related Cachexia Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401553.12821.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Formentini A, Prokopchuk O, Sträter J, Kleeff J, Grochola LF, Leder G, Henne-Bruns D, Korc M, Kornmann M. Interleukin-13 exerts autocrine growth-promoting effects on human pancreatic cancer, and its expression correlates with a propensity for lymph node metastases. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:57-67. [PMID: 18758789 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-008-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in cells of hematopoetic origin. It is not known whether pancreatic cancer cells produce IL-13 or whether IL-13 can modulate pancreatic cancer cell growth and influence the frequency of lymph node metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth and signaling were analyzed by cell counting, colorimetric proliferation assays, fluorescent-activated cell sorting, and in vitro kinase activity assays. IL-13 expression and secretion were determined by Northern blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Localization of IL-13 and its transmembrane receptor (IL-4R) in primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was characterized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-13 enhanced the growth of ASPC-1, CAPAN-1, and COLO-357 cells. This was associated with enhanced p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phoshorylation. In contrast to p44/42 MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity was also induced in IL-13-unresponsive MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and T3M4 cells. All cells expressed and secreted IL-13. Neutralizing IL-13 antibodies inhibited the growth of ASPC-1 and CAPAN-1 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of resected primary ductal adenocarcinoma specimens revealed high levels of IL-13 in 30 of 70 cases and its transmembrane receptor (IL-4R) in 28 of 70 cases, respectively. Fifteen of 16 specimens (94%) exhibiting high IL-13 and IL-4R coexpression had lymph node metastases, while only 30 of the remaining 54 samples (56%) had positive lymph nodes (p = 0.0134). CONCLUSION IL-13 can act as an autocrine growth factor in PDAC. Endogenous expression of IL-13 in conjunction with IL-4R in the cancer cells seems to facilitate lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Formentini
- Clinic of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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Prokopchuk O, Liu Y, Wang L, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D, Steinacker JM. Skeletal muscle IL-4, IL-4Ralpha, IL-13 and IL-13Ralpha1 expression and response to strength training. Exerc Immunol Rev 2007; 13:67-75. [PMID: 18198661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are Th2 cytokines involved in various immune responses and only a few reports examine skeletal muscle and the possible role of Th2 cytokines in myoblast fusion and myotube maturation. We hypothesized that IL-4, IL-13 and their receptors are involved in skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training. We investigated the effects of 6 weeks of strength training with different muscle load on IL-4, IL-13, IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 expression in skeletal muscle: training with maximal contractions (Max group, n = 12) and training with lower load combined with ballistic and stretch-shortening contractions (Combi group, n = 12). Muscle samples were taken from triceps brachii before and after the 6 weeks of training. mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 expression were determined by real-time PCR and IL-4 protein expression by ELISA. We demonstrate for the first time that IL-4, IL-13, IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 are expressed in skeletal muscle in vivo and are up-regulated after strength training. Higher training load in Max leads to higher cytokine responses, which was significant for IL-4Ralpha though IL-4 protein expression did not change significantly. Although the exact mechanisms have yet to be established, and these results may be preliminary, we speculate that IL-4, IL-13, IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 are involved in muscle hypertrophy, MHC-transformation and anti-inflammatory damage control that occur during strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prokopchuk
- Section Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Prokopchuk O, Liu Y, Brkic M, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D, Steinacker JM. Effect of Eccentric Strength Training with Supramaximal Loads on Muscle Function and Local Inflammatory Parameters. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu Y, Brkic M, Prokopchuk O, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D, Steinacker JM. Eccentric Strength Training Upregulated MHC Iα mRNA in Human Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Steinacker JM, Prokopchuk O, Brkic M, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D, Liu Y. Myogenic Growth and Differentiation Factors in Eccentric Strength Training with Supramaximal Loads. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
During the acute training response, peripheral cellular mechanisms are mainly metabolostatic to achieve energy supply. During prolonged training, glycogen deficiency occurs; this is associated with increased expression of local cytokines, and decreased insulin secretion and beta-adrenergic stimulation and lipolysis in adipose tissue which looses energy. This is indicated by decrease of adipocyte hormone leptin, which has inhibitory effects on excitatory hypothalamic neurons. Leptin, insulin, and cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) contribute to the metabolic error signal to the hypothalamus which result in decrease of hypothalamic release hormones and sympathoadrenergic stimulation. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is correlated to the metabolic hormones leptin and insulin, and may be used as indicator of metabolic control. Because the hypothalamus integrates various error signals (metabolic, hormonal, sensory afferents, and central stimuli), the pituitary's releasing hormones represent the functional status of an athlete. Long-term overtraining will lead to downregulation of hypothalamic hormonal and sympathoadrenergic responses, catabolism, and fatigue. These changes contribute to myopathy with predominant expression of slow muscle fiber type and inadequacy in performance. Thyroid hormones are closely involved in the training response and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Steinacker
- Sektion Sport- und Rehabilitationsmedizin, Medizinische Klinik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Steinacker JM, Wang L, Gampert L, Liu Y, Nething K, Prokopchuk O. Effects Of Overexpression Of Heat Shock Protein 70 On Energy Metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prokopchuk O, Liu Y, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D, Steinacker J. Response Of Il-4 And Il-4r Of Human Skeletal Muscle To Strength Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prokopchuk O, Liu Y, Henne-Bruns D, Kornmann M. Interleukin-4 enhances proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells: evidence for autocrine and paracrine actions. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:921-8. [PMID: 15714203 PMCID: PMC2361902 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine, which can inhibit the growth of tumour cells. Pancreatic cancer cells and tissues express high levels of IL-4 receptors. The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of IL-4 on the growth and signalling pathways of pancreatic cancer cells. Cell growth was determined by cell counting and MTT assays in association with fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, IL-4 expression using ELISA and real-time PCR techniques, and signal transduction using immunoprecipitation or immunoblot analysis. We now report for the first time that IL-4 significantly enhanced the growth of five out of six cultured pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in association with an increased fraction of cells in S-phase. Surprisingly, all six cell lines expressed endogenous IL-4, and IL-4 was detectable in the supernatant. Incubating cells with neutralising IL-4 antibodies resulted in a significant inhibition of basal growth in three cell lines, including IL-4-unresponsive MIA PaCa-2 cells, which however expressed the highest endogenous IL-4 levels. Interleukin-4 enhanced activity of MAPK, Akt-1, and Stat3 in IL-4-responsive, but not in IL-4-unresponsive MIA PaCa-2 cells; however, IL-4 enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 in all cell lines. Our results demonstrate for the first time that pancreatic cancer cells produce IL-4 and that IL-4 can act as a growth factor in pancreatic cancer cells. Together with the observation that neutralising IL-4 antibodies can inhibit the growth of these cells, our results suggest that IL-4 may act as an autocrine growth factor in pancreatic cancer cells and also give rise to the possibility that cancer-derived IL-4 may suppress cancer-directed immunosurveillance in vivo in addition to its growth-promoting effects, thereby facilitating pancreatic tumour growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Prokopchuk
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - D Henne-Bruns
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Kornmann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany. E-mail:
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Zemskov V, Prokopchuk O, Susak Y, Zemskov S, Tkachenko O, Hodysh Y, Nowicky W. Efficacy of ukrain in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002; 387:84-9. [PMID: 12111260 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-002-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2002] [Accepted: 04/04/2002] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This monocentric study evaluated the effect of ukrain in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 1996 and December 1999 we treated 21 patients with 10 mg ukrain every second day x10. The control group received supportive treatment only. RESULTS Ukrain treatment was well tolerated. Mean values on pain measure and Karnofsky index were significantly better in the ukrain group than in controls ( P<0.05). One-year survival was 76% in the ukrain group, compared to 9.5% in the control group. Median survival after treatment with ukrain was 574 days, compared to 197 days in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that ukrain improves quality of life in patients suffering from advanced pancreatic cancer and significantly prolongs survival time in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodimir Zemskov
- Department of General Surgery, National Medical University, prosp. Holosiivsky, 59B, 03039 Kyiv, Ukraine
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