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Alghamdi SS, Alghashem SA, Ali R, Alsubait A, Suliman RS, Mohammed AE, Alehaideb Z, Alshafi RA, Alturki AY, Rahman I. Exploring the potential of Ziziphus nummularia and luteolin-7-O-glucoside as tubulin inhibitors in cancer therapy and survival. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7202. [PMID: 38531974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for approximately 10 million deaths worldwide, with 70% of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries; as such safer and more effective anti-cancer drugs are required. Therefore, the potential benefits of Ziziphus nummularia and Ziziphus spina-christi as sources of anti-cancer agents were investigated. Z. nummularia and Z. spina-christi extracts were prepared using chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The extracts' anti-cancer properties were determined using the MTT Cell Viability Assay in four cancer cell lines: breast (KAIMRC2 and MDA-MB-231), colorectal (HCT8), and liver (HepG2). The ApoTox-Glo Triplex Assay and high-content imaging (HCI)-Apoptosis Assay were used to assess KAIMRC2 and HCT8 cells further. In addition, KAIMRC2 cells were tested for microtubule staining, and AKT/mTOR protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to identify the secondary metabolites in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, followed by in silico techniques to predict molecular targets and interactions, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile for identified metabolites. Out of the eight extracts, the ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia, exhibited the most potent activity against KAIMRC2 cells with an IC50 value of 29.2 μg/ml. Cancer cell treatment with the ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with increased apoptosis and cytotoxic effects. Microtubule staining showed a disrupted microtubular network. The ethanolic extract treatment of KAIMRC2 cells led to upregulated expression of pAKT and pmTOR. In silico studies predicted luteolin-7-O-glucoside to be a ligand for tubulin with the highest docking score (- 7.686) and similar binding interactions relative to the native ligand. Further computational analysis of the metabolites showed acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, although ethanolic extract metabolites were predicted to have cardiotoxic effects. Ethanolic extraction is optimal for solubilizing active anticancer metabolites from Z. nummularia, which may act by causing M-phase arrest via inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside is the lead candidate for further research and development as an anti-cancer agent. In addition, this study suggests that herbal treatment could switch on mechanisms of adaptation and survival in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, 11426, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abdulaziz Alghashem
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alsubait
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Pharmacy Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences (FCHS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, 11426, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Abdullah Alshafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Allulu Yousef Alturki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Nano M, Montell DJ. Apoptotic signaling: Beyond cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:22-34. [PMID: 37988794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best described form of regulated cell death, and was, until relatively recently, considered irreversible once particular biochemical points-of-no-return were activated. In this manuscript, we examine the mechanisms cells use to escape from a self-amplifying death signaling module. We discuss the role of feedback, dynamics, propagation, and noise in apoptotic signaling. We conclude with a revised model for the role of apoptosis in animal development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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3
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Sun G. Death and survival from executioner caspase activation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:66-73. [PMID: 37468421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Executioner caspases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of cell death under apoptotic stress. Activated executioner caspases drive apoptotic cell death through cleavage of diverse protein substrates or pyroptotic cell death in the presence of gasdermin E. On the other hand, activation of executioner caspases can also trigger pro-survival and pro-proliferation signals. In recent years, a growing body of studies have demonstrated that cells can survive from executioner caspase activation in response to stress and that the survivors undergo molecular and phenotypic alterations. This review focuses on death and survival from executioner caspase activation, summarizing the role of executioner caspases in apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death and discussing the potential mechanism and consequences of survival from stress-induced executioner caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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4
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Gama AR, Miller T, Venkatesan S, Lange JJ, Wu J, Song X, Bradford D, Unruh JR, Halfmann R. Protein supersaturation powers innate immune signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.20.533581. [PMID: 36993308 PMCID: PMC10055258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity protects us in youth but turns against us as we age. The reason for this tradeoff is unclear. Seeking a thermodynamic basis, we focused on death fold domains (DFDs), whose ordered polymerization has been stoichiometrically linked to innate immune signal amplification. We hypothesized that soluble ensembles of DFDs function as phase change batteries that store energy via supersaturation and subsequently release it through nucleated polymerization. Using imaging and FRET-based cytometry to characterize the phase behaviors of all 109 human DFDs, we found that the hubs of innate immune signaling networks encode large nucleation barriers that are intrinsically insulated from cross-pathway activation. We showed via optogenetics that supersaturation drives signal amplification and that the inflammasome is constitutively supersaturated in vivo. Our findings reveal that the soluble "inactive" states of adaptor DFDs function as essential, yet impermanent, kinetic barriers to inflammatory cell death, suggesting a thermodynamic driving force for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayla Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Jianzheng Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dan Bradford
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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5
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Sever AIM, Alderson TR, Rennella E, Aramini JM, Liu ZH, Harkness RW, Kay LE. Activation of caspase-9 on the apoptosome as studied by methyl-TROSY NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310944120. [PMID: 38085782 PMCID: PMC10743466 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310944120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptotic signaling cascades lead to the formation of the apoptosome, a 1.1-MDa heptameric protein scaffold that recruits and activates the caspase-9 protease. Once activated, caspase-9 cleaves and activates downstream effector caspases, triggering the onset of cell death through caspase-mediated proteolysis of cellular proteins. Failure to activate caspase-9 enables the evasion of programmed cell death, which occurs in various forms of cancer. Despite the critical apoptotic function of caspase-9, the structural mechanism by which it is activated on the apoptosome has remained elusive. Here, we used a combination of methyl-transverse relaxation-optimized NMR spectroscopy, protein engineering, and biochemical assays to study the activation of caspase-9 bound to the apoptosome. In the absence of peptide substrate, we observed that both caspase-9 and its isolated protease domain (PD) only very weakly dimerize with dissociation constants in the millimolar range. Methyl-NMR spectra of isotope-labeled caspase-9, within the 1.3-MDa native apoptosome complex or an engineered 480-kDa apoptosome mimic, reveal that the caspase-9 PD remains monomeric after recruitment to the scaffold. Binding to the apoptosome, therefore, organizes caspase-9 PDs so that they can rapidly and extensively dimerize only when substrate is present, providing an important layer in the regulation of caspase-9 activation. Our work highlights the unique role of NMR spectroscopy to structurally characterize protein domains that are flexibly tethered to large scaffolds, even in cases where the molecular targets are in excess of 1 MDa, as in the present example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. M. Sever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - T. Reid Alderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Enrico Rennella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James M. Aramini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zi Hao Liu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert W. Harkness
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lewis E. Kay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Li X, Li K, Li J, Zhang Z, Wang H. Effects of perchlorate and exogenous T4 on growth, development and tail resorption of Rana chensinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122333. [PMID: 37558196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors have been demonstrated to exert adverse effects on growth and development of amphibians by disrupting hormone levels. Tail resorption, which is one of the most remarkable events during amphibian metamorphosis, is closely associated with thyroid hormones levels. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of endocrine disruptors on tail resorption in amphibians. This study explored the effects of NaClO4 and T4 on the growth, development and tail resorption during the metamorphosis of Rana Chensinensis. The results demonstrated that exposure to NaClO4 led to an increase in body size and a delay in metamorphosis of R. Chensinensis tadpoles. Histological analysis revealed that both NaClO4 and exogenous T4 exposure resulted in thyroid gland injury, and NaClO4 treatment delayed the degradation of notochord and muscles, thereby delaying tail resorption. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing results showed that apoptosis-related genes (APAF1, BAX and CASP6) and cell component degradation-related genes (MMP9 and MMP13) were highly expressed in the T4 exposure group, and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (SOD and CAT) was higher in the NaClO4 exposure group. Taken together, both NaClO4 and exogenous T4 affect tail resorption in R. Chensinensis, thereby affecting their adaptation to terrestrial life. The present study will not only provide a reference for future experimental research on the effects of other endocrine disruptors on the growth, development and tail resorption of amphibians but will also provide insights into environmental protection and ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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7
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Abukwaik R, Vera-Siguenza E, Tennant DA, Spill F. Interplay of p53 and XIAP protein dynamics orchestrates cell fate in response to chemotherapy. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111562. [PMID: 37348784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat almost all types of cancer, but the intended response, i.e., elimination, is often incomplete, with a subset of cancer cells resisting treatment. Two critical factors play a role in chemoresistance: the p53 tumour suppressor gene and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). These proteins have been shown to act synergistically to elicit cellular responses upon DNA damage induced by chemotherapy, yet, the mechanism is poorly understood. This study introduces a mathematical model characterising the apoptosis pathway activation by p53 before and after mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation upon treatment with the chemotherapy Doxorubicin (Dox). "In-silico" simulations show that the p53 dynamics change dose-dependently. Under medium to high doses of Dox, p53 concentration ultimately stabilises to a high level regardless of XIAP concentrations. However, caspase-3 activation may be triggered or not depending on the XIAP induction rate, ultimately determining whether the cell will perish or resist. Consequently, the model predicts that failure to activate apoptosis in some cancer cells expressing wild-type p53 might be due to heterogeneity between cells in upregulating the XIAP protein, rather than due to the p53 protein concentration. Our model suggests that the interplay of the p53 dynamics and the XIAP induction rate is critical to determine the cancer cells' therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Abukwaik
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia; School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Elias Vera-Siguenza
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, B15 2TS, United Kingdom.
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8
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Ziady A, Zhang N, Snowball J, Xu Y, Carey BC, Horio Y, O’Grady SM, Kopras EJ, Meeker J, Morgan H, Ostmann AJ, Skala E, Siefert ME, Na CL, Davidson CR, Gollomp K, Mangalmurti N, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin limits neutrophil extracellular trap disruption of airway epithelial barrier function. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023553. [PMID: 36703990 PMCID: PMC9872031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to lung injury in cystic fibrosis and asthma, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the impact of human NETs on barrier function in primary human bronchial epithelial and a human airway epithelial cell line. We demonstrate that NETs disrupt airway epithelial barrier function by decreasing transepithelial electrical resistance and increasing paracellular flux, partially by NET-induced airway cell apoptosis. NETs selectively impact the expression of tight junction genes claudins 4, 8 and 11. Bronchial epithelia exposed to NETs demonstrate visible gaps in E-cadherin staining, a decrease in full-length E-cadherin protein and the appearance of cleaved E-cadherin peptides. Pretreatment of NETs with alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) inhibits NET serine protease activity, limits E-cadherin cleavage, decreases bronchial cell apoptosis and preserves epithelial integrity. In conclusion, NETs disrupt human airway epithelial barrier function through bronchial cell death and degradation of E-cadherin, which are limited by exogenous A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: K. M. Hudock,
| | - M. S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. J. Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - N. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - B. C. Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Horio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S. M. O’Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - E. J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Meeker
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - H. Morgan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. J. Ostmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. Skala
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. E. Siefert
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. L. Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. R. Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K. Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N. Mangalmurti
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Pennsylvania Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B. C. Trapnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. P. Clancy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Sui GY, Wang F, Lee J, Roh YS. Mitochondrial Control in Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14890. [PMID: 36499214 PMCID: PMC9736936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The maintenance of mitochondrial function is necessary for a stable immune system. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system leads to the excessive activation of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to IBD and increased severity of CRC. In this review, we focus on the mitochondria and inflammatory signaling pathways and its related gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yan Sui
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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10
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Pujhari S, Brustolin M, Heu CC, Smithwick R, Larrosa M, Hafenstein S, Rasgon JL. Characterization of Mayaro virus (strain BeAn343102) biology in vertebrate and invertebrate cellular backgrounds. J Gen Virol 2022; 103:001794. [PMID: 36215156 PMCID: PMC10019088 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging New World alphavirus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) that causes acute multiphasic febrile illness, skin rash, polyarthritis and occasional severe clinical phenotypes. The virus lifecycle alternates between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Here we characterize the replication features, cell entry, lifecycle and virus-related cell pathology of MAYV using vertebrate and invertebrate in vitro models. Electron-dense clathrin-coated pits in infected cells and reduced viral production in the presence of dynasore, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin indicate that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. Increase in FITC-dextran uptake (an indicator of macropinocytosis) in MAYV-infected cells, and dose-dependent infection inhibition by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (a macropinocytosis inhibitor), indicated that macropinocytosis is an additional entry mechanism of MAYV in vertebrate cells. Acutely infected vertebrate and invertebrate cells formed cytoplasmic or membrane-associated extracytoplasmic replication complexes. Mosquito cells showed modified hybrid cytoplasmic vesicles that supported virus replication, nucleocapsid production and maturation. Mature virus particles were released from cells by both exocytosis and budding from the cell membrane. MAYV replication was cytopathic and associated with induction of apoptosis by the intrinsic pathway, and later by the extrinsic pathway in infected vertebrate cells. Given that MAYV is expanding its geographical existence as a potential public health problem, this study lays the foundation for biological understanding that will be valuable for therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chan C. Heu
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Ronald Smithwick
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mireia Larrosa
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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Role of Caspase Family in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Its Therapeutic Prospects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081074. [PMID: 36008968 PMCID: PMC9406018 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common musculoskeletal degenerative disease worldwide, of which the main clinical manifestation is low back pain (LBP); approximately, 80% of people suffer from it in their lifetime. Currently, the pathogenesis of IVDD is unclear, and modern treatments can only alleviate its symptoms but cannot inhibit or reverse its progression. However, in recent years, targeted therapy has led to new therapeutic strategies. Cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzymes (caspases) are a family of proteases present in the cytoplasm. They are evolutionarily conserved and are involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptotic death of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, it has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, mainly by regulating cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. With continuous research on the pathogenesis and pathological process of IVDD, an increasing number of studies have shown that caspases are closely related to the IVDD process, especially in the intervertebral disc (IVD) cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Therefore, herein we study the role of caspases in IVDD with respect to the structure of caspases and the related signaling pathways involved. This would help explore the strategy of regulating the activity of the caspases involved and develop caspase inhibitors to prevent and treat IVDD. The aim of this review was to identify the caspases involved in IVDD which could be potential targets for the treatment of IVDD.
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12
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Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020774. [PMID: 35054960 PMCID: PMC8775426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver transplantation. Therefore, extensive studies (in vitro, in experimental ALD models and in humans) are needed to elucidate pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALD. Notably, oxidative changes in the liver have been recognized as a signature trait of ALD. Progression of ALD is linked to the generation of highly reactive free radicals by reactions involving ethanol and its metabolites. Furthermore, hepatic oxidative stress promotes tissue injury and, in turn, stimulates inflammatory responses in the liver, forming a pathological loop that promotes the progression of ALD. Accordingly, accumulating further knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation may help establish a viable therapeutic approach for treating ALD.
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13
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Lee HS, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Shin SH, Kim IR. Role of Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:879. [PMID: 34577802 PMCID: PMC8470580 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is caused by abnormal proliferation of glial cells, which are found in the brain. The therapeutic effects of surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemo-therapy against GBM are relatively poor compared with their effects against other tumors. Luteolin is abundant in peanut shells and is also found in herbs and other plants, such as thyme, green pepper, and celery. Luteolin is known to be effective against obesity and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of luteolin have been investigated. Most studies have focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid. However, the association between the induction of apoptosis by luteolin in GBM and autophagy has not yet been investigated. This study thus aimed to confirm the occurrence of luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells and to assess their relationship. Materials and Methods: A172 and U-373MG glioblastoma cell lines were used for this experiment. We confirmed the apoptosis effect of Luteolin on GBM cells using methods such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry (FACS) western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: In the luteolin-treated A172 and U-373MG cells, cell viability decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, in A172 and U-373MG cells treated with luteolin at concentrations greater than 100 μM, nuclear fragmentation, which is a typical morphological change characterizing apoptosis, as well as fragmentation of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which are apoptosis-related factors, were observed. Autophagy was induced after treatment with at least 50 μM luteolin. Inhibition of autophagy using 3MA allowed for a low concentration of luteolin to more effectively induce apoptosis in A172 and U-373MG cells. Conclusions: Results showed that luteolin induces apoptosis and autophagy and that the luteolin-induced autophagy promotes cell survival. Therefore, an appropriate combination therapy involving luteolin and an autophagy inhibitor is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
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14
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Contribution of Apaf-1 to the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2021; 190:91-110. [PMID: 34298080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of apoptosis is associated with various pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders at one end of the spectrum and cancer at the other end. Generally speaking, differentiated cells like cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes and neurons exhibit low levels of Apaf-1 (Apoptotic protease activating factor 1) protein suggesting that down-regulation of Apaf-1 is an important event contributing to the resistance of these cells to apoptosis. Nonetheless, upregulation of Apaf-1 has not emerged as a common phenomenon in pathologies associated with enhanced neuronal cell death, i.e., neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, on the other hand, Apaf-1 downregulation is a common phenomenon, which occurs through various mechanisms including mRNA hyper-methylation, gene methylation, Apaf-1 localization in lipid rafts, inhibition by microRNAs, phosphorylation, and interaction with specific inhibitors. Due to the diversity of these mechanisms and involvement of other factors, defining the exact contribution of Apaf-1 to the development of cancer in general and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, is complicated. The current review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive image of Apaf-1's contribution to the pathologies observed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases with the emphasis on the therapeutic aspects of Apaf-1 as an important target in these pathologies.
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15
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Olig2 regulates p53-mediated apoptosis, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7778. [PMID: 33833342 PMCID: PMC8032681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a disease with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis; therefore, the need for targeted therapeutics is steadily increasing. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor2 (Olig2) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed in the central nervous system during embryonic development. Olig2 is overexpressed in various malignant cell lines such as lung carcinoma, glioma and melanoma. Olig2 is known as a key transcription factor that promotes tumor growth in malignant glioma. However, the role of Olig2 in melanoma is not well characterized. We analyzed the role of Olig2 in apoptosis, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. We confirmed that Olig2 was overexpressed in melanoma cells and tissues. Reduction of Olig2 increased apoptosis in melanoma cells by increasing p53 level and caspase-3/-7 enzyme activity. In addition, downregulation of Olig2 suppressed migration and invasion of melanoma cells by inhibiting EMT. Reduction of Olig2 inhibited expression of MMP-1 and the enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9 induced by TGF-β. Moreover, Olig2 was involved in the downstream stages of MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT, which are major signaling pathways in metastatic progression of melanoma. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the crucial roles of Olig2 in apoptosis, migration, and invasion of melanoma and may help to further our understanding of the relationship between Olig2 and melanoma progression.
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16
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Upadhyay P, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattacharya S, Ahir M, Adhikary A, Patra P. Silymarin-Loaded, Lactobionic Acid-Conjugated Porous PLGA Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7178-7192. [PMID: 35019376 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HepG2 cells (HCC), characterized by epithelial-like morphology, high proliferation rates, and nontumorigenicity, require cost-effective and efficient treatment. Silymarin, a flavonoid extract of Silybum marianum, is effective in the treatment of HCC. Here, we have reported a comparative anticancer study of the well-characterized nanoformulations of lactobionic acid-adorned porous PLGA-encapsulated silymarin (LA-PLGA-Sil) with only porous PLGA-encapsulated silymarin (PLGA-Sil) against HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with LA-PLGA-Sil produced a significant deterioration in cell viability at an essentially low dose as compared with PLGA-Sil, due to the adorned lactobionic acid moiety, which results in better targeting. p53, a tumor suppressor gene, essentially initiates apoptosis in cells procuring wild-type p53 (p53 +/+). In our report, treatment of HepG2 cells (p53 +/+) with LA-PLGA-Sil activated p53, which in turn inhibited the proliferation of cells by instigating cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and simultaneously stabilized the nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65. To explore the effect of LA-PLGA-Sil on the expression of microRNA, we observed that LA-PLGA-Sil markedly upregulated the miR-29b in human HCC cells. Reactivation of the p53 gene by miR-29b targeted Bcl-2 and triggered the sequential activation of mediators such as proapoptotic Bax protein, release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9). Furthermore, the overexpression of NFκB-p65 in HepG2 cells reversed the repression, and this stabilization effect of LA-PLGA-Sil on the nuclear translocation of p65 led to the significant downregulation of miR-29b and successively decreased the p53 expression in LA-PLGA-Sil-treated cells, thereby providing a survival mechanism to HepG2. In entirety, our study demonstrated the extensive potential of LA-PLGA-Sil to instigate the cell death of HepG2 cells via apoptosis by targeting the miR-29b/p53 axis through the stabilization of NFκB. It also impaired the migratory activity of HepG2 cells and thereby furnished a comprehensive way to HCC therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyay
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Mousumi Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Prasun Patra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Major Arterial Road (South-East), Action Area II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
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17
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Wen Y, Liu J, He H, Li SSC, Liu Z. Single-Cell Analysis of Signaling Proteins Provides Insights into Proapoptotic Properties of Anticancer Drugs. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12498-12508. [PMID: 32790289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell DNA analysis technology has provided unprecedented insights into many physiological and pathological processes. In contrast, technologies that allow protein analysis in single cells have lagged behind. Herein, a method called single-cell Plasmonic ImmunoSandwich Assay (scPISA) that is capable of measuring signaling proteins and protein complexes in single living cells is described. scPISA is straightforward, comprising specific in-cell extraction and ultrasensitive plasmonic detection. It is applied to evaluate the efficacy and kinetics of cytotoxic drugs. It reveals that different drugs exhibit distinct proapoptotic properties at the single-cell level. A set of new parameters is thus proposed for comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs. It discloses that metformin can dramatically enhance the overall anticancer efficacy when combined with actinomycin D, although it itself is significantly less effective. Furthermore, scPISA reveals that survivin interacts with cytochrome C and caspase-3 in a dynamic fashion in single cells during continuous drug treatment. As compared with conventional assays, scPISA exhibits several significant advantages, such as ultrahigh sensitivity, single-cell resolution, fast speed, and so on. Therefore, this approach may provide a powerful tool for wide, important applications from basic research to clinical applications, particularly precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Nawasreh MM, Alzyoud EI, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Yasin SR, Tahtamouni LH. Biological activity and apoptotic signaling pathway of C 11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues. Steroids 2020; 158:108602. [PMID: 32092307 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cephalostatin 1, a potent anti-cancer agent, is a natural bis-steroidal alkaloid that causes cell death in the subnanomolar to picomolar ranges via an atypical apoptosis pathway. Although cephalostatin 1 is a highly effective anticancer drug, its availability limits its utilization. We previously reported the synthesis of two 12'α-hydroxy derivatives of cephalostatin 1 that induce cell death by activating the ER stress apoptosis signaling pathway. For the current work, we synthesized six C11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues (CAs) to evaluate their biological activity. For the cytotoxic compounds, the induced apoptotic pathway was investigated. The C11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues 5 and 6 (CA5 and CA6) were found to exhibit cytotoxic activity against K-562 leukemia cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells and DU-145 prostate cancer cells, while the remaining four analogues did not show anti-tumor activities against any of the cell lines. Our results indicated that CA5 and CA6 induced cell death via the atypical ER-dependent apoptosis pathway; they increased the expression of Smac/DIABLO, an inhibitor of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), which in turn facilitated the activation of different caspases including the ER-caspase 4 without cytochrome c release from mitochondria. CA5 and CA6 are promising anticancer agents due to their low GI50, the remarkable apoptosis pathway they induce which can overcome chemoresistance, and their very low toxicity to normal cells making them cephalostatin 1 utilizable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour M Nawasreh
- Applied Sciences Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan
| | - Elham I Alzyoud
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zainab A Al-Mazaydeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Majdoleen S Rammaha
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Salem R Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, CO, USA.
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19
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Fullstone G, Bauer TL, Guttà C, Salvucci M, Prehn JHM, Rehm M. The apoptosome molecular timer synergises with XIAP to suppress apoptosis execution and contributes to prognosticating survival in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2828-2842. [PMID: 32341447 PMCID: PMC7493894 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The execution phase of apoptosis is a critical process in programmed cell death in response to a multitude of cellular stresses. A crucial component of this pathway is the apoptosome, a platform for the activation of pro-caspase 9 (PC9). Recent findings have shown that autocleavage of PC9 to Caspase 9 (C9) p35/p12 not only permits XIAP-mediated C9 inhibition but also temporally shuts down apoptosome activity, forming a molecular timer. In order to delineate the combined contributions of XIAP and the apoptosome molecular timer to apoptosis execution we utilised a systems modelling approach. We demonstrate that cooperative recruitment of PC9 to the apoptosome, based on existing PC9-apoptosome interaction data, is important for efficient formation of PC9 homodimers, autocatalytic cleavage and dual regulation by XIAP and the molecular timer across biologically relevant PC9 and APAF1 concentrations. Screening physiologically relevant concentration ranges of apoptotic proteins, we discovered that the molecular timer can prevent apoptosis execution in specific scenarios after complete or partial mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). Furthermore, its ability to prevent apoptosis is intricately tied to a synergistic combination with XIAP. Finally, we demonstrate that simulations of these processes are prognostic of survival in stage III colorectal cancer and that the molecular timer may promote apoptosis resistance in a subset of patients. Based on our findings, we postulate that the physiological function of the molecular timer is to aid XIAP in the shutdown of caspase-mediated apoptosis execution. This shutdown potentially facilitates switching to pro-inflammatory caspase-independent responses subsequent to Bax/Bak pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Fullstone
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, Nobelstraße 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tabea L Bauer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cristiano Guttà
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Centre Systems Biology, Nobelstraße 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,SimTech Cluster of Excellence, Pfaffenwaldring 5a, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Ortega OO, Lopez CF. Interactive Multiresolution Visualization of Cellular Network Processes. iScience 2019; 23:100748. [PMID: 31884165 PMCID: PMC6941861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualization plays a central role in the analysis of biochemical network models to identify patterns that arise from reaction dynamics and perform model exploratory analysis. To facilitate these analyses, we developed PyViPR, a visualization tool that generates static and dynamic representations of biochemical network processes within a Python-based environment. PyViPR embeds network visualizations within Jupyter notebooks, thus enabling integration with modeling, simulation, and analysis workflows. To present the capabilities of PyViPR, we explore execution mechanisms of extrinsic apoptosis in HeLa cells. We show that community-detection algorithms identify groups of molecular species that capture key biological functions and ease exploration of the apoptosis network. We then show how different kinetic parameter sets that fit the experimental data equally well exhibit significantly different signal-execution dynamics as the system progresses toward mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization. Therefore, PyViPR aids the conceptual understanding of dynamic network processes and accelerates hypothesis generation for further testing and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar O Ortega
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlos F Lopez
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Biochemistry Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Zhu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Han B. Bivalent SMAC Mimetics for Treating Cancer by Antagonizing Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1951-1962. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yi Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
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22
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Li YL, Gan XL, Zhu RP, Wang X, Liao DF, Jin J, Huang Z. Anticancer Activity of Platinum (II) Complex with 2-Benzoylpyridine by Induction of DNA Damage, S-Phase Arrest, and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:504-517. [PMID: 31721706 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191112114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome the disadvantages of cisplatin, numerous platinum (Pt) complexes have been prepared. However, the anticancer activity and mechanism of Pt(II) complexed with 2-benzoylpyridine [Pt(II)- Bpy]: [PtCl2(DMSO)L] (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, L = 2-benzoylpyridine) in cancer cells remain unknown. METHODS Pt(II)-Bpy was synthesized and characterized by spectrum analysis. Its anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms were demonstrated at the cellular, molecular, and in vivo levels. RESULTS Pt(II)-Bpy inhibited tumor cell growth, especially HepG2 human liver cancer cells, with a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration of 9.8±0.5μM, but with low toxicity in HL-7702 normal liver cells. Pt(II)- Bpy induced DNA damage, which was demonstrated through a marked increase in the expression of cleavedpoly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and gamma-H2A histone family member X and a decrease in PARP expression. The interaction of Pt(II)-Bpy with DNA at the molecular level was most likely through an intercalation mechanism, which might be evidence of DNA damage. Pt(II)-Bpy initiated cell cycle arrest at the S phase in HepG2 cells. It also caused severe loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential; a decrease in the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3; an increase in reactive oxygen species levels; the release of cytochrome c and apoptotic protease activation factor; and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HepG2 cells, which in turn resulted in apoptosis. Meanwhile, changes in p53 and related proteins were observed including the upregulation of p53, the phosphorylation of p53, p21, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein, and NOXA; and the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2. Moreover, Pt(II)-Bpy displayed marked inhibitory effects on tumor growth in the HepG2 nude mouse model. CONCLUSION Pt(II)-Bpy is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Li Gan
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Department of Emergency Traumatic Surgery, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
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23
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Khin PP, Po WW, Thein W, Sohn UD. Apoptotic effect of fluoxetine through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in the human gastric cancer cell line AGS. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:537-549. [PMID: 31707450 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death through various signaling pathways. This study was aimed to determine the mechanism of apoptotic cell death induced by FLX in AGS cells. MTT assay for cell viability test and colony forming assay was performed for detection of cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was conducted for protein expression. Increased fluorescence intensity and chromatin condensation were observed using DAPI staining. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by DCFDA assay. AGS cell proliferation was remarkedly inhibited by FLX in a dose-dependent manner starting at a concentration of 20 μM. The expression of death receptors was increased, which resulted in elevated expression of activated caspases and cleaved PARP, leading to FLX-induced apoptosis. Moreover, FLX significantly increased production of ROS, and N-acetyl cysteine, which scavenges ROS, attenuated the cytotoxic effects of FLX. In addition, treatment with FLX increased the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker, CHOP. P53 protein expression in AGS cells also decreased significantly with FLX treatment. Inhibition of ER stress significantly decreased the expressions of death receptor 5 (DR5), cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP, but not to control levels. FLX-induced apoptosis in AGS involved upregulation of death receptors, ROS generation, and activation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Khin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wah Wah Po
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wynn Thein
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Zhang TM. TRIAP1 Inhibition Activates the Cytochrome c/Apaf-1/Caspase-9 Signaling Pathway to Enhance Human Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Cisplatin. Chemotherapy 2019; 64:119-128. [PMID: 31661694 DOI: 10.1159/000501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether TRIAP1inhibition affects the ovarian cancer cell resistance to cisplatin (DDP) via the Cyt c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway by in vitro and in vivo experiments. METHODS CCK8 assay was performed to find out how treatment with both TRIAP1 siRNA and DDP affects the cell viability of SKOV3 cells and DDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3/DDP. SKOV3/DDP cells were transfected with control siRNA or TRIAP1 siRNA before 24 h of treatment with DDP (5 μg/mL). Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell apoptosis and Western blot to examine the expressions of Cyt c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway-related proteins. SKOV3/DDP cells transfected with control siRNA or TRIAP1 siRNA were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice followed by the intraperitoneal injection of DDP (4 mg/kg). Cyt c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway in transplanted tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TRIAP1 expression declined in SKOV3 cells when compared with SKOV3/DDP cells. The proliferation rate was lower in SKOV3/DDP cells transfected with TRIAP1 siRNA combined with treatment of DDP (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 μg/mL) than in those transfected with control siRNA. Moreover, the TRIAP1 siRNA group had an increased SKOV3/DDP cell apoptosis rate with the activation of the Cyt c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway. During DDP treatment, nude mice in TRIAP1 siRNA group had slower growth and smaller size of transplanted tumor than those in control siRNA group, with increased expression of Cyt c, Apaf-1, and caspase-9. CONCLUSION TRIAP1 inhibition may enhance the sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP cells to cisplatin via activation of the Cyt c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, YanTaiShan Hospital, YanTai City, China,
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25
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Sun CY, Zhang XP, Wang W. Coordination of miR-192 and miR-22 in p53-Mediated Cell Fate Decision. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194768. [PMID: 31561425 PMCID: PMC6801623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
p53-targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) markedly affect cellular response to DNA damage. These miRNAs may contribute to either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis induction. However, how these miRNAs coordinate to modulate the decision between cell survival and death remains less understood. Here, we developed an integrated model of p53 signaling network to investigate how p53-targeted miR-192 and miR-22 modulate cellular outcome in response to DNA damage. By numerical simulations, we found that p53 is activated progressively depending on the extent of DNA damage. Upon moderate damage, p53 rises to medium levels and induces miR-192 to promote its own activation, facilitating p21 induction and cell cycle arrest. Upon severe damage, p53 reaches high levels and is fully activated due to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induction. As a result, it transactivates miR-22 to repress p21 expression and activate E2F1, resulting in apoptosis. Therefore, miR-192 promotes primary activation of p53, while miR-22 promotes apoptosis by downregulating p21. This work may advance the understanding of the mechanism for cell fate decision between life and death by p53-inducible miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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26
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Matveeva A, Fichtner M, McAllister K, McCann C, Sturrock M, Longley DB, Prehn JHM. Heterogeneous responses to low level death receptor activation are explained by random molecular assembly of the Caspase-8 activation platform. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007374. [PMID: 31553717 PMCID: PMC6779275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding to death receptors activates apoptosis in cancer cells. Stimulation of death receptors results in the formation of intracellular multiprotein platforms that either activate the apoptotic initiator Caspase-8 to trigger cell death, or signal through kinases to initiate inflammatory and cell survival signalling. Two of these platforms, the Death-Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC) and the RIPoptosome, also initiate necroptosis by building filamentous scaffolds that lead to the activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase. To explain cell decision making downstream of death receptor activation, we developed a semi-stochastic model of DISC/RIPoptosome formation. The model is a hybrid of a direct Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm for slow assembly of the RIPoptosome and a deterministic model of downstream caspase activation. The model explains how alterations in the level of death receptor-ligand complexes, their clustering properties and intrinsic molecular fluctuations in RIPoptosome assembly drive heterogeneous dynamics of Caspase-8 activation. The model highlights how kinetic proofreading leads to heterogeneous cell responses and results in fractional cell killing at low levels of receptor stimulation. It reveals that the noise in Caspase-8 activation-exclusively caused by the stochastic molecular assembly of the DISC/RIPoptosome platform-has a key function in extrinsic apoptotic stimuli recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matveeva
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine McAllister
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McCann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Sturrock
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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27
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McComb S, Chan PK, Guinot A, Hartmannsdottir H, Jenni S, Dobay MP, Bourquin JP, Bornhauser BC. Efficient apoptosis requires feedback amplification of upstream apoptotic signals by effector caspase-3 or -7. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9433. [PMID: 31392262 PMCID: PMC6669006 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a complex multi-step process driven by caspase-dependent proteolytic cleavage cascades. Dysregulation of apoptosis promotes tumorigenesis and limits the efficacy of chemotherapy. To assess the complex interactions among caspases during apoptosis, we disrupted caspase-8, -9, -3, -7, or -6 and combinations thereof, using CRISPR-based genome editing in living human leukemia cells. While loss of apical initiator caspase-8 or -9 partially blocked extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis, respectively, only combined loss of caspase-3 and -7 fully inhibited both apoptotic pathways, with no discernible effect of caspase-6 deficiency alone or in combination. Caspase-3/7 double knockout cells exhibited almost complete inhibition of caspase-8 or -9 activation. Furthermore, deletion of caspase-3 and -7 decreased mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release upon apoptosis activation. Thus, activation of effector caspase-3 or -7 sets off explosive feedback amplification of upstream apoptotic events, which is a key feature of apoptotic signaling essential for efficient apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McComb
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pik Ki Chan
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Guinot
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Holmfridur Hartmannsdottir
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pamela Dobay
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- IQVIA Technology and Services AG Theaterstrasse 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat C. Bornhauser
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Kyriakou S, Mitsiogianni M, Mantso T, Cheung W, Todryk S, Veuger S, Pappa A, Tetard D, Panayiotidis MI. Anticancer activity of a novel methylated analogue of L-mimosine against an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:621-633. [PMID: 31240512 PMCID: PMC7211211 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of a series of novel synthesized, hydroxypyridone-based metal chelators (analogues of L-mimosine) was evaluated in an in vitro model of melanoma consisting of malignant melanoma (A375), non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and immortalized non-malignant keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. More specifically, we have demonstrated that the L-enantiomer of a methylated analogue of L-mimosine (compound 22) can exert a potent anticancer effect in A375 cells when compared to either A431 or HaCaT cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that this analogue has the ability to i) promote increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ii) activate both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and iii) induce perturbations in cell cycle growth arrest. Our data highlights the potential of compound 22 to act as a promising therapeutic agent against an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - David Tetard
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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29
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Genetic depletion of p53 attenuates cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Biochimie 2018; 158:53-61. [PMID: 30576773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, an addictive drug, is known to induce hepatotoxicity via oxidative damage and proapoptosis. Since p53, a tumor suppressor gene, plays a major role in inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, we examined the role of p53 inhibition against cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. Cocaine treatment significantly increased oxidative parameters (i.e., reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxylnonenal, and protein carbonyl) in the liver of wild type (WT) mice. We found that the pharmacological (i.e. pifithrin-α) and genetic (i.e. p53 knockout) inhibition of p53 significantly attenuates cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. Cocaine treatment increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the serum of mice, signifying hepatic damage. Consistently, these increases were attenuated by inhibition of p53, implying protection against cocaine-induced hepatic damage. In addition, cocaine treatment significantly increased PKCδ, cleaved PKCδ and p53 levels in the liver of WT mice. These increases were followed by the interaction between p53 and PKCδ, and pro-apoptotic consequences (i.e., cytosolic release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, increase in Bax level and decreases in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels). These changes were attenuated by p53 depletion, reflecting that the critical role of PKCδ in p53-mediated apoptotic potentials. Combined, our results suggest that the inhibition of p53 is important for protection against oxidative burdens, pro-apoptotic events, and hepatic degeneration induced by cocaine.
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30
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Yang T, Gao Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu X, Shi Y, Chen D. ASPP2 enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity through the down-regulation of XIAP expression in a p53 independent manner in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:769-774. [PMID: 30528232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis stimulated protein of p53-2 (ASPP2) induces the transcription of p53-targeted genes to stimulates its pro-apoptosis function. The poor chemotherapeutic sensitivity is associated with the decreased ASPP2 expression in many human cancers. Here, multiple genes real-time RT-PCR array and western blotting analysis show that ASPP2 suppress the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), determinant of chemoresistance in cancer, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a p53-independent manner. Further experiments with ASPP2-rAd and ASPP2-Lv confirmed that ASPP2 enhanced sensitivity of sorafenib to HCC via suppressing XIAP expression. XIAP mainly found on the cytoplasm and perinuclear areas of ASPP2 over-expressed HepG2 cells, while both cytoplasm and nucleus in ASPP2 shut down HepG2 cells. The association of poor sensitivity of sorafenib and XIAP expression was also found both in ASPP2 shut down and overexpress mice, where liver tissue with decreased or increased ASPP2 displayed less or more apoptosis, respectively. Finally, ASPP2 and XIAP expression analyzed in 43 hepatocellular carcinoma tumors and 44 adjacent normal tissues from 38 hepatocellular carcinoma patients for fully understand their expression within HCC patients. Compared with the tumor tissues, ASPP2 mRNA levels were increased, and XIAP levels decreased in the adjacent normal tissues. Taken together, XIAP suppressed ASPP2 increased tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy in a p53-independent manner, which was associated with chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that p53 activation and XIAP suppression were two independent ways that ASPP2 enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwang Yang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, 266003, China
| | - Yuxue Gao
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, 266003, China
| | - Daojie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haidian Maternal&Child Health Hospital, 100080, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, 266003, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, 266003, China.
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31
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Novel Rhodanine Derivative, 5-[4-(4-Fluorophenoxy) phenyl]methylene-3-{4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) propoxy]phenyl}-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone dihydrochloride, Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondria Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112895. [PMID: 30404185 PMCID: PMC6278386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 5-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenyl] methylene-3-{4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]phenyl}-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone dihydrochloride (KSK05104) has potent, selective and metabolically stable IKKβ inhibitory activities. However, the apoptosis-inducing of KSK05104 and its underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated in human colon cancer cells. We show that KSK05104 triggered apoptosis, as indicated by externalization of Annexin V-targeted phosphatidylserine residues in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells. KSK05104 induced the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). KSK05104-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk (a broad caspase inhibitor). KSK05104 also induced release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G (Endo G) by damaging mitochondria, resulting in caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. KSK05104 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and changed the intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i). Interestingly, treatment with KSK05104 activated not only ER stress marker proteins including inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha (IRE-1α) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), but also μ-calpain, and caspase-12 in a time-dependent manner. KSK05104-induced apoptosis substantially decreased in the presence of BAPTA/AM (an intracellular calcium chelator). Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress contribute to KSK05104-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
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32
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Vitvitsky V, Miljkovic JL, Bostelaar T, Adhikari B, Yadav PK, Steiger AK, Torregrossa R, Pluth MD, Whiteman M, Banerjee R, Filipovic MR. Cytochrome c Reduction by H 2S Potentiates Sulfide Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2300-2307. [PMID: 29966080 PMCID: PMC6450078 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gas that is toxic at high concentrations. It is eliminated by a dedicated mitochondrial sulfide oxidation pathway, which connects to the electron transfer chain at the level of complex III. Direct reduction of cytochrome c (Cyt C) by H2S has been reported previously but not characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that reduction of ferric Cyt C by H2S exhibits hysteretic behavior, which suggests the involvement of reactive sulfur species in the reduction process and is consistent with a reaction stoichiometry of 1.5 mol of Cyt C reduced/mol of H2S oxidized. H2S increases O2 consumption by human cells (HT29 and HepG2) treated with the complex III inhibitor antimycin A, which is consistent with the entry of sulfide-derived electrons at the level of complex IV. Cyt C-dependent H2S oxidation stimulated protein persulfidation in vitro, while silencing of Cyt C expression decreased mitochondrial protein persulfidation in a cell culture. Cyt C released during apoptosis was correlated with persulfidation of procaspase 9 and with loss of its activity. These results reveal a potential role for the electron transfer chain in general, and Cyt C in particular, for potentiating sulfide-based signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jan Lj. Miljkovic
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Trever Bostelaar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bikash Adhikari
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pramod K. Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrea K. Steiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | | | - Michael D. Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, U.K
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
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Wu F, Yao H, Zheng F, Tang S, Lin X, Li L, Zhou J, Li H. Protective effects of honokiol against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic signaling in mouse podocytes treated with H2O2. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1278-1284. [PMID: 30116378 PMCID: PMC6090302 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK), an important bioactive compound purified from Magnolia officinalis Cortex, has been demonstrated to have manifold beneficial anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antitumor pharmacological effects. In the present study, the association of HNK in the signaling mechanism associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis of cultured mouse podocytes was investigated. HNK did not cause significant changes in podocyte viability when its concentration remained below 20 µM. MTS assay and flow cytometry confirmed that H2O2 significantly enhanced the rates of apoptosis while produce significant reduction in viability of podocytes. Following 24 h of pre-treatment with different concentrations of HNK, the viability of adherent podocytes increased and apoptosis significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner below 20 µM. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot results indicated that HNK significantly decreased the expression of mRNA and cleaved protein of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in podocytes pre-treated with H2O2. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the signaling molecules protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 appeared to increase following HNK treatment. In conclusion, HNK largely eliminated the role of promoting podocyte apoptosis in an oxidative stress environment, which was a protective factor on podocytes cultured with H2O2. The anti-oxidative stress mechanisms of HNK are partly due to suppressing the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and upregulating phosphorylated-Akt and -Erk 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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黄 艳, 杨 天, 金 植, 王 娅, 叶 红, 高 琴, 李 正. [Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in mediating the effect of endomorphin-1 postconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:547-553. [PMID: 29891450 PMCID: PMC6743906 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in mediating the effect of endomorphine-1 postconditioning to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. METHODS Forty-five male SD rats were randomized equally for sham operation, myocardial IR injury, endomorphin-1 postconditioning, atractyloside (a MPTP opener) postconditioning, or endomorphin-1 + atractyloside postconditioning. The hemodynamic param-eters of the rats were monitored in real time via carotid artery cannulation to the left ventricle. After reperfusion, plasma samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The size of myocardial infarct area was detected using Evans blue and TTC double staining, and the myocardial expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS Myocardial IR injury resulted in significantly decreased heart rate and blood pressure in the rats (P<0.05). Compared with those in IR group, the rats with endomorphin-1 postconditioning showed significantly increased heart rate and blood pressure (P<0.05), lowered contents or activities of LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, IL-6, TNF-α, Cyt-C and MDA in the plasma (P<0.05), increased plasma SOD activity (P<0.05), reduced size of myocardial infarction, decreased myocardial expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein (P<0.05), and increased myocardial expression of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.05). All these changes induced by endomorphin-1 were obviously reversed by atractyloside postconditioning (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Endomorphin-1 postconditioning protects against myocardial IR injury in rats probably by inhibiting the opening of MPTP and reducing cardiac myocyte apoptosis via down-regulating cleaved caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 艳平 黄
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 天华 杨
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 植炎 金
- 苏州大学药学院, 江苏 苏州 215123Soochow University College of Pharmacy, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - 娅 王
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 红伟 叶
- 蚌埠医学院 科研中心, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 琴 高
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 蚌埠医学院 科研中心, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 正红 李
- 蚌埠医学院 生理教研室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Inhibition of miR-302 Suppresses Hypoxia-Reoxygenation-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Death by Regulating Mcl-1 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7968905. [PMID: 28491238 PMCID: PMC5405583 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7968905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and their expression influences cardiomyocyte apoptosis resulting from ischemia-induced myocardial infarction. Here, we determined the role of miR expression in cardiomyocyte apoptosis during hypoxia and reoxygenation. The rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 was incubated for 3 h in normal or hypoxia medium, followed by reoxygenation for 24 h and transfection with a miR-302 mimic or antagomir. The effect of miR-302 on myeloid leukemia cell-differentiation protein-1 (Mcl-1) expression was determined by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays, with cell viability assays. We observed that miR-302 expression was elevated by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and increased further or decreased by transfection of the miR-302 mimic or miR-302 antagomir, respectively. Additionally, elevated miR-302 levels increased apoptosis-related protein levels and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and luciferase reporter assays revealed miR-302 binding to the Mcl-1 mRNA 3' untranslated region. Our findings suggested that miR-302 overexpression aggravated hypoxia/reoxygenation-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting antiapoptotic Mcl-1 expression, thereby activating proapoptotic molecules. Furthermore, results indicating cardiomyocyte rescue from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury following treatment with miR-302 antagomir suggested that miR-302 inhibition might constitute a therapeutic strategy for protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.
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Yuan R, Zhu X, Wang G, Li S, Ao P. Cancer as robust intrinsic state shaped by evolution: a key issues review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:042701. [PMID: 28212112 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease: its pathology cannot be properly understood in terms of independent players-genes, proteins, molecular pathways, or their simple combinations. This is similar to many-body physics of a condensed phase that many important properties are not determined by a single atom or molecule. The rapidly accumulating large 'omics' data also require a new mechanistic and global underpinning to organize for rationalizing cancer complexity. A unifying and quantitative theory was proposed by some of the present authors that cancer is a robust state formed by the endogenous molecular-cellular network, which is evolutionarily built for the developmental processes and physiological functions. Cancer state is not optimized for the whole organism. The discovery of crucial players in cancer, together with their developmental and physiological roles, in turn, suggests the existence of a hierarchical structure within molecular biology systems. Such a structure enables a decision network to be constructed from experimental knowledge. By examining the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of the network, robust states corresponding to normal physiological and abnormal pathological phenotypes, including cancer, emerge naturally. The nonlinear dynamical model of the network leads to a more encompassing understanding than the prevailing linear-additive thinking in cancer research. So far, this theory has been applied to prostate, hepatocellular, gastric cancers and acute promyelocytic leukemia with initial success. It may offer an example of carrying physics inquiring spirit beyond its traditional domain: while quantitative approaches can address individual cases, however there must be general rules/laws to be discovered in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Velatooru LR, Baggu CB, Janapala VR. Spatane diterpinoid from the brown algae, Stoechospermum marginatum induces apoptosis via ROS induced mitochondrial mediated caspase dependent pathway in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2222-2235. [PMID: 26785383 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatane diterpinoids isolated from the brown marine algae Stoechospermum marginatum were known to have cytotoxic effects in human cancerous cell lines and murine melanoma cells; the underling apoptotic mechanism of diterpinoids still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of a spatane diterpinoid, 5(R), 19-diacetoxy-15,18(R and S), dihydro spata-13, 16(E)-diene (DDSD) was investigated mainly in B16F10 melanoma cells because they were most susceptible to DDSD than THP1, U937, COLO205, and HL60 cells. The treatment of B6F10 cells with DDSD resulted in morphological alterations, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which leads to cell growth inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Data indicate that DDSD induced the generation of ROS, consequentially caused alteration in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio that disrupted the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) resulting in cytochrome c redistribution to the cytoplasm and activation of caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway. Flow cytometric analysis clearly indicated that the DDSD inducing phosphatidylserine externalization and mediated "S-phase" arrest in cell cycle. In addition, results also found that DDSD induced apoptosis through deregulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The anti-tumor activity of DDSD was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 melanoma. It effectively inhibited tumor growth (volume and weight) in a dose dependent manner, yet without apparent toxic effects. Morphology and apoptotic status of tumor tissues in the treated mice were assessed by microscopy and TUNEL assay, respectively. Our study shows a therapeutic potential of DDSD for the treatment of malignant melanoma and a new source of anticancer drugs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka Reddy Velatooru
- Division of Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chinna Babu Baggu
- Division of Natural Product, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Duangprompo W, Aree K, Itharat A, Hansakul P. Effects of 5,6-Dihydroxy-2,4-Dimethoxy-9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1473-1490. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
5,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (HMP) is an active compound isolated from the rhizome extracts of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre, a Thai medicinal plant. This study aimed to investigate the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of HMP in human lung cancer A549 cells. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of HMP were analyzed by a Sulforhodamine B assay. Cell division, cell cycle distribution and membrane asymmetry changes were each performed with different fluorescent dyes and then analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect cell cycle- and apoptosis-related mRNA levels and proteins, respectively. The nuclear morphology of the cells stained with DAPI and DNA fragmentation were detected by fluorescence microscopy and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The results showed that HMP exerted strong antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities in A549 cells with the highest selectivity index. It halted the cell cycle in [Formula: see text]/M phase via down-regulation of the expression levels of regulatory proteins Cdc25C, Cdk1 and cyclinB1. In addition, HMP induced early apoptotic cells with externalized phosphatidylserine and subsequent apoptotic cells in sub-[Formula: see text] phase. HMP increased caspase-3 activity and levels of the cleaved (active) form of caspase-3 whose actions were supported by the cleavage of its target PARP, nuclear condensation and DNA apoptotic ladder. Moreover, HMP significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic Bax as well as promoted subsequent caspase-9 activation and BID cleavage, indicating HMP-induced apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These data support, for the first time, the potential role of HMP as a cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipada Duangprompo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Kalaya Aree
- Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand
| | - Pintusorn Hansakul
- Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongluang, Thailand
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Ganta KK, Mandal A, Chaubey B. Depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential is the initial event in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz induced cytotoxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:69-82. [PMID: 27639578 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and an active constituent of the highly active antiretroviral therapy regime. It has significantly contributed in control and management of human immunodeficiency virus propagation. However, EFV administration has also led to severe adverse effects, several reports highlighted the role of EFV in mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity but the molecular mechanism has been poorly understood. In present study, human hepatoma cells Huh 7.5 were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of EFV and parameters like cytotoxicity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, mitochondrial morphology, cytochrome c release, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, mtDNA and mtRNA levels and EFV distribution into mitochondrial compartment were evaluated to understand sequence of events leading to cell death in EFV-treated cells. EFV at its clinically relevant concentration was significantly toxic after 48 and 72 h of treatments. EFV-mediated toxicity is initiated with the permeabilization of mitochondrial outer membrane and change in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) which triggers a series of events like cytochrome c release, alteration in mitochondrial morphology and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Total mitochondrial content is reduced after 48 h of EFV treatment at IC50 concentration which is also reflected in reduced mitochondrial DNA and RNA levels. After detecting EFV in mitochondrial compartment after 12 h of incubation with EFV, we hypothesize that EFV being a lipophilic molecule is internalized into the mitochondrial compartment causing depolarization of Δψm which subsequently leads to a cascade of events causing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Ganta
- Functional Genomics Lab., Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Functional Genomics Lab., Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Functional Genomics Lab., Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India. .,Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
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Regulatory non-coding RNA: new instruments in the orchestration of cell death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2333. [PMID: 27512954 PMCID: PMC5108314 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) comprises a substantial portion of primary transcripts that are generated by genomic transcription, but are not translated into protein. The possible functions of these once considered ‘junk' molecules have incited considerable interest and new insights have emerged. The two major members of ncRNAs, namely micro RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), have important regulatory roles in gene expression and many important physiological processes, which has recently been extended to programmed cell death. The previous paradigm of programmed cell death only by apoptosis has recently expanded to include modalities of regulated necrosis (RN), and particularly necroptosis. However, most research efforts in this field have been on protein regulators, leaving the role of ncRNAs largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss important findings concerning miRNAs and lncRNAs that modulate apoptosis and RN pathways, as well as the miRNA–lncRNA interactions that affect cell death regulation.
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Macrophage Apoptosis Triggered by IpaD from Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1857-1865. [PMID: 27068089 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01483-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis, a potentially severe bacillary dysentery, is an infectious gastrointestinal disease caused by Shigella spp. Shigella invades the human colonic epithelium and avoids clearance by promoting apoptosis of resident immune cells in the gut. This process is dependent on the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), which injects effector proteins into target cells to alter their normal cellular functions. Invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) is a structural component that forms a complex at the tip of the T3SS apparatus needle. Recently, IpaD has also been shown to indirectly induce apoptosis in B lymphocytes. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity profile during macrophage infection by Shigella and discovered that the pathogen induces macrophage cell death independent of caspase-1. Our results demonstrate that IpaD triggers apoptosis in macrophages through activation of host caspases accompanied by mitochondrial disruption. Additionally, we found that the IpaD N-terminal domain is necessary for macrophage killing and SipD, a structural homologue from Salmonella, was found to promote similar cytotoxicity. Together, these findings indicate that IpaD is a contributing factor to macrophage cell death during Shigella infection.
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Graab U, Hahn H, Fulda S. Identification of a novel synthetic lethality of combined inhibition of hedgehog and PI3K signaling in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8722-35. [PMID: 25749378 PMCID: PMC4496179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that aberrant HH pathway activation confers a poor prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Searching for new treatment strategies we therefore targeted HH signaling. Here, we identify a novel synthetic lethality of concomitant inhibition of HH and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in RMS by GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT61 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI103. Synergistic drug interaction is confirmed by calculation of combination index (CI < 0.2). Similarly, genetic silencing of GLI1/2 significantly increases PI103-induced apoptosis. GANT61 and PI103 also synergize to induce apoptosis in cultured primary RMS cells emphasizing the clinical relevance of this combination. Importantly, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment suppresses clonogenic survival, three-dimensional sphere formation and tumor growth in an in vivo model of RMS. Mechanistic studies reveal that GANT61 and PI103 cooperate to trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, as demonstrated by several lines of evidence. First, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment increases mRNA and protein expression of NOXA and BMF, which is required for apoptosis, since knockdown of NOXA or BMF significantly reduces GANT61/PI103-induced apoptosis. Second, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment triggers BAK/BAX activation, which contributes to GANT61/PI103-mediated apoptosis, since knockdown of BAK provides protection. Third, ectopic expression of BCL-2 or non-degradable phospho-mutant MCL-1 significantly rescue GANT61/PI103-triggered apoptosis. Fourth, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment initiate activation of the caspase cascade via apoptosome-mediated cleavage of the initiator caspase-9, as indicated by changes in the cleavage pattern of caspases (e.g. accumulation of the caspase-9 p35 cleavage fragment) upon addition of the caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk. Thus, combined GLI1/2 and PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents a promising novel approach for synergistic apoptosis induction and tumor growth reduction with implications for new treatment strategies in RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Graab
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Pépin A, Espinasse MA, Latré de Laté P, Szely N, Pallardy M, Biola-Vidamment A. TSC-22 Promotes Interleukin-2-Deprivation Induced Apoptosis in T-Lymphocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1855-68. [PMID: 26752201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Originally described as a TGF-β-inducible gene, tsc-22 (Transforming growth factor-beta Stimulated Clone 22) encodes a transcriptional regulator affecting biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. Along with GILZ (Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper), TSC-22 belongs to the evolutionary conserved TSC-22 Domain family. We previously showed that, in T-lymphocytes, GILZ expression was induced upon IL-2 withdrawal, delaying apoptosis through down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM expression. The aim of this work was then to elucidate the respective roles of GILZ and TSC-22 upon IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. We report here that these two highly homologous genes are concomitantly expressed in most human tissues and in primary T-lymphocytes and that expression of TSC-22 promotes T-lymphocytes apoptosis by inhibiting GILZ functions. Indeed, we demonstrated that TSC-22 expression in the murine lymphoid CTLL-2 cell line promoted IL-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis. BIM expression and caspases-9 and -3 activities were markedly increased in TSC-22 expressing clones compared to control clones. Analysis of GILZ expression revealed that TSC-22 prevented the induction of the GILZ protein upon IL-2 deprivation, by inhibiting gilz mRNA transcription. These results suggested that TSC-22 could counteract the protective effect of GILZ on IL-2-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TSC-22-induced inhibition of GILZ expression was also found in CTLL-2 cells treated with glucocorticoids or TGF-β. In the human NKL cell line deprived of IL-2, TSC-22 showed the same effect and thus may represent a potent repressor of GILZ expression in IL-2-dependent cells, independently of the cell type, or the stimulus, leading to an increase of IL-2-deprived T-cells apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1855-1868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pépin
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marie-Alix Espinasse
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Perle Latré de Laté
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Natacha Szely
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR 996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
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Chen P, Wang B, Pan B, Guo W. Resveratrol-4‑O-D‑(2'-galloyl)-glucopyranoside exerts an anticancer effect on leukemia cells via inducing apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2281-6. [PMID: 26781500 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effects of resveratrol‑4‑O‑D-(2'‑galloyl)-glucopyranoside (REG) on leukemia and the mechanism underlying its effects. Three leukemia cell lines (HL‑60, Jurkat and U937) were used in this study. A Cell Counting kit‑8 assay was performed to evaluate the anti‑proliferative activity of REG on leukemia cell lines, and flow cytometric analysis was used to detect REG‑induced apoptosis. In addition, western blot analysis was conducted to detect the levels of apoptosis‑related proteins including, cytochrome c, cleaved (c)‑caspases‑3 and ‑9, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated protein x (Bax). Finally, a HL‑60 cell xenograft model in nude mice was used to evaluate the antitumor effect of REG on leukemia in vivo. The present results indicated that REG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HL‑60, Jurkat and U937 cell lines in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 38.4, 49.1 and 48.2 µg/ml for HL‑60, Jurkat and U937 cells, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that REG can induce the apoptosis of HL‑60 cells, as well as increase the levels of cytochrome c, c‑caspases‑3 and ‑9, and Bax, as well as downregulate the expression of Bcl‑2. In vivo, REG was found to possess a marked anticancer effect on leukemia. In combination, the present results indicated that REG exerts significant anticancer effects on leukemia in vivo and in vitro through the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Chakraborty D, Jain CK, Maity A, Ghosh S, Choudhury SR, Jha T, Majumder HK, Mondal NB. Chenopodium album metabolites act as dual topoisomerase inhibitors and induce apoptosis in the MCF7 cell line. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Desgalactotigonin and oleanolic acid 3-O-β-d-glucuronide were isolated from Chenopodium album and were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Chetan Kumar Jain
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Arindam Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Shekhar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Susanta Roy Choudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre & Research Institute
- Kolkata - 700 063
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Hemanta K. Majumder
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Nirup B. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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46
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Langlais C, Hughes MA, Cain K, MacFarlane M. Biochemical Analysis of Initiator Caspase-Activating Complexes: The Apoptosome and the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:pdb.top070326. [PMID: 26631130 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top070326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that can be initiated by activation of death receptors or perturbation of mitochondria causing the release of apoptogenic proteins. This results in the activation of caspases, which are responsible for many of the biochemical and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. Caspases are normally inactive and require activation in a cascade emanating from an "initiator" or activating caspase, which in turn activates a downstream or "effector" caspase. Activation of initiator caspases is tightly regulated and requires the assembly of caspase-9 (via mitochondrial perturbation) or caspase-8/10 (via death receptor ligation) activating complexes, which are termed the apoptosome and the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), respectively. These large multiprotein complexes can initially be separated according to size by gel filtration chromatography and subsequently analyzed by affinity purification or immunoprecipitation. The advantage of combining these techniques is one can first assess the assembly of individual components into a multiprotein complex, and then assess the size and composition of the native functional signaling platform within a particular cell type alongside a biochemical analysis of the enriched/purified complex. Here, we describe various methods currently used for characterization of the apoptosome and DISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Langlais
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Hughes
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Manna A, De Sarkar S, De S, Bauri AK, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee M. The variable chemotherapeutic response of Malabaricone-A in leukemic and solid tumor cell lines depends on the degree of redox imbalance. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:713-723. [PMID: 26141757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 'two-faced' character of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in cancer biology by acting as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades, enhancing cell proliferation and survival, thereby sustaining the oncogenic phenotype. Conversely, enhanced generation of ROS can trigger an oxidative assault leading to a redox imbalance translating into an apoptotic cell death. Intrinsically, cancer cells have higher basal levels of ROS which if supplemented by additional oxidative insult by pro-oxidants can be cytotoxic, an example being Malabaricone-A (MAL-A). MAL-A is a plant derived diarylnonanoid, purified from fruit rind of the plant Myristica malabarica whose anti-cancer activity has been demonstrated in leukemic cell lines, the modality of cell death being apoptosis. This study aimed to compare the degree of effectiveness of MAL-A in leukemic vs. solid tumor cell lines. METHODS The cytotoxicity of MAL-A was evaluated by the MTS-PMS cell viability assay in leukemic cell lines (MOLT3, K562 and HL-60) and compared with solid tumor cell lines (MCF7, A549 and HepG2); further studies then proceeded with MOLT3 vs. MCF7 and A549. The contribution of redox imbalance in MAL-A induced cytotoxicity was confirmed by pre-incubating cells with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or a thiol depletor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). MAL-A induced redox imbalance was quantitated by flow cytometry, by measuring the generation of ROS and levels of non protein thiols using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) respectively. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1) NQO1 and glutathione-S-transferase GST were measured spectrophotometrically. The mitochondrial involvement of MAL-A induced cell death was measured by evaluation of cardiolipin peroxidation using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), transition pore activity with calcein-AM, while the mitochondrial transmembrane electrochemical gradient (∆ψ(m)) was measured by JC-1, fluorescence being acquired in a flow cytometer. The apoptotic mode of cell death was evaluated by double staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity spectrophotometrically. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was examined by western blotting. RESULTS MAL-A demonstrated a higher degree of cytotoxicity in three leukemic cell lines whose IC50 ranged from 12.70 ± 0.10 to 18.10 ± 0.95 µg/ml, whereas in three solid tumor cell lines, the IC50 ranged from 28.10 ± 0.58 to 55.26 ± 5.90 µg/ml. This higher degree of cytotoxicity in MOLT3, a leukemic cell line was due to a higher induction of redox imbalance, evident by both an increased generation of ROS and concomitant depletion of thiols. This was confirmed by pre-incubation with NAC and BSO, wherein NAC decreased MAL-A induced cytotoxicity by 2.04 fold while BSO enhanced MAL-A cytotoxicity and decreased the IC50 by 5.60 fold. However, in solid tumor cell lines (MCF7 and A549), NAC minimally decreased MAL-A induced cytotoxicity, and BSO increased the IC50 by 1.96 and 2.39 fold respectively. Furthermore, the generation of ROS by MAL-A increased maximally in MOLT3 as the fluorescence increased from 44.28 ± 7.85 to 273.99 ± 32.78, and to a lesser degree in solid tumor cell lines, MCF7 (44.28 ± 14.89 to 207.97 ± 70.64) and A549 (37.87 ± 3.24 to 147.12 ± 38.53). In all three cell lines there was a concomitant depletion of thiols as in MOLT3, the GMFC decreased from 340.65 ± 60.39 to 62.67 ± 11.32, in MCF7 (277.82 ± 50.32 to 100.39 ± 31.93) and in A549 (274.05 ± 59.13 to 83.15 ± 21.43). In MOLT3 as compared to MCF7 and A549, decrease in the activities of GPx, CAT, NQO1 and GST was substantially greater. In all cell lines, the MAL-A induced redox imbalance translated into triggering of initial mitochondrial apoptotic events. Here again, MAL-A induced a higher degree of cardiolipin peroxidation in MOLT3 (67.01%) than MCF7 and A549 (29.15% and 44.30%), as also down regulated the mitochondrial transition pore activity from baseline to a higher extent, GMFC being 48.05 ± 2.37 to 10.70 ± 3.97 (MOLT3), 43.55 ± 3.36 to 15.36 ± 0.60 (MCF7) and 39.58 ± 0.4 to 12.65 ± 1.56 (A549). Perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential evident by a decrease in the ratio of red/green (J-aggregates/monomers) was 134 fold (14.73/0.11) in MOLT3, 45 fold in MCF7 (20.72/0.46) and 34 fold in A549 (22.01/0.64). The extent of apoptosis using a similar concentration of MAL-A was maximal in MOLT3, wherein a 105 fold increase in annexin V binding was evident (0.83 ± 0.51 to 87.08 ± 9.85%) whereas it increased by 43.11 fold in MCF7 (0.69 ± 0.30 to 29.75 ± 11.79%) and 47.52 fold in A549 (0.61 ± 0.31 to 28.99 ± 17.21%). MAL-A induced apoptosis was also associated with a higher degree of caspase-3 activity in MOLT3 vs. MCF7 or A549 which translated into halting of cell cycle progression, evident by an increment in the sub-G0/G1 population [19.26 fold in MOLT3 (0.95 ± 0.45 vs. 18.30 ± 1.90%), 11.01 fold in MCF7 (0.97 ± 0.37 vs. 10.68 ± 0.69%) and 8.58 fold in A549 (1.06 ± 0.45 vs. 9.10 ± 1.05%)]. MAL-A effectively inhibited Nrf2 and HO-1, more prominently in MOLT3. Furthermore, the decreased expression of Nrf2 in MOLT3 correlated with the decreased activities of NQO1 and GST, suggesting that targeting of the Nrf2 anti-oxidant pathway could be considered. CONCLUSION Taken together, MAL-A a pro-oxidant compound is likely to be more effective in leukemias, meriting further pharmacological consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alak Manna
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Soumita De
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Ajay K Bauri
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | | | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India .
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Chan CK, Supriady H, Goh BH, Kadir HA. Elephantopus scaber induces apoptosis through ROS-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:291-304. [PMID: 25861953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Elephantopus scaber also known as Elephant's foot (Asteraceae family) has a plethora of traditional applications including dysuria, diarrhea, dysentery, leukemia and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the apoptosis inducing effects of E. scaber and the underlying mechanisms in HCT116 colorectal cell line. METHODS The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 values on cancer cell lines by the ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Apoptosis was detected by cell morphologic observation through Hoechst 33342/PI dual staining, phosphatidylserine externalization by Annexin V/PI staining and DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay. The caspase activity, Bcl-2 family and p53 proteins were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The cleaved PARP protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis RESULTS The ethanol extract of E. scaber and its fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HCT116 and HT-29 cells and induced apoptosis. The E. scaber ethyl acetate fraction (ESEAF) was the most potent on HCT116 cell line with the IC50 value of 1.42 ± 0.10 µg/mL. The induction of apoptosis was marked by nuclear shrinkage accompanied with chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The results showed that ESEAF-induced apoptosis was associated with an upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, a compromised mitochondrial membrane potential and overproduction of ROS demonstrated the involvement of the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies further revealed that ESEAF caused the augmentation of the intracellular ROS, subsequently incited the increase in p53 protein expression and led to oligomerization of Bax, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases cascade (caspase-3/7 and -9) in a time-dependent manner. The attenuation of intracellular ROS level by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) preserved the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and rescued the cells from cell death. Furthermore, caspase cascade results in the cleavage of PARP which ultimately activated DNA fragmentation and eventually apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, cumulative evidences in this study suggest that ESEAF induces apoptosis through ROS-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway and holds potential therapeutic effect for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chim Kei Chan
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hadi Supriady
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Accorsi A, Zibaee A, Malagoli D. The multifaceted activity of insect caspases. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 76:17-23. [PMID: 25783954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are frequently considered synonymous with apoptotic cell death. Increasing evidence demonstrates that these proteases may exert their activities in non-apoptotic functions. The non-apoptotic roles of caspases may include developmentally regulated autophagy during insect metamorphosis, as well as neuroblast self-renewal and the immune response. Here, we summarize the established knowledge and the recent advances in the multiple roles of insect caspases to highlight their relevance for physiological processes and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Accorsi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - D Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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50
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Sun S, Sun M, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Waqas M, Yu H, He Y, Xu B, Wang L, Wang J, Yin S, Chai R, Li H. In vivo overexpression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein protects against neomycin-induced hair cell loss in the apical turn of the cochlea during the ototoxic-sensitive period. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:248. [PMID: 25278835 PMCID: PMC4166379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside-induced cochlear ototoxicity causes hair cell (HC) loss and results in hearing impairment in patients. Previous studies have developed the concept of an ototoxicity-sensitive period during which the cochleae of young mice are more vulnerable to auditory trauma than adults. Here, we compared neomycin-induced ototoxicity at the following four developmental ages in mice: postnatal day (P)1–P7, P8–P14, P15–P21, and P60–P66. We found that when neomycin was administered between P8 and P14, the auditory brainstem response threshold increase was significantly higher at low frequencies and HC loss was significantly greater in the apical turn of the cochlea compared to neomycin administration during the other age ranges. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data revealed that the expression of apoptotic markers, including Casp3 and Casp9, was significantly higher when neomycin was injected from P8 to P14, while the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) gene was significantly higher when neomycin was injected from P60 to P66. Because XIAP expression was low during the neomycin-sensitive period, we overexpressed XIAP in mice and found that it could protect against neomycin-induced hearing loss at low frequencies and HC loss in the apical turn of the cochlea. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a protective role for XIAP against neomycin-induced hearing loss and HC loss in the apical turn of the cochlea during the ototoxic-sensitive period, and suggest that apoptotic factors mediate the effect of neomycin during the ototoxic-sensitive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqian Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi He
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Anesthesiology Department, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institutions of Biomedical Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai, China ; Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institutions of Biomedical Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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