1
|
Kumar R, Kumar R, Goel H, Kumar S, Ningombam SS, Haider I, Agrawal U, Deo S, Gogia A, Batra A, Sharma A, Mathur S, Ranjan A, Chopra A, Hussain S, Tanwar P. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel variants of PIK3CA and validation of hotspot mutation by droplet digital PCR in breast cancer among Indian population. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:236. [PMID: 37821962 PMCID: PMC10568783 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with very high incidence and relatively high mortality in women. The PIK3CA gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of breast cancer. Despite this, the mutational status of all exons except exons 9 and 20 still remains unknown. METHODS This study uses the whole exome sequencing (WES) based approach to identify somatic PIK3CA mutations in Indian BC cohorts. The resultant hotspot mutations were validated by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to elucidate the conformational and functional effects of hotspot position on PIK3CA protein. RESULTS In our cohort, PIK3CA showed a 44.4% somatic mutation rate and was among the top mutated genes. The mutations of PIK3CA were confined in Exons 5, 9, 11, 18, and 20, whereas the maximum number of mutations lies within exons 9 and 20. A total of 9 variants were found in our study, of which 2 were novel mutations observed on exons 9 (p.H554L) and 11 (p.S629P). However, H1047R was the hotspot mutation at exon 20 (20%). In tumor tissues, there was a considerable difference between copy number of wild-type and H1047R mutant was detected by ddPCR. Significant structural and conformational changes were observed during MD simulation, induced due to point mutation at H1047R/L position. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a comprehensive view of novel as well as reported single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in PIK3CA gene associated with Indian breast cancer cases. The mutation status of H1047R/L could serve as a prognostic value in terms of selecting targeted therapy in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somorjit Singh Ningombam
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Imran Haider
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Svs Deo
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Batra
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Pan D, Li P, Wang D, Xia B, Zhang R, Lu J, Xing X, Du J, Zhang X, Jin L, Jiang L, Yao L, Li M, Wu J. Loss of ZBED6 Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Upregulating DOCK3-Mediated RAC1/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Pigs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302298. [PMID: 37551034 PMCID: PMC10582467 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced muscle atrophy often increases morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet neither therapeutic target nor optimal animal model is available for this disease. Here, by modifying the surgical strategy of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a novel sepsis pig model is created that for the first time recapitulates the whole course of sepsis in humans. With this model and sepsis patients, increased levels of the transcription factor zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) in skeletal muscle are shown. Protection against sepsis-induced muscle wasting in ZBED6-deficient pigs is further demonstrated. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq reveals dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) as the direct target of ZBED6. In septic ZBED6-deficient pigs, DOCK3 expression is increased in skeletal muscle and myocytes, activating the RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway and protecting against sepsis-induced muscle wasting. Conversely, opposite gene expression patterns and exacerbated muscle wasting are observed in septic ZBED6-overexpressing myotubes. Notably, sepsis patients show increased ZBED6 expression along with reduced DOCK3 and downregulated RAC1/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that ZBED6 is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced muscle atrophy, and the established sepsis pig model is a valuable tool for understanding sepsis pathogenesis and developing its therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalChengduSichuan610072China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityNo.569, Xinsi RoadXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing100193China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- Chengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co. LTDChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jiaxiang Du
- Chengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co. LTDChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing100193China
| | - Linong Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityNo.569, Xinsi RoadXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodgers SJ, Mitchell CA, Ooms LM. The mechanisms of class 1A PI3K and Wnt/β-catenin coupled signaling in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1459-1472. [PMID: 37471270 PMCID: PMC10586779 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The class IA PI3K signaling pathway is activated by growth factor stimulation and regulates a signaling cascade that promotes diverse events including cell growth, proliferation, migration and metabolism. PI3K signaling is one of the most commonly hyperactivated pathways in breast cancer, leading to increased tumor growth and progression. PI3K hyperactivation occurs via a number of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms including mutation or amplification of PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α subunit of PI3Kα, as well as via dysregulation of the upstream growth factor receptors or downstream signaling effectors. Over the past decade, extensive efforts to develop therapeutics that suppress oncogenic PI3K signaling have been undertaken. Although FDA-approved PI3K inhibitors are now emerging, their clinical success remains limited due to adverse effects and negative feedback mechanisms which contribute to their reduced efficacy. There is an emerging body of evidence demonstrating crosstalk between the PI3K and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in breast cancer. However, PI3K exhibits opposing effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in distinct tumor subsets, whereby PI3K promotes Wnt/β-catenin activation in ER+ cancers, but paradoxically suppresses this pathway in ER- breast cancers. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms for PI3K-Wnt crosstalk in breast cancer, and how Wnt-targeted therapies have the potential to contribute to treatment regimens for breast cancers with PI3K dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ooms
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bardwell AJ, Paul M, Yoneda KC, Andrade-Ludeña MD, Nguyen OT, Fruman DA, Bardwell L. The WW domain of IQGAP1 binds directly to the p110α catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase. Biochem J 2023; 480:BCJ20220493. [PMID: 37145016 PMCID: PMC10625650 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multi-domain cancer-associated protein that serves as a scaffold protein for multiple signaling pathways. Numerous binding partners have been found for the calponin homology, IQ and GAP-related domains in IQGAP1. Identification of a binding partner for its WW domain has proven elusive, however, even though a cell-penetrating peptide derived from this domain has marked anti-tumor activity. Here, using in vitro binding assays with human proteins and co-precipitation from human cells, we show that the WW domain of human IQGAP1 binds directly to the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In contrast, the WW domain does not bind to ERK1/2, MEK1/2, or the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K when p85α is expressed alone. However, the WW domain is able to bind to the p110α/p85α heterodimer when both subunits are co-expressed, as well as to the mutationally activated p110α/p65α heterodimer. We present a model of the structure of the IQGAP1 WW domain, and experimentally identify key residues in the hydrophobic core and beta strands of the WW domain that are required for binding to p110α. These findings contribute to a more precise understanding of IQGAP1-mediated scaffolding, and of how IQGAP1-derived therapeutic peptides might inhibit tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jane Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Madhuri Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kiku C. Yoneda
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - Oanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - David A. Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hall DCN, Benndorf RA. Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:393. [PMID: 35780223 PMCID: PMC9250486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin's prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C N Hall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Costamagna A, Natalini D, Camacho Leal MDP, Simoni M, Gozzelino L, Cappello P, Novelli F, Ambrogio C, Defilippi P, Turco E, Giovannetti E, Hirsch E, Cabodi S, Martini M. Docking Protein p130Cas Regulates Acinar to Ductal Metaplasia During Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Development and Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1242-1255.e11. [PMID: 34922945 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acinar to ductal metaplasia is the prerequisite for the initiation of Kras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and candidate genes regulating this process are emerging from genome-wide association studies. The adaptor protein p130Cas emerged as a potential PDAC susceptibility gene and a Kras-synthetic lethal interactor in pancreatic cell lines; however, its role in PDAC development has remained largely unknown. METHODS Human PDAC samples and murine KrasG12D-dependent pancreatic cancer models of increasing aggressiveness were used. p130Cas was conditionally ablated in pancreatic cancer models to investigate its role during Kras-induced tumorigenesis. RESULTS We found that high expression of p130Cas is frequently detected in PDAC and correlates with higher histologic grade and poor prognosis. In a model of Kras-driven PDAC, loss of p130Cas inhibits tumor development and potently extends median survival. Deletion of p130Cas suppresses acinar-derived tumorigenesis and progression by means of repressing PI3K-AKT signaling, even in the presence of a worsening condition like pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Our observations finally demonstrated that p130Cas acts downstream of Kras to boost the PI3K activity required for acinar to ductal metaplasia and subsequent tumor initiation. This demonstrates an unexpected driving role of p130Cas downstream of Kras through PI3K/AKT, thus indicating a rational therapeutic strategy of targeting the PI3K pathway in tumors with high expression of p130Cas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Costamagna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Dora Natalini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Del Pilar Camacho Leal
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Matilde Simoni
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Preclinical Models of Cancer Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Gozzelino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Emilia Turco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Laboratory, AIRC-Start-Up, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Miriam Martini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fluctuations in AKT and PTEN Activity Are Linked by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase cCBL. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112803. [PMID: 34831026 PMCID: PMC8616390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Poly-phosphoinositides (PIP3) regulate cell survival, division, and migration. Both PI3-kinase (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin-homolog in chromosome 10) control PIP3 levels, but the mechanisms connecting PI3-kinase and PTEN are unknown. Using non-transformed cells, the activation kinetics of PTEN and of the PIP3-effector AKT were examined after the addition of growth factors. Both epidermal growth factor and serum induced the early activation of AKT and the simultaneous inactivation of PTEN (at ~5 min). This PIP3/AKT peak was followed by a general reduction in AKT activity coincident with the recovery of PTEN phosphatase activity (at ~10–15 min). Subsequent AKT peaks and troughs followed. The fluctuation in AKT activity was linked to that of PTEN; PTEN reconstitution in PTEN-null cells restored AKT fluctuations, while PTEN depletion in control cells abrogated them. The analysis of PTEN activity fluctuations after the addition of growth factors showed its inactivation at ~5 min to be simultaneous with its transient ubiquitination, which was regulated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase cCBL (casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed cCBL to be brought into the proximity of PTEN in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner. These results reveal a mechanism for PI3-kinase/PTEN crosstalk and suggest that cCBL could be new target in strategies designed to modulate PTEN activity in cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi L, Bian Z, Kidder K, Liang H, Liu Y. Non-Lyn Src Family Kinases Activate SIRPα-SHP-1 to Inhibit PI3K-Akt2 and Dampen Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1419-1427. [PMID: 34348974 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage functional plasticity plays a central role in responding to proinflammatory stimuli. The molecular basis underlying the dynamic phenotypic activation of macrophages, however, remains incompletely understood. In this article, we report that SIRPα is a chief negative regulator of proinflammatory macrophage polarization. In response to TLR agonists, proinflammatory cytokines, or canonical M1 stimulation, Src family kinases (SFK) excluding Lyn phosphorylate SIRPα ITIMs, leading to the preferential recruitment and activation of SHP-1, but not SHP-2. Solely extracellular ligation of SIRPα by CD47 does not greatly induce phosphorylation of SIRPα ITIMs, but it enhances proinflammatory stimuli-induced SIRPα phosphorylation. Examination of downstream signaling elicited by IFN-γ and TLR3/4/9 agonists found that SIRPα-activated SHP-1 moderately represses STAT1, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling but markedly inhibits Akt2, resulting in dampened proinflammatory cytokine production and expression of Ag presentation machinery. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP-1 or deficiency of SIRPα conversely attenuates SIRPα-mediated inhibition and, as such, augments macrophage proinflammatory polarization that in turn exacerbates proinflammation in mouse models of type I diabetes and peritonitis. Our results reveal an SFK-SIRPα-SHP-1 mechanism that fine-tunes macrophage proinflammatory phenotypic activation via inhibition of PI3K-Akt2, which controls the transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokines, Ag presentation machinery, and other cellular programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhen Bian
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Koby Kidder
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated oncogene and a negative predictive factor for a number of targeted therapies. Therefore, the development of targeting strategies against mutant KRAS is urgently needed. One potential strategy involves disruption of K-Ras membrane localization, which is necessary for its proper function. In this review, we summarize the current data about the importance of membrane-anchorage of K-Ras and provide a critical evaluation of this targeting paradigm focusing mainly on prenylation inhibition. Additionally, we performed a RAS mutation-specific analysis of prenylation-related drug sensitivity data from a publicly available database (https://depmap.org/repurposing/) of three classes of prenylation inhibitors: statins, N-bisphosphonates, and farnesyl-transferase inhibitors. We observed significant differences in sensitivity to N-bisphosphonates and farnesyl-transferase inhibitors depending on KRAS mutational status and tissue of origin. These observations emphasize the importance of factors affecting efficacy of prenylation inhibition, like distinct features of different KRAS mutations, tissue-specific mutational patterns, K-Ras turnover, and changes in regulation of prenylation process. Finally, we enlist the factors that might be responsible for the large discrepancy between the outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies including methodological pitfalls, the incomplete understanding of K-Ras protein turnover, and the variation of KRAS dependency in KRAS mutant tumors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Class IA PI3K regulatory subunits: p110-independent roles and structures. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1397-1417. [PMID: 32677674 PMCID: PMC7458397 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a critical regulator of many cellular processes including cell survival, growth, proliferation and motility. Not surprisingly therefore, the PI3K pathway is one of the most frequently mutated pathways in human cancers. In addition to their canonical role as part of the PI3K holoenzyme, the class IA PI3K regulatory subunits undertake critical functions independent of PI3K. The PI3K regulatory subunits exist in excess over the p110 catalytic subunits and therefore free in the cell. p110-independent p85 is unstable and exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Two conformations of dimeric p85 have been reported that are mediated by N-terminal and C-terminal protein domain interactions, respectively. The role of p110-independent p85 is under investigation and it has been found to perform critical adaptor functions, sequestering or influencing compartmentalisation of key signalling proteins. Free p85 has roles in glucose homeostasis, cellular stress pathways, receptor trafficking and cell migration. As a regulator of fundamental pathways, the amount of p110-independent p85 in the cell is critical. Factors that influence the monomer-dimer equilibrium of p110-independent p85 offer additional control over this system, disruption to which likely results in disease. Here we review the current knowledge of the structure and functions of p110-independent class IA PI3K regulatory subunits.
Collapse
|
11
|
Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kiel C, Matallanas D, Kolch W. The Ins and Outs of RAS Effector Complexes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:236. [PMID: 33562401 PMCID: PMC7915224 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS oncogenes are among the most commonly mutated proteins in human cancers. They regulate a wide range of effector pathways that control cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and metabolic status. Including aberrations in these pathways, RAS-dependent signaling is altered in more than half of human cancers. Targeting mutant RAS proteins and their downstream oncogenic signaling pathways has been elusive. However, recent results comprising detailed molecular studies, large scale omics studies and computational modeling have painted a new and more comprehensive portrait of RAS signaling that helps us to understand the intricacies of RAS, how its physiological and pathophysiological functions are regulated, and how we can target them. Here, we review these efforts particularly trying to relate the detailed mechanistic studies with global functional studies. We highlight the importance of computational modeling and data integration to derive an actionable understanding of RAS signaling that will allow us to design new mechanism-based therapies for RAS mutated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (C.K.); (D.M.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miree O, Srivastava SK, Dasgupta S, Singh S, Rocconi R, Singh AP. Current and Futuristic Roadmap of Ovarian Cancer Management: An Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:1-19. [PMID: 34339027 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women worldwide. In most cases, it is diagnosed late at an advanced stage and does not respond well to existing therapies leading to its poor prognosis. In addition, other factors including epidemiological, complex histological diversity, multiple molecular alterations, and overlapping signaling pathways are also important contributors to poor disease outcome. Efforts have continued to develop a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and altered signaling nodes that provide hope for better clinical management through the development of novel approaches for early diagnosis, disease subtyping, prognosis, and therapy. In this chapter, we provide a detailed overview of OC and its histological subtypes and discuss prevalent molecular aberrations and active signaling pathways that drive OC progression. We also summarize various diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic approaches currently being employed and discuss emerging findings that hold the potential to change the future course of OC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlandric Miree
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Rodney Rocconi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA. .,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Discovery of novel quinazoline derivatives as potent PI3Kδ inhibitors with high selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112865. [PMID: 32987316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of PI3Kδ has been proved to be an efficacious strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies where the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is hyperactive. Herein, a series of quinazoline derivatives bearing acrylamide fragment were prepared using skeleton-deconstruction strategy. The preliminary bioactivity evaluation resulted in the discovery of lead compound 15c. Compound 15c exhibited excellent enzyme activity against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 27.5 nM) compared with BEZ235 as well as the significant anti-proliferation activities. With the high selectivity over other PI3K isoforms and potent effects on PI3K/Akt pathway, 15c can be identified as a promising PI3Kδ inhibitor worthy of further profiling.
Collapse
|
15
|
Marensi V, Keeshan KR, MacEwan DJ. Pharmacological impact of FLT3 mutations on receptor activity and responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114348. [PMID: 33242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature myeloid blast cells, resulting in a high mortality rate. The 5-year overall survival rate for AML patients is approximately 25%. Circa 35% of all patients carry a mutation in the FLT3 gene which have a poor prognosis. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has become a treatment strategy in AML patients possessing FLT3 mutations. The most common mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITD) within exon 14 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a point mutation in the D835 of the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Variations in the ITD sequence and the occurrence of other point mutations that lead to ligand-independent FLT3 receptor activation create difficulties in developing personalized therapeutic strategies to overcome observed mutation-driven drug resistance. Midostaurin and quizartinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with inhibitory efficacy against FLT3-ITD, but exhibit limited clinical impact. In this review, we focus on the structural aspects of the FLT3 receptor and correlate those mutations with receptor activation and the consequences for molecular and clinical responsiveness towards therapies targeting FLT3-ITD positive AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bhoopalan SV, Huang LJS, Weiss MJ. Erythropoietin regulation of red blood cell production: from bench to bedside and back. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-1153. [PMID: 32983414 PMCID: PMC7503180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26648.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years of efforts to identify the major cytokine responsible for red blood cell (RBC) production (erythropoiesis) led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977 and its receptor (EPOR) in 1989, followed by three decades of rich scientific discovery. We now know that an elaborate oxygen-sensing mechanism regulates the production of EPO, which in turn promotes the maturation and survival of erythroid progenitors. Engagement of the EPOR by EPO activates three interconnected signaling pathways that drive RBC production via diverse downstream effectors and simultaneously trigger negative feedback loops to suppress signaling activity. Together, the finely tuned mechanisms that drive endogenous EPO production and facilitate its downstream activities have evolved to maintain RBC levels in a narrow physiological range and to respond rapidly to erythropoietic stresses such as hypoxia or blood loss. Examination of these pathways has elucidated the genetics of numerous inherited and acquired disorders associated with deficient or excessive RBC production and generated valuable drugs to treat anemia, including recombinant human EPO and more recently the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which act partly by stimulating endogenous EPO synthesis. Ongoing structure-function studies of the EPOR and its essential partner, tyrosine kinase JAK2, suggest that it may be possible to generate new "designer" drugs that control selected subsets of cytokine receptor activities for therapeutic manipulation of hematopoiesis and treatment of blood cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Velan Bhoopalan
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lily Jun-shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS #355, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Insights into changes in binding affinity caused by disease mutations in protein-protein complexes. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
18
|
Shafei MA, Forshaw T, Davis J, Flemban A, Qualtrough D, Dean S, Perks C, Dong M, Newman R, Conway ME. BCATc modulates crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt and the Ras/ERK pathway regulating proliferation in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1971-1987. [PMID: 32523652 PMCID: PMC7260123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase (BCATc) protein has been found to be highly expressed in breast cancer subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), compared with normal breast tissue. The catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by BCATc leads to the production of glutamate and key metabolites which further drive the TCA cycle, important for cellular metabolism and growth. Upregulation of BCATc has been associated with increased cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and metastasis in several malignancies including breast, gliomas, ovarian and colorectal cancer but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As nutrient levels of BCAAs, substrates of BCATc, regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway we hypothesized that increased expression of BCATc would contribute to tumour cell growth through upregulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signalling pathway. This pathway is known to potentiate proliferation and metastasis of malignant cells through the activation of PI3K/Akt and the RAS/ERK signalling cascades. Here we show that knockdown of BCATc significantly reduced insulin and IGF-1-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. An analysis of this pathway showed that when overexpressed BCATc regulates proliferation through the PI3K/Akt axis, whilst simultaneously attenuating the Ras/Erk pathway indicating that BCATc acts as a conduit between these two pathways. This ultimately led to an increase in FOXO3a, a key regulator of cell proliferation and Nrf2, which mediates redox homeostasis. Together this data indicates that BCATc regulates TNBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the IGF-1/insulin PI3K/Akt pathway, culminating in the upregulation of FOXO3a and Nrf2, pointing to a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed Shafei
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas Forshaw
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Jasmine Davis
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Arwa Flemban
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - David Qualtrough
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dean
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Robert Newman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Myra Elizabeth Conway
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbor Lane, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Structurally novel PI3Kδ/γ dual inhibitors characterized by a seven-membered spirocyclic spacer: The SARs investigation and PK evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Schwartzberg LS, Vidal GA. Targeting PIK3CA Alterations in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: New Therapeutic Approaches and Practical Considerations. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e439-e449. [PMID: 32278641 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently dysregulated in human breast cancer. Approximately 30% of all patients with breast cancer will carry mutations of the PIK3CA gene, which encodes the PI3K catalytic subunit isoform p110α. Mutations in PIK3CA have been associated with resistance to endocrine therapy, HER2-directed therapy, and cytotoxic therapy. Early trials of pan-PI3K inhibitors showed little treatment benefit as monotherapy owing to disease resistance arising through enhanced estrogen receptor pathway signaling. Combining PI3K inhibition with endocrine therapy can help overcome resistance. Clinical trials of pan-PI3K inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy demonstrated modest clinical benefits but challenging toxicity profiles, facilitating the development of more selective PI3K-targeting agents. More recent trials of isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors in patients with PIK3CA mutations have shown promising clinical efficacy with a predictable, manageable safety profile. In the present review, we discuss the clinical relevance of mutations of PIK3CA and their potential use as a biomarker to guide treatment choices in patients with HR+ HER2- advanced breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Mastectomy
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Progression-Free Survival
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Collapse
|
21
|
Costa MC, de Barros Fernandes H, Gonçalves GKN, Santos APN, Ferreira GF, de Freitas GJC, do Carmo PHF, Hubner J, Emídio ECP, Santos JRA, Dos Santos JL, Dos Reis AM, Fagundes CT, da Silva AM, Santos DA. 17-β-Estradiol increases macrophage activity through activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor and improves the response of female mice to Cryptococcus gattii. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13179. [PMID: 32017324 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) is one of the agents of cryptococcosis, a severe systemic mycosis with a higher prevalence in men than women, but the influence of the female sex hormone, 17-β-estradiol (E2), on cryptococcosis remains unclear. Our study shows that female mice presented delayed mortality, increased neutrophil recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced fungal load after 24 hr of infection compared to male and ovariectomised female mice (OVX). E2 replacement restored OVX female survival. Female macrophages have more efficient fungicidal activity, which was increased by E2 and reversed by the antagonist of G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER), which negatively modulates PI3K activation. Furthermore, E2 induces a reduction in Cg cell diameter, cell charge, and antioxidant peroxidase activity. In conclusion, female mice present improved control of Cg infection, and GPER is important for E2 modulation of the female response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marliete C Costa
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gleisy K N Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson P N Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Campus Governador Valadares, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C de Freitas
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F do Carmo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jôsy Hubner
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elúzia C P Emídio
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adelina M Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M da Silva
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Johns EC, Denison FC, Reynolds RM. The impact of maternal obesity in pregnancy on placental glucocorticoid and macronutrient transport and metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165374. [PMID: 30684643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is the most common metabolic disturbance in pregnancy affecting >1 in 5 women in some countries. Babies born to obese women are heavier with more adiposity at birth, and are vulnerable to obesity and metabolic disease across the lifespan suggesting offspring health is 'programmed' by fetal exposure to an obese intra-uterine environment. The placenta plays a major role in dictating the impact of maternal health on prenatal development. Maternal obesity impacts the function of integral placental receptors and transporters for glucocorticoids and nutrients, key drivers of fetal growth, though mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review aims to summarise current knowledge in this area, and considers the impact of obesity on the epigenetic machinery of the placenta at this vital juncture in offspring development. Further research is required to advance understanding of these areas in the hope that the trans-generational cycle of obesity can be alleviated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johns
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona C Denison
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei M, Wu Y, Liu H, Xie C. Genipin Induces Autophagy and Suppresses Cell Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:395-405. [PMID: 32099325 PMCID: PMC6996293 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and it accounts for more than 90% of oral cancer. Due to high mortality, limitations of traditional treatment and many complications, new treatment methods are urgently needed. This study aimed to look into the effect of new potential anti-tumor drug, genipin, on OSCC treatment. Methods In vitro, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of genipin on SCC-9 and SCC-15 cell lines. Immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to investigate its mechanism. Xenograft tumor model was used to explore the role of genipin in vivo. Results We found that genipin suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the expression of p62 was down-regulated while Beclin1 and LC3II were up-regulated in SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly decreased LC3 (LC3II)+ puncta, but genipin rescuect 3d this reduction. Furthermore, genipin also reduced the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. In vivo experiment showed that genipin significantly curbed the tumor size and weight. The positive expression of Ki67 protein and number of apoptotic cells were increased. Conclusion Conclusively, this study implicated that genipin suppresses cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis, and is the first exploration showing that genipin induces OSCC cell autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MingBo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - YanLi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Xie
- Stomatology Center, Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2H-Benzo[e]-[1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide Derivatives as PI3Kδ Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234299. [PMID: 31775363 PMCID: PMC6930582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we applied the rotation-limiting strategy and introduced a substituent at the 3-position of the pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine as the affinity element to interact with the deeper hydrophobic pocket, discovered a series of novel quinazolinones as potent PI3Kδ inhibitors. Among them, the indole derivative 3 is one of the most selective PI3Kδ inhibitors and the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl derivative 4 is a potent and selective dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor. In this study, we replaced the carbonyl group in the quinazolinone core with a sulfonyl group, designed a series of novel 2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives as PI3Kδ inhibitors. After the reduction of nitro group in N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 5 and N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-nitro-5-fluorobenzenesulfonamide 6, the resulting 2-aminobenzenesulfonamides were reacted with trimethyl orthoacetate to give the 3-methyl-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives. After bromination of the 3-methyl group, the nucleophilic substitution with the 3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine provided the respective iodide derivatives, which were further reacted with a series of arylboronic acids via Suzuki coupling to furnish the 2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives 15a-J and 16a-d. In agreement with the quinazolinone derivatives, the introduction of a 5-indolyl or 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl at the affinity pocket generated the most potent analogues 15a and 15b with the IC50 values of 217 to 266 nM, respectively. In comparison with the quinazolinone lead compounds 3 and 4, these 2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives exhibited much decreased PI3Kδ inhibitory potency, but maintained the high selectivity over other PI3K isoforms. Unlike the quinazolinone lead compound 4 that was a dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor, the benzthiadiazine 1,1-dioxide 15b with the same 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl moiety was more than 21-fold selective over PI3Kγ. Moreover, the introducing of a fluorine atom at the 7-position of the 2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide core, in general, was not favored for the PI3Kδ inhibitory activity. In agreement with their high PI3Kδ selectivity, 15a and 15b significantly inhibited the SU-DHL-6 cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
25
|
The Expression of Key Guidance Genes at a Forebrain Axon Turning Point Is Maintained by Distinct Fgfr Isoforms but a Common Downstream Signal Transduction Mechanism. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0086-19. [PMID: 30993182 PMCID: PMC6464512 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0086-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During development the axons of neurons grow toward and locate their synaptic partners to form functional neural circuits. Axons do so by reading a map of guidance cues expressed by surrounding tissues. Guidance cues are expressed at a precise space and time, but how guidance cue expression is regulated, and in a coordinated manner, is poorly understood. Semaphorins (Semas) and Slits are families of molecular ligands that guide axons. We showed previously that fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling maintains sema3a and slit1 forebrain expression in Xenopus laevis, and these two repellents cooperate to guide retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons away from the mid-diencephalon and on towards the optic tectum. Here, we investigate whether there are common features of the regulatory pathways that control the expression of these two guidance cues at this single axon guidance decision point. We isolated the sema3a proximal promoter and confirmed its responsiveness to Fgf signaling. Through misexpression of truncated Fgf receptors (Fgfrs), we found that sema3a forebrain expression is dependent on Fgfr2-4 but not Fgfr1. This is in contrast to slit1, whose expression we showed previously depends on Fgfr1 but not Fgfr2-4. Using pharmacological inhibitors and misexpression of constitutively active (CA) and dominant negative (DN) signaling intermediates, we find that while distinct Fgfrs regulate these two guidance genes, intracellular signaling downstream of Fgfrs appears to converge along the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. A common PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may allow for the coordinated expression of guidance cues that cooperate to direct axons at a guidance choice point.
Collapse
|
26
|
Perturbation in cellular redox homeostasis: Decisive regulator of T cell mediated immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:449-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
27
|
Carrera AC, Anderson R. The cell biology behind the oncogenic PIP3 lipids. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/1/jcs228395. [PMID: 30602575 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The different mechanisms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in cancer as well as the events that result in PI3K pathway reactivation after patient treatment with PI3K inhibitors was discussed on October 15-17th, 2018, in the medieval town of Baeza (Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, Spain) at the workshop entitled 'The cell biology behind the oncogenic PIP3 lipids'. These topics and the data presented regarding cellular functions altered by PI3K deregulation, the cooperation of PI3K/PTEN mutations with other tumor drivers, and the lessons learned for PI3K-targeted therapy, are discussed below.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Richard Anderson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase PIK3CA/p110α and PIK3CB/p110β Isoforms in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123931. [PMID: 30544563 PMCID: PMC6321576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway is highly dysregulated in cancer, leading to elevated PI3K signalling and altered cellular processes that contribute to tumour development. The pathway is normally orchestrated by class I PI3K enzymes and negatively regulated by the phosphatase and tensin homologue, PTEN. Endometrial carcinomas harbour frequent alterations in components of the pathway, including changes in gene copy number and mutations, in particular in the oncogene PIK3CA, the gene encoding the PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, and the tumour suppressor PTEN. PIK3CB, encoding the other ubiquitously expressed class I isoform p110β, is less frequently altered but the few mutations identified to date are oncogenic. This isoform has received more research interest in recent years, particularly since PTEN-deficient tumours were found to be reliant on p110β activity to sustain transformation. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the common and distinct biochemical properties of the p110α and p110β isoforms, summarise their mutations and highlight how they are targeted in clinical trials in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsolakos N, Durrant TN, Chessa T, Suire SM, Oxley D, Kulkarni S, Downward J, Perisic O, Williams RL, Stephens L, Hawkins PT. Quantitation of class IA PI3Ks in mice reveals p110-free-p85s and isoform-selective subunit associations and recruitment to receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12176-12181. [PMID: 30442661 PMCID: PMC6275495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803446115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA PI3Ks have many roles in health and disease. The rules that govern intersubunit and receptor associations, however, remain unclear. We engineered mouse lines in which individual endogenous class IA PI3K subunits were C-terminally tagged with 17aa that could be biotinylated in vivo. Using these tools we quantified PI3K subunits in streptavidin or PDGFR pull-downs and cell lysates. This revealed that p85α and β bound equivalently to p110α or p110β but p85α bound preferentially to p110δ. p85s were found in molar-excess over p110s in a number of contexts including MEFs (p85β, 20%) and liver (p85α, 30%). In serum-starved MEFs, p110-free-p85s were preferentially, compared with heterodimeric p85s, bound to PDGFRs, consistent with in vitro assays that demonstrated they bound PDGFR-based tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides with higher affinity and co-operativity; suggesting they may act to tune a PI3K activation threshold. p110α-heterodimers were recruited 5-6× more efficiently than p110β-heterodimers to activated PDGFRs in MEFs or to PDGFR-based tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides in MEF-lysates. This suggests that PI3Kα has a higher affinity for relevant tyrosine-phosphorylated motifs than PI3Kβ. Nevertheless, PI3Kβ contributes substantially to acute PDGF-stimulation of PIP3 and PKB in MEFs because it is synergistically, and possibly sequentially, activated by receptor-recruitment and small GTPases (Rac/CDC42) via its RBD, whereas parallel activation of PI3Kα is independent of its RBD. These results begin to provide molecular clarity to the rules of engagement between class IA PI3K subunits in vivo and past work describing "excess p85," p85α as a tumor suppressor, and differential receptor activation of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Tsolakos
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T N Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Chessa
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S M Suire
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Oxley
- The Mass Spec Facility, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Kulkarni
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Downward
- The Oncogene Biology Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - O Perisic
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R L Williams
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Stephens
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - P T Hawkins
- The Signaling Department, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Klotho at the Edge of Alzheimer’s Disease and Senile Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1908-1920. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
31
|
Jung K, Kang H, Mehra R. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 31093356 PMCID: PMC6460806 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-018-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been changing rapidly due to growing proportion of HPV-related disease and development of new therapeutic agents. At the same time, there has been a constant need for individually tailored treatment based on genetic biomarkers in order to optimize patient survival and alleviate treatment-related toxicities. In this regard, aberrations of PI3K pathway have important clinical implications in the treatment of HNSCC. They frequently constitute ‘gain of function’ mutations which trigger oncogenesis, and PI3K mutations can also lead to emergence of drug resistance after treatment with EGFR inhibitors. In this article, we review PI3K pathway as a target of treatment for HNSCC and summarize PI3K/mTOR inhibitors that are currently under clinical trials. In light of recent advancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors, consideration of PI3K inhibitors as potential immune modulators is also suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsuk Jung
- 1Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Discovery of novel quinazolinone derivatives as high potent and selective PI3Kδ and PI3Kδ/γ inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
33
|
Avivar-Valderas A, McEwen R, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Carnevalli LS, Hardaker EL, Maresca M, Hudson K, Harrington EA, Cruzalegui F. Functional significance of co-occurring mutations in PIK3CA and MAP3K1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21444-21458. [PMID: 29765551 PMCID: PMC5940413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3Kα signaling pathway is frequently hyper-activated in breast cancer (BrCa), as a result of mutations/amplifications in oncogenes (e.g. HER2), decreased function in tumor suppressors (e.g. PTEN) or activating mutations in key components of the pathway. In particular, activating mutations of PIK3CA (~45%) are frequently found in luminal A BrCa samples. Genomic studies have uncovered inactivating mutations in MAP3K1 (13-20%) and MAP2K4 (~8%), two upstream kinases of the JNK apoptotic pathway in luminal A BrCa samples. Further, simultaneous mutation of PIK3CA and MAP3K1 are found in ~11% of mutant PIK3CA tumors. How these two alterations may cooperate to elicit tumorigenesis and impact the sensitivity to PI3K and AKT inhibitors is currently unknown. Using CRISPR gene editing we have genetically disrupted MAP3K1 expression in mutant PIK3CA cell lines to specifically create in vitro models reflecting the mutational status of PIK3CA and MAP3K1 in BrCa patients. MAP3K1 deficient cell lines exhibited ~2.4-fold increased proliferation rate and decreased sensitivity to PI3Kα/δ(AZD8835) and AKT (AZD5363) inhibitors (~2.61 and ~5.23-fold IC50 increases, respectively) compared with parental control cell lines. In addition, mechanistic analysis revealed that MAP3K1 disruption enhances AKT phosphorylation and downstream signaling and reduces sensitivity to AZD5363-mediated pathway inhibition. This appears to be a consequence of deficient MAP3K1-JNK signaling increasing IRS1 stability and therefore promoting IRS1 binding to p85, resulting in enhanced PI3Kα activity. Using 3D-MCF10A-PI3KαH1047R models, we found that MAP3K1 depletion increased overall acinar volume and counteracted AZD5363-mediated reduction of acinar growth due to enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy studies revealed that MAP3K1-deficient MCF7 tumors were less sensitive to AKT inhibitor treatment, compared with parental MCF7 tumors. Our study provides mechanistic and in vivo evidence indicating a role for MAP3K1 as a tumor suppressor gene at least in the context of PIK3CA-mutant backgrounds. Further, our work predicts that MAP3K1 mutational status may be considered as a predictive biomarker for efficacy in PI3K pathway inhibitor trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Avivar-Valderas
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: TiGenix, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert McEwen
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir Taheri-Ghahfarokhi
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marcello Maresca
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Hudson
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: 2TheNth, Adelphi Mill, Bollington, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: Pierre Fabre R&D Centre, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
An YM, Feng H, Zhang XZ, Cong X, Zhao Q, Wu LL, Dou D. Homocysteine ameliorates the endothelium-independent hypoxic vasoconstriction via the suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in porcine coronary arteries. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:178-183. [PMID: 28285136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelium-independent coronary vasoconstriction induced by continuous hypoxia contributes to the development of ischemic heart diseases. Acute elevation of homocysteine (Hcy) has a potent of vasodilation. The present study aims to investigate the role of Hcy in endothelium-independent hypoxic coronary vasoconstriction and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Vessel tension of isolated porcine coronary arteries was measured by organ chamber study and the protein expression were detected by western blot. A sustained contraction of porcine coronary artery was induced when exposed to prolonged hypoxia for more than 15 min, which was significantly reduced by Hcy in a dose-dependent manner but not affected by cysteine or N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC-p) at Ser19 was decreased when exposure to hypoxia for 15 min, and could be reversed by prolonged hypoxia for 30 and 60 min. The recovery of MLC-p at Ser19 by hypoxia for more than 30 min could be abolished by Hcy. The protein levels of phosphorylated Akt at Ser473 and phosphorylated P85 at Tyr508 were decreased by Hcy in normoxia, and were also reduced exposure to hypoxia for 15 min and then augmented by prolonged hypoxia for more than 30 min, which could be prevented by Hcy. The protein level of P110α was not affected by Hcy or prolonged hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Hcy can ameliorate the endothelium-independent hypoxic coronary vasoconstriction, in which the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming An
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Dou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Hao X, Shin Y, Bui M, Campuzano IDG, Cardozo M, Dunn MC, Duquette J, Fisher B, Foti RS, Henne K, He X, Hu YL, Kelly RC, Johnson MG, Lucas BS, McCarter J, McGee LR, Medina JC, Metz D, San Miguel T, Mohn D, Tran T, Vissinga C, Wannberg S, Whittington DA, Whoriskey J, Yu G, Zalameda L, Zhang X, Cushing TD. Discovery and in Vivo Evaluation of the Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-0687) and 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-5-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-1430). J Med Chem 2016; 59:7252-67. [PMID: 27411843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinoline, 4, led to the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors, 6a (AM-0687) and 7 (AM-1430). On the basis of their improved profile, these analogs were selected for in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy experiments in animal models of inflammation. The in vivo PD studies, which were carried out in a mouse pAKT inhibition animal model, confirmed the observed potency of 6a and 7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Efficacy experiments in a keyhole limpet hemocyanin model in rats demonstrated that administration of either 6a or 7 resulted in a strong dose-dependent reduction of IgG and IgM specific antibodies. The excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles of these analogs make them suitable for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaolin Hao
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Youngsook Shin
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Minna Bui
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Iain D G Campuzano
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mario Cardozo
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michelle C Dunn
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason Duquette
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Benjamin Fisher
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert S Foti
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kirk Henne
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yi-Ling Hu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ron C Kelly
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian S Lucas
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John McCarter
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lawrence R McGee
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Julio C Medina
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Daniela Metz
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tisha San Miguel
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deanna Mohn
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thuy Tran
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christine Vissinga
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sharon Wannberg
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas A Whittington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John Whoriskey
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Leeanne Zalameda
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xuxia Zhang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Timothy D Cushing
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, §Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, #Department of Inflammation Research, ⊥Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States.,Department of Therapeutic Discovery, ¶Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim Y, Cha S, Seo T. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway by viral interferon regulatory factor 2 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:650-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Shin Y, Suchomel J, Cardozo M, Duquette J, He X, Henne K, Hu YL, Kelly RC, McCarter J, McGee LR, Medina JC, Metz D, San Miguel T, Mohn D, Tran T, Vissinga C, Wong S, Wannberg S, Whittington DA, Whoriskey J, Yu G, Zalameda L, Zhang X, Cushing TD. Discovery, Optimization, and in Vivo Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives AM-8508 and AM-9635 as Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:431-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Department
of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Inhibition of Ras-mediated signaling pathways in CML stem cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:407-18. [PMID: 26458816 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein in cells with a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin. BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase activity leads to constitutive activation of Ras, which in turn acts as a branch point to initiate multiple downstream signaling pathways governing proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis. As aberrant regulation of these cellular processes causes transformation and disease progression particularly in advanced stages of CML, investigation of these signaling pathways may uncover new therapeutic targets for the selective eradication of CML stem cells. Transcription factors play a crucial role in unbalancing the Ras signaling network and have recently been investigated as potential modulators in this regard. In this review, we first briefly summarize the Ras-associated molecular pathways that are involved in the regulation of CML stem cell properties. Next we discuss the relevance of Ras-associated transcription factors as nuclear targets in combination treatment strategies for CML. CONCLUSIONS A closer investigation of the influence of Ras-mediated signaling pathways on CML progression to blast crisis is warranted to uncover new directions for targeted therapies, particularly in cases that are resistant to current tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fan L, Wang X, Zhang D, Duan X, Zhao C, Zu M, Meng X, Zhang C, Su XT, Wang MX, Wang WH, Gu R. Vasopressin-induced stimulation of the Na(+)-activated K(+) channels is responsible for maintaining the basolateral K(+) conductance of the thick ascending limb (TAL) in EAST/SeSAME syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2554-62. [PMID: 26319417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The renal phenotype of EAST syndrome, a disease caused by the loss-of-function-mutations of Kcnj10 (Kir4.1), is a reminiscence of Gitelman's syndrome characterized by the defective function in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The aim of the present study is to test whether antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)-induced stimulation of the Na(+)-activated 80-150pS K(+) channel is responsible for compensating the lost function of Kcnj10 in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of subjects with EAST syndrome. Immunostaining and western blot showed that the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) was significantly higher in Kcnj10(-/-) mice than those of WT littermates, suggesting that the disruption of Kcnj10 stimulates vasopressin response in the kidney. The role of vasopressin in stimulating the basolateral K(+) conductance of the TAL was strongly indicated by the finding that the application of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) hyperpolarized the membrane in the TAL of Kcnj10(-/-) mice. Application of AVP significantly stimulated the 80-150pS K(+) channel in the TAL and this effect was blocked by tolvaptan (V2 receptor antagonist) or by inhibiting PKA. Moreover, the water restriction for 24h significantly increased the probability of finding the 80-150pS K(+) channel and the K(+) channel open probability in the TAL. The application of a membrane permeable cAMP analog also mimicked the effect of AVP and activated this K(+) channel, suggesting that cAMP-PKA pathway stimulates the 80-150pS K(+) channels. The role of the basolateral K(+) conductance in maintaining transcellular Cl(-) transport is further suggested by the finding that the inhibition of basolateral K(+) channels significantly diminished the AVP-induced stimulation of the basolateral 10pS Cl(-) channels. We conclude that vasopressin stimulates the 80-150pS K(+) channel in the TAL via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. The vasopressin-induced stimulation of K(+) channels is responsible for compensating lost function of Kcnj10 thereby rescuing the basolateral K(+) conductance which is essential for the transport function in the TAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fan
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinpeng Duan
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlei Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxue Zu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengbiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Xiao-Tong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Ming-Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States.
| | - Ruimin Gu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mounayar M, Kefaloyianni E, Smith B, Solhjou Z, Maarouf OH, Azzi J, Chabtini L, Fiorina P, Kraus M, Briddell R, Fodor W, Herrlich A, Abdi R. PI3kα and STAT1 Interplay Regulates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immune Polarization. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1892-901. [PMID: 25753288 PMCID: PMC4976699 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for their use in therapeutic applications. MSC response to specific inflammatory cues allows them to switch between a proinflammatory (MSC1) or anti-inflammatory (MSC2) phenotype. Regulatory mechanisms controlling this switch remain to be defined. One characteristic feature of MSC2 is their ability to respond to IFNγ with induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), representing the key immunoregulatory molecule released by human MSC. Here, we show that STAT1 and PI3Kα pathways interplay regulates IFNγ-induced IDO production in MSC. Chemical phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pan-inhibition, PI3Kα-specific inhibition or shRNA knockdown diminished IFNγ-induced IDO production. This effect involved PI3Kα-mediated upregulation of STAT1 protein levels and phosphorylation at Ser727. Overexpression of STAT1 or of a constitutively active PI3Kα mutant failed to induce basal IDO production, but shifted MSC into an MSC2-like phenotype by strongly enhancing IDO production in response to IFNγ as compared to controls. STAT1 overexpression strongly enhanced MSC-mediated T-cell suppression. The same effect could be induced using short-term pretreatment of MSC with a chemical inhibitor of the counter player of PI3K, phosphatase and tensin homolog. Finally, downregulation of STAT1 abrogated the immunosuppressive capacity of MSC. Our results for the first time identify critical upstream signals for the induced production of IDO in MSCs that could be manipulated therapeutically to enhance their immunosuppressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mounayar
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhabiz Solhjou
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omar H. Maarouf
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lola Chabtini
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Morey Kraus
- Viacord LLC, A PerkinElmer Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Briddell
- ViaCord Processing Lab, ViaCord LLC, A PerkinElmer Company, Hebron, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Andreas Herrlich
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular mechanisms and functional implications of polarized actin remodeling at the T cell immunological synapse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:537-556. [PMID: 25355055 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transient,specialized cell-cell interactions play a central role in leukocyte function by enabling specific intercellular communication in the context of a highly dynamic systems level response. The dramatic structural changes required for the formation of these contacts are driven by rapid and precise cytoskeletal remodeling events. In recent years, the immunological synapse that forms between a T lymphocyte and its antigen-presenting target cell has emerged as an important model system for understanding immune cell interactions. In this review, we discuss how regulators of the cortical actin cytoskeleton control synaptic architecture and in this way specify T cell function.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jabbour E, Ottmann OG, Deininger M, Hochhaus A. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in hematologic malignancies. Haematologica 2014; 99:7-18. [PMID: 24425689 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway represents an important anticancer target because it has been implicated in cancer cell growth, survival, and motility. Recent studies show that PI3K may also play a role in the development of resistance to currently available therapies. In a broad range of cancers, various components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling axis are genetically modified, and the pathway can be activated through many different mechanisms. The frequency of genetic alterations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, coupled with the impact in oncogenesis and disease progression, make this signaling axis an attractive target in anticancer therapy. A better understanding of the critical function of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in leukemias and lymphomas has led to the clinical evaluation of novel rationally designed inhibitors in this setting. Three main categories of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors have been developed so far: agents that target phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (dual inhibitors), pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors that target all class I isoforms, and isoform-specific inhibitors that selectively target the α, -β, -γ, or -δ isoforms. Emerging data highlight the promise of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors in combination with other therapies for the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies. Further evaluation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors in first-line or subsequent regimens may improve clinical outcomes. This article reviews the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in hematologic malignancies and the potential clinical utility of inhibitors that target this pathway.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zou Z, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu H, Li Z, Cheng D, Chen J, Liu L, Ni M, Zhang Y, Yao J, Zhou J, Fu J, Liang Y. 3-Methyladenine can depress drug efflux transporters via blocking the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway thus sensitizing MDR cancer to chemotherapy. J Drug Target 2014; 22:839-48. [PMID: 25019701 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.936870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) cancer is an intractable problem. Over-expression of drug efflux transporters such as ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 contributes to it, by which they pump drugs out of cells, and result in the decrease in the efficacy of chemotherapy. To reverse the cancer MDR, we used 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment on taxol or doxorubicin stressed MDR cell lines A2780DX5 and SGC7091R and xeno-tumor implanted mice. The results indicate that ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 were depressed, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was blocked. Moreover, using FITC-labeled taxol as the indicator, we observed that the drug accumulation was enhanced in MDR cells and more cells were killed after 3-MA administration. Thus suggesting that 3-MA can reverse cancer MDR via depressing agent-efflux transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Zou
- Institute of Tumor, Medical School, Taizhou University , Taizhou , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Cell activation-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha/beta dimerization regulates PTEN activity. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3359-73. [PMID: 24958106 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00167-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) pathway is one of the central routes that enhances cell survival, division, and migration, and it is frequently deregulated in cancer. PI3K catalyzes formation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] after cell activation; PTEN subsequently reduces these lipids to basal levels. Activation of the ubiquitous p110α isoform precedes that of p110β at several points during the cell cycle. We studied the potential connections between p110α and p110β activation, and we show that cell stimulation promotes p110α and p110β association, demonstrating oligomerization of PI3K catalytic subunits within cells. Cell stimulation also promoted PTEN incorporation into this complex, which was necessary for PTEN activation. Our results show that PI3Ks dimerize in vivo and that PI3K and PTEN activities modulate each other in a complex that controls cell PI(3,4,5)P3 levels.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mansuri ML, Parihar P, Solanki I, Parihar MS. Flavonoids in modulation of cell survival signalling pathways. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:400. [PMID: 24682883 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a family of polyphenols, generally found in various fruits and vegetables, as well as in many plant beverages such as tea, pomegranate juice, raspberry, blueberries, and red wine. Recently, studies on flavonoids have attracted scientific attention as a potential nutritional strategy to prevent a broad range of chronic disorders. Many studies suggest that consumption of these flavonoids in sufficient amount plays neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive roles. While there has been a major focus on the antioxidant properties, there is an emerging view that flavonoids and their in vivo metabolites do not act only as conventional antioxidants but may also exert modulatory actions on cellular system through direct action on various signalling pathways. These pathways include phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tyrosine kinases, and protein kinase C. Various inhibitory or stimulatory actions of flavonoids on these pathways greatly affect cellular functions by altering the phosphorylation state of targeted molecules. In addition, flavonoids also modulate various gene expressions through activation of various transcription factors. Thus, the present review will bestow a breathing overview regarding the prime role of flavonoids in modulation of survival signalling pathways at cellular system.
Collapse
|
48
|
Le Floc'h A, Tanaka Y, Bantilan NS, Voisinne G, Altan-Bonnet G, Fukui Y, Huse M. Annular PIP3 accumulation controls actin architecture and modulates cytotoxicity at the immunological synapse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2721-37. [PMID: 24190432 PMCID: PMC3832928 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In T cells, PI3K activation in the periphery of the immune synapse leads to PIP3 accumulation that promotes actin polymerization in a pathway important for cytotoxic function. The immunological synapse formed by a T lymphocyte on the surface of a target cell contains a peripheral ring of filamentous actin (F-actin) that promotes adhesion and facilitates the directional secretion of cytokines and cytolytic factors. We show that growth and maintenance of this F-actin ring is dictated by the annular accumulation of phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3) in the synaptic membrane. PIP3 functions in this context by recruiting the exchange factor Dock2 to the periphery of the synapse, where it drives actin polymerization through the Rho-family GTPase Rac. We also show that synaptic PIP3 is generated by class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases that associate with T cell receptor microclusters and are activated by the GTPase Ras. Perturbations that inhibit or promote PIP3-dependent F-actin remodeling dramatically affect T cell cytotoxicity, demonstrating the functional importance of this pathway. These results reveal how T cells use lipid-based signaling to control synaptic architecture and modulate effector responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Floc'h
- Immunology Program, 2 Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu N, Rowley BR, Bull CO, Schneider C, Haegebarth A, Schatz CA, Fracasso PR, Wilkie DP, Hentemann M, Wilhelm SM, Scott WJ, Mumberg D, Ziegelbauer K. BAY 80-6946 is a highly selective intravenous PI3K inhibitor with potent p110α and p110δ activities in tumor cell lines and xenograft models. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2319-30. [PMID: 24170767 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0993-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of the complexity derived from the existence of various phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms and their differential roles in cancers, development of PI3K inhibitors with differential pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profiles would allow best exploration in different indications, combinations, and dosing regimens. Here, we report BAY 80-6946, a highly selective and potent pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with sub-nanomolar IC50s against PI3Kα and PI3Kδ. BAY 80-6946 exhibited preferential inhibition (about 10-fold) of AKT phosphorylation by PI3Kα compared with PI3Kβ in cells. BAY 80-6946 showed superior antitumor activity (>40-fold) in PIK3CA mutant and/or HER2 overexpression as compared with HER2-negative and wild-type PIK3CA breast cancer cell lines. In addition, BAY 80-6946 revealed potent activity to induce apoptosis in a subset of tumor cells with aberrant activation of PI3K as a single agent. In vivo, single intravenous administration of BAY 80-6946 exhibited higher exposure and prolonged inhibition of pAKT levels in tumors versus plasma. BAY 80-6946 is efficacious in tumors with activated PI3K when dosed either continuously or intermittently. Thus, BAY 80-6946 induced 100% complete tumor regression when dosed as a single agent every second day in rats bearing HER2-amplified and PIK3CA-mutated KPL4 breast tumors. In combination with paclitaxel, weekly dosing of BAY 80-6946 is sufficient to reach sustained response in all animals bearing patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenografts, despite a short plasma elimination half-life (1 hour) in mice. Thus, BAY 80-6946 is a promising agent with differential pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties for the treatment of PI3K-dependent human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningshu Liu
- Corresponding Author: Ningshu Liu, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstr 178, Berlin 13342, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tzenaki N, Papakonstanti EA. p110δ PI3 kinase pathway: emerging roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:40. [PMID: 23459844 PMCID: PMC3585436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA PI3Ks consists of three isoforms of the p110 catalytic subunit designated p110α, p110β, and p110δ which are encoded by three separate genes. Gain-of-function mutations on PIK3CA gene encoding for p110α isoform have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers whereas no somatic mutations of genes encoding for p110β or p110δ have been reported. Unlike p110α and p110β which are ubiquitously expressed, p110δ is highly enriched in leukocytes and thus the p110δ PI3K pathway has attracted more attention for its involvement in immune disorders. However, findings have been accumulated showing that the p110δ PI3K plays a seminal role in the development and progression of some hematologic malignancies. A wealth of knowledge has come from studies showing the central role of p110δ PI3K in B-cell functions and B-cell malignancies. Further data have documented that wild-type p110δ becomes oncogenic when overexpressed in cell culture models and that p110δ is the predominant isoform expressed in some human solid tumor cells playing a prominent role in these cells. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in mice models and highly-selective inhibitors of p110δ have demonstrated an important role of this isoform in differentiation, growth, survival, motility, and morphology with the inositol phosphatase PTEN to play a critical role in p110δ signaling. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the p110δ PI3K signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells and malignancies, we highlight the evidence showing the oncogenic potential of p110δ in cells of non-hematopoietic origin and we discuss perspectives for potential novel roles of p110δ PI3K in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|