1
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Na J, Zhang L, Zheng L, Jiang J, Shi Q, Li C, Fan Y. Static magnetic field regulates proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by MAPK pathway. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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2
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Taurine Chloramine Inhibits Leukocyte Migration by Suppressing Actin Polymerization and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:51-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Samson SC, Khan AM, Mendoza MC. ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:998475. [PMID: 36262472 PMCID: PMC9573968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS-ERK) pathway plays a conserved role in promoting cell migration and invasion. Growth factors, adhesion, and oncogenes activate ERK. While historically studied with respect to its control of cell proliferation and differentiation, the signaling pattern and effectors specific for cell migration are now coming to light. New advances in pathway probes have revealed how steady-state ERK activity fluctuates within individual cells and propagates to neighboring cells. We review new findings on the different modes of ERK pathway stimulation and how an increased baseline level of activity promotes single cell and collective migration and invasion. We discuss how ERK drives actin polymerization and adhesion turnover for edge protrusion and how cell contraction stimulates cell movement and ERK activity waves in epithelial sheets. With the steady development of new biosensors for monitoring spatial and temporal ERK activity, determining how cells individually interpret the multiple in vivo signals to ERK is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela C Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Akib M Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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4
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Vaibavi SR, Sivasubramaniapandian M, Vaippully R, Edwina P, Roy B, Bajpai SK. Calcium-channel-blockers exhibit divergent regulation of cancer extravasation through the mechanical properties of cancer cells and underlying vascular endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 80:171-190. [PMID: 34643835 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cancer illnesses often co-exist, share pathological pathways, and complicate therapy. In the context of the potential oncological role of cardiovascular-antihypertensive drugs (AHD), here we examine the role of calcium-channel blocking drugs on mechanics of extravasating cancer cells, choosing two clinically-approved calcium-channel blockers (CCB): Verapamil-hydrochloride and Nifedipine, as model AHD to simultaneously target cancer cells (MCF7 and or MDA231) and an underlying monolayer of endothelial cells (HUVEC). First, live-cell microscopy shows that exposure to Nifedipine increases the spreading-area, migration-distance, and frequency of transmigration of MCF-7 cells through the HUVEC monolayer, whereas Verapamil has the opposite effect. Next, impedance-spectroscopy shows that for monolayers of either endothelial or cancer cells, Nifedipine-treatment alone decreases the impedance of both cases, suggesting compromised cell-cell integrity. Furthermore, upon co-culturing MCF-7 on the HUVEC monolayers, Nifedipine-treated MCF-7 cells exhibit weaker impedance than Verapamil-treated MCF-7 cells. Following, fluorescent staining of CCB-treated cytoskeleton, focal adhesions, and cell-cell junction also indicated that Nifedipine treatment diminished the cell-cell integrity, whereas verapamil treatment preserved the integrity. Since CCBs regulate intracellular Ca2+, we next investigated if cancer cell's exposure to CCBs regulates calcium-dependent processes critical to extravasation, specifically traction and mechanics of plasma membrane. Towards this end, first, we quantified the 2D-cellular traction of cells in response to CCBs. Results show that exposure to F-actin depolymerizing drug decreases traction stress significantly only for Nifedipine-treated cells, suggesting an actin-independent mechanism of Verapamil activity. Next, using an optical tweezer to quantify the mechanics of plasma membrane (PM), we observe that under constant, externally-applied tensile strain, PM of Nifedipine-treated cells exhibits smaller relaxation-time than Verapamil and untreated cells. Finally, actin depolymerization significantly decreases MSD only for Verapamil treated cancer-cells and endothelial cells and not for Nifedipine-treated cells. Together, our results show that CCBs can have varied, mechanics-regulating effects on cancer-cell transmigration across endothelial monolayers. A judicious choice of CCBs is critical to minimizing the pro-metastatic effects of antihypertension therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vaibavi
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | | | - Rahul Vaippully
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | - Privita Edwina
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
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5
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Ullah R, Yin Q, Snell AH, Wan L. RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in cancer evolution and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:123-154. [PMID: 33992782 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is initiated upon RTK and RAS activation. Three RAF isoforms ARAF, BRAF and CRAF, and their downstream MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 kinases constitute a coherently orchestrated signaling module that directs a range of physiological functions. Genetic alterations in this pathway are among the most prevalent in human cancers, which consist of numerous hot-spot mutations such as BRAFV600E. Oncogenic mutations in this pathway often override otherwise tightly regulated checkpoints to open the door for uncontrolled cell growth and neoplasia. The crosstalk between the RAF-MEK-ERK axis and other signaling pathways further extends the proliferative potential of this pathway in human cancers. In this review, we summarize the molecular architecture and physiological functions of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway with emphasis on its dysregulations in human cancers, as well as the efforts made to target the RAF-MEK-ERK module using small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Aidan H Snell
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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6
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Amable G, Martínez-León E, Picco ME, Nemirovsky SI, Rozengurt E, Rey O. Metformin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell migration is associated with rebuilt adherens junctions and FAK downregulation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8334-8344. [PMID: 32239671 PMCID: PMC7529638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin, a central component of the adherens junction (AJ), is a single-pass transmembrane protein that mediates cell-cell adhesion. The loss of E-cadherin surface expression, and therefore cell-cell adhesion, leads to increased cell migration and invasion. Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)-derived cells (SW-480 and HT-29) with 2.0 mM metformin promoted a redistribution of cytosolic E-cadherin to de novo formed puncta along the length of the contacting membranes of these cells. Metformin also promoted translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of p120-catenin, another core component of the AJs. Furthermore, E-cadherin and p120-catenin colocalized with β-catenin at cell-cell contacts. Western blot analysis of lysates of CRC-derived cells revealed a substantial metformin-induced increase in the level of p120-catenin as well as E-cadherin phosphorylation on Ser838/840 , a modification associated with β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction. These modifications in E-cadherin, p120-catenin and β-catenin localization suggest that metformin induces rebuilding of AJs in CRC-derived cells. Those modifications were accompanied by the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), as revealed by a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397 and paxillin at Tyr118 . These changes were associated with a reduction in the numbers, but an increase in the size, of focal adhesions and by the inhibition of cell migration. Overall, these observations indicate that metformin targets multiple pathways associated with CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Amable
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martínez-León
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Picco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Sergio I. Nemirovsky
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Unit of Signal Transduction and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1768, USA
| | - Osvaldo Rey
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
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7
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Zhang Y, Sun X. Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Therapeutic Prospect. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10207-10220. [PMID: 33116602 PMCID: PMC7553669 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of head and neck cancers, which occurs in the oral cavity, oral pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients is only 63%, mainly because about 80–90% of patients with advanced HNSCC tend to suffer from local recurrence or even distant metastasis. Despite the more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of HNSCC in recent years, effective targeted therapies are unavailable for HNSCC, which emphasize the urgent demand for studies in this area. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to oncogenesis and tumor progression by its significant function in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration. In addition, FAK exerts an effect on the tumor microenvironment, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, radiation (chemotherapy) resistance, tumor stem cells and regulation of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the overexpression and activation of FAK are detected in multiple types of tumors, including HNSCC. FAK inhibition can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, significantly decrease cell growth, invasion and migration in HNSCC cell lines. In this article, we mainly review the research progress of FAK in the occurrence, development and metastasis of HNSCC, and put forward the prospects for the therapeutic targets of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Jiang W, Cai F, Xu H, Lu Y, Chen J, Liu J, Cao N, Zhang X, Chen X, Huang Q, Zhuang H, Hua ZC. Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 promotes cell migration, invasion and lung metastasis in a FAK-dependent manner. Protein Cell 2020; 11:825-845. [PMID: 32144580 PMCID: PMC7647985 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate ERK5 expression in lung cancer and malignant melanoma progression and to ascertain the involvement of ERK5 signaling in lung cancer and melanoma. We show that ERK5 expression is abundant in human lung cancer samples, and elevated ERK5 expression in lung cancer was linked to the acquisition of increased metastatic and invasive potential. Importantly, we observed a significant correlation between ERK5 activity and FAK expression and its phosphorylation at the Ser910 site. Mechanistically, ERK5 increased the expression of the transcription factor USF1, which could transcriptionally upregulate FAK expression, resulting in FAK signaling activation to promote cell migration. We also provided evidence that the phosphorylation of FAK at Ser910 was due to ERK5 but not ERK1/2, and we then suggested a role for Ser910 in the control of cell motility. In addition, ERK5 had targets in addition to FAK that regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in cancer cells. Taken together, our findings uncover a cancer metastasis-promoting role for ERK5 and provide the rationale for targeting ERK5 as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nini Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qilai Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, China.
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9
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FAK Structure and Regulation by Membrane Interactions and Force in Focal Adhesions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020179. [PMID: 31991559 PMCID: PMC7072507 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with key roles in the regulation of cell adhesion migration, proliferation and survival. In cancer FAK is a major driver of invasion and metastasis and its upregulation is associated with poor patient prognosis. FAK is autoinhibited in the cytosol, but activated upon localisation into a protein complex, known as focal adhesion complex. This complex forms upon cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane at sites of ECM attachment. FAK is anchored to the complex via multiple sites, including direct interactions with specific membrane lipids and connector proteins that attach focal adhesions to the actin cytoskeleton. In migrating cells, the contraction of actomyosin stress fibres attached to the focal adhesion complex apply a force to the complex, which is likely transmitted to the FAK protein, causing stretching of the FAK molecule. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the FAK structure and how specific structural features are involved in the regulation of FAK signalling. We focus on two major regulatory mechanisms known to contribute to FAK activation, namely interactions with membrane lipids and stretching forces applied to FAK, and discuss how they might induce structural changes that facilitate FAK activation.
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10
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Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Using Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090278. [PMID: 30134553 PMCID: PMC6162372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in many human cancers. FAK transmits signals to a wide range of targets through both kinase-dependant and independent mechanism thereby playing essential roles in cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. In the past years, small molecules that inhibit FAK kinase function have been developed and show reduced cancer progression and metastasis in several preclinical models. Clinical trials have been conducted and these molecules display limited adverse effect in patients. FAK contain multiple functional domains and thus exhibit both important scaffolding functions. In this review, we describe the major FAK interactions relevant in cancer signalling and discuss how such knowledge provide rational for the development of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) inhibitors.
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11
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Lee HN, Mitra M, Bosompra O, Corney DC, Johnson EL, Rashed N, Ho LD, Coller HA. RECK isoforms have opposing effects on cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1825-1838. [PMID: 29874120 PMCID: PMC6085827 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly conserved process involving cytoskeletal reorganization and restructuring of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Although there are many studies describing mechanisms underlying cell motility, little has been reported about the contribution of alternative isoform use toward cell migration. Here, we investigated whether alternative isoform use can affect cell migration focusing on reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), an established inhibitor of cell migration. We found that a shorter isoform of RECK is more highly expressed in proliferating fibroblasts, in TGF-β-treated fibroblasts, and in tumors compared with differentiated tissue. Knockdown of this short RECK isoform reduces fibroblast migration through Matrigel. Thus, this short isoform of RECK generated by a combination of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation plays an opposing role to the canonical RECK isoform, as knockdown of canonical RECK results in faster cell migration through Matrigel. We show that the short RECK protein competes with matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) for binding to the Kazal motifs of canonical RECK, thus liberating MMP9 from an inactivating interaction with canonical RECK. Our studies provide a new paradigm and a detailed mechanism for how alternative isoform use can regulate cell migration by producing two proteins with opposing effects from the same genetic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Lee
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Oye Bosompra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David C Corney
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Nadine Rashed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Linda D Ho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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12
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Eblen ST. Extracellular-Regulated Kinases: Signaling From Ras to ERK Substrates to Control Biological Outcomes. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 138:99-142. [PMID: 29551131 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitous serine-threonine kinases that are involved in regulating cellular signaling in both normal and pathological conditions. Their expression is critical for development and their hyperactivation is a major factor in cancer development and progression. Since their discovery as one of the major signaling mediators activated by mitogens and Ras mutation, we have learned much about their regulation, including their activation, binding partners and substrates. In this review I will discuss some of what has been discovered about the members of the Ras to ERK pathway, including regulation of their activation by growth factors and cell adhesion pathways. Looking downstream of ERK activation I will also highlight some of the many ERK substrates that have been discovered, including those involved in feedback regulation, cell migration and cell cycle progression through the control of transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Eblen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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13
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PDGFR inhibition mediated intracellular signalling in C6 glioma growth and migration: role of ERK and ROCK pathway. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:465-477. [PMID: 29143227 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant PDGFR (Platelet derived growth factor receptor) signalling in brain tumors and gliomas is one of the primary cause of tumor progression. PDGFR stimulation by its ligand and the role of its downstream mediators such as extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), PI3K and ROCK pathways have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study sought to investigate the role of PDGF receptor signalling inhibition on suppression of rat C6 glioma growth and migration. Treatment of C6 cells with PDGFR inhibitor, AG1295 caused a significant reduction in migration and proliferation by regulating the ERK and ROCK signalling. Subsequently, PDGFR blocking was demonstrated to regulate cytoskeleton reorganization by modulating the Actin-pMLC reorganization and pERK-FAK-Paxillin complex formation which may further regulate the C6 glioma migration. Further, other malignant behaviour of C6 glioma such as anchorage independent growth, adhesion, invasion and sphere forming abilities were found to be impaired by PDGFR blocking. PDGFR inhibition further regulates the C6 glioma tumor behaviour by inducing gene expression of GFAP, BDNF, and MECP2 and down regulating FAK expression. In conclusion, our data elucidate novel mechanisms involve in PDGFR inhibition mediated inhibition of C6 glioma growth and migration which can be a future potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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14
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Tanimura S, Takeda K. ERK signalling as a regulator of cell motility. J Biochem 2017; 162:145-154. [PMID: 28903547 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is regulated by multiple processes, including cell protrusion, cell retraction, cell-matrix adhesion, polarized exocytosis and polarized vesicle trafficking, each of which is spatiotemporally controlled by various intracellular signalling pathways. Dysregulation of cell motility leads to pathological conditions, such as tumour invasion and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling is one of the critical regulators of cell motility, although it is classically known as an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through regulation of gene expression. ERK and its downstream kinase, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), dynamically regulate cell motility mainly through direct phosphorylation of various molecules that are not necessarily involved in the regulation of gene transcription and translation. In this review, we summarize how ERK signalling regulates cell motility by focusing on the components of the cell motility machinery that are directly regulated by ERK or RSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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15
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Calcium Hydroxide–induced Proliferation, Migration, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Mineralization via the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Tanimura S, Hashizume J, Arichika N, Watanabe K, Ohyama K, Takeda K, Kohno M. ERK signaling promotes cell motility by inducing the localization of myosin 1E to lamellipodial tips. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:475-89. [PMID: 27502487 PMCID: PMC4987290 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanimura et al. demonstrate that SH3P2 binds to and functions as a cytosolic anchor for myosin 1E (Myo1E). ERK signaling–dependent phosphorylation of SH3P2 induces the dissociation of bound Myo1E and its consequent localization to the tips of lamellipodia, where it promotes cell motility. Signaling by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) plays an essential role in the induction of cell motility, but the precise mechanism underlying such regulation has remained elusive. We recently identified SH3P2 as a negative regulator of cell motility whose function is inhibited by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)–mediated phosphorylation downstream of ERK. We here show that myosin 1E (Myo1E) is a binding partner of SH3P2 and that the interaction of the two proteins in the cytosol prevents the localization of Myo1E to the plasma membrane. Serum-induced phosphorylation of SH3P2 at Ser202 by RSK results in dissociation of Myo1E from SH3P2 in the cytosol and the subsequent localization of Myo1E to the tips of lamellipodia mediated by binding of its TH2 domain to F-actin. This translocation of Myo1E is essential for lamellipodium extension and consequent cell migration. The ERK signaling pathway thus promotes cell motility through regulation of the subcellular localization of Myo1E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Junya Hashizume
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Naoya Arichika
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazushi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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17
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Apigenin Attenuates Melanoma Cell Migration by Inducing Anoikis through Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition. Molecules 2015; 20:21157-66. [PMID: 26633318 PMCID: PMC6332386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been found to have antitumor properties and is therefore particularly relevant for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. In this study, time- and dose-dependent cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed to determine the effects of apigenin on A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were pretreated with different concentrations of apigenin and analyzed for morphological changes, anoikis induction, cell migration, and levels of proteins associated with apoptosis. Apigenin reduced integrin protein levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), which induce anoikis in human cutaneous melanoma cells. Apigenin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of melanoma cell migration, unlike untreated controls. Furthermore, apigenin treatment increased apoptotic factors such as caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the metastasis of melanoma cells. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms by which apigenin prevents melanoma metastasis by sensitizing anoikis induced by the loss of integrin proteins in the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings elucidate the related mechanisms and suggest the potential of apigenin in developing clinical treatment strategies against malignant melanoma.
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18
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Gruosso T, Garnier C, Abelanet S, Kieffer Y, Lemesre V, Bellanger D, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Sastre-Garau X, Mieulet V, Mechta-Grigoriou F. MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8583. [PMID: 26456302 PMCID: PMC4633961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Camille Garnier
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France.,Genomics and Biology of the Hereditary Breast Cancers, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Precinical Investigation, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
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19
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Wu M, Zhou T, Liu H. Ca(2+) and EGF induce the differentiation of human embryo mesenchymal stem cells into epithelial-like cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:852-7. [PMID: 25339576 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) occurs in organ development and anti-tumorigenesis. We have investigated the effects of calcium (Ca(2+)) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) differentiation into epithelial-like cells. hMSCs lost their biological characteristics after EGF transfection, and MET was achieved by adding 0.4 mmol Ca(2+). Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed expression of EGF, keratin, keratin 19 (K19), β1-integrin, E-cadherin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK, Ser-910) increased in hMSCs infected with EGF and exposed to Ca(2+), although Smad3 activation was downregulated. hMSCs co-stimulated with EGF transfection and Ca(2+) can therefore differentiate into epithelial-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Burns Institute of People's Liberation Army, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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20
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Kadaré G, Gervasi N, Brami-Cherrier K, Blockus H, El Messari S, Arold ST, Girault JA. Conformational dynamics of the focal adhesion targeting domain control specific functions of focal adhesion kinase in cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:478-91. [PMID: 25391654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA) kinase (FAK) regulates cell survival and motility by transducing signals from membrane receptors. The C-terminal FA targeting (FAT) domain of FAK fulfils multiple functions, including recruitment to FAs through paxillin binding. Phosphorylation of FAT on Tyr(925) facilitates FA disassembly and connects to the MAPK pathway through Grb2 association, but requires dissociation of the first helix (H1) of the four-helix bundle of FAT. We investigated the importance of H1 opening in cells by comparing the properties of FAK molecules containing wild-type or mutated FAT with impaired or facilitated H1 openings. These mutations did not alter the activation of FAK, but selectively affected its cellular functions, including self-association, Tyr(925) phosphorylation, paxillin binding, and FA targeting and turnover. Phosphorylation of Tyr(861), located between the kinase and FAT domains, was also enhanced by the mutation that opened the FAT bundle. Similarly phosphorylation of Ser(910) by ERK in response to bombesin was increased by FAT opening. Although FAK molecules with the mutation favoring FAT opening were poorly recruited at FAs, they efficiently restored FA turnover and cell shape in FAK-deficient cells. In contrast, the mutation preventing H1 opening markedly impaired FAK function. Our data support the biological importance of conformational dynamics of the FAT domain and its functional interactions with other parts of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gress Kadaré
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gervasi
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Karen Brami-Cherrier
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Heike Blockus
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Said El Messari
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan T Arold
- the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, and the Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier I & II, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 839, F-75005 Paris, France, the Université Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne Universités, F-75005 Paris, France, the Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France,
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21
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Kim YS, Kim J, Kim KM, Jung DH, Choi S, Kim CS, Kim JS. Myricetin inhibits advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced migration of retinal pericytes through phosphorylation of ERK1/2, FAK-1, and paxillin in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:496-505. [PMID: 25450667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGE) have been implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Characterization of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy is retinal pericytes loss, which is the result of pericytes migration. In this study, we investigated the pathological mechanisms of AGE on the migration of retinal pericytes and confirmed the inhibitory effect of myricetin on migration in vitro and in vivo. Migration assays of bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) were induced using AGE-BSA and phosphorylation of Src, ERK1/2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK-1) and paxillin were determined using immunoblot analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were injected intravitreally with AGE-BSA and morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of p-FAK-1 and p-paxillin were performed in the rat retina. Immunoblot analysis and siRNA transfection were used to study the molecular mechanism of myricetin on BRP migration. AGE-BSA increased BRP migration in a dose-dependent manner via receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-dependent activation of the Src kinase-ERK1/2 pathway. AGE-BSA-induced migration was inhibited by an ERK1/2 specific inhibitor (PD98059), but not by p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors. AGE-BSA increased FAK-1 and paxillin phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These increases were attenuated by PD98059 and ERK1/2 siRNA. Phosphorylation of FAK-1 and paxillin was increased in response to AGE-BSA-induced migration of rat retinal pericytes. Myricetin strongly inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and significantly suppressed pericytes migration in AGE-BSA-injected rats. Our results demonstrate that AGE-BSA participated in the pathophysiology of retinal pericytes migration likely through the RAGE-Src-ERK1/2-FAK-1-paxillin signaling pathway. Furthermore, myricetin suppressed phosphorylation of ERK 1/2-FAK-1-paxillin and inhibited pericytes migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sojin Choi
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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22
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Armendáriz BG, Masdeu MDM, Soriano E, Ureña JM, Burgaya F. The diverse roles and multiple forms of focal adhesion kinase in brain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3573-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Armendáriz
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Masdeu
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús M. Ureña
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
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23
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Djuzenova CS, Fiedler V, Memmel S, Katzer A, Hartmann S, Krohne G, Zimmermann H, Scholz CJ, Polat B, Flentje M, Sukhorukov VL. Actin cytoskeleton organization, cell surface modification and invasion rate of 5 glioblastoma cell lines differing in PTEN and p53 status. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:346-357. [PMID: 25149900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma cells exhibit highly invasive behavior whose mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The present study explores the relationship between the invasion capacity of 5 glioblastoma cell lines differing in p53 and PTEN status, expression of mTOR and several other marker proteins involved in cell invasion, actin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology. We found that two glioblastoma lines mutated in both p53 and PTEN genes (U373-MG and SNB19) exhibited the highest invasion rates through the Matrigel or collagen matrix. In DK-MG (p53wt/PTENwt) and GaMG (p53mut/PTENwt) cells, F-actin mainly occurred in the numerous stress fibers spanning the cytoplasm, whereas U87-MG (p53wt/PTENmut), U373-MG and SNB19 (both p53mut/PTENmut) cells preferentially expressed F-actin in filopodia and lamellipodia. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the abundant filopodia and lamellipodia in the PTEN mutated cell lines. Interestingly, the gene profiling analysis revealed two clusters of cell lines, corresponding to the most (U373-MG and SNB19, i.e. p53 and PTEN mutated cells) and less invasive phenotypes. The results of this study might shed new light on the mechanisms of glioblastoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholpon S Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Fiedler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Memmel
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Krohne
- Elektronenmikroskopie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Hauptabteilung Biophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Biotechnologie/Nanotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Sukhorukov
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Appel S, Ankerne J, Appel J, Oberthuer A, Mallmann P, Dötsch J. CNN3 regulates trophoblast invasion and is upregulated by hypoxia in BeWo cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103216. [PMID: 25050546 PMCID: PMC4106885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CNN3 is an ubiquitously expressed F-actin binding protein, shown to regulate trophoblast fusion and hence seems to play a role in the placentation process. In this study we demonstrate that CNN3 levels are upregulated under low oxygen conditions in the trophoblast cell line BeWo. Since hypoxia is discussed to be a pro-migratory stimulus for placental cells, we examined if CNN3 is involved in trophoblast invasion. Indeed, when performing a matrigel invasion assay we were able to show that CNN3 promotes BeWo cell invasion. Moreover, CNN3 activates the MAPKs ERK1/2 and p38 in trophoblast cells and interestingly, both kinases are involved in BeWo invasion. However, when we repeated the experiments under hypoxic conditions, CNN3 did neither promote cell invasion nor MAPK activation. These results indicate that CNN3 promotes invasive processes by the stimulation of ERK1/2 and/or p38 under normoxic conditions in BeWo cells, but seems to have different functions at low oxygen levels. We further speculated that CNN3 expression might be altered in human placentas derived from pregnancies complicated by IUGR and preeclampsia, since these placental disorders have been described to go along with impaired trophoblast invasion. Our studies show that, at least in our set of placenta samples, CNN3 expression is neither deregulated in IUGR nor in preeclampsia. In summary, we identified CNN3 as a new pro-invasive protein in trophoblast cells that is induced under low oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janina Ankerne
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andre Oberthuer
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Cologne, Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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25
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Ducarouge B, Pelissier-Rota M, Lainé M, Cristina N, Vachez Y, Scoazec JY, Bonaz B, Jacquier-Sarlin M. CRF2 signaling is a novel regulator of cellular adhesion and migration in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79335. [PMID: 24260200 PMCID: PMC3832608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has been proposed to be a tumor promoting factor through the secretion of specific neuromediators, such as Urocortin2 and 3 (Ucn2/3), however its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. We observed that Ucn2/3 and their receptor the Corticotropin Releasing Factor receptor 2 (CRF2) were up-regulated in high grade and poorly differentiated CRC. This suggests a role for CRF2 in the loss of cellular organization and tumor progression. Using HT-29 and SW620 cells, two CRC cell lines differing in their abilities to perform cell-cell contacts, we found that CRF2 signals through Src/ERK pathway to induce the alteration of cell-cell junctions and the shuttle of p120ctn and Kaiso in the nucleus. In HT-29 cells, this signaling pathway also leads to the remodeling of cell adhesion by i) the phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and ii) a modification of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion complexes. These events stimulate cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CRF2 signaling controls cellular organization and may promote metastatic potential of human CRC cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition like process. This contributes to the comprehension of the tumor-promoting effects of stress molecules and designates Ucn2/3-CRF2 tandem as a target to prevent CRC progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ducarouge
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjolaine Pelissier-Rota
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Lainé
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadine Cristina
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Vachez
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Bruno Bonaz
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Equipe du Stress et des Interactions Neurodigestives, INSERM U836, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Sribenja S, Sawanyawisuth K, Kraiklang R, Wongkham C, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Obchoei S, Yao Q, Wongkham S, Chen C. Suppression of thymosin β10 increases cell migration and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:430. [PMID: 24053380 PMCID: PMC3849271 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymosin β10 (Tβ10) expression is associated with malignant phenotypes in many cancers. However, the role and mechanisms of Tβ10 in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of Tβ10 in CCA tumor tissues and cell lines as well as molecular mechanisms of Tβ10 in tumor metastasis of CCA cell lines. METHODS Tβ10 expression was determined by real time RT-PCR or immunocytochemistry. Tβ10 silence or overexpression in CCA cells was achieved using gene delivery techniques. Cell migration was assessed using modified Boyden chamber and wound healing assay. The effect of silencing Tβ10 on CCA tumor metastasis was determined in nude mice. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the expression of EGR1, Snail and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were studied. RESULTS Ten pairs of CCA tissues (primary and metastatic tumors) and 5 CCA cell lines were studied. With real time RT-PCR and immunostaining analysis, Tβ10 was highly expressed in primary tumors of CCA; while it was relatively low in the metastatic tumors. Five CCA cell lines showed differential expression levels of Tβ10. Silence of Tβ10 significantly increased cell migration, invasion and wound healing of CCA cells in vitro; reversely, overexpression of Tβ10 reduced cell migration compared with control cells (P<0.05). In addition, silence of Tβ10 in CCA cells increased liver metastasis in a nude mouse model of CCA implantation into the spleen. Furthermore, silence of Tβ10 activated ERK1/2 and increased the expression of Snail and MMPs in CCA cell lines. Ras-GTPase inhibitor, FPT inhibitor III, effectively blocked Tβ10 silence-associated ERK1/2 activation, Snail expression and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Low expression of Tβ10 is associated with metastatic phenotype of CCA in vitro and in vivo, which may be mediated by the activation of Ras, ERK1/2 and upregulation of Snail and MMPs. This study suggests a new molecular pathway of CCA pathogenesis and a novel strategy to treat or prevent CCA metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinapa Sribenja
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E, DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Signaling mechanisms of glucose-induced F-actin remodeling in pancreatic islet β cells. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e37. [PMID: 23969997 PMCID: PMC3789261 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis is critical for survival, and is controlled by the coordination of multiple organs and endocrine systems. Pancreatic islet β cells secrete insulin in response to nutrient stimuli, and insulin then travels through the circulation promoting glucose uptake into insulin-responsive tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose. Many of the genes identified in human genome-wide association studies of diabetic individuals are directly associated with β cell survival and function, giving credence to the idea that β-cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes. As such, investigations into the mechanisms by which β cells sense glucose and secrete insulin in a regulated manner are a major focus of current diabetes research. In particular, recent discoveries of the detailed role and requirements for reorganization/remodeling of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the regulation of insulin release from the β cell have appeared at the forefront of islet function research, having lapsed in prior years due to technical limitations. Recent advances in live-cell imaging and specialized reagents have revealed localized F-actin remodeling to be a requisite for the normal biphasic pattern of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. This review will provide an historical look at the emergent focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation of insulin secretion, leading up to the cutting-edge research in progress in the field today.
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Kang KH, Ling TY, Liou HH, Huang YK, Hour MJ, Liou HC, Fu WM. Enhancement role of host 12/15-lipoxygenase in melanoma progression. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2747-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lancaster S, Mansell JP. The role of lysophosphatidic acid on human osteoblast formation, maturation and the implications for bone health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Biophysical Forces Modulate the Costamere and Z-Disc for Sarcomere Remodeling in Heart Failure. BIOPHYSICS OF THE FAILING HEART 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7678-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Zhang LJ, Tao BB, Wang MJ, Jin HM, Zhu YC. PI3K p110α isoform-dependent Rho GTPase Rac1 activation mediates H2S-promoted endothelial cell migration via actin cytoskeleton reorganization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44590. [PMID: 22970259 PMCID: PMC3436785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is now considered as the third gaseotransmitter, however, the signaling pathways that modulate the biomedical effect of H(2)S on endothelial cells are poorly defined. In the present study, we found in human endothelial cells that H(2)S increased cell migration rates and induced a marked reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which was prevented by depletion of Rac1. Pharmacologic inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) both blunted the activation of Rac1 and the promotion of cell migration induced by H(2)S. Moreover, H(2)S-induced Rac1 activation was selectively dependent on the presence of the PI3K p110α isoform. Activated Rac1 by H(2)S thus in turn resulted in the phosphorylation of the F-actin polymerization modulator, cofilin. Additionally, inhibiting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased the augmented cell migration rate by H(2)S, but had no effect on Rac1 activation. These results indicate that Rac1 conveys the H(2)S signal to microfilaments inducing rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton that regulates cell migration. VEGFR-PI3K was found to be upstream pathway of Rac1, while cofilin acted as a downstream effector of Rac1. ERK was also shown to be involved in the action of H(2)S on endothelial cell migration, but independently of Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Tao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ming Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Pribic J, Brazill D. Paxillin phosphorylation and complexing with Erk and FAK are regulated by PLD activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1531-40. [PMID: 22481092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MDA-MB-231 cells are highly aggressive human breast adenocarcinoma cells that depend on PLD activity for survival. In response to the stress of serum withdrawal, there is increased motility and invasiveness of these cells that is associated with a rapid increase in PLD activity. In addition, PLD activity is elevated in response to most mitogenic signals. Similar to PLD, paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor protein, and Erk, mitogen-activated protein kinase, play vital roles in cell motility through regulation of focal adhesion dynamics. Here, we addressed whether there is a functional correlation between paxillin and PLD that may influence cancer cell motility. We investigated the role of PLD activity on paxillin regulation, Erk activation and formation of a paxillin-Erk and paxillin-FAK association. Inhibition of PLD activity led to an increase in paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation, a decrease in Erk activation, as measured by phosphorylation, and enhanced association of paxillin with Erk. In addition, we found that paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation depends upon Erk activity and may be a consequence of an increased association with FAK. Taken together, these results suggest that Erk activity is governed by PLD activity and regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, potentially explaining its role in cell motility. This study indicated that PLD, Erk, paxillin and FAK participate in the same signaling pathway in this breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pribic
- Graduate Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Wu W, Sun Z, Wu J, Peng X, Gan H, Zhang C, Ji L, Xie J, Zhu H, Ren S, Gu J, Zhang S. Trihydrophobin 1 phosphorylation by c-Src regulates MAPK/ERK signaling and cell migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29920. [PMID: 22238675 PMCID: PMC3253115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Src activates Ras-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and regulates cell migration, while trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) inhibits MAPK/ERK activation and cell migration through interaction with A-Raf and PAK1 and inhibiting their kinase activities. Here we show that c-Src interacts with TH1 by GST-pull down assay, coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assay. The interaction leads to phosphorylation of TH1 at Tyr-6 in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of TH1 decreases its association with A-Raf and PAK1. Further study reveals that Tyr-6 phosphorylation of TH1 reduces its inhibition on MAPK/ERK signaling, enhances c-Src mediated cell migration. Moreover, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 has been found by EGF and estrogen treatments. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the comprehensive regulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and cell migration involving tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 by c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huacheng Gan
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Ji
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (SZ)
| | - Songwen Zhang
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (SZ)
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Asano E, Maeda M, Hasegawa H, Ito S, Hyodo T, Yuan H, Takahashi M, Hamaguchi M, Senga T. Role of palladin phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase in cell migration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29338. [PMID: 22216253 PMCID: PMC3247243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of actin-binding proteins plays a pivotal role in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration. Palladin is an actin-binding protein that is phosphorylated by growth factor stimulation; however, the identity of the involved protein kinases remains elusive. In this study, we report that palladin is a novel substrate of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Suppression of ERK activation by a chemical inhibitor reduced palladin phosphorylation, and expression of active MEK alone was sufficient for phosphorylation. In addition, an in vitro kinase assay demonstrated direct palladin phosphorylation by ERK. We found that Ser77 and Ser197 are essential residues for phosphorylation. Although the phosphorylation of these residues was not required for actin cytoskeletal organization, we found that expression of non-phosphorylated palladin enhanced cell migration. Finally, we show that phosphorylation inhibits the palladin association with Abl tyrosine kinase. Taken together, our results indicate that palladin phosphorylation by ERK has an anti-migratory function, possibly by modulating interactions with molecules that regulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Asano
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masao Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoki Hasegawa
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Ito
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michinari Hamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Senga
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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The vaccinia virus O1 protein is required for sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and promotes viral virulence. J Virol 2011; 86:2323-36. [PMID: 22171261 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06166-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in infected cells has been shown to be crucial for full replication efficiency of orthopoxviruses in cell culture. In infected cells, this pathway is mainly activated by the vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein. We show here that chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA), but not modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in infected human 293 cells, although both viruses direct secretion of functional VGF. A CVA mutant lacking the O1L gene (CVA-ΔO1L) demonstrated that the O1 protein was required for sustained upregulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in 293 cells as well as in other mammalian cell lines. The highly conserved orthopoxvirus O1L gene encodes a predicted 78-kDa protein with a hitherto-unknown function. CVA-ΔO1L showed reduced plaque size and an attenuated cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures and reduced virulence and spread from lungs to ovaries in intranasally infected BALB/c mice. Reinsertion of an intact O1L gene into MVA, which in its original form harbors a fragmented O1L open reading frame (ORF), restored ERK1/2 activation in 293 cells but did not increase replication and spread of MVA in human or other mammalian cell lines. Thus, the O1 protein was crucial for sustained ERK1/2 activation in CVA- and MVA-infected human cells, complementing the autocrine function of VGF, and enhanced virulence in vivo.
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Su WH, Chuang PC, Huang EY, Yang KD. Radiation-induced increase in cell migration and metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells operates via the K-Ras pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:862-71. [PMID: 22138581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well established treatment for cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women worldwide. However, metastasis often circumvents the efficacy of radiotherapy. This study was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of radioresistance-associated metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells. We established three radioresistant cervical cancer cell lines by exposure of cells to a sublethal dose of radiation and screened for lines that exhibited an increased migration phenotype for at least 6 months before undertaking mechanistic studies. Radiation-associated metastatic potential was evaluated using a wound-healing assay, time-lapse recording, and cell locomotion into the lungs of BALB/c nude mice. The radioresistant C33A and CaSki cell lines, but not the radioresistant HeLa cell line, exhibited significantly increased cell migration and wound healing than did wild-type cells. Furthermore, K-Ras played a prometastatic role via the activation of c-Raf/p38, whereas interference of those mediators via either RNA interference-mediated knockdown or the use of chemical inhibitors substantially reversed the radioresistance-associated increase in cell migration. Clinical examination further showed the relative up-regulation of the K-Ras/c-Raf/p38 pathway in locally recurring tumors and distant metastases compared with in the primary cervical tumor. These findings demonstrate that a sublethal dose of radiation can enhance the metastatic potential of human cervical cancer cells via K-Ras/c-Raf/p38 signaling, highlighting the potential development of specific inhibitors for reducing metastatic potential during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Su
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Arold ST. How focal adhesion kinase achieves regulation by linking ligand binding, localization and action. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2011; 21:808-13. [PMID: 22030387 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has an astonishing number of ligands and functions, which enable it to contribute to embryonic development and human health. FAK can promote different effects in similar cellular environments or similar effects in different cellular environments. Recent advances in structural and cellular analysis of FAK are starting to reveal the interrelationships between the conformations, localizations, interactions, and functions of FAK. This review focuses on our emerging understanding of how the structural framework of FAK mechanistically allows it to integrate manifold stimuli into environment-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Arold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Chu M, Iyengar R, Koshman YE, Kim T, Russell B, Martin JL, Heroux AL, Robia SL, Samarel AM. Serine-910 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase is critical for sarcomere reorganization in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:409-19. [PMID: 21937583 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tyrosine-phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is required for the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes to growth factors and mechanical load, but the role of FAK serine phosphorylation in this process is unknown. The aims of the present study were to characterize FAK serine phosphorylation in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM), analyse its functional significance during hypertrophic signalling, and examine its potential role in the pathogenesis of human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and other hypertrophic factors induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in FAK-S910 phosphorylation. ET-1-induced FAK-S910 phosphorylation required ET(A)R-dependent activation of PKCδ and Src via parallel Raf-1 → MEK1/2 → ERK1/2 and MEK5 → ERK5 signalling pathways. Replication-deficient adenoviruses expressing wild-type (WT) FAK and a non-phosphorylatable, S910A-FAK mutant were then used to examine the functional significance of FAK-S910 phosphorylation. Unlike WT-FAK, S910A-FAK increased the half-life of GFP-tagged paxillin within costameres (as determined by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) and increased the steady-state FAK-paxillin interaction (as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting). These alterations resulted in reduced NRVM sarcomere reorganization and cell spreading. Finally, we found that FAK was serine-phosphorylated at multiple sites in non-failing, human left ventricular tissue. FAK-S910 phosphorylation and ERK5 expression were dramatically reduced in patients undergoing heart transplantation for end-stage DCM. CONCLUSION FAK undergoes S910 phosphorylation via PKCδ and Src-dependent pathways that are important for cell spreading and sarcomere reorganization. Reduced FAK-S910 phosphorylation may contribute to sarcomere disorganization in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miensheng Chu
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Shi C, Lu J, Wu W, Ma F, Georges J, Huang H, Balducci J, Chang Y, Huang Y. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) localizes to cell-cell junctions and modulates bFGF-directed cell migration via the ERK-FAK pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21482. [PMID: 21720547 PMCID: PMC3123356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its first discovery by in silico cloning of novel endothelial cell-specific genes a decade ago, the biological functions of endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) have only recently begun to be understood. Limited data suggest its involvement in cell migration and apoptosis. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms and novel functions of ECSM2 remain to be explored. Methodology/Principal Findings A rabbit anti-ECSM2 monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) was generated and used to characterize the endogenous ECSM2 protein. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, deglycosylation, immunostaining and confocal microscopy validated that endogenous ECSM2 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein preferentially expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Expression patterns of heterologously expressed and endogenous ECSM2 identified that ECSM2 was particularly concentrated at cell-cell contacts. Cell aggregation and transwell assays showed that ECSM2 promoted cell-cell adhesion and attenuated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-driven EC migration. Gain or loss of function assays by overexpression or knockdown of ECSM2 in ECs demonstrated that ECSM2 modulated bFGF-directed EC motility via the FGF receptor (FGFR)-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. The counterbalance between FAK tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) and ERK-dependent serine phosphorylation of FAK was critically involved. A model of how ECSM2 signals to impact bFGF/FGFR-driven EC migration was proposed. Conclusions/Significance ECSM2 is likely a novel EC junctional protein. It can promote cell-cell adhesion and inhibit bFGF-mediated cell migration. Mechanistically, ECSM2 attenuates EC motility through the FGFR-ERK-FAK pathway. The findings suggest that ECSM2 could be a key player in coordinating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-, integrin-, and EC junctional component-mediated signaling and may have important implications in disorders related to endothelial dysfunction and impaired EC junction signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joseph Georges
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hanju Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - James Balducci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zou W, Yang Y, Wu Y, Sun L, Chi Y, Wu W, Yun X, Xie J, Gu J. Negative role of trihydrophobin 1 in breast cancer growth and migration. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2156-62. [PMID: 20735431 PMCID: PMC11158160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) is a member of the negative elongation factor complex, which is involved in transcriptional pausing. Although the negative elongation factor complex attenuates the estrogen receptor α-mediated transcription, little is known about the relationship between TH1 and tumor progression. Here, we report that the protein level of TH1 was negatively correlated with the aggressiveness of human breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TH1 expression in clinical stage III-IV primary breast cancer tissues was statistically significantly lower than that in stage I-II breast tissues (P < 0.01), and especially inversely associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells inhibited, and knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells enhanced, cell proliferation and migratory ability. Moreover, upregulation of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the decrease of cyclin D1, β-catenin, and ERK activity, and the increase of p21. In contrast, knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells enhanced the expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin, increased the activity of ERK, and downregulated the expression of p21. Additionally, overexpression of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 cells prevented. However, knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells induced a number of molecular and cellular alterations associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our results suggest that TH1 might play an important role in regulation of proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer, and could be a potential target for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zou
- Gene Research Center, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Zhang F, Hu Y, Xu Q, Ye S. Different effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12323. [PMID: 20808802 PMCID: PMC2925946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) are two of the bioactive peptides of the rennin-angiotensin system. Ang II is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, while Ang-(1-7) shows cardiovascular protection in contrast to Ang II. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we investigated effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, which are critical in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with Ang II resulted in an increase of SMC proliferation, whereas Ang-(1-7) alone had no effects. However, preincubation with Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang II-induced SMC proliferation. Ang II promoted SMC migration, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with Ang-(1-7). The stimulatory effects of Ang II on SMC proliferation and migration were blocked by the Ang II receptor antagonist lorsartan, while the inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) were abolished by the Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist A-799. Ang II treatment caused activation of ERK1/2 mediated signaling, and this was inhibited by preincubation of SMCs with Ang-(1-7). Conclusion These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) inhibits Ang II-induced SMC proliferation and migration, at least in part, through negative modulation of Ang II induced ERK1/2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: .
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42
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Ning L, Chen H, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Focal adhesion kinase, a downstream mediator of Raf-1 signaling, suppresses cellular adhesion, migration, and neuroendocrine markers in BON carcinoid cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:775-82. [PMID: 20407018 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that activation of the Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)/ERK1/2 signaling cascade in gastrointestinal carcinoid cell line (BON) alters cellular morphology and neuroendocrine phenotype. The mechanisms by which Raf-1 mediates these changes in carcinoid cells are unclear. Here, we report that activation of the Raf-1 signaling cascade in BON cells induced the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein, suppressed the production of neuroendocrine markers, and resulted in significant decreases in cellular adhesion and migration. Importantly, inactivation of MEK1/2 by 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio]butadiene or abolition of FAK induction in Raf-1-activated BON cells by targeted siRNA led to reversal of the Raf-1-mediated reduction in neuroendocrine markers and cellular adhesion and migration. Phosphorylation site-specific antibodies detected the phosphorylated FAK(Tyr407), but not FAK(Tyr397), in these Raf-1-activated cells, indicating that FAK(Tyr407) may be associated with changes in the neuroendocrine phenotype. Overexpression of constitutively active FAK plasmids (wild-type FAK or FAK(Tyr397) mutant) into BON cells reduced neuroendocrine markers, whereas the FAK(Tyr407) mutant plasmid did not show any decrease in the levels of neuroendocrine markers, indicating that phosphorylation of FAK at the Tyr(407) residue may be important for these effects. Our results showed for the first time that FAK is an essential downstream effector of the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling cascade and negatively regulated the neuroendocrine and metastatic phenotype in BON cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kramarenko II, Bunni MA, Raymond JR, Garnovskaya MN. Bradykinin B2 receptor interacts with integrin alpha5beta1 to transactivate epidermal growth factor receptor in kidney cells. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:126-34. [PMID: 20385709 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.064840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK) stimulates proliferation of a cultured murine cell model of the inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3 cells) via transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinases (collagenase-2 and -3). Because collagenases lack an integral membrane domain, we hypothesized that receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, integrins, may play a role in BK-induced signaling by targeting collagenases to the membrane, thus forming a functional signaling complex. BK-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in mIMCD-3 cells was reduced by approximately 65% by synthetic peptides containing an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, supporting roles for integrins in BK-induced signaling. Neutralizing antibody against alpha5beta1 integrin partially (approximately 60%) blocked BK-induced ERK activation but did not affect EGF-induced ERK activation. Silencing of alpha5 and beta1 expression by transfecting cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) significantly decreased BK-induced ERK activation (approximately 80%) and EGFR phosphorylation (approximately 50%). This effect was even more pronounced in cells that were cotransfected with siRNAs directed against both collagenases and alpha5beta1 integrin. On the basis of our results, we suggested that integrin alpha5beta1 is involved in BK-induced signaling in mIMCD-3 cells. Using immunoprecipitation/Western blotting, we demonstrated association of BK B(2) receptor with alpha5beta1 integrin upon BK treatment. Furthermore, BK induced association of alpha5beta1 integrin with EGFR. These data provide the first evidence that specific integrins are involved in BK B(2) receptor-induced signaling in kidney cells, and ultimately might lead to development of new strategies for treatment of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga I Kramarenko
- Medical and Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-6290, USA
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Mechanical stress-induced sarcomere assembly for cardiac muscle growth in length and width. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:817-23. [PMID: 20188736 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A ventricular myocyte experiences changes in length and load during every beat of the heart and has the ability to remodel cell shape to maintain cardiac performance. Specifically, myocytes elongate in response to increased diastolic strain by adding sarcomeres in series, and they thicken in response to continued systolic stress by adding filaments in parallel. Myocytes do this while still keeping the resting sarcomere length close to its optimal value at the peak of the length-tension curve. This review focuses on the little understood mechanisms by which direction of growth is matched in a physiologically appropriate direction. We propose that the direction of strain is detected by differential phosphorylation of proteins in the costamere, which then transmit signaling to the Z-disc for parallel or series addition of thin filaments regulated via the actin capping processes. In this review, we link mechanotransduction to the molecular mechanisms for regulation of myocyte length and width.
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45
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Pan CQ, Liou YC, Low BC. Active Mek2 as a regulatory scaffold that promotes Pin1 binding to BPGAP1 to suppress BPGAP1-induced acute Erk activation and cell migration. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:903-16. [PMID: 20179103 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.064162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BPGAP1 is a multidomain Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) that promotes Erk activation and cell motility. However, the molecular mechanism of how these two processes are linked and regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that the RhoGAP domain of BPGAP1 interacts with the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPI) Pin1, leading to enhanced GAP activity towards RhoA. BPGAP1 also interacted with wild-type and constitutively active Mek2, but not with its kinase-dead mutant. However, only active Mek2 could bind Pin1, acting as a scaffold to bridge Pin1 and BPGAP1 in a manner that involves the release of an autoinhibited proline-rich motif, 186-PPLP-189, proximal to the RhoGAP domain. This allows the non-canonical 186-PPLP-189 and 256-DDYGD-260 motifs of the proline-rich region and RhoGAP domain of BPGAP1 to become accessible to concerted binding by the WW and PPI domains of Pin1, respectively. Interestingly, Pin1 knockdown led to 'super-induction' of BPGAP1-induced acute, but not chronic, Erk activation upon epidermal growth factor stimulation, in a process independent of GAP modulation. Reintroducing Pin1, but not its catalytic or non-binding mutants, reversed the effect and inhibited cell migration induced by coexpression of BPGAP1 and active Mek2. Thus, Pin1 regulates BPGAP1 function in Rho and Erk signalling, with active Mek2 serving as a novel regulatory scaffold that promotes crosstalk between RhoGAP, Pin1 and Erk in the regulation of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Qiurong Pan
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Miyata M, Ogita H, Komura H, Nakata S, Okamoto R, Ozaki M, Majima T, Matsuzawa N, Kawano S, Minami A, Waseda M, Fujita N, Mizutani K, Rikitake Y, Takai Y. Localization of nectin-free afadin at the leading edge and its involvement in directional cell movement induced by platelet-derived growth factor. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4319-29. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Afadin is an actin-filament-binding protein that binds to nectin, an immunoglobulin-like cell-cell adhesion molecule, and plays an important role in the formation of adherens junctions. Here, we show that afadin, which did not bind to nectin and was localized at the leading edge of moving cells, has another role: enhancement of the directional, but not random, cell movement. When NIH3T3 cells were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), afadin colocalized with PDGF receptor, αvβ3 integrin and nectin-like molecule-5 at the leading edge and facilitated the formation of leading-edge structures and directional cell movement in the direction of PDGF stimulation. However, these phenotypes were markedly perturbed by knockdown of afadin, and were dependent on the binding of afadin to active Rap1. Binding of Rap1 to afadin was necessary for the recruitment of afadin and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 to the leading edge. SHP-2 was previously reported to tightly regulate the activation of PDGF receptor and its downstream signaling pathway for the formation of the leading edge. These results indicate that afadin has a novel role in PDGF-induced directional cell movement, presumably in cooperation with active Rap1 and SHP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Komura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Misa Ozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Majima
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuzawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masumi Waseda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Israeli S, Amsler K, Zheleznova N, Wilson PD. Abnormalities in focal adhesion complex formation, regulation, and function in human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C831-46. [PMID: 19923420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00032.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-associated focal adhesion complex formation and turnover plays an essential role in directing interactions between epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix during organogenesis, leading to appropriate cell spreading, cell-matrix adhesion, and migration. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with loss of function of PKHD1-encoded protein fibrocystin-1 and is characterized by cystic dilation of renal collecting tubules (CT) in utero and loss of renal function in patients if they survive the perinatal period. Normal polycystin-1 (PC-1)/focal adhesion complex function is required for control of CT diameter during renal development, and abnormalities in these complexes have been demonstrated in human PC-1 mutant cystic cells. To determine whether loss of fibrocystin-1 was associated with focal adhesion abnormalities, ARPKD cells or normal age-matched human fetal (HF)CT cells in which fibrocystin-1 had been decreased by 85% by small interfering RNA inhibition were compared with normal HFCT. Accelerated attachment and spreading on collagen matrix and decreased motility of fibrocystin-1-deficient cells were associated with longer paxillin-containing focal adhesions, more complex actin-cytoskeletal rearrangements, and increased levels of total beta(1)-integrin, c-Src, and paxillin. Immunoblot analysis of adhesive cells using site-specific phospho-antibodies demonstrated ARPKD-associated loss of activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by phosphorylation at its autophosphorylation site (Y397); accelerated FAK inhibition by phosphorylation at Y407, S843, and S910; as well as increased activation of c-Src at pY418. Paxillin coimmunoprecipitation analyses suggested that fibrocystin-1 was a component of the normal focal adhesion complex and that actin and fibrocystin-1 were lost from ARPKD complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Israeli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Spurrell DR, Luckashenak NA, Minney DC, Chaplin A, Penninger JM, Liwski RS, Clements JL, West KA. Vav1 regulates the migration and adhesion of dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:310-8. [PMID: 19542442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs for activating naive T cells, a process facilitated by the ability of immature DCs to mature and home to lymph nodes after encountering an inflammatory stimulus. Proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement play an important role in regulating the adherence and motility of DCs. Vav1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases, mediates cytoskeletal rearrangement in hematopoietic cells following integrin ligation. We show that Vav1 is not required for the normal maturation of DCs in vitro; however, it is critical for DC binding to fibronectin and regulates the distribution but not the formation of podosomes. We also found that DC Vav1 was an important component of a signaling pathway involving focal adhesion kinase, phospholipase C-gamma2, and ERK1/2 following integrin ligation. Surprisingly, Vav1(-/-) DCs had increased rates of migration in vivo compared with wild-type control DCs. In vitro findings show that the presence of adhesive substrates such as fibronectin resulted in inhibition of migration. However, there was less inhibition in the absence of Vav1. These findings suggest that DC migration is negatively regulated by adhesion and integrin-mediated signaling and that Vav1 has a central role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spurrell
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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49
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G protein-coupled receptors stimulation and the control of cell migration. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1045-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Mansell JP, Farrar D, Jones S, Nowghani M. Cytoskeletal reorganisation, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and human MG63 osteoblast maturation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 305:38-46. [PMID: 19433260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is especially receptive to physical stimulation and agents with the capacity to mimic the signalling incurred via mechanical loading on osteoblasts may find an application in a bone regenerative setting. Recently this laboratory revealed that the major serum lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), co-operated with 1alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (D3) in stimulating human osteoblast maturation. Actin stress fiber accrual in LPA treated osteoblasts would have generated peripheral tension which in turn may have heightened the maturation response of these cells to D3. To test this hypothesis we examined if other agents known to trigger stress fiber accumulation co-operated with D3 in stimulating human osteoblast maturation. Colchicine, nocodazole and LPA all co-operated with D3 to promote MG63 maturation in a MEK dependent manner. In contrast, calpeptin, a direct activator of Rho kinase and stress fiber accumulation did not act with D3 to secure MG63 differentiation. Herein we describe how the signalling elicited via microtubule disruption cooperates with D3 in the development of mature osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Oral & Dental Science, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin St., Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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