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de Lederkremer RM, Giorgi ME, Agusti R. trans-Sialylation: a strategy used to incorporate sialic acid into oligosaccharides. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:121-139. [PMID: 35360885 PMCID: PMC8827155 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid, as a component of cell surface glycoconjugates, plays a crucial role in recognition events. Efficient synthetic methods are necessary for the supply of sialosides in enough quantities for biochemical and immunological studies. Enzymatic glycosylations obviate the steps of protection and deprotection of the constituent monosaccharides required in a chemical synthesis. Sialyl transferases with CMP-Neu5Ac as an activated donor were used for the construction of α2-3 or α2-6 linkages to terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine units. trans-Sialidases may transfer sialic acid from a sialyl glycoside to a suitable acceptor and specifically construct a Siaα2-3Galp linkage. The trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTS), which fulfills an important role in the pathogenicity of the parasite, is the most studied one. The recombinant enzyme was used for the sialylation of β-galactosyl oligosaccharides. One of the main advantages of trans-sialylation is that it circumvents the use of the high energy nucleotide. Easily available glycoproteins with a high content of sialic acid such as fetuin and bovine κ-casein-derived glycomacropeptide (GMP) have been used as donor substrates. Here we review the trans-sialidase from various microorganisms and describe their application for the synthesis of sialooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Lederkremer
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Giorgi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rosalía Agusti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
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2
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Guo X, Elkashef SM, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Falconer RA. Recent advances in the analysis of polysialic acid from complex biological systems. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115145. [PMID: 31472857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique, well-characterised carbohydrate polymer highly-expressed on the cell surface of neurons in the early stages of mammalian brain development. Post-embryogenesis, it is also re-expressed in a number of tumours of neuroendocrine origin. It plays important roles in modulating cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion and migration, tumour invasion and metastasis. Techniques for structural and quantitative characterisation of polySia from tumours and cancer cells are thus essential in exploring the relationship between polySia expression levels and structural and functional changes associated with cancer progression and metastasis. A variety of techniques have been developed to structurally and quantitatively analyse polySia in clinical tissues and other biological samples. In this review, analytical approaches used for the determination of polySia in biological matrices in the past 20 years are discussed, with a particular focus on chemical approaches, and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M Elkashef
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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3
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Modulation of the stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosylation via ( p -Tol) 2 SO/Tf 2 O preactivation strategy: From O -, C -sialylation to general O -, N -glycosylation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aoyagi T, Ohira S, Fuse S, Uzawa J, Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka H. The α-Glycosidation of Partially Unprotected N
-Acetyl and N
-Glycolyl Sialyl Donors in the Absence of a Nitrile Solvent Effect. Chemistry 2016; 22:6968-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Aoyagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohira
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical and Life Science, Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Jun Uzawa
- RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology; RIKEN Global Research Cluster; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198 Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology; RIKEN Global Research Cluster; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198 Saitama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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6
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Zhang XT, Gu ZY, Liu L, Wang S, Xing GW. Synthesis and labeling of α-(2,9)-trisialic acid with cyanine dyes for imaging of glycan-binding receptors on living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8606-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyanine tagged oligosialic acid was utilized as an efficient fluorescent probe to image the glycan-binding receptors on PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-tai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Zhen-yuan Gu
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Libing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Guo-wen Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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7
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8
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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9
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Cowper B, Matthews S, Tomley F. The molecular basis for the distinct host and tissue tropisms of coccidian parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 186:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Liang CF, Kuan TC, Chang TC, Lin CC. Stereoselective Synthesis of S-Linked α(2→8) and α(2→8)/α(2→9) Hexasialic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16074-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307797x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu
30013, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu
30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu
30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu
30013, Taiwan
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11
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Galuska SP, Geyer H, Mink W, Kaese P, Kühnhardt S, Schäfer B, Mühlenhoff M, Freiberger F, Gerardy-Schahn R, Geyer R. Glycomic strategy for efficient linkage analysis of di-, oligo- and polysialic acids. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5266-78. [PMID: 22728599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid polymers of glycoproteins and glycolipids are characterized by a high diversity in nature and are involved in distinct biological processes depending inter alia on the glycosidic linkages between the present sialic acid residues. Though suitable protocols are available for chain length and sialic acid determination, sensitive methods for linkage analysis of di-, oligo-, and polysialic acids (di/oligo/polySia) are still pending. In this study, we have established a highly sensitive glycomic strategy for this purpose which is based on permethylation of di/oligo/polySia after tagging their reducing ends with the fluorescent dye 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB). Using DMB-labeled sialic acid di/oligo/polymers glycosidic linkages could be efficiently determined and, optionally, the established working procedure can be combined with HPLC for in depth characterization of distinct di/oligo/polySia chains. Moreover, the outlined approach can be directly applied to mammalian tissue samples and linkage analysis of sialic acid polymers present in biopsy samples of neuroblastoma tissue demonstrating the usefulness of the outlined work flow to screen, for example, cancer tissue for the presence of distinct variants of di/oligo/polySia as potentially novel biomarkers. Hence, the described strategy offers a highly sensitive and efficient strategy for identification of glycosidic linkages in sialic acid di/oligo/polymers of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Miyata S, Yamakawa N, Toriyama M, Sato C, Kitajima K. Co-expression of two distinct polysialic acids, α2,8- and α2,9-linked polymers of N-acetylneuraminic acid, in distinct glycoproteins and glycolipids in sea urchin sperm. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1596-605. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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13
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Neoglycolipid (NGL)-based oligosaccharide microarrays and highlights of their recent applications in studies of the molecular basis of pathogen–host interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:1361-7. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0381361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate microarray technologies are new developments at the frontier of glycomics that are showing great promise as tools for high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate-mediated interactions and the elucidation of carbohydrate ligands involved not only in endogenous receptor systems, but also pathogen–host interactions. The main advantage of microarray analysis is that a broad range of glycan sequences can be immobilized on solid matrices as minute spots and simultaneously interrogated. Different methodologies have emerged for constructing carbohydrate microarrays. The NGL (neoglycolipid)-based oligosaccharide microarray platform is among the relatively few systems that are beyond proof-of-concept and have provided new biological information. In the present article, I dwell, in some detail, on the NGL-based microarray. Highlights are the recent applications of NGL-based microarrays that have contributed to knowledge on the molecular basis of pathogen–host interactions, namely the assignments of the carbohydrate-binding specificities of several key surface-adhesive proteins of Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites, and the elucidation of receptor-binding specificities of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm) virus compared with seasonal H1N1 virus.
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14
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Lin CC, Lin NP, Sahabuddin LS, Reddy VR, Huang LD, Hwang KC, Lin CC. 5-N,4-O-Carbonyl-7,8,9-tri-O-chloroacetyl-Protected Sialyl Donor for the Stereoselective Synthesis of α-(2→9)-Tetrasialic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4921-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100824s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Pin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - L. Sk Sahabuddin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya Raghava Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-De Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Friedrich N, Santos JM, Liu Y, Palma AS, Leon E, Saouros S, Kiso M, Blackman MJ, Matthews S, Feizi T, Soldati-Favre D. Members of a novel protein family containing microneme adhesive repeat domains act as sialic acid-binding lectins during host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2064-76. [PMID: 19901027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous intracellular pathogens exploit cell surface glycoconjugates for host cell recognition and entry. Unlike bacteria and viruses, Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa actively invade host cells, and this process critically depends on adhesins (microneme proteins) released onto the parasite surface from intracellular organelles called micronemes (MIC). The microneme adhesive repeat (MAR) domain of T. gondii MIC1 (TgMIC1) recognizes sialic acid (Sia), a key determinant on the host cell surface for invasion by this pathogen. By complementation and invasion assays, we demonstrate that TgMIC1 is one important player in Sia-dependent invasion and that another novel Sia-binding lectin, designated TgMIC13, is also involved. Using BLAST searches, we identify a family of MAR-containing proteins in enteroparasitic coccidians, a subclass of apicomplexans, including T. gondii, suggesting that all these parasites exploit sialylated glycoconjugates on host cells as determinants for enteric invasion. Furthermore, this protein family might provide a basis for the broad host cell range observed for coccidians that form tissue cysts during chronic infection. Carbohydrate microarray analyses, corroborated by structural considerations, show that TgMIC13, TgMIC1, and its homologue Neospora caninum MIC1 (NcMIC1) share a preference for alpha2-3- over alpha2-6-linked sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sequences. However, the three lectins also display differences in binding preferences. Intense binding of TgMIC13 to alpha2-9-linked disialyl sequence reported on embryonal cells and relatively strong binding to 4-O-acetylated-Sia found on gut epithelium and binding of NcMIC1 to 6'sulfo-sialyl Lewis(x) might have implications for tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Friedrich
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Tanaka H, Nishiura Y, Takahashi T. Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2,9) Di- to Tetrasialic Acids, Using a 5,4-N,O-Carbonyl Protected Thiosialoside. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4383-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Harduin-Lepers A, Petit D, Mollicone R, Delannoy P, Petit JM, Oriol R. Evolutionary history of the alpha2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia) gene family: tandem duplications in early deuterostomes explain most of the diversity found in the vertebrate ST8Sia genes. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:258. [PMID: 18811928 PMCID: PMC2564942 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The animal sialyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of sialic acid to the glycan moiety of glycoconjugates, are subdivided into four families: ST3Gal, ST6Gal, ST6GalNAc and ST8Sia, based on acceptor sugar specificity and glycosidic linkage formed. Despite low overall sequence identity between each sialyltransferase family, all sialyltransferases share four conserved peptide motifs (L, S, III and VS) that serve as hallmarks for the identification of the sialyltransferases. Currently, twenty subfamilies have been described in mammals and birds. Examples of the four sialyltransferase families have also been found in invertebrates. Focusing on the ST8Sia family, we investigated the origin of the three groups of alpha2,8-sialyltransferases demonstrated in vertebrates to carry out poly-, oligo- and mono-alpha2,8-sialylation. RESULTS We identified in the genome of invertebrate deuterostomes, orthologs to the common ancestor for each of the three vertebrate ST8Sia groups and a set of novel genes named ST8Sia EX, not found in vertebrates. All these ST8Sia sequences share a new conserved family-motif, named "C-term" that is involved in protein folding, via an intramolecular disulfide bridge. Interestingly, sequences from Branchiostoma floridae orthologous to the common ancestor of polysialyltransferases possess a polysialyltransferase domain (PSTD) and those orthologous to the common ancestor of oligosialyltransferases possess a new ST8Sia III-specific motif similar to the PSTD. In osteichthyans, we have identified two new subfamilies. In addition, we describe the expression profile of ST8Sia genes in Danio rerio. CONCLUSION Polysialylation appeared early in the deuterostome lineage. The recent release of several deuterostome genome databases and paralogons combined with synteny analysis allowed us to obtain insight into events at the gene level that led to the diversification of the ST8Sia genes, with their corresponding enzymatic activities, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The initial expansion and subsequent divergence of the ST8Sia genes resulted as a consequence of a series of ancient duplications and translocations in the invertebrate genome long before the emergence of vertebrates. A second subset of ST8sia genes in the vertebrate genome arose from whole genome duplication (WGD) R1 and R2. Subsequent selective ST8Sia gene loss is responsible for the characteristic ST8Sia gene expression pattern observed today in individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Daniel Petit
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Animale, INRA UMR 1061, Université de Limoges Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Rosella Mollicone
- Unité de Microenvironnement et physiologie de la différenciation, INSERM U602, Université de Paris Sud XI, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Animale, INRA UMR 1061, Université de Limoges Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Rafael Oriol
- Unité de Microenvironnement et physiologie de la différenciation, INSERM U602, Université de Paris Sud XI, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Miyata S, Sato C, Kitajima K. Glycobiology of Polysialic Acids on Sea Urchin Gametes. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2007. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.19.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
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19
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Inoue S, Kitajima K. KDN (Deaminated neuraminic acid): Dreamful past and exciting future of the newest member of the sialic acid family. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:277-90. [PMID: 16897172 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-6484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
KDN is an abbreviation for 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid, and its natural occurrence was revealed in 1986 by a research group including the present authors. Since sialic acid was used as a synonym for N-acylneuraminic acid at that time, there was an argument if this deaminated neuraminic acid belongs to the family of sialic acids. In this review, we describe the 20 years history of studies on KDN (KDNology), through which KDN has established its position as a distinct member of the sialic acid family. These studies have clarified that: (1) KDN occurs widely among vertebrates and bacteria similar to the occurrence of the more common sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), but its abundant occurrence in animals is limited to lower vertebrates. (2) KDN is found in almost all types of glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, glycoproteins and capsular polysaccharides. (3) KDN residues are linked to almost all glycan structures in place of Neu5Ac. All linkage types known for Neu5Ac; alpha2,3-, alpha2,4-, alpha2,6-, and alpha2,8- are also found for KDN. (4) KDN is biosynthesized de novo using mannose as a precursor sugar, which is activated to CMP-KDN and transferred to acceptor sugar residues. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, some of which preferably recognize KDN, but many others prefer Neu5Ac to KDN. In addition to these basic findings, elevated expression of KDN was found in fetal human red blood cells compared with adult red blood cells, and ovarian tumor tissues compared with normal controls. KDNase, an enzyme which specifically cleaves KDN-linkages, was discovered in a bacterium and monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize KDN residues in KDNalpha2,3-Gal- and KDNalpha2,8-KDN-linkages have been developed. These have been used for identification of KDN-containing molecules. Based on past basic studies and variety of findings, future perspective of KDNology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Inoue
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Nakata D, Troy FA. Degree of polymerization (DP) of polysialic acid (polySia) on neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMS): development and application of a new strategy to accurately determine the DP of polySia chains on N-CAMS. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:38305-16. [PMID: 16172115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508762200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia) is a structurally unique antiadhesive glycotope that covalently modifies N-linked glycans on neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs). These sugar chains play a key role in modulating cell-cell interactions, principally during embryonic development, neural plasticity, and tumor metastasis. The degree of polymerization (DP) of polySia chains on N-CAM is postulated to be of critical importance in regulating N-CAM function. There are limitations, however, in the conventional methods to accurately determine the DP of polySia on N-CAM, the most serious being partial acid hydrolysis of internal alpha2,8-ketosidic linkages that occur during fluorescent derivatization, a step necessary to enhance chromatographic detection. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a facile method that combines the use of Endo-beta-galactosidase to first release linear polySia chains from N-CAM, with high resolution high pressure liquid chromatography profiling. This strategy avoids acid hydrolysis prior to chromatographic profiling and thus provides an accurate determination of the DP and distribution of polySia on N-CAM. The potential of this new method was evaluated using a nonpolysialylated construct of N-CAM that was polysialylated in vitro using a soluble construct of ST8Sia II or ST8Sia IV. Whereas most of the oligosialic acid/polySia chains consisted of DPs approximately 50-60 or less, a subpopulation of chains with DPs approximately 150 to approximately 180 and extending to DP approximately 400 were detected. The DP of this subpopulation is considerably greater than reported previously for N-CAM. Endo-beta-galactosidase can also release polySia chains from polysialylated membranes expressed in the neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro2A, and native N-CAM from embryonic chick brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616
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Lee YC. Letter to the Glyco-Forum: A Green Thumb and a Broad Back: A Tribute to the late Dr. Yasuo Inoue (1934–2005). Glycobiology 2005; 15:9G-11G. [PMID: 15892189 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Inoue S, Inoue Y. Ultrasensitive analysis of sialic acids and oligo/polysialic acids by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:543-60. [PMID: 12968387 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Inoue
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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