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Min WH, Ko CY, Kim H, Kwon HK, Jang HJ, Bach TT, Han LN, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Hwangbo C. Anti‑inflammatory effects of methanol extract from Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. mediated by HO‑1 in LPS‑induced RAW 264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:317. [PMID: 38939180 PMCID: PMC11208987 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation serves as a multifaceted defense mechanism activated by pathogens, cellular damage and irritants, aiming to eliminate primary causes of injury and promote tissue repair. Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. (P. dindygulensis), prevalent in Vietnam and southern China, has a history of traditional use for treating cough, fever and asthma. Previous studies on its phytochemicals have shown their potential as anti-inflammatory agents, yet underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the regulatory effects of P. dindygulensis on the anti-inflammatory pathways. The methanol extracts of P. dindygulensis (PDME) were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in murine macrophages. While MAPKs inhibitors, such as SP600125, SB203580 and U0126 did not regulate HO-1 expression, the treatment of cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, reduced HO-1. Furthermore, PDME inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and TNF-α expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The activity of NOS and the expression of TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 decreased in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells treated with PDME and this effect was regulated by inhibition of HO-1 activity. These findings suggested that PDME functions as an HO-1 inducer and serves as an effective natural anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hong Min
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Ko
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheonju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 01211, Vietnam
| | - Le Ngoc Han
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 01211, Vietnam
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24414, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
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Nielsen VG. Novel Toxicodynamic Model of Subcutaneous Envenomation to Characterize Snake Venom Coagulopathies and Assess the Efficacy of Site-Directed Inorganic Antivenoms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13939. [PMID: 37762243 PMCID: PMC10530349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Venomous snake bite adversely affects millions of people yearly, but few animal models allow for the determination of toxicodynamic timelines with hemotoxic venoms to characterize the onset and severity of coagulopathy or assess novel, site-directed antivenom strategies. Thus, the goals of this investigation were to create a rabbit model of subcutaneous envenomation to assess venom toxicodynamics and efficacy of ruthenium-based antivenom administration. New Zealand White rabbits were sedated with midazolam via the ear vein and had viscoelastic measurements of whole blood and/or plasmatic coagulation kinetics obtained from ear artery samples. Venoms derived from Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, Bothrops moojeni, or Calloselasma rhodostoma were injected subcutaneously, and changes in coagulation were determined over three hours and compared to samples obtained prior to envenomation. Other rabbits had ruthenium-based antivenoms injected five minutes after venom injection. Viscoelastic analyses demonstrated diverse toxicodynamic patterns of coagulopathy consistent with the molecular composition of the proteomes of the venoms tested. The antivenoms tested attenuated venom-mediated coagulopathy. A novel rabbit model can be used to characterize the onset and severity of envenomation by diverse proteomes and to assess site-directed antivenoms. Future investigation is planned involving other medically important venoms and antivenom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance G Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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3
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Shivling Mali A, Honc O, Hejnova L, Novotny J. Opioids Alleviate Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in LPS-Stimulated Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11089. [PMID: 37446267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are known to have antioxidant effects and to modulate microglial function under certain conditions. It has been previously shown that opioid ligands can effectively inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and convert microglia to an anti-inflammatory polarization state. Here, we used C8-B4 cells, the mouse microglial cell line activated by LPS as a model to investigate the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant potential of selected opioid receptor agonists (DAMGO, DADLE, and U-50488). We found that all of these ligands could exert cytoprotective effects through the mechanism affecting LPS-induced ROS production, NADPH synthesis, and glucose uptake. Interestingly, opioids elevated the level of reduced glutathione, increased ATP content, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration in microglial cells exposed to LPS. These beneficial effects were associated with the upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The present results indicate that activation of opioid signaling supports the preservation of mitochondrial function with concomitant elimination of ROS in microglia and suggest that an Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism is involved in the antioxidant efficacy of opioids. Opioid receptor agonists may therefore be considered as agents to suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Shivling Mali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Honc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhao Y, Song P, Yin S, Fan T, Li F, Ge X, Liu T, Xu W, Xu S, Chen L. Onchidium struma polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycemic activity and modulate the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2023; 14:1937-1951. [PMID: 36691957 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Onchidium struma polysaccharides (OsPs) are natural biologically active compounds, and our previous work showed that they can inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase in vitro, showing potential hypoglycemic activity. However, the effects of OsPs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in vivo remain unknown. Thus, the anti-diabetic activity of OsPs was evaluated in the present study in diabetic mice. The results showed that OsPs can significantly ameliorate the features of T2DM in mice by improving the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and pro-inflammatory factors, and ameliorating insulin resistance. Furthermore, OsPs can significantly improve biochemical indicators, decrease the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. The possible mechanism of the prevention and treatment of T2DM by OsPs may involve the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT-1) signaling pathway. OsPs can regulate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and reverse the abundance of Lactobacillus in mice with T2DM. Moreover, OsPs significantly increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with T2DM. Our results indicate that OsPs can be used as a novel food supplement for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Peilin Song
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Public Analysis Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Tianyong Fan
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Fengwei Li
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China.
| | - Ligen Chen
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Song M, Dong P, Xiao H. Anti-Inflammatory Property of 5-Demethylnobiletin (5-Hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone) and Its Metabolites in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1820. [PMID: 36552328 PMCID: PMC9775120 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a unique class of flavonoid compounds mainly found in citrus plants. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of one major 5-hydroxy PMF, namely 5-demethylnobiletin (5DN) and its metabolites 5, 3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1), 5, 4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2), and 5, 3', 4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that M2 and M3 produced stronger inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) than their parent compound at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that M2 and M3 significantly decreased iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. The results also showed that M1 and M3 induced heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) gene expression. Overall, our results demonstrated that metabolites of 5DN significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and generally possessed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than the parent compound, 5DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Cheng JJ, Ma XD, Ai GX, Yu QX, Chen XY, Yan F, Li YC, Xie JH, Su ZR, Xie QF. Palmatine Protects Against MSU-Induced Gouty Arthritis via Regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2 Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2119-2132. [PMID: 35812134 PMCID: PMC9259749 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s356307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gouty arthritis could be triggered by the deposition of monosodium uric acid (MSU) crystals. Palmatine (PAL), a protoberberine alkaloid, has been proven to possess compelling health-beneficial activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of PAL on LPS plus MSU crystal-stimulated gouty arthritis in vitro and in vivo. Methods PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were primed with LPS and then stimulated with MSU crystal in the presence or absence of PAL. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related biomarkers and signal pathway key targets were determined by ELISA kit, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of PAL on MSU-induced arthritis mice were also evaluated. Results The results indicated that PAL (20, 40 and 80 μM) dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were remarkably enhanced, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced. Western blot analysis revealed that PAL appreciably inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways through inhibiting the phosphorylation of p-65 and IκBα, blocking the expression of NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and Caspase-1, as well as enhancing the antioxidant protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. In vivo, PAL attenuated MSU-induced inflammation in gouty arthritis, as evidenced by mitigating the joint swelling, and decreasing the productions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and MDA, while enhancing the levels of SOD and GSH. Moreover, PAL further attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils into joint synovitis. Conclusion PAL protected against MSU-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2 pathways. PAL may represent a potential candidate for the treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Dong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Xiang Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xia Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Li Ke and Qi Yu-ru Academic Experience Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Li Ke and Qi Yu-ru Academic Experience Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Signaling by Soft Coral-Derived Prostaglandin A 2 in RAW264.7 Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050316. [PMID: 35621967 PMCID: PMC9143063 DOI: 10.3390/md20050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and causes inflammatory diseases. We searched MeOH extracts of collected marine organisms for inhibitors of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells and identified prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) as an active compound from the MeOH extract of the soft coral Lobophytum sp. PGA2 inhibited the production of NO and reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Although short preincubation with PGA2 did not inhibit LPS-induced degradation and resynthesis of IκBα, the suppressive effect of PGA2 was observed only after a prolonged incubation period prior to LPS treatment. In addition, PGA2-inhibited NO production was negated by the addition of the EP4 antagonist L161982. Thus, PGA2 was identified as an inhibitor of LPS-induced inflammatory signaling in RAW264.7 cells.
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Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Shih YF, Chang CI, Yang CM. Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 by 15d-Prostaglandin J2 Mediated via a ROS-Dependent Sp1 and AP-1 Cascade Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Interleukin-6 Expression in Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040719. [PMID: 35453404 PMCID: PMC9024691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in various types of cells. Therefore, the induction of HO-1 is an excellent rationale for the development of protective drugs. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) can modulate the expression of antioxidant defense proteins and be beneficial for neuroinflammation. Brain endothelial cells play an important role in the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Whether 15d-PGJ2 can induce HO-1 expression and protect against the inflammatory responses in mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells remains unclear. Here, we reveal that 15d-PGJ2 stimulated HO-1 protein and mRNA expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in bEnd.3 cells, which was attenuated by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and MitoTempo. Thus, activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)- and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated 15d-PGJ2-induced HO-1 expression. ROS generation could cause phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC)δ, leading to HO-1 expression, which was suppressed by Rottlerin (selective inhibitor PKCδ), DPI, and MitoTempo. We further demonstrated that phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 participated in 15d-PGJ2-upregulated HO-1 expression, which was blocked by SP600125 or Rottlerin. Moreover, 15d-PGJ2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through the activation of c-Jun (a subunit of activator protein 1 (AP-1)) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1), leading to their interaction with the HO-1 promoter, revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, which was attenuated by SP600125, Mithramycin A, or Tanshinone II A. We further verified the anti-inflammatory effect of HO-1 expression. Our results showed that 15d-PGJ2-induced HO-1 could mitigate the lipopolysaccharide-triggered interleukin-6 expression and secretion, as measured by an ELISA assay kit. These results suggest that 15d-PGJ2-induced HO-1 expression is mediated through the activation of NOX- and mitochondria-derived ROS-dependent PKCδ/JNK1/2/Sp1 and the AP-1 signaling pathway and protects against inflammatory responses in bEnd.3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (L.-D.H.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-I.C.)
| | - Ya-Fang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (L.-D.H.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-I.C.)
| | - Ching-I Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (L.-D.H.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-I.C.)
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (L.-D.H.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-I.C.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2229)
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9
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Gao W, Guo L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M. Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809952. [PMID: 35186957 PMCID: PMC8847224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxicity, have received increasing attention from researchers in clinical practice. Drug-induced organ injury can destroy body function, reduce the patients’ quality of life, and even threaten the lives of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find protective drugs to ameliorate drug-induced injury. There is substantial evidence that protective medications can alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity by modulating both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and NF-κB in drug-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the important effects on adverse effects including toxic reactions and look forward to finding protective drugs that can target the crosstalk between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Miao Yan,
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10
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MicroRNAs in shaping the resolution phase of inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:48-62. [PMID: 33934990 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a host defense mechanism orchestrated through imperative factors - acute inflammatory responses mediated by cellular and molecular events leading to activation of defensive immune subsets - to marginalize detrimental injury, pathogenic agents and infected cells. These potent inflammatory events, if uncontrolled, may cause tissue damage by perturbing homeostasis towards immune dysregulation. A parallel host mechanism operates to contain inflammatory pathways and facilitate tissue regeneration. Thus, resolution of inflammation is an effective moratorium on the pro-inflammatory pathway to avoid the tissue damage inside the host and leads to reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the resolution pathway can have a detrimental impact on tissue functionality and contribute to the diseased state. Multiple reports have suggested peculiar dynamics of miRNA expression during various pro- and anti-inflammatory events. The roles of miRNAs in the regulation of immune responses are well-established. However, understanding of miRNA regulation of the resolution phase of events in infection or wound healing models, which is sometimes misconstrued as anti-inflammatory signaling, remains limited. Due to the deterministic role of miRNAs in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, in this review we have provided a broad perspective on the putative role of miRNAs in the resolution of inflammation and explored their imminent role in therapeutics.
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11
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Luu Hoang KN, Anstee JE, Arnold JN. The Diverse Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658315. [PMID: 33868304 PMCID: PMC8044534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active catabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and ferrous iron (Fe2+). HO-1 is expressed across a range of cancers and has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression through a variety of mechanisms. HO-1 can be expressed in a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), including both the malignant tumor cells as well as stromal cell populations such as macrophages, dendritic cells and regulatory T-cells. Intrinsically to the cell, HO-1 activity provides antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects via its catabolites as well as clearing toxic intracellular heme. However, the catabolites of heme degradation can also diffuse outside of the cell to extrinsically modulate the wider TME, influencing cellular functionality and biological processes which promote tumor progression, such as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as promoting anti-inflammation and immune suppression. Pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic approach to promote anti-tumor immune responses and inhibit metastasis. However, these biological functions might be context, TME and cell type-dependent as there is also conflicting reports for HO-1 activity facilitating anti-tumoral processes. This review will consider our current understanding of the role of HO-1 in cancer progression and as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ngan Luu Hoang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Anstee
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Endometriosis Is Associated with Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of Heme Oxygenase 1 ( HMOX1) Gene. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030695. [PMID: 33800989 PMCID: PMC8003868 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Etiopathogenesis of endometriosis is poorly understood; it is plausible, however, that the disease may be associated with oxidative stress related to local heme and iron metabolism. Therefore, the aim of the study was to reveal a possible association of endometriosis with a stress-inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). For this purpose, 228 patients with clinically confirmed endometriosis and 415 control parous women from general Polish population were examined for functional -413A>T (rs2071746) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and (GT)n dinucleotide repeat length polymorphism in the promoter of HMOX1 gene. In addition, -413A>T SNP was assessed by the specific TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay, and (GT)n polymorphism was determined by PCR product size analysis. We found that endometriosis is associated with an increased frequency of -413A(GT)31,32 haplotype (OR (95%CI) = 1.27 (1.01-1.60), p = 0.0381) and -413A(GT)31,32 homozygous genotype [OR (95%CI) = 1.51 (1.06-2.17), p = 0.0238]. These data suggest that endometriosis is associated with functional polymorphism of HMOX1 gene, and this gene may play a part in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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13
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Role of CGRP in Neuroimmune Interaction via NF-κB Signaling Genes in Glial Cells of Trigeminal Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176005. [PMID: 32825453 PMCID: PMC7503816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the trigeminal system causes the release of various neuropeptides, cytokines, and other immune mediators. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is a potent algogenic mediator, is expressed in the peripheral sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion (TG). It affects the inflammatory responses and pain sensitivity by modulating the activity of glial cells. The primary aim of this study was to use array analysis to investigate the effect of CGRP on the glial cells of TG in regulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling genes and to further check if CGRP in the TG can affect neuron-glia activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The glial cells of TG were stimulated with CGRP or Minocycline (Min) + CGRP. The effect on various genes involved in NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed compared to no treatment control condition using a PCR array analysis. CGRP, Min + CGRP or saline was directly injected inside the TG and the effect on gene expression of Egr1, Myd88 and Akt1 and protein expression of cleaved Caspase3 (cleav Casp3) in the TG, and c-Fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal section containing trigeminal nucleus caudalis was analyzed. Results showed that CGRP stimulation resulted in the modulation of several genes involved in the interleukin 1 signaling pathway and some genes of the tumor necrosis factor pathway. Minocycline pre-treatment resulted in the modulation of several genes in the glial cells, including anti-inflammatory genes, and neuronal activation markers. A mild increase in cleav Casp3 expression in TG and c-Fos and GFAP in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CGRP injected animals was observed. These data provide evidence that glial cells can participate in neuroimmune interaction due to CGRP in the TG via NF-κB signaling pathway.
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14
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Ali T, Hao Q, Ullah N, Rahman SU, Shah FA, He K, Zheng C, Li W, Murtaza I, Li Y, Jiang Y, Tan Z, Li S. Melatonin Act as an Antidepressant via Attenuation of Neuroinflammation by Targeting Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:96. [PMID: 32595452 PMCID: PMC7304371 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical or psychological stress can cause an immunologic imbalance that disturbs the central nervous system followed by neuroinflammation. The association between inflammation and depression has been widely studied in recent years, though the molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. Thus, targeting the signaling pathways that link stress to neuroinflammation might be a useful strategy against depression. The current study investigated the protective effect of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and depression. Our results showed that LPS treatment significantly induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Moreover, LPS-treatment enhanced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β, NF-κB phosphorylation, and glial cell activation markers including GFAP and Iba-1 in the brain of mice. Melatonin treatment significantly abolished the effect of LPS, as indicated by improved depressive-like behaviors, reduced cytokines level, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized LPS-altered Sirt1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression. However, the melatonin protective effects were reduced after luzindole administration. Collectively, it is concluded that melatonin receptor-dependently protects against LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors via counteracting LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Signal Transduction Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Cancer Centre, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Liu H, Yan C, Li C, You T, She Z. Naphthoquinone Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces sp. SK-S009. Molecules 2020; 25:E576. [PMID: 32013142 PMCID: PMC7037671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives, including two new (1 and 2) and 10 known (3-12), were obtained from endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. SK-S009 isolated from the fruit of Kandelia obovata. All structures were identified through extensive analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and circular dichroism (CD), as well as by comparison with literature data. These compounds significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, except for compound 2, were lower than that of indomethacin (26.3 μM). Compound 9 inhibited the LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, compound 9 reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The results of this study demonstrated that these 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 523808 Dongguan, China; (C.Y.); (C.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Chong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 523808 Dongguan, China; (C.Y.); (C.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Changqun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 523808 Dongguan, China; (C.Y.); (C.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tingting You
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 523808 Dongguan, China; (C.Y.); (C.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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16
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Guo Y, Mehrabian Z, Johnson MA, Albers DS, Rich CC, Baumgartner RA, Bernstein SL. Topical Trabodenoson Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION). Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:47. [PMID: 31879569 PMCID: PMC6927734 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.6.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the leading cause of sudden optic nerve-related vision loss currently without effective treatment. We evaluated the neuroprotective potential of ocular (topical) delivery of trabodenoson, a selective A1 receptor mimetic, in a rodent model of NAION (rNAION). Methods Daily topical delivery of 3% trabodenoson or vehicle administered in both eyes 3 days prior to rNAION induction and for 21 days post induction. Retinal appearance and optic nerve head (ONH) edema was evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Retinal function was evaluated before and after induction by ganzfeld electroretinography (ERG). Brn3a(+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were quantified by stereology. Axonal ultrastructure was evaluated by electron microscopy. Results Trabodenoson-treated eyes had significantly reduced optic nerve (ON) edema compared with vehicle-treated eyes (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Electrophysiologically, there was a nonsignificant trend toward b-wave and oscillatory potential (OP) preservation in the trabodenoson-treated eyes. RGC counts were higher in trabodenoson-treated eyes compared to vehicle (74% versus 47% of the contralateral eye; two-tailed t-test; P = 0.01), as were ON axons. No overt morphologic differences in cell inflammation were observed between vehicle- and trabodenoson-treated ONHs, but trabodenoson-treated ONHs revealed increased expression of astrocyte-related neuroprotective responses. Conclusions Trabodenoson preserves RGCs in the rodent NAION model. While previous clinical trials focused on trabodenoson's ocular antihypertensive effect, our data suggest trabodenoson's primary target may be both the retina and ONH. Selective adenosine A1 agonists may prove an appropriate neuroprotective adjunctive for ischemia-related ON diseases such as NAION and glaucoma. Translational Relevance RGC and ON neuroprotection in ischemic neuropathies may be achievable by topical administration of A1 adenosine agonists rather than by simply relying on intraocular pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore-School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zara Mehrabian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore-School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore-School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland at Baltimore-School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Urban I, Turinsky M, Gehrmann S, Morgenstern J, Brune M, Milewski MR, Wagner AH, Rumig C, Fleming T, Leuschner F, Gleissner CA, Hecker M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J
2
Reinforces the Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Endothelial Cells With a Genetically Determined NO Deficit. Circ Res 2019; 125:282-294. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Fluid shear stress (FSS) maintains NOS-3 (endothelial NO synthase) expression. Homozygosity for the C variant of the T-786C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the
NOS3
gene, which solely exists in humans, renders the gene less sensitive to FSS, resulting in a reduced endothelial cell (EC) capacity to generate NO. Decreased bioavailability of NO in the arterial vessel wall facilitates atherosclerosis. Consequently, individuals homozygous for the C variant have an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Objective:
At least 2 compensatory mechanisms seem to minimize the deleterious effects of this single-nucleotide polymorphism in affected individuals, one of which is characterized herein.
Methods and Results:
Human genotyped umbilical vein ECs and THP-1 monocytes were used to investigate the role of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J
2
(15d-PGJ
2
) in vitro. Its concentration in plasma samples from genotyped patients with CHD and age-matched CHD-free controls was determined using quantitative ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. Exposure of human ECs to FSS effectively reduced monocyte transmigration particularly through monolayers of CC-genotype ECs. Primarily in CC-genotype ECs, FSS elicited a marked rise in COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 and L-PGDS (lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase) expression, which appeared to be NO sensitive, and provoked a significant release of 15d-PGJ
2
over baseline. Exogenous 15d-PGJ
2
significantly reduced monocyte transmigration and exerted a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on the transmigrated monocytes by downregulating, for example, transcription of the IL (interleukin)-1β gene (
IL1B
). Reporter gene analyses verified that this effect is due to binding of Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]–like 2) to 2 AREs (antioxidant response elements) in the proximal
IL1B
promoter. In patients with CHD, 15d-PGJ
2
plasma levels were significantly upregulated compared with age-matched CHD-free controls, suggesting that this powerful anti-inflammatory prostanoid is part of an endogenous defence mechanism to counteract CHD.
Conclusions:
Despite a reduced capacity to form NO, CC-genotype ECs maintain a robust anti-inflammatory phenotype through an enhanced FSS-dependent release of 15d-PGJ
2
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Urban
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Martin Turinsky
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Sviatlana Gehrmann
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Moritz R. Milewski
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Andreas H. Wagner
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Cordula Rumig
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
| | - Christian A. Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Markus Hecker
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
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18
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Chowdhury MA, Choi M, Ko W, Lee H, Kim SC, Oh H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Lee DS. Standardized microwave extract of Sappan Lignum exerts anti‑inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF‑κB activation via regulation of heme oxygenase‑1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1809-1816. [PMID: 30628677 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Sappan Lignum, the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., has been used in medicine to improve blood circulation. Recently, the application of microwave extraction methods has been a major focus of research into the extraction of components from natural sources. In this experiment, we compared the anti‑inflammatory effects of Sappan Lignum prepared by heat‑70% EtOH extraction (CSE‑H‑70E) and microwave‑70% EtOH extraction (CSE‑MW‑70E). High‑performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify the compounds in these extracts. The heat‑70% EtOH and microwave‑70% EtOH extracts of Sappan Lignum had different chromatograms. CSE‑MW‑70E significantly inhibited the protein expression of iNOS and COX‑2, PGE2, TNF‑α, and reduced NO and IL‑1β production in macrophages exposed to LPS, whereas, only high concentrations of CSE‑H‑70E (20 µg/ml) resulted in any effects. Furthermore, CSE‑MW‑70E upregulated heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) expression. In addition, the use of tin protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO‑1, confirmed the inhibitory effects of CSE‑MW‑70E on pro‑inflammatory mediators. These results suggested that the CSE‑MW‑70E‑mediated upregulation of HO‑1 played an important role in the anti‑inflammatory effects of macrophages. Therefore, these findings showed that microwave extraction can be utilized to improve the extraction efficiency and biological activity of Sappan Lignum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moonbum Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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19
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Mooney JP, Galloway LJ, Riley EM. Malaria, anemia, and invasive bacterial disease: A neutrophil problem? J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:645-655. [PMID: 30570786 PMCID: PMC6487965 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri1018-400r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacterial disease is well described in immunocompromised hosts, including those with malaria infection. One bacterial infection frequently observed in children with Plasmodium falciparum infection is nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) infection, in which a typically intestinal infection becomes systemic with serious, often fatal, consequences. In this review, we consider the role of malaria‐induced immunoregulatory responses in tipping the balance from tissue homeostasis during malaria infection to risk of invasive NTS. Also, neutrophils are crucial in the clearance of NTS but their ability to mount an oxidative burst and kill intracellular Salmonella is severely compromised during, and for some time after, an acute malaria infection. Here, we summarize the evidence linking malaria and invasive NTS infections; describe the role of neutrophils in clearing NTS infections; review evidence for neutrophil dysfunction in malaria infections; and explore roles of heme oxygenase‐1, IL‐10, and complement in mediating this dysfunction. Finally, given the epidemiological evidence that low density, subclinical malaria infections pose a risk for invasive NTS infections, we consider whether the high prevalence of such infections might underlie the very high incidence of invasive bacterial disease across much of sub‐Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Mooney
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren J Galloway
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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20
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Jiang J, Jian Q, Jing M, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Shan L, Yu P, Wang Y, Xu L. The novel N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MN-08 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:109-118. [PMID: 30447529 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe respiratory disorder, and effective therapy is urgently needed. MN-08, a novel synthetic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, was investigated for its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. In vitro, the protective effect of MN-08 on inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and tight junctions (TJs) structure was explored in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and A549 cells. MN-08 markedly decreased (p < 0.001) the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas it moderately upregulated (p < 0.05) heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, MN-08 significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) cell apoptosis and improved (p < 0.001) protein expression of TJs in LPS-induced A549 cells. In vivo, the therapeutic effect of MN-08 was evaluated in the LPS-induced ALI model through intratracheal instillation in BALB/c mice. MN-08 administration dramatically attenuated (p < 0.001) pulmonary pathological changes and reduced (p < 0.001) the levels of glutamate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and number of cells in BALF, whereas it increased (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities in ALI mice. Furthermore, MN-08 markedly blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells and lung tissues. These results indicate that MN-08 exhibits lung protection in an LPS-induced ALI model via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Jiang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Jian
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Jing
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Charoensinphon N, Dong P, Qiu P, Song M, Tang Z, Xiao H. Anti-inflammatory effect of xanthomicrol, a major colonic metabolite of 5-demethyltangeretin. Food Funct 2018; 9:3104-3113. [PMID: 29808211 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethyltengeretin (5DT) is a citrus flavonoid with various potential health benefits. To provide physiologically relevant information on the anti-inflammatory properties of 5DT, we identified the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon and established its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. CD-1 mice were fed with a 5DT-containing diet for four weeks, and colonic mucosa samples were collected and subjected to LC-MS analysis. Xanthomicrol (XAN) was identified as the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon. More importantly, the colonic level of XAN was about 3.1-fold higher than that of 5DT. The anti-inflammatory effects of 5DT and XAN were determined in LPS-stimulated macrophages. XAN produced significant inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide and PGE2. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that XAN greatly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS as well as the protein level of COX-2. Furthermore, XAN also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzyme HO-1. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that XAN is a major metabolite of 5DT in the colon of mice fed with 5DT, and XAN may play important roles in the anti-inflammatory effects elicited by orally administered 5DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Ko YS, Park EJ, Kim YM, Kim HJ, Yun-Choi H, Lee DH, Chang KC. A limited series of synthetic tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids reduce inflammatory gene iNOS via inhibition of p-STAT-1 and suppress HMGB1 secretion in LPS-treated mice lung tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kansanen E, Kuosmanen SM, Ruotsalainen AK, Hynynen H, Levonen AL. Nitro-Oleic Acid Regulates Endothelin Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:481-490. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bigagli E, Cinci L, D'Ambrosio M, Luceri C. Pharmacological activities of an eye drop containing Matricaria chamomilla and Euphrasia officinalis extracts in UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation of human corneal cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:618-625. [PMID: 28704790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a risk factor for corneal damage resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of a commercial eye drop (Dacriovis™) containing Matricaria chamomilla and Euphrasia officinalis extracts on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC-12) against UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the underlying mechanisms. The antioxidant potential of the eye drops was evaluated by measuring the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. HCEC-12 cells were exposed to UVB radiation and treated with the eye drops at various concentrations. Cell viability, wound healing assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, protein and lipid oxidative damage and COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS, SOD-2, HO-1 and GSS gene expression, were assessed. Eye drops were able to protect corneal epithelial cells from UVB-induced cell death and ameliorated the wound healing; the eye drops exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, decreasing ROS levels and protein and lipid oxidative damage. Eye drops also exerted anti-inflammatory activities by decreasing COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS expression, counteracted UVB-induced GSS and SOD-2 expression and restored HO-1 expression to control levels. These findings suggest that an eye drop containing Matricaria chamomilla and Euphrasia officinalis extracts exerts positive effects against UVB induced oxidative stress and inflammation and may be useful in protecting corneal epithelial cells from UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
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Li M, Li J, Zhang T, Zhao Q, Cheng J, Liu B, Wang Z, Zhao L, Wang C. Syntheses, toxicities and anti-inflammation of H 2S-donors based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28646655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three series of H2S donors based on NSAIDs were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, IR and ESI-HRMS. The H2S-release abilities of all compounds were evaluated in the presence of TECP or cysteine. The results show all compounds were fast H2S-releasers, and their half-lives were in range of 0-20 min. Under the same condition, H2S released from compound 9 was more than any other compounds. In cytotoxicity aspect, all compounds but 1 and 2 displayed much lower toxicities to both LO2 and HepG2 cell lines, and the IC50 values of most compounds were over 800 μM. Compounds 1 and 2 had a stronger anti-proliferative activity to both cell lines, but they displayed lower toxicities to LO2 than to HepG2. Based on the cytotoxicity, the developmental toxicities of the compounds were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The results show all tested compounds 2, 9 and 15 had effects on the mortality, hatching rate and spontaneous movements of zebrafish embryos, and caused embryos teratogenesis; and the compounds had dose-dependent toxicities to both embryonic and larval zebrafish. In addition, all compounds had a better anti-inflammatory activity. In the test of anti-inflammatory activities, the tested compounds all reduced the levels of intracellular nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, COX-2), increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, HO-1). All these suggest these H2S donors based on NSAIDs have a potential to be a candidate medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Taofeng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jie Cheng
- GLP Lab Centre, School of Basic Medicine of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chenwei Wang
- School of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zhang A, Duan H, Li N, Zhao L, Pu F, Huang B, Wu C, Nan Y, Du T, Mu Y, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Zhang G, Hiscox JA, Zhou EM, Xiao S. Heme oxygenase-1 metabolite biliverdin, not iron, inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:149-161. [PMID: 27908781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Porcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromevirus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. Previously, we demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) interferes with PRRSV replication. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, here we assess whether the HO-1 downstream metabolites biliverdin (BV) and/or iron mediate the HO-1 antiviral effect. We demonstrate a BV concentration-dependent suppression of PRRSV replication and show that virions are not directly inactivated by BV. Additionally, BV or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells; however, because NAC did not reduce viral load, the BV antiviral effect is independent of decreased ROS levels. Moreover, a secondary metabolite of BV, bilirubin (BR), specifically mediates this anti-PRRSV activity via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cGMP/PKG signaling pathway. While increased iron via addition of FeCl3 did not interfere with PRRSV replication, iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO) after cobalt-protoporphyrin IX induction of HO-1 did not restore PRRSV replication. Collectively, our findings identify a HO-1-BV/BR-NO-cGMP/PKG cascade as a novel pathway underlying the host cell antiviral effect. These results provide a unique insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of the stress-responsive protein HO-1 during PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengxing Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baicheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Taofeng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - En-Min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Montana G, Lampiasi N. Substance P Induces HO-1 Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells Promoting Switch towards M2-Like Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167420. [PMID: 27907187 PMCID: PMC5132328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that mediates many physiological as well as inflammatory responses. Recently, SP has been implicated in the resolution of inflammation through induction of M2 macrophages phenotype. The shift between M1-like and M2-like, allowing the resolution of inflammatory processes, also takes place by means of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 is induced in response to oxidative stress and inflammatory stimuli and modulates the immune response through macrophages polarisation. SP induces HO-1 expression in human periodontal ligament (PDL), the latter potentially plays a role in cytoprotection. We demonstrated that SP promotes M2-like phenotype from resting as well as from M1 macrophages. Indeed, SP triggers the production of interleukine-10 (IL-10), interleukine-4 (IL-4) and arginase-1 (Arg1) without nitric oxide (NO) generation. In addition, SP increases HO-1 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Here we report that SP, without affecting cell viability, significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and ameliorates migration and phagocytic properties in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. M2-like conversion required retention of NF-κB p65 into the cytoplasm and HO-1 induced expression. Silencing of the HO-1 mRNA expression reversed the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 stimulated by LPS and down-regulated anti-inflammatory hallmarks of M2 phenotype. In conclusion, our data show that SP treatment might be associated with anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing NF-κB activation and inducing HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Montana
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Lampiasi
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Yoo SR, Kim Y, Lee MY, Kim OS, Seo CS, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Gyeji-tang water extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of ERK and NF-κB pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:390. [PMID: 27733198 PMCID: PMC5062814 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Gyeji-tang (GJT, Guizhi Tang in Chinese, Keishi-to in Japanese) is a traditional herbal decoction composed of 5 medicinal herbs. GJT has been used to treat the common cold, headaches, and fever in Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a water extract of GJT on inflammatory response using the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to upregulate inflammatory genes. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of GJT for 4 h and stimulated with LPS for an additional 20 h. Productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Protein expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results Treatment with the GJT extract enhanced expression of HO-1 in macrophages without cytotoxicity. GJT extract significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated cells. GJT suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 expression, leading to a decrease in COX-2-derived PGE2 level. In addition, GJT extract prevented phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB translocalization to the nucleus in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion These data suggest that GJT has anti-inflammatory possibly through blocking ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Kim KS, Lee DS, Kim DC, Yoon CS, Ko W, Oh H, Kim YC. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Coussaric and Betulinic Acids Isolated from Diospyros kaki in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091206. [PMID: 27618005 PMCID: PMC6272871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros kaki Thunb. is widely distributed in East Asian countries, its leaves being mainly used for making tea. In this study, coussaric acid (CA) and betulinic acid (BA), both triterpenoid compounds, were obtained from D. kaki leaf extracts through bioassay-guided isolation. CA and BA showed anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, providing important information on their anti-inflammatory mechanism. Furthermore, they markedly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. Furthermore, they decreased protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Pre-treatment with CA and BA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB. We further examined the effects of CA and BA on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: BA induced HO-1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, while CA had no effect. We also investigated whether BA treatment induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2. BA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB-binding activity, as well as pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine production (e.g., NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), by partial reversal of this effect by SnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1. These findings further elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CA and BA isolated from D. kaki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Su Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-Daero, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Wonmin Ko
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
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Yu Y, He J, Li S, Song L, Guo X, Yao W, Zou D, Gao X, Liu Y, Bai F, Ren G, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Orsini F, Verotta L, Klimo K, Gerhäuser C. Synthesis of Resveratrol Derivatives andIn VitroScreening for Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:414-27. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Orsini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Karin Klimo
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhäuser
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
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Guo X, Chen DD, Peng KS, Cui ZW, Zhang XJ, Li S, Zhang YA. Identification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis from grass carp (Ctenopharynodon idellus) for use as probiotic additives in aquatic feed. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:74-84. [PMID: 26988285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is widely used as probiotic species in aquaculture for water quality control, growth promoting, or immunity enhancing. The aim of this study is to find novel B. subtilis strains from fish as potential probiotics for aquaculture. Eleven B. subtilis isolates derived from the intestinal tract of grass carp were identified by gene sequencing and biochemical tests. These isolates were classified into 4 groups, and the representatives (GC-5, GC-6, GC-21 and GC-22) of each group were further investigated for antibiotic susceptibility, sporulation rate, biofilm formation, activity against pathogenic bacteria, resistance to stress conditions of intestinal tract (high percentage of bile and low pH) and high temperature, which are important for probiotics to be used as feed additives. Additionally, the adhesion properties of the 4 characterized strains were assessed using Caco-2 cell and gut mucus models. The results showed that the 4 strains differed in their capacities to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells and mucus. Furthermore, the strains GC-21 and GC-22 up-regulated the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β but down-regulated IL-1β, suggesting their potential anti-inflammatory abilities. Based on physiological properties of the 4 characterized B. subtilis strains, one or more strains may have potential to be used as probiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai-Song Peng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effects of TMC-256C1 from Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. SF-6354 via up-Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Murine Hippocampal and Microglial Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:529. [PMID: 27070586 PMCID: PMC4848985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of searching for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine fungi, TMC-256C1 was isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SF6354. TMC-256C1 displayed anti-neuroinflammatory effect in BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as well as neuroprotective effect against glutamate-stimulated neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. TMC-256C1 was shown to develop a cellular resistance to oxidative damage caused by glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HT22 cells, and suppress the inflammation process in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities of TMC-256C1 were associated with upregulated expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT22 and BV2 cells. We also found that TMC-256C1 activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in HT22 and BV2 cells. These results demonstrated that TMC-256C1 activates HO-1 protein expression, probably by increasing nuclear Nrf2 levels via the activation of the p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Soares MP, Hamza I. Macrophages and Iron Metabolism. Immunity 2016; 44:492-504. [PMID: 26982356 PMCID: PMC4794998 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a transition metal that due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons with a variety of molecules is essential to support life. In mammals, iron exists mostly in the form of heme, enclosed within an organic protoporphyrin ring and functioning primarily as a prosthetic group in proteins. Paradoxically, free iron also has the potential to become cytotoxic when electron exchange with oxygen is unrestricted and catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species. These biological properties demand that iron metabolism is tightly regulated such that iron is available for core biological functions while preventing its cytotoxic effects. Macrophages play a central role in establishing this delicate balance. Here, we review the impact of macrophages on heme-iron metabolism and, reciprocally, how heme-iron modulates macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Cremers NAJ, Suttorp M, Gerritsen MM, Wong RJ, van Run-van Breda C, van Dam GM, Brouwer KM, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Carels CEL, Lundvig DMS, Wagener FADTG. Mechanical Stress Changes the Complex Interplay Between HO-1, Inflammation and Fibrosis, During Excisional Wound Repair. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:86. [PMID: 26697429 PMCID: PMC4678194 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress following surgery or injury can promote pathological wound healing and fibrosis, and lead to functional loss and esthetic problems. Splinted excisional wounds can be used as a model for inducing mechanical stress. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is thought to orchestrate the defense against inflammatory and oxidative insults that drive fibrosis. Here, we investigated the activation of the HO-1 system in a splinted and non-splinted full-thickness excisional wound model using HO-1-luc transgenic mice. Effects of splinting on wound closure, HO-1 promoter activity, and markers of inflammation and fibrosis were assessed. After seven days, splinted wounds were more than three times larger than non-splinted wounds, demonstrating a delay in wound closure. HO-1 promoter activity rapidly decreased following removal of the (epi)dermis, but was induced in both splinted and non-splinted wounds during skin repair. Splinting induced more HO-1 gene expression in 7-day wounds; however, HO-1 protein expression remained lower in the epidermis, likely due to lower numbers of keratinocytes in the re-epithelialization tissue. Higher numbers of F4/80-positive macrophages, αSMA-positive myofibroblasts, and increased levels of the inflammatory genes IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 were present in 7-day splinted wounds. Surprisingly, mRNA expression of newly formed collagen (type III) was lower in 7-day wounds after splinting, whereas, VEGF and MMP-9 were increased. In summary, these data demonstrate that splinting delays cutaneous wound closure and HO-1 protein induction. The pro-inflammatory environment following splinting may facilitate higher myofibroblast numbers and increase the risk of fibrosis and scar formation. Therefore, inducing HO-1 activity against mechanical stress-induced inflammation and fibrosis may be an interesting strategy to prevent negative effects of surgery on growth and function in patients with orofacial clefts or in patients with burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A J Cremers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Maarten Suttorp
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Marlous M Gerritsen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA
| | - Coby van Run-van Breda
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Katrien M Brouwer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Association of Dutch Burn Centers , Beverwijk , Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Cleft Palate Craniofacial Center, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Carine E L Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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Fernandez-Bustamante A, Agazio A, Wilson P, Elkins N, Domaleski L, He Q, Baer KA, Moss AFD, Wischmeyer PE, Repine JE. Brief Glutamine Pretreatment Increases Alveolar Macrophage CD163/Heme Oxygenase-1/p38-MAPK Dephosphorylation Pathway and Decreases Capillary Damage but Not Neutrophil Recruitment in IL-1/LPS-Insufflated Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130764. [PMID: 26147379 PMCID: PMC4493112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamine (GLN) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) but its effect on alveolar macrophages is unknown. We hypothesized that GLN pretreatment would induce the anti-inflammatory CD163/heme oxygenase (HO)-1/p38-MAPK dephosphorylation pathway in alveolar macrophages and reduce ALI in rats insufflated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the following groups: GLN-IL-1/LPS-, GLN+IL-1/LPS-, GLN-IL-1/LPS+, and GLN+IL-1/LPS+. GLN pretreatment was given via gavage (1g/kg L-alanyl-L-glutamine) daily for 2 days. ALI was subsequently induced by insufflating 50ng IL-1 followed by 5mg/kg E.coli LPS. After 24h, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutrophil concentrations were analyzed. BAL alveolar macrophage CD163+ expression, HO-1 and p38-MAPK concentrations were measured, as well as alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 concentrations. Histology and immunofluorescence studies were also performed. Results Following IL-1/LPS insufflation, GLN pretreated rats had significantly decreased BAL protein and LDH concentrations, but not BAL neutrophil counts, compared to non-GLN pretreated rats. The number of alveolar macrophages and the number of CD163+ macrophages were significantly increased in GLN pretreated IL-1/LPS-insufflated rats compared to non-GLN pretreated, IL-1/LPS-insufflated rats. GLN pretreatment before IL-1/LPS also significantly increased HO-1 concentrations and dephosphorylated p38-MAPK levels but not cytokine levels in alveolar macrophages. Immunofluorescence localized CD163 and HO-1 in alveolar macrophages. Conclusion Short-term GLN pretreatment activates the anti-inflammatory CD163/HO-1/p38-MAPK dephosphorylation pathway of alveolar macrophages and decreases capillary damage but not neutrophil recruitment in IL-1/LPS-insufflated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandez-Bustamante
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda Agazio
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul Wilson
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nancy Elkins
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Luke Domaleski
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Qianbin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kaily A Baer
- Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Angela F D Moss
- Adult and Child Center for Health Outcomes and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul E Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John E Repine
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Webb-Waring Center, University of Colorado SOM, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Kim KS, Cui X, Lee DS, Ko W, Sohn JH, Yim JH, An RB, Kim YC, Oh H. Inhibitory effects of benzaldehyde derivatives from the marine fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989 on inflammatory mediators via the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23749-65. [PMID: 25535073 PMCID: PMC4284790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two benzaldehyde derivatives, flavoglaucin (1) and isotetrahydro-auroglaucin (2), were isolated from the marine fungus Eurotium sp. SF-5989 through bioassay- and 1H NMR-guided investigation. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 markedly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression without affecting cell viability. We also demonstrated that the compounds reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by suppressing phosphorylation of IkappaB (IκB). These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of these benzaldehyde derivatives in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were due to the inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression through the nuclear transcription factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1 and 2 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and on NF-κB binding activity were reversed by HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1 and 2 also correlated with their ability of inducing HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Xiang Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
| | - Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Ren-Bo An
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, 977 Gongyuan Road, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
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Bianchi A, Moulin D, Hupont S, Koufany M, Netter P, Reboul P, Jouzeau JY. Oxidative stress-induced expression of HSP70 contributes to the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on inducible prostaglandin pathway in chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:114-26. [PMID: 25106704 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on proinflammatory gene expression has been extensively documented and frequently ascribed to its ability to prevent NF-κB pathway activation. We and others have previously demonstrated that it was frequently independent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation. Here, we provide evidence that induction of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP)70 by oxidative stress is an additional regulatory loop supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocytes. Using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, we showed that 15d-PGJ2 stimulated HSP70, but not HSP27 expression while increasing oxidative stress as measured by spectrofluorimetry and confocal spectral imaging. Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant, we demonstrated further that oxidative stress was thoroughly responsible for the increased expression of HSP70. Finally, using an HSP70 antisense strategy, we showed that the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on IL-1-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and PGE2 synthesis was partly supported by HSP70. These data provide a new anti-inflammatory mechanism to support the PPARγ-independent effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocyte and suggest a possible feedback regulatory loop between oxidative stress and inflammation via intracellular HSP70 up-regulation. This cross talk is consistent with 15d-PGJ2 as a putative negative regulator of the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - D Moulin
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - S Hupont
- Plateforme d׳Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire PTIBC-IBISA, FR3209 CNRS-INSERM-Université de Lorraine Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Thérapeutique (BMCT), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M Koufany
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Netter
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France
| | - P Reboul
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J-Y Jouzeau
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France.
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Choi S, Nguyen VT, Tae N, Lee S, Ryoo S, Min BS, Lee JH. Anti-inflammatory and heme oxygenase-1 inducing activities of lanostane triterpenes isolated from mushroom Ganoderma lucidum in RAW264.7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Protective effects of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 on the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104032. [PMID: 25101775 PMCID: PMC4125175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. Materials and Methods After pre-incubation with CORM-2 for 1 hour, cultured intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells were stimulated with 50 µg/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cytokines levels in culture medium were detected using ELISA kits. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) of IEC-6 cell monolayers in Transwells were measured with a Millipore electric resistance system (ERS-2; Millipore) and calculated as Ω/cm2 at different time points after LPS treatment. The permeability changes were also measured using FITC-dextran. The levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were detected using Western blotting with specific antibodies. The subsequent structural changes of TJ were visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results CORM-2 significantly reduced LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β. The LPS-induced decrease of TER and increase of permeability to FITC-dextran were inhibited by CORM-2 in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05). LPS-induced reduction of tight junction proteins and increase of MLC phosphorylation were also attenuated. In LPS-treated cells, TEM showed diminished electron-dense material and interruption of TJ and desmosomes between the apical lateral margins of adjoining cells, which were prevented by CORM-2 treatment. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that CORM-2, as a novel CO-releasing molecule, has ability to protect the barrier function of LPS-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines release, restoration of TJ proteins and suppression of MLC phosphorylation are among the protective effects of CORM-2.
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Kim JH, Choo YY, Tae N, Min BS, Lee JH. The anti-inflammatory effect of 3-deoxysappanchalcone is mediated by inducing heme oxygenase-1 via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:420-6. [PMID: 25091623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), isolated from Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), is a chalcone that exerts a variety of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we demonstrated that 3-DSC exerts anti-inflammatory activity in murine macrophages by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression at the translational level. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with 3-DSC induced HO-1 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting HO-1 mRNA expression. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or actinomycin D, a transcriptional inhibitor, did not block 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction. However, 3-DSC-mediated HO-1 induction was completely blocked by treatment with cycloheximide, a translational inhibitor, or rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Strikingly, 3-DSC increased the phosphorylation level of mTOR downstream target molecules such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), as well as AKT in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting that the 3-DSC induces HO-1 expression by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Consistent with the notion that HO-1 has anti-inflammatory properties, 3-DSC inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of HO-1 activity by treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, abrogated the inhibitory effects of 3-DSC on the production of NO and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, 3-DSC may be an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level that has anti-inflammatory effects, and a valuable compound for modulating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Tsou CY, Chen CY, Zhao JF, Su KH, Lee HT, Lin SJ, Shyue SK, Hsiao SH, Lee TS. Activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase prevents foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:799-810. [PMID: 24299003 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key modulator in the regulation of vascular tone. However, its role and involving mechanism in cholesterol metabolism of macrophages and atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS Oil red O staining, Dil-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-binding assay and cholesterol efflux assay were performed in biology of foam cells. Levels of cytokines or intracellular lipid were evaluated by ELISA or colorimetric kits. Expression of gene or protein was determined by quantitative real-time PCR or Western blotting. Histopathology was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Soluble guanylyl cyclase was expressed in macrophages of mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with 1H-[1, 2, 4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, sGC inhibitor) exacerbated oxLDL-induced cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. In contrast, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, sGC activator) attenuated the oxLDL-induced cholesterol accumulation because of increased cholesterol efflux. Additionally, YC-1 dose dependently increased the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) but did not alter that of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), CD36, SR-BI or ABCG1. Moreover, YC-1-upregulated ABCA1 level depended on liver X receptor α (LXRα). Inhibition of the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway by LXRα small interfering RNA (siRNA), ABCA1 neutralizing antibody or ABCA1 siRNA abolished the effect of YC-1 on cholesterol accumulation and cholesterol efflux. In vivo, YC-1 retarded the development of atherosclerosis, accompanied by reduced serum levels of cholesterol and pro-inflammatory cytokines, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Activation of sGC by YC-1 leads to LXRα-dependent upregulation of ABCA1 in macrophages and may confer protection against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-Y. Tsou
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - C.-Y. Chen
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - J.-F. Zhao
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-H. Su
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-T. Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-J. Lin
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-H. Hsiao
- Department of Surgery; Ren-Ai Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.-S. Lee
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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Gambhir L, Checker R, Thoh M, Patwardhan R, Sharma D, Kumar M, Sandur SK. 1,4-Naphthoquinone, a pro-oxidant, suppresses immune responses via KEAP-1 glutathionylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Inhibition of replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by hemin is highly dependent on heme oxygenase-1, but independent of iron in MARC-145 cells. Antiviral Res 2014; 105:39-46. [PMID: 24583029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have failed to provide sustainable disease control, and development of new antiviral strategies is of great importance. The present study investigated the mechanism of the antiviral effect of hemin during PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells. Hemin, a commercial preparation of heme, is used as an iron donor or heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer, and has been shown to provide antiviral activity in many studies. In the current study, the anti-PRRSV activity of hemin was identified through suppressing PRRSV propagation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of hemin antiviral activity was estimated to be 32μM, and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of hemin was found to be higher than 125μM. Further study showed that the antiviral activity of hemin is independent of iron. In addition, after treatment with Protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) or Sn (IV) Protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP), inhibitors of HO-1, the inhibition of viral replication by hemin was partially reversed. Additionally, it was confirmed that hemin and N-acetyl cysteine were able to significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MARC-145 cells infected with virus. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), however, did not produce a reduction in viral load or promote expression of HO-1. Taken together, these data indicate that the effect of hemin on the inhibition of PRRSV propagation via HO-1 induction, as well as the antiviral mechanism of HO-1, is not dependent on decreased levels of ROS. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that hemin had antiviral activity against PRRSV and may serve as a useful antiviral agent inhibiting PRRSV replication.
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Kang ES, Hwang JS, Ham SA, Park MH, Kim GH, Paek KS, Yoo T, Lee WJ, Kang KR, Lee JH, Choi YJ, Seo HG. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:218-29. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.860224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Penicillinolide A: a new anti-inflammatory metabolite from the marine fungus Penicillium sp. SF-5292. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4510-26. [PMID: 24225730 PMCID: PMC3853742 DOI: 10.3390/md11114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of studies on bioactive metabolites from marine fungi, a new 10-membered lactone, named penicillinolide A (1) was isolated from the organic extract of Penicillium sp. SF-5292 as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of penicillinolide A (1) was mainly determined by analysis of NMR and MS data and Mosher’s method. Penicillinolide A (1) inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 due to inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penicillinolide A (1) also reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO activity, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of compound 1 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB DNA binding activity were partially associated with HO-1 expression through Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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A tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid THI-28 reduces LPS-induced HMGB1 and diminishes organ injury in septic mice through p38 and PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 signals. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:684-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Huang J, Qin Y, Liu B, Li GY, Ouyang L, Wang JH. In silico analysis and experimental validation of molecular mechanisms of salvianolic acid A-inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation, in RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:595-605. [PMID: 24033467 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore mechanisms by which salvianolic acid A (SAA) revealed its anti-inflammatory activity, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined by the Griess reaction and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Interleukin-6, TNFα and interleukin-1β were determined by ELISA. The RAW264.7 cells were transfected with siRNA against p38 or HO-1. Expressions of COX-2, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), NF-κB, HO-1, p-p38 and phosphorylation of IκB kinase α/β were detected by western blotting. Potential targets of SAA were analysed by homology modelling, target prediction, protein-protein interaction prediction and docking studies. RESULTS Salvianolic acid A suppressed LPS-triggered production of NO, TNFα and Interleukin-6. It also reduced protein expression of inducible NO synthase and COX-2, and reduced translocation of NF-κB to nuclei. Moreover, SAA promoted expression of phosphorylated p38, and downstream HO-1. Zn (II) protoporphyrin IX, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, or siRNA against HO-1 could effectively increase transfer of NF-κB. SAA was predicted to target amyloid-beta protein-like protein and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, that could regulate p38 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS In silico analysis and experimental validation together demonstrated that SAA exhibited its anti-inflammatory effect via the p38-HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, reduced transfer of NF-κB to the nuclei and thus reduced production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Solecki GM, Groh IAM, Kajzar J, Haushofer C, Scherhag A, Schrenk D, Esselen M. Genotoxic properties of cyclopentenone prostaglandins and the onset of glutathione depletion. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:252-61. [PMID: 23339592 DOI: 10.1021/tx300435p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are endogenous mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases during inflammatory processes. The five-membered ring can be dehydrated, and α,β-unsaturated cyclopentenone PGs (cyPGs) are generated. Recent studies have been focused on their potential pharmacological use against inflammation and cancer. However, little is known so far about possible adverse health effects of cyPGs. We addressed the question whether selected cyPGs at a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM exhibit mutagenic and genotoxic properties in the hamster lung fibroblast V79 cell line and whether these effects are accompanied by a depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH). The cyPGs 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) and prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) significantly induced DNA damage in V79 cells after 1 h of incubation. Furthermore, a more pronounced increase in formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, indicative of oxidative DNA-damage, was observed. The findings on DNA-damaging properties were supported by our results that 15dPGJ(2) acts as an aneugenic agent which induces the amount of kinetochore positive micronuclei associated with an increase of apoptosis. The strong potency of cyPGs to rapidly bind GSH measured in a chemical assay and to significantly reduce the GSH level after only 1 h of incubation may contribute to the observed oxidative DNA strand breaks, whereas directly induced oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species could be excluded. However, after an extended incubation time of 24 h no genotoxicity could be measured, this may contribute to the lack of mutagenicity in the hypoxanthine phosphorybosyltransferase (HPRT) assay. In conclusion, potential in vitro genotoxicity of cyPG and a strong impact on GSH homeostasis have been demonstrated, which may be involved in carcinogenesis mediated by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Morten Solecki
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Rahman MN, Vukomanovic D, Vlahakis JZ, Szarek WA, Nakatsu K, Jia Z. Structural insights into human heme oxygenase-1 inhibition by potent and selective azole-based compounds. J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120697. [PMID: 23097500 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors, especially those that are isozyme-selective, promises powerful pharmacological tools to elucidate the regulatory characteristics of the HO system. It is already known that HO has cytoprotective properties and may play a role in several disease states, making it an enticing therapeutic target. Traditionally, the metalloporphyrins have been used as competitive HO inhibitors owing to their structural similarity with the substrate, heme. However, given heme's important role in several other proteins (e.g. cytochromes P450, nitric oxide synthase), non-selectivity is an unfortunate side-effect. Reports that azalanstat and other non-porphyrin molecules inhibited HO led to a multi-faceted effort to develop novel compounds as potent, selective inhibitors of HO. This resulted in the creation of non-competitive inhibitors with selectivity for HO, including a subset with isozyme selectivity for HO-1. Using X-ray crystallography, the structures of several complexes of HO-1 with novel inhibitors have been elucidated, which provided insightful information regarding the salient features required for inhibitor binding. This included the structural basis for non-competitive inhibition, flexibility and adaptability of the inhibitor binding pocket, and multiple, potential interaction subsites, all of which can be exploited in future drug-design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Rahman
- 1Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and 2Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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