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Min JH, Sarlus H, Harris RA. Copper toxicity and deficiency: the vicious cycle at the core of protein aggregation in ALS. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1408159. [PMID: 39050823 PMCID: PMC11267976 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1408159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of ALS involves many signs of a disruption in copper homeostasis, with both excess free levels and functional deficiency likely occurring simultaneously. This is crucial, as many important physiological functions are performed by cuproenzymes. While it is unsurprising that many ALS symptoms are related to signs of copper deficiency, resulting in vascular, antioxidant system and mitochondrial oxidative respiration deficiencies, there are also signs of copper toxicity such as ROS generation and enhanced protein aggregation. We discuss how copper also plays a key role in proteostasis and interacts either directly or indirectly with many of the key aggregate-prone proteins implicated in ALS, such as TDP-43, C9ORF72, SOD1 and FUS as well as the effect of their aggregation on copper homeostasis. We suggest that loss of cuproprotein function is at the core of ALS pathology, a condition that is driven by a combination of unbound copper and ROS that can either initiate and/or accelerate protein aggregation. This could trigger a positive feedback cycle whereby protein aggregates trigger the aggregation of other proteins in a chain reaction that eventually captures elements of the proteostatic mechanisms in place to counteract them. The end result is an abundance of aggregated non-functional cuproproteins and chaperones alongside depleted intracellular copper stores, resulting in a general lack of cuproenzyme function. We then discuss the possible aetiology of ALS and illustrate how strong risk factors including environmental toxins such as BMAA and heavy metals can functionally behave to promote protein aggregation and disturb copper metabolism that likely drives this vicious cycle in sporadic ALS. From this synthesis, we propose restoration of copper balance using copper delivery agents in combination with chaperones/chaperone mimetics, perhaps in conjunction with the neuroprotective amino acid serine, as a promising strategy in the treatment of this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Min
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patel SH, Wilson GC, Wu Y, Keitsch S, Wilker B, Mattarei A, Ahmad SA, Szabo I, Gulbins E. Sphingosine is involved in PAPTP-induced death of pancreas cancer cells by interfering with mitochondrial functions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:947-959. [PMID: 38780771 PMCID: PMC11213728 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma belongs to the most common cancers, but also to the tumors with the poorest prognosis. Here, we pharmacologically targeted a mitochondrial potassium channel, namely mitochondrial Kv1.3, and investigated the role of sphingolipids and mutated Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) in Kv1.3-mediated cell death. We demonstrate that inhibition of Kv1.3 using the Kv1.3-inhibitor PAPTP results in an increase of sphingosine and superoxide in membranes and/or membranes associated with mitochondria, which is enhanced by KRAS mutation. The effect of PAPTP on sphingosine and mitochondrial superoxide formation as well as cell death is prevented by sh-RNA-mediated downregulation of Kv1.3. Induction of sphingosine in human pancreas cancer cells by PAPTP is mediated by activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase and prevented by an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase. A rapid depolarization of isolated mitochondria is triggered by binding of sphingosine to cardiolipin, which is neutralized by addition of exogenous cardiolipin. The significance of these findings is indicated by treatment of mutated KRAS-harboring metastasized pancreas cancer with PAPTP in combination with ABC294640, a blocker of sphingosine kinases. This treatment results in increased formation of sphingosine and death of pancreas cancer cells in vitro and, most importantly, prolongs in vivo survival of mice challenged with metastatic pancreas cancer. KEY MESSAGES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common tumor with poor prognosis. The mitochondrial Kv1.3 ion channel blocker induced mitochondrial sphingosine. Sphingosine binds to cardiolipin thereby mediating mitochondrial depolarization. Sphingosine is formed by a PAPTP-mediated activation of S1P-Phosphatase. Inhibition of sphingosine-consumption amplifies PAPTP effects on PDAC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Ding S, Li G, Fu T, Zhang T, Lu X, Li N, Geng Q. Ceramides and mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111099. [PMID: 38360249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity arises from the accumulation of lipid intermediates in non-adipose tissue, precipitating cellular dysfunction and death. Ceramide, a toxic byproduct of excessive free fatty acids, has been widely recognized as a primary contributor to lipotoxicity, mediating various cellular processes such as apoptosis, differentiation, senescence, migration, and adhesion. As the hub of lipid metabolism, the excessive accumulation of ceramides inevitably imposes stress on the mitochondria, leading to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, which is typified by adequate ATP production, regulated oxidative stress, an optimal quantity of mitochondria, and controlled mitochondrial quality. Consequently, this review aims to collate current knowledge and facts regarding the involvement of ceramides in mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality control, thereby providing insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tinglv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Du YX, Zhao YT, Sun YX, Xu AH. Acid sphingomyelinase mediates ferroptosis induced by high glucose via autophagic degradation of GPX4 in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis. Mol Med 2023; 29:125. [PMID: 37710183 PMCID: PMC10500928 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathological process of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP), although the specific underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role and possible mechanism of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated osteoblast ferroptosis in T2DOP. METHODS We treated hFob1.19 cells with normal glucose (NG) and different concentrations of high glucose (HG, 26.25 mM, 35 mM, or 43.75 mM) for 48 h. We then measured cell viability and osteogenic function, quantified ferroptosis and autophagy levels, and measured the levels of ASM and ceramide in the cells. To further investigate the specific mechanism, we examined these indicators by knocking down ASM expression, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment, or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Moreover, a T2DOP rat model was induced and microcomputed tomography was used to observe the bone microstructure. We also evaluated the serum levels of iron metabolism-associated factors, ceramide and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and measured the expression of ASM, LC3 and GPX4 in bone tissues. RESULTS HG inhibited the viability and osteogenic function of osteoblasts by inducing ferroptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of ASM and ceramide and autophagy levels were increased by HG treatment, and these factors were required for the HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and LPO. Similarly, inhibiting intracellular ROS also reduced HG-induced ASM activation and autophagy. ASM-mediated activation of autophagy was crucial for HG-induced degradation of GPX4, and inhibiting ASM improved osteogenic function by decreasing HG-induced autophagy, GPX4 degradation, LPO and subsequent ferroptosis. We also found that inhibiting ASM could alleviated ferroptosis and autophagy and improved osteogenic function in a T2DOP rat model. CONCLUSION ASM-mediated autophagy activation induces osteoblast ferroptosis under HG conditions through the degradation of GPX4, providing a novel mechanistic insight into the treatment and prevention of T2DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Tao Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Shi M, Tang C, Wu JX, Ji BW, Gong BM, Wu XH, Wang X. Mass Spectrometry Detects Sphingolipid Metabolites for Discovery of New Strategy for Cancer Therapy from the Aspect of Programmed Cell Death. Metabolites 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37512574 PMCID: PMC10384871 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a type of bioactive lipid, play crucial roles within cells, serving as integral components of membranes and exhibiting strong signaling properties that have potential therapeutic implications in anti-cancer treatments. However, due to the diverse group of lipids and intricate mechanisms, sphingolipids still face challenges in enhancing the efficacy of different therapy approaches. In recent decades, mass spectrometry has made significant advancements in uncovering sphingolipid biomarkers and elucidating their impact on cancer development, progression, and resistance. Primary sphingolipids, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, exhibit contrasting roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival. The evasion of cell death is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure and a poor prognosis. The escape initiates with long-established apoptosis and extends to other programmed cell death (PCD) forms when patients experience chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Gradually, supportive evidence has uncovered the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of PCD leading to the development of innovative molecular, genetic, and pharmacological tools that specifically target sphingolipid signaling nodes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sphingolipid biomarkers revealed through mass spectrometry in recent decades, as well as an in-depth analysis of the six main forms of PCD (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis) in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatments. We review the corresponding small-molecule compounds associated with these processes and their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- SINO-SWISS Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Wei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Cross-Regulation of the Cellular Redox System, Oxygen, and Sphingolipid Signalling. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030426. [PMID: 36984866 PMCID: PMC10054022 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-active mediators are now appreciated as powerful molecules to regulate cellular dynamics such as viability, proliferation, migration, cell contraction, and relaxation, as well as gene expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These molecules include the various reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO∙), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). For each of these molecules, direct targets have been identified which transmit the signal from the cellular redox state to a cellular response. Besides these redox mediators, various sphingolipid species have turned out as highly bioactive with strong signalling potential. Recent data suggest that there is a cross-regulation existing between the redox mediators and sphingolipid molecules that have a fundamental impact on a cell’s fate and organ function. This review will summarize the effects of the different redox-active mediators on sphingolipid signalling and metabolism, and the impact of this cross-talk on pathophysiological processes. The relevance of therapeutic approaches will be highlighted.
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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Gulbins A, Görtz GE, Gulbins E, Eckstein A. Sphingolipids in thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170884. [PMID: 37082124 PMCID: PMC10112667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is caused by an autoimmune formation of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The autoimmune reaction does not only lead to overstimulation of the thyroid gland, but very often also to an immune reaction against antigens within the orbital tissue leading to thyroid eye disease, which is characterized by activation of orbital fibroblasts, orbital generation of adipocytes and myofibroblasts and increased hyaluronan production in the orbit. Thyroid eye disease is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. Several studies indicate an important role of sphingolipids, in particular the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system and sphingosine 1-phosphate in thyroid eye disease. Here, we discuss how the biophysical properties of sphingolipids contribute to cell signaling, in particular in the context of thyroid eye disease. We further review the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in autoimmune diseases and its function in T lymphocytes to provide some novel hypotheses for the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease and potentially allowing the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
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Zhuo C, Zhao F, Tian H, Chen J, Li Q, Yang L, Ping J, Li R, Wang L, Xu Y, Cai Z, Song X. Acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in schizophrenia: implications for therapeutic intervention as a potential novel target. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:260. [PMID: 35739089 PMCID: PMC9226132 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, as the efficacies of current antipsychotic medications are far from satisfactory. An improved understanding of the signaling molecules involved in schizophrenia may provide novel therapeutic targets. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyzes cellular membrane sphingomyelin into ceramide, which is further metabolized into sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P). ASM, ceramide, and S1P at the cell surface exert critical roles in the regulation of biophysical processes that include proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, and are thereby considered important signaling molecules. Although research on the ASM/ceramide system is still in its infancy, structural and metabolic abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. ASM/ceramide system dysfunction is linked to the two important models of schizophrenia, the dopamine (DA) hypothesis through affecting presynaptic DA signaling, and the vulnerability-stress-inflammation model that includes the contribution of stress on the basis of genetic predisposition. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of ASM/ceramide system dysfunction in schizophrenia gained from human and animal studies, and formulate future directions from the biological landscape for the development of new treatments. Collectively, these discoveries suggest that aberrations in the ASM/ceramide system, especially in ASM activity and levels of ceramide and S1P, may alter cerebral microdomain structure and neuronal metabolism, leading to neurotransmitter (e.g., DA) dysfunction and neuroinflammation. As such, the ASM/ceramide system may offer therapeutic targets for novel medical interventions. Normalization of the aberrant ASM/ceramide system or ceramide reduction by using approved functional inhibitors of ASM, such as fluvoxamine and rosuvastatin, may improve clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia. These transformative findings of the ASM/ceramide system in schizophrenia, although intriguing and exciting, may pose scientific questions and challenges that will require further studies for their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing Brain Circuit, Tianjin Medical Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Hospital, 300140, Tianjin, China. .,The key Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity (PNGC_Lab) of Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Brain Micro-imaging Center of Psychiatric Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000, Taiyuan, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.452461.00000 0004 1762 8478Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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Pardridge WM. Blood-brain barrier delivery for lysosomal storage disorders with IgG-lysosomal enzyme fusion proteins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114234. [PMID: 35307484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of lysosomal storage diseases affect the brain. Treatment of the brain with intravenous enzyme replacement therapy is not successful, because the recombinant lysosomal enzymes do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biologic drugs, including lysosomal enzymes, can be re-engineered for BBB delivery as IgG-enzyme fusion proteins. The IgG domain of the fusion protein is a monoclonal antibody directed against an endogenous receptor-mediated transporter at the BBB, such as the insulin receptor or the transferrin receptor. This receptor transports the IgG across the BBB, in parallel with the endogenous receptor ligand, and the IgG acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry into brain the lysosomal enzyme genetically fused to the IgG. The IgG-enzyme fusion protein is bi-functional and retains both high affinity binding for the BBB receptor, and high lysosomal enzyme activity. IgG-lysosomal enzymes are presently in clinical trials for treatment of the brain in Mucopolysaccharidosis.
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Cottrill KA, Giacalone VD, Margaroli C, Bridges RJ, Koval M, Tirouvanziam R, McCarty NA. Mechanistic analysis and significance of sphingomyelinase-mediated decreases in transepithelial CFTR currents in nHBEs. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15023. [PMID: 34514718 PMCID: PMC8436056 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes cystic fibrosis (CF). In the lungs, this manifests as immune cell infiltration and bacterial infections, leading to tissue destruction. Previous work has determined that acute bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) decreases CFTR function in bronchial epithelial cells from individuals without CF (nHBEs) and with CF (cfHBEs, homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mutation). This study focuses on exploring the mechanisms underlying this effect. SMase increased the abundance of dihydroceramides, a result mimicked by blockade of ceramidase enzyme using ceranib-1, which also decreased CFTR function. The SMase-mediated inhibitory mechanism did not involve the reduction of cellular CFTR abundance or removal of CFTR from the apical surface, nor did it involve the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. In order to determine the pathological relevance of these sphingolipid imbalances, we evaluated the sphingolipid profiles of cfHBEs and cfHNEs (nasal) as compared to non-CF controls. Sphingomyelins, ceramides, and dihydroceramides were largely increased in CF cells. Correction of ΔF508-CFTR trafficking with VX445 + VX661 decreased some sphingomyelins and all ceramides, but exacerbated increases in dihydroceramides. Additional treatment with the CFTR potentiator VX770 did not affect these changes, suggesting rescue of misfolded CFTR was sufficient. We furthermore determined that cfHBEs express more acid-SMase protein than nHBEs. Lastly, we determined that airway-like neutrophils, which are increased in the CF lung, secrete acid-SMase. Identifying the mechanism of SMase-mediated inhibition of CFTR will be important, given the imbalance of sphingolipids in CF cells and the secretion of acid-SMase from cell types relevant to CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Vincent D. Giacalone
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Department of MedicineDivision of PulmonaryAllergy & Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Program in Protease/Matrix BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Robert J. Bridges
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCenter for Genetic DiseasesChicago Medical SchoolNorth ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Department of Cell BiologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaCenter for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease ResearchEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Nael A. McCarty
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology PhD ProgramEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaCenter for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease ResearchEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Rajendran KV, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod-borne pathogen transmission. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1622-1638. [PMID: 33960414 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts and transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins, lipids and immunomodulators, such as I. scapularis sphingomyelinase (IsSMase)-like protein, an ortholog of dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom of Loxosceles spp. of spiders. IsSMase modulates the host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1-mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick to the vertebrate host, and exosomes derived from tick saliva/salivary glands suppress C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and interleukin-8 immune response(s) in human skin to delay wound healing and repair processes. IsSMase affects also viral replication and exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick-to-vertebrate host transmission of pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate on exosomes and their biogenesis as potential candidates for developing novel control measure(s) to combat tick-borne diseases. Such targets could help with the development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine for preventing the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundave V Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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13
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Thayyullathil F, Cheratta AR, Alakkal A, Subburayan K, Pallichankandy S, Hannun YA, Galadari S. Acid sphingomyelinase-dependent autophagic degradation of GPX4 is critical for the execution of ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:26. [PMID: 33414455 PMCID: PMC7791123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by ROS accumulation and devastating lipid peroxidation (LPO). The role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, in the induction of apoptosis has been studied; however, to date its role in ferroptosis is unclear. In this study, we report that ASM plays a hitherto unanticipated role in promoting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Erastin (Era) treatment results in the activation of ASM and generation of ceramide, which are required for the Era-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and LPO. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) or removal of intracellular ROS, significantly reduced Era-induced ASM activation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS regulated ASM-initiated redox signaling in a positive feedback manner. Moreover, ASM-mediated activation of autophagy plays a critical role in ferroptosis inducers (FINs)-induced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) degradation and ferroptosis activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ASM diminishes Era-induced features of autophagy, GPX4 degradation, LPO, and subsequent ferroptosis. Importantly, genetic activation of ASM increases ferroptosis in cancer cells induced by various FINs. Collectively, these findings reveal that ASM plays a novel role in ferroptosis that could be exploited to improve pathological conditions that link to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anees Rahman Cheratta
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ameer Alakkal
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Karthikeyan Subburayan
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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14
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Li C, Guo S, Pang W, Zhao Z. Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:378. [PMID: 32010692 PMCID: PMC6971222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes that are assembled by pattern recognition receptors following the recognition of invading pathogens or host-derived danger signals. Inflammasomes such as NLRP3 mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Regulation of inflammasome signaling is critical for host defense against infections and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to multiple harmful stimuli. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in regulating inflammasome activation. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which further fuses to large ceramide-enriched platforms functioning in stabilizing and amplifying molecules and receptors. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Villamor E, Moreno L, Mohammed R, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Cogolludo A. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of oxygen signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:82-96. [PMID: 30995535 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently seen as pathological agents of oxidative stress. However, ROS are not always deleterious and can also act as cell signaling molecules. Vascular oxygen sensing and signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition is a remarkable example of the physiological regulatory actions of ROS. The fetal relative hypoxic environment induces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and ductus arteriosus (DA) relaxation favoring the presence of high pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left ductal shunt. At birth, the increase in oxygen tension causes relaxation of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and normoxic DA vasoconstriction (NDAV), thus diverting blood flow to the lungs. Although the response to changes in oxygen tension is diametrically opposite, the mechanisms responsible for HPV and NDAV appear to be the result of a similar interaction between triggering and modulating factors that lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitization of the contractile apparatus. Growing evidence points to an increase in ROS (mitochondria- and/or NADPH-derived superoxide and/or H2O2), leading to inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels, membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels as critical events in the signaling pathway of both HPV and NDAV. Several groups of investigators have completed this pathway adding other elements such as neutral sphingomyelinase-derived ceramide, the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (through ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors), Rho kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization, or transient receptor potential channels. The present review focus on the role of ROS as mediators of the homeostatic oxygen sensing system during fetal and neonatal life not only in the PAs and DA but also in systemic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Riazzudin Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Ramírez-Montiel F, Mendoza-Macías C, Andrade-Guillén S, Rangel-Serrano Á, Páramo-Pérez I, Rivera-Cuéllar PE, España-Sánchez BL, Luna-Bárcenas G, Anaya-Velázquez F, Franco B, Padilla-Vaca F. Plasma membrane damage repair is mediated by an acid sphingomyelinase in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008016. [PMID: 31461501 PMCID: PMC6713333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogen that during its infective process confronts the host defenses, which damages the amoebic plasma membrane (PM), resulting in the loss of viability. However, it is unknown whether amoebic trophozoites are able to repair their PM when it is damaged. Acid sphingomyelinases (aSMases) have been reported in mammalian cells to promote endocytosis and removal of PM lesions. In this work, six predicted amoebic genes encoding for aSMases were found to be transcribed in the HM1:IMSS strain, finding that the EhaSM6 gene is the most transcribed in basal growth conditions and rendered a functional protein. The secreted aSMase activity detected was stimulated by Mg+2 and inhibited by Co+2. Trophozoites that overexpress the EhaSM6 gene (HM1-SM6HA) exhibit an increase of 2-fold in the secreted aSMase activity. This transfectant trophozoites exposed to pore-forming molecules (SLO, Magainin, β-Defensin 2 and human complement) exhibited an increase from 6 to 25-fold in the secreted aSMase activity which correlated with higher amoebic viability in a Ca+2 dependent process. However, other agents that affect the PM such as hydrogen peroxide also induced an increase of secreted aSMase, but to a lesser extent. The aSMase6 enzyme is N- and C-terminal processed. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy showed that trophozoites treated with SLO presented a migration of lysosomes containing the aSMase towards the PM, inducing the formation of membrane patches and endosomes in the control strain. These cellular structures were increased in the overexpressing strain, indicating the involvement of the aSMase6 in the PM injury repair. The pore-forming molecules induced an increase in the expression of EhaSM1, 2, 5 and 6 genes, meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide induced an increase in all of them. In all the conditions evaluated, the EhaSM6 gene exhibited the highest levels of induction. Overall, these novel findings show that the aSMase6 enzyme from E. histolytica promotes the repair of the PM damaged with pore-forming molecules to prevent losing cell integrity. This novel system could act when encountered with the lytic defense systems of the host. The host-amoeba relationship is based on a series of interplays between host defense mechanisms and parasite survival strategies. While host cells elaborate diverse mechanisms for pathogen elimination, Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites have also developed complex strategies to counteract host immune response and facilitate its own survival while confronting host defenses. E. histolytica exposed to pore-forming proteins such as β-Defensin 2, human complement and Streptolysin O (SLO), increases the activity of secreted aSMase, which is related to greater amoebic viability. Other agents that affect plasma membrane (PM) may also increase secreted aSMase but to a lesser extent. SLO form pores in the PM of E. histolytica trophozoites that initiates the uncontrolled entry of Ca2+, recognized as the primary trigger for cell responses which favors the migration of the lysosomes to the periphery of the cell, fuses with the PM and release their content, including aSMase to the external side of the cell. The secreted aSMase favoring the internalization of the lesion for its degradation in phagolysosomes. During the early stages of PM damage, the pores are rapidly blocked by patch-like structures that prevent the lysis of the trophozoite and immediately begin internalizing the lesion. The aSMase6 overexpression favors the repair of the lesion and the survival of E. histolytica trophozoites. Pore-forming proteins induced an increase in the expression of EhaSM1, 2, 5 and 6 genes, meanwhile oxidative stress induced an increase in all of them. Here we report, for the first time, that E. histolytica possess a mechanism for PM damage repair mediated by aSMase similar to the system described in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ramírez-Montiel
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Macías
- Departmento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sairy Andrade-Guillén
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Rangel-Serrano
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Itzel Páramo-Pérez
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Paris E. Rivera-Cuéllar
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - B. Liliana España-Sánchez
- CONACYT_Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ) S.C. Parque Tecnológico, San Fandila, Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Querétaro, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando Anaya-Velázquez
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- * E-mail: (BF); (FPV)
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- * E-mail: (BF); (FPV)
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17
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Andrews NW. Solving the secretory acid sphingomyelinase puzzle: Insights from lysosome-mediated parasite invasion and plasma membrane repair. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13065. [PMID: 31155842 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves the phosphorylcholine head group of sphingomyelin, generating ceramide. Recessive mutations in SMPD1, the gene encoding ASM, cause Niemann-Pick Disease Types A and B. These disorders are attributed not only to lipid accumulation inside lysosomes but also to changes on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, highlighting an extracellular role for ASM. Secretion of ASM occurs under physiological conditions, and earlier studies proposed two forms of the enzyme, one resident in lysosomes and another form that would be diverted to the secretory pathway. Such differential intracellular trafficking has been difficult to explain because there is only one SMPD1 transcript that generates an active enzyme, found primarily inside lysosomes. Unexpectedly, studies of cell invasion by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that conventional lysosomes can fuse with the plasma membrane in response to elevations in intracellular Ca2+ , releasing their contents extracellularly. ASM exocytosed from lysosomes remodels the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, promoting parasite invasion and wound repair. Here, we discuss the possibility that ASM release during lysosomal exocytosis, in response to various forms of stress, may represent a major source of the secretory form of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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18
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Kim D, Tseng HW, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Agonists that stimulate secretion promote the recruitment of CFTR into membrane lipid microdomains. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:834-849. [PMID: 31048413 PMCID: PMC6572005 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a tightly regulated anion channel that mediates secretion by epithelia and is mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis. CFTR forms macromolecular complexes with many proteins; however, little is known regarding its associations with membrane lipids or the regulation of its distribution and mobility at the cell surface. We report here that secretagogues (agonists that stimulate secretion) such as the peptide hormone vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and muscarinic agonist carbachol increase CFTR aggregation into cholesterol-dependent clusters, reduce CFTR lateral mobility within and between membrane microdomains, and trigger the fusion of clusters into large (3.0 µm2) ceramide-rich platforms. CFTR clusters are closely associated with motile cilia and with the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) that is constitutively bound on the cell surface. Platform induction is prevented by pretreating cells with cholesterol oxidase to disrupt lipid rafts or by exposure to the ASMase functional inhibitor amitriptyline or the membrane-impermeant reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Platforms are reversible, and their induction does not lead to an increase in apoptosis; however, blocking platform formation does prevent the increase in CFTR surface expression that normally occurs during VIP stimulation. These results demonstrate that CFTR is colocalized with motile cilia and reveal surprisingly robust regulation of CFTR distribution and lateral mobility, most likely through autocrine redox activation of extracellular ASMase. Formation of ceramide-rich platforms containing CFTR enhances transepithelial secretion and likely has other functions related to inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dusik Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hsin Wei Tseng
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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19
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Ladjohounlou R, Lozza C, Pichard A, Constanzo J, Karam J, Le Fur P, Deshayes E, Boudousq V, Paillas S, Busson M, Le Blay M, Jarlier M, Marcatili S, Bardiès M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Torgue J, Navarro-Teulon I, Pouget JP. Drugs That Modify Cholesterol Metabolism Alter the p38/JNK-Mediated Targeted and Nontargeted Response to Alpha and Auger Radioimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4775-4790. [PMID: 31061069 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For the development of new anticancer therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, including alpha particle emitters, it is important to determine the contribution of targeted effects in irradiated cells, and also of nontargeted effects in nonirradiated neighboring cells, because they may affect the therapeutic efficacy and contribute to side effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we investigated the contribution of nontargeted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo (in xenografted mice) during alpha (212Pb/212Bi, 213Bi) and Auger (125I) radioimmunotherapy (RIT). RESULTS Between 67% and 94% (alpha RIT) and 8% and 15% (Auger RIT) of cancer cells were killed by targeted effects, whereas 7% to 36% (alpha RIT) and 27% to 29% (Auger RIT) of cells were killed by nontargeted effects. We then demonstrated that the nontargeted cell response to alpha and Auger RIT was partly driven by lipid raft-mediated activation of p38 kinase and JNK. Reactive oxygen species also played a significant role in these nontargeted effects, as demonstrated by NF-κB activation and the inhibitory effects of antioxidant enzymes and radical scavengers. Compared with RIT alone, the use of RIT with ASMase inhibitor (imipramine) or with a lipid raft disruptor (e.g., methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or filipin) led to an increase in clonogenic cell survival in vitro and to larger tumors and less tissue DNA damage in vivo. These results were supported by an inhibitory effect of pravastatin on Auger RIT. CONCLUSIONS Cell membrane-mediated nontargeted effects play a significant role during Auger and alpha RIT, and drugs that modulate cholesterol level, such as statins, could interfere with RIT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Ladjohounlou
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Lozza
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pichard
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Constanzo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jihad Karam
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Le Fur
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Boudousq
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Salomé Paillas
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Busson
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Le Blay
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Marcatili
- UMR 1037 INSERM/UPS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Bardiès
- UMR 1037 INSERM/UPS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Navarro-Teulon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Aldosari MH, de Vries RP, Rodriguez LR, Hesen NA, Beztsinna N, van Kuilenburg ABP, Hollak CEM, Schellekens H, Mastrobattista E. Liposome-targeted recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase: Production, formulation, and in vitro evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:185-195. [PMID: 30818011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type B is a hereditary rare condition caused by deficiency of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) that is needed for lysosomal hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine. This deficiency leads to a massive accumulation of sphingomyelin in cells throughout the body, predominantly in the liver, spleen and lungs. Currently, there is no effective treatment available. Olipudase alfa (recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase; rhASM) is an investigational drug that has shown promising results. However, dose-dependent toxicity was observed in mice upon the intravenous administration of rhASM, potentially due to the systemic release of ceramide upon the extracellular degradation of sphingomyelin by rhASM. Using a nanocarrier to deliver the rhASM to cells could improve the therapeutic window by shielding the rhASM to prevent the off-target degradation of sphingomyelin. For this aim, we recombinantly expressed hASM in human cells and loaded it into different liposomal formulations at a drug-to-lipid ratio of 4% (w/w). Among four formulations, the liposomal rhASM formulation with the composition DPPC:DOPS:BMP:CHOL:DiD (59:20:10:10:1 mol%) was selected because of its superiority concerning the encapsulation efficiency of rhASM (21%) and cellular uptake by fibroblasts and macrophages. The selected liposomal rhASM formulation significantly reduced the accumulated lyso-sphingomyelin in NPD-B fibroblasts by 71%, part of this effect was stimulated by the used lipids, compared to 55% when using the free rhASM enzyme. More importantly, the undesired extracellular degradation of sphingomyelin was reduced when using the selected liposomal rhASM by 61% relative to the free rhASM. The presented in vitro data indicate that the liposomal rhASM is effective and may provide a safer intervention than free rhASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Drug Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia R Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke A Hesen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Schellekens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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21
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Cogolludo A, Villamor E, Perez-Vizcaino F, Moreno L. Ceramide and Regulation of Vascular Tone. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020411. [PMID: 30669371 PMCID: PMC6359388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to playing a role as a structural component of cellular membranes, ceramide is now clearly recognized as a bioactive lipid implicated in a variety of physiological functions. This review aims to provide updated information on the role of ceramide in the regulation of vascular tone. Ceramide may induce vasodilator or vasoconstrictor effects by interacting with several signaling pathways in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. There is a clear, albeit complex, interaction between ceramide and redox signaling. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate different ceramide generating pathways and, conversely, ceramide is known to increase ROS production. In recent years, ceramide has emerged as a novel key player in oxygen sensing in vascular cells and mediating vascular responses of crucial physiological relevance such as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) or normoxic ductus arteriosus constriction. Likewise, a growing body of evidence over the last years suggests that exaggerated production of vascular ceramide may have detrimental effects in a number of pathological processes including cardiovascular and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Pouget JP, Georgakilas AG, Ravanat JL. Targeted and Off-Target (Bystander and Abscopal) Effects of Radiation Therapy: Redox Mechanisms and Risk/Benefit Analysis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1447-1487. [PMID: 29350049 PMCID: PMC6199630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Radiation therapy (from external beams to unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources) takes advantage of the detrimental effects of the clustered production of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research has mainly focused on the interaction of radiation with water, which is the major constituent of living beings, and with nuclear DNA, which contains the genetic information. This led to the so-called target theory according to which cells have to be hit by ionizing particles to elicit an important biological response, including cell death. In cancer therapy, the Poisson law and linear quadratic mathematical models have been used to describe the probability of hits per cell as a function of the radiation dose. Recent Advances: However, in the last 20 years, many studies have shown that radiation generates "danger" signals that propagate from irradiated to nonirradiated cells, leading to bystander and other off-target effects. CRITICAL ISSUES Like for targeted effects, redox mechanisms play a key role also in off-target effects through transmission of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and also of cytokines, ATP, and extracellular DNA. Particularly, nuclear factor kappa B is essential for triggering self-sustained production of ROS and RNS, thus making the bystander response similar to inflammation. In some therapeutic cases, this phenomenon is associated with recruitment of immune cells that are involved in distant irradiation effects (called "away-from-target" i.e., abscopal effects). FUTURE DIRECTIONS Determining the contribution of targeted and off-target effects in the clinic is still challenging. This has important consequences not only in radiotherapy but also possibly in diagnostic procedures and in radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Pouget
- 1 Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) , INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- 2 DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- 3 Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS INAC SyMMES UMR 5819, Grenoble, France
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Wu Y, Gulbins E, Grassmé H. Crosstalk Between Sphingomyelinases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Mycobacterial Infection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:935-948. [PMID: 28276697 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most important infections worldwide. The sphingomyelinase/ceramide system, which has been shown to be a crucial factor in internalizing and killing various pathogens, modulates both the proinflammatory response and the state of mycobacteria in macrophages. However, studies about the role of sphingomyelinases in TB are still at an early stage. Recent Advances: Recent studies elucidated several roles of sphingomyelinases in manipulating mycobacterial infections. On the one hand, acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) promotes the fusion of bacteria-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, whereas on the other hand, Asm-derived ceramide induces cell death. Neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) enhances the release of reactive oxygen species, which suppress autophagy in infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo, allowing the pathogen to survive within macrophages. These findings indicate that the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in the attack of mycobacteria against the host. Critical Issues: Autophagy is a main strategy of mycobacterial clearance in TB, but the relevant mechanisms are still unknown. Additionally, there are indications that both Asm and Nsm are crucially involved in the formation of granulomas, which are a hallmark and a special structure of TB. However, very few findings have yet been published. Future Directions: Additional studies of the Nsm/ceramide system, which contributes to the resistance or susceptibility, respectively, of the host to mycobacterial infections, will detect currently unknown molecular mechanisms. Because inhibitors of Nsm already exist, targeting Nsm may be a novel approach to developing treatment options for mycobacterial infections. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 935-948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heike Grassmé
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Lee R, Li PL. Sphingolipids and Redox Signaling in Renal Regulation and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1008-1026. [PMID: 29121774 PMCID: PMC5849286 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sphingolipids play critical roles in the membrane biology and intracellular signaling events that influence cellular behavior and function. Our review focuses on the cellular mechanisms and functional relevance of the cross talk between sphingolipids and redox signaling, which may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of different renal diseases. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sphingolipids can regulate cellular redox homeostasis through the regulation of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial integrity, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and antioxidant enzymes. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advancements in the field of sphingolipid research, and it was in 2010 for the first time that sphingolipid receptor modulator was exploited as a therapeutic in humans. The cross talk of sphingolipids with redox signaling pathways becomes an important mechanism in the development of many different diseases such as renal diseases. Critical Issues: The critical issues to be addressed in this review are how sphingolipids interact with the redox signaling pathway to regulate renal function and even result in chronic kidney diseases. Ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as main signaling sphingolipids are discussed in more detail. Future Directions: Although sphingolipids and ROS may mediate or modulate cellular responses to physiological and pathological stimuli, more translational studies and mechanistic pursuit in a tissue- or cell-specific way are needed to enhance our understanding of this important topic and to develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with redox signaling and sphingolipid cross talk. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1008-1026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - RaMi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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25
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Novgorodov SA, Voltin JR, Gooz MA, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Gudz TI. Acid sphingomyelinase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction due to glutamate-induced regulated necrosis. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:312-329. [PMID: 29282302 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc-, a key antioxidant defense machinery in the CNS, could trigger a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. The underlying mechanisms of system xc--dependent cell demise were elucidated using primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) treated with glutamate to block system xc- function. Pharmacological analysis revealed ferroptosis as a major contributing factor to glutamate-initiated OL death. A sphingolipid profile showed elevations of ceramide species and sphingosine that were preventable by inhibiting of an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. OL survival was enhanced by both downregulating ASM expression and blocking ASM activity. Glutamate-induced ASM activation seems to involve posttranscriptional mechanisms and was associated with a decreased GSH level. Further investigation of the mechanisms of OL response to glutamate revealed enhanced reactive oxygen species production, augmented lipid peroxidation, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that were attenuated by hindering ASM. Of note, knocking down sirtuin 3, a deacetylase governing the mitochondrial antioxidant system, reduced OL survival. The data highlight the importance of the mitochondrial compartment in regulated necrotic cell death and accentuate the novel role of ASM in disturbing mitochondrial functions during OL response to glutamate toxicity, which is essential for pathobiology in stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joshua R Voltin
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Monika A Gooz
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Tatyana I Gudz
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 .,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
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26
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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27
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Kobayashi K, Ishizaki Y, Kojo S, Kikuzaki H. Strong Inhibition of Secretory Sphingomyelinase by Catechins, Particularly by (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-Gallate and (-)-3'-O-Methylepigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:123-9. [PMID: 27264097 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases (SMases) are key enzymes involved in many diseases which are caused by oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease. SMases hydrolyze sphingomyelin to generate ceramide, a well-known pro-apoptotic lipid. SMases are classified into five types based on pH optimum, subcellular localization, and cation dependence. Previously, we demonstrated that elevation of secretory sphingomyelinase (sSMase) activity increased the plasma ceramide concentration under oxidative stress induced by diabetes and atherosclerosis in murine models. These results suggest that sSMase inhibitors can prevent the progress of these diseases. The present study demonstrated that sSMase activity was activated by oxidation and inhibited by reduction. Furthermore, we examined whether catechins inhibited the sSMase activity in a physiological plasma concentration. Among catechins, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECg) exhibited strong inhibitory effect on sSMase (IC50=25.7 μM). This effect was attenuated by methylation at the 3″- or 4″-position. On the other hand, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCg) and (-)-catechin 3-O-gallate (Cg) exhibited weaker inhibitory activity than ECg, and (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin did not affect sSMase activity. Additionally, one synthetic catechin, (-)-3'-O-methylepigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCg-3'-O-Me), showed the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50=1.7 μM) on sSMase. This phenomenon was not observed for (-)-4'-O-methylepigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. These results suggest that the reduction potential, the presence of the galloyl residue at the C-3 position, and the steric requirement to interact with sSMase protein are important for effective inhibition of sSMase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
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28
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Niaudet C, Bonnaud S, Guillonneau M, Gouard S, Gaugler MH, Dutoit S, Ripoche N, Dubois N, Trichet V, Corre I, Paris F. Plasma membrane reorganization links acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide to p38 MAPK pathways in endothelial cells apoptosis. Cell Signal 2017; 33:10-21. [PMID: 28179144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential in the cellular response to stress stimuli, in particular in the endothelial cells that are major target of external stress. The importance of the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase is also firmly established in stress-induced endothelial apoptotic cell death. Despite a suggested link between the p38 MAPK and ceramide pathways, the exact molecular events of this connection remain elusive. In the present study, by using two different activators of p38 MAPK, namely anisomycin and ionizing radiation, we depicted how ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase was involved in p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis of endothelial cells. We first proved that both anisomycin and ionizing radiation conducted to apoptosis through activation of p38 MAPK in human microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1. We then found that both treatments induced activation of acid sphingomyelinase and the generation of ceramide. This step was required for p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis. We finally showed that irradiation, as well as treatment with exogenous C16-ceramide or bacterial sphingomyelinase, induced in endothelial cells a deep reorganization of the plasma membrane with formation of large lipid platforms at the cell surface, leading to p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Altogether, our results proved that the plasma membrane reorganization leading to ceramide production is essential for stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis in endothelial cells and established the link between the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Niaudet
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie-Hélène Gaugler
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; IRSN, Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Soizic Dutoit
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Dubois
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Corre
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Laboratoire de Biologie du Cancer et Théranostique, ICO, Saint-Herblain, France.
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29
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Hashimoto N, Matsumoto I, Takahashi H, Ashikawa H, Nakamura H, Murayama T. Cholesterol-dependent increases in glucosylceramide synthase activity in Niemann-Pick disease type C model cells: Abnormal trafficking of endogenously formed ceramide metabolites by inhibition of the enzyme. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:458-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Human acid sphingomyelinase structures provide insight to molecular basis of Niemann-Pick disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13082. [PMID: 27725636 PMCID: PMC5062611 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine, essential components of myelin in neurons. Genetic alterations in ASM lead to ASM deficiency (ASMD) and have been linked to Niemann–Pick disease types A and B. Olipudase alfa, a recombinant form of human ASM, is being developed as enzyme replacement therapy to treat the non-neurological manifestations of ASMD. Here we present the human ASM holoenzyme and product bound structures encompassing all of the functional domains. The catalytic domain has a metallophosphatase fold, and two zinc ions and one reaction product phosphocholine are identified in a histidine-rich active site. The structures reveal the underlying catalytic mechanism, in which two zinc ions activate a water molecule for nucleophilic attack of the phosphodiester bond. Docking of sphingomyelin provides a model that allows insight into the selectivity of the enzyme and how the ASM domains collaborate to complete hydrolysis. Mapping of known mutations provides a basic understanding on correlations between enzyme dysfunction and phenotypes observed in ASMD patients. Genetic alterations in the protein acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) lead to ASM deficiency and have been associated with Niemann–Pick disease. Here, the authors report the crystal structures of ASM alone and bound to its product, and discuss the catalytic mechanism and its possible significance for patients with ASM deficiency.
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31
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Gorelik A, Illes K, Heinz LX, Superti-Furga G, Nagar B. Crystal structure of mammalian acid sphingomyelinase. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12196. [PMID: 27435900 PMCID: PMC4961792 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase, ASM, SMPD1) converts sphingomyelin into ceramide, modulating membrane properties and signal transduction. Inactivating mutations in ASMase cause Niemann-Pick disease, and its inhibition is also beneficial in models of depression and cancer. To gain a better understanding of this critical therapeutic target, we determined crystal structures of mammalian ASMase in various conformations. The catalytic domain adopts a calcineurin-like fold with two zinc ions and a hydrophobic track leading to the active site. Strikingly, the membrane interacting saposin domain assumes either a closed globular conformation independent from the catalytic domain, or an open conformation, which establishes an interface with the catalytic domain essential for activity. Structural mapping of Niemann-Pick mutations reveals that most of them likely destabilize the protein's fold. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism of ASMase function, and provides a platform for the rational development of ASMase inhibitors and therapeutic use of recombinant ASMase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gorelik
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Leonhard X. Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria,Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria,Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1,Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1,
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32
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Xiong ZJ, Huang J, Poda G, Pomès R, Privé GG. Structure of Human Acid Sphingomyelinase Reveals the Role of the Saposin Domain in Activating Substrate Hydrolysis. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3026-42. [PMID: 27349982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lysosomal phosphodiesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to produce ceramide and phosphocholine. While other lysosomal sphingolipid hydrolases require a saposin activator protein for full activity, the ASM polypeptide incorporates a built-in N-terminal saposin domain and does not require an external activator protein. Here, we report the crystal structure of human ASM and describe the organization of the three main regions of the enzyme: the N-terminal saposin domain, the proline-rich connector, and the catalytic domain. The saposin domain is tightly associated along an edge of the large, bowl-shaped catalytic domain and adopts an open form that exposes a hydrophobic concave surface approximately 30Å from the catalytic center. The calculated electrostatic potential of the enzyme is electropositive at the acidic pH of the lysosome, consistent with the strict requirement for the presence of acidic lipids in target membranes. Docking studies indicate that sphingomyelin binds with the ceramide-phosphate group positioned at the binuclear zinc center and molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the intrinsic flexibility of the saposin domain is important for monomer-dimer exchange and for membrane interactions. Overall, ASM uses a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to cause local disruptions of target bilayers in order to bring the lipid headgroup to the catalytic center in a membrane-bound reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Régis Pomès
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Polishchuk EV, Polishchuk RS. The emerging role of lysosomes in copper homeostasis. Metallomics 2016; 8:853-62. [PMID: 27339113 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal system operates as a focal point where a number of important physiological processes such as endocytosis, autophagy and nutrient sensing converge. One of the key functions of lysosomes consists of regulating the metabolism/homeostasis of metals. Metal-containing components are carried to the lysosome through incoming membrane flows, while numerous transporters allow metal ions to move across the lysosome membrane. These properties enable lysosomes to direct metal fluxes to the sites where metal ions are either used by cellular components or sequestered. Copper belongs to a group of metals that are essential for the activity of vitally important enzymes, although it is toxic when in excess. Thus, copper uptake, supply and intracellular compartmentalization have to be tightly regulated. An increasing number of publications have indicated that these processes involve lysosomes. Here we review studies that reveal the expanding role of the lysosomal system as a hub for the control of Cu homeostasis and for the regulation of key Cu-dependent processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA), 80078, Italy.
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Oxidative Stress Increases Surface Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Murine Macrophages Via Ceramide Generation. Shock 2016; 44:157-65. [PMID: 25944793 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiorgan failure is a major cause of late mortality following trauma. Oxidative stress generated during shock/resuscitation contributes to tissue injury by priming the immune system for an exaggerated response to subsequent inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We recently reported that oxidative stress causes rapid recruitment of the LPS receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to membrane lipid rafts, thus increasing LPS responsiveness and cellular priming. We hypothesized that activation of Src family kinases by oxidants might contribute to these events. We utilized microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and thin-layer chromatography methods. Using hydrogen peroxide in vitro and hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in vivo, oxidant-induced TLR4 translocation in macrophages occurred in an Src-dependent manner. Approaches supporting this conclusion included pharmacologic inhibition of the Src family kinases by PP2, Src inhibition by a molecular approach of cell transfection with Csk, and genetic inhibition of all Src kinases relevant to the monocyte/macrophage lineage in hckfgrlyn triple knockout mice. To evaluate the upstream molecules involved in Src activation, we evaluated the ability of oxidative stress to activate the bioactive lipid molecule ceramide. Oxidants induced ceramide generation in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo, an effect that appears to be due to activation of the acid sphingomyelinase. Using pharmacological approaches, ceramide was shown to be both necessary and sufficient to mediate TLR4 translocation to the plasma membrane in an Src-dependent manner. This study identifies a hierarchy of signaling molecules following oxidative stress that might represent novel targets for therapy in critical illness and organ injury.
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Castro-Gomes T, Corrotte M, Tam C, Andrews NW. Plasma Membrane Repair Is Regulated Extracellularly by Proteases Released from Lysosomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152583. [PMID: 27028538 PMCID: PMC4814109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rapidly repair wounds on their plasma membrane. Resealing is Ca2+-dependent, and involves exocytosis of lysosomes followed by massive endocytosis. Extracellular activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase was previously shown to promote endocytosis and wound removal. However, whether lysosomal proteases released during cell injury participate in resealing is unknown. Here we show that lysosomal proteases regulate plasma membrane repair. Extracellular proteolysis is detected shortly after cell wounding, and inhibition of this process blocks repair. Conversely, surface protein degradation facilitates plasma membrane resealing. The abundant lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L, known to proteolytically remodel the extracellular matrix, are rapidly released upon cell injury and are required for efficient plasma membrane repair. In contrast, inhibition of aspartyl proteases or RNAi-mediated silencing of the lysosomal aspartyl protease cathepsin D enhances resealing, an effect associated with the accumulation of active acid sphingomyelinase on the cell surface. Thus, secreted lysosomal cysteine proteases may promote repair by facilitating membrane access of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase, which promotes wound removal and is subsequently downregulated extracellularly by a process involving cathepsin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Matthias Corrotte
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Christina Tam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
| | - Norma W. Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zampieri S, Filocamo M, Pianta A, Lualdi S, Gort L, Coll MJ, Sinnott R, Geberhiwot T, Bembi B, Dardis A. SMPD1 Mutation Update: Database and Comprehensive Analysis of Published and Novel Variants. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:139-47. [PMID: 26499107 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Types A and B (NPA/B) diseases are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders caused by the deficient activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) because of the mutations in the SMPD1 gene. Here, we provide a comprehensive updated review of already reported and newly identified SMPD1 variants. Among them, 185 have been found in NPA/B patients. Disease-causing variants are equally distributed along the SMPD1 gene; most of them are missense (65.4%) or frameshift (19%) mutations. The most frequently reported mutation worldwide is the p.R610del, clearly associated with an attenuated NP disease type B phenotype. The available information about the impact of 52 SMPD1 variants on ASM mRNA and/or enzymatic activity has been collected and whenever possible, phenotype/genotype correlations were established. In addition, we created a locus-specific database easily accessible at http://www.inpdr.org/genes that catalogs the 417 SMPD1 variants reported to date and provides data on their in silico predicted effects on ASM protein function or mRNA splicing. The information reviewed in this article, providing new insights into the genotype/phenotype correlation, is extremely valuable to facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling of families affected by NPA/B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampieri
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pianta
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gort
- Sección Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Serv Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic; IDIBAPS; CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Coll
- Sección Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo-IBC, Serv Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic; IDIBAPS; CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Sinnott
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
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Abdel Shakor AB, Atia M, Alshehri AS, Sobota A, Kwiatkowska K. Ceramide generation during curcumin-induced apoptosis is controlled by crosstalk among Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, caspases and glutathione. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2220-30. [PMID: 26232616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin exhibits anti-cancer properties manifested by activation of pro-apoptotic signaling. We have demonstrated earlier that apoptosis of HL-60 human leukemia cells induced by curcumin is controlled by ceramide generated by neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) which contributes to sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) inhibition favoring accumulation of ceramide in cells. Here we report that the activity of nSMase, ceramide accumulation and death of HL-60 cells are inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 proteins, while down-regulation of nSMase interferes with degradation of Bcl-2 but not Bcl-xL. Activation of nSMase in curcumin-treated cells requires the activity of apoptosis initiator caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3, whereas nSMase depletion prevents activation of caspase-3, but not caspase-8. These data place nSMase activation downstream of caspase-8 and Bcl-xL and indicate a mutual regulation between nSMase and caspase-3 activity on one hand, and Bcl-2 level on the other hand in curcumin-treated cells. The activation of nSMase and ceramide accumulation also depended on the depletion of glutathione. The depletion of glutathione required the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-3 as well as the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Together, the data indicate a crosstalk among Bcl-2, Bc-xL, caspases and glutathione during curcumin-induced apoptosis and point to the superior role of caspase-8 activity, Bcl-xL down-regulation and glutathione depletion in the pro-apoptotic cascade leading to nSMase activation and generation of ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abo Bakr Abdel Shakor
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona Atia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ali Saleh Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrzej Sobota
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Qiu H, Honey DM, Kingsbury JS, Park A, Boudanova E, Wei RR, Pan CQ, Edmunds T. Impact of cysteine variants on the structure, activity, and stability of recombinant human α-galactosidase A. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1401-11. [PMID: 26044846 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human α-galactosidase A (rhαGal) is a homodimeric glycoprotein deficient in Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder. In this study, each cysteine residue in rhαGal was replaced with serine to understand the role each cysteine plays in the enzyme structure, function, and stability. Conditioned media from transfected HEK293 cells were assayed for rhαGal expression and enzymatic activity. Activity was only detected in the wild type control and in mutants substituting the free cysteine residues (C90S, C174S, and the C90S/C174S). Cysteine-to-serine substitutions at the other sites lead to the loss of expression and/or activity, consistent with their involvement in the disulfide bonds found in the crystal structure. Purification and further characterization confirmed that the C90S, C174S, and the C90S/C174S mutants are enzymatically active, structurally intact and thermodynamically stable as measured by circular dichroism and thermal denaturation. The purified inactive C142S mutant appeared to have lost part of its alpha-helix secondary structure and had a lower apparent melting temperature. Saturation mutagenesis study on Cys90 and Cys174 resulted in partial loss of activity for Cys174 mutants but multiple mutants at Cys90 with up to 87% higher enzymatic activity (C90T) compared to wild type, suggesting that the two free cysteines play differential roles and that the activity of the enzyme can be modulated by side chain interactions of the free Cys residues. These results enhanced our understanding of rhαGal structure and function, particularly the critical roles that cysteines play in structure, stability, and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiu
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
| | - Denise M Honey
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
| | | | - Anna Park
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
| | | | - Ronnie R Wei
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
| | - Clark Q Pan
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
| | - Tim Edmunds
- Sanofi Biotherapeutics, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01701
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Managò A, Becker KA, Carpinteiro A, Wilker B, Soddemann M, Seitz AP, Edwards MJ, Grassmé H, Szabò I, Gulbins E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin induces neutrophil death via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial acid sphingomyelinase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1097-110. [PMID: 25686490 PMCID: PMC4403017 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious clinical problem and are often lethal. Because many strains of P. aeruginosa are resistant to antibiotics, therapeutic options are limited. Neutrophils play an important role in the host's early acute defense against pulmonary P. aeruginosa. Therefore, it is important to define the mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa interacts with host cells, particularly neutrophils. RESULTS Here, we report that pyocyanin, a membrane-permeable pigment and toxin released by P. aeruginosa, induces the death of wild-type neutrophils; its interaction with the mitochondrial respiratory chain results in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of mitochondrial acid sphingomyelinase, the formation of mitochondrial ceramide, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. A genetic deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase prevents both the activation of this pathway and pyocyanin-induced neutrophil death. This reduced death, on the other hand, is associated with an increase in the release of interleukin-8 from pyocyanin-activated acid sphingomyelinase-deficient neutrophils but not from wild-type cells. INNOVATION These studies identified the mechanisms by which pyocyanin induces the release of mitochondrial ROS and by which ROS induce neutrophil death via mitochondrial acid sphingomyelinase. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of pyocyanin-induced death of neutrophils and show how this apoptosis balances innate immune reactions.
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Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 is a redox sensitive enzyme: role of catalytic cysteine residues in regulation of enzymatic activity through changes in oligomeric state. Biochem J 2015; 465:371-82. [PMID: 25287744 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase-2) is the major sphingomyelinase activated in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines and during oxidative stress. It is a membrane-bound 655 amino acid protein containing 22 cysteine residues. In this study, we expressed recombinant mouse nSMase-2 protein in Escherichia coli, and investigated whether nSMase-2 is a redox sensitive enzyme. Our results demonstrate that nSMase-2 exists as both monomers and multimers that are associated with high and low enzymatic activity respectively. Mutational analysis of nSMase-2 identified within its C-terminal catalytic domain several oxidant-sensitive cysteine residues that were shown to be involved in enzyme oligomerization. Changing Cys(617) to Ser for example is a gain-of-function mutation associated with a decreased propensity for oligomerization. Alternatively, nSMase-2 expression in a bacterial strain that lacks endogenous thioredoxin, Rosetta-gami2, results in increased oligomer formation and lower enzyme activity. Phenotypic rescue was accomplished by treating nSMase-2 lysates with recombinant human thioredoxin. This indicates that nSMase-2 may be a novel substrate for thioredoxin. FRET analysis confirmed the presence of nSMase-2 multimers in mammalian HEK cells and their localization to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, our results identify nSMase-2 as a redox-sensitive enzyme, whose basal activity is influenced by thioredoxin-mediated changes in its oligomeric state.
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Li PL, Zhang Y. Lysosomal Molecular Derangements in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dias IHK, Mistry J, Fell S, Reis A, Spickett CM, Polidori MC, Lip GYH, Griffiths HR. Oxidized LDL lipids increase β-amyloid production by SH-SY5Y cells through glutathione depletion and lipid raft formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:48-59. [PMID: 25048970 PMCID: PMC4180009 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated total cholesterol in midlife has been associated with increased risk of dementia in later life. We have previously shown that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is more oxidized in the plasma of dementia patients, although total cholesterol levels are not different from those of age-matched controls. β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide, which accumulates in Alzheimer disease (AD), arises from the initial cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase-1 (BACE1). BACE1 activity is regulated by membrane lipids and raft formation. Given the evidence for altered lipid metabolism in AD, we have investigated a mechanism for enhanced Aβ production by SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells exposed to oxidized LDL (oxLDL). The viability of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 4μg oxLDL and 25µM 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OH-C) was decreased significantly. Lipids, but not proteins, extracted from oxLDL were more cytotoxic than oxLDL. In parallel, the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione was decreased at sublethal concentrations of lipids extracted from native and oxLDL. GSH loss was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity and lipid raft formation, which could be inhibited by the ASMase inhibitor desipramine. 27OH-C and total lipids from LDL and oxLDL independently increased Aβ production by SH-SY5Y cells, and Aβ accumulation could be inhibited by desipramine and by N-acetylcysteine. These data suggest a mechanism whereby oxLDL lipids and 27OH-C can drive Aβ production by GSH depletion, ASMase-driven membrane remodeling, and BACE1 activation in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jayna Mistry
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK
| | - Shaun Fell
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ana Reis
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK
| | - Maria C Polidori
- Institute of Geriatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands B4 7ET, UK.
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Beckmann N, Sharma D, Gulbins E, Becker KA, Edelmann B. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by tricyclic antidepressants and analogons. Front Physiol 2014; 5:331. [PMID: 25228885 PMCID: PMC4151525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been used in the clinic to treat a number of disorders, in particular major depression and neuropathic pain. In the 1970s the ability of tricyclic antidepressants to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was discovered. The enzyme ASM catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. ASM and ceramide were shown to play a crucial role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression, as well as viral (e.g., measles virus) and bacterial (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) infections. Ceramide molecules may act in these diseases by the alteration of membrane biophysics, the self-association of ceramide molecules within the cell membrane and the ultimate formation of larger ceramide-enriched membrane domains/platforms. These domains were shown to serve the clustering of certain receptors such as CD95 and may also act in the above named diseases. The potential to block the generation of ceramide by inhibiting the ASM has opened up new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these conditions. Since amitriptyline is one of the longest used clinical drugs and side effects are well studied, it could potentially become a cheap and easily accessible medication for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials utilizing amitriptyline to inhibit ASM and contemplate possible future applications of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
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Reisz JA, Bansal N, Qian J, Zhao W, Furdui CM. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:260-92. [PMID: 24382094 PMCID: PMC4060780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events that are amplified by endogenous signaling and culminating in oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and many metabolites. Despite the global impact of IR, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue damage reveal that many biomolecules are chemoselectively modified by IR. RECENT ADVANCES The development of high-throughput "omics" technologies for mapping DNA and protein modifications have revolutionized the study of IR effects on biological systems. Studies in cells, tissues, and biological fluids are used to identify molecular features or biomarkers of IR exposure and response and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their expression or synthesis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, chemical mechanisms are described for IR-induced modifications of biomolecules along with methods for their detection. Included with the detection methods are crucial experimental considerations and caveats for their use. Additional factors critical to the cellular response to radiation, including alterations in protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetic factors, are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Throughout the review, the synergy of combined "omics" technologies such as genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is highlighted. These are anticipated to lead to new hypotheses to understand IR effects on biological systems and improve IR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Polishchuk EV, Concilli M, Iacobacci S, Chesi G, Pastore N, Piccolo P, Paladino S, Baldantoni D, van IJzendoorn SCD, Chan J, Chang CJ, Amoresano A, Pane F, Pucci P, Tarallo A, Parenti G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Polishchuk RS. Wilson disease protein ATP7B utilizes lysosomal exocytosis to maintain copper homeostasis. Dev Cell 2014; 29:686-700. [PMID: 24909901 PMCID: PMC4070386 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential yet toxic metal and its overload causes Wilson disease, a disorder due to mutations in copper transporter ATP7B. To remove excess copper into the bile, ATP7B traffics toward canalicular area of hepatocytes. However, the trafficking mechanisms of ATP7B remain elusive. Here, we show that, in response to elevated copper, ATP7B moves from the Golgi to lysosomes and imports metal into their lumen. ATP7B enables lysosomes to undergo exocytosis through the interaction with p62 subunit of dynactin that allows lysosome translocation toward the canalicular pole of hepatocytes. Activation of lysosomal exocytosis stimulates copper clearance from the hepatocytes and rescues the most frequent Wilson-disease-causing ATP7B mutant to the appropriate functional site. Our findings indicate that lysosomes serve as an important intermediate in ATP7B trafficking, whereas lysosomal exocytosis operates as an integral process in copper excretion and hence can be targeted for therapeutic approaches to combat Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Iacobacci
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Chesi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | | | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Francesca Pane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Antonietta Tarallo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, TIGEM, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational and Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples 80131, Italy.
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Kornhuber J, Müller CP, Becker KA, Reichel M, Gulbins E. The ceramide system as a novel antidepressant target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:293-304. [PMID: 24793541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a systems disorder which impairs not only central nervous system aspects of mood and behavior but also peripheral organ systems. Current views on the pathogenesis and treatment of depression are predominantly based on proteins and transmitters and thus are difficult to reconcile central with peripheral pathomechanisms. Recent research showed that there is also a lipid-based pathway involved in the pathology of depression, which is activated by psychosocial stress, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Inducible dysfunction of the ceramide pathway, which is abundant in the brain as well as in peripheral organs, may account for mood disorder, behavioral symptoms, and further promote inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral systems. As such, the lipid ceramide pathway may provide the missing link between brain dysfunction and somatic symptoms of depression. Pharmacological interventions that reduce ceramide abundance also show antidepressant action and may promise a better treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Becker KA, Henry B, Ziobro R, Riethmüller J, Gulbins E. Lipids in cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 5:527-35. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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48
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Granulocytes, and NETosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 836:1-7. [PMID: 25310939 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2014_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
When pathogens invade the body, neutrophils create the first line of defense. Basic weaponry consists of phagocytosis and degranulation, but these cells have yet another ace in the sleeve, a unique strategy in which invading microorganisms are being destroyed. These cellular warriors are able to release nuclear chromatin and form extracellular structure, known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). NET formation is connected with the presence of free radicals. Research has shown that inhibition of free radical formation leads to suppression of NET release. The exact mechanisms controlling cooperation of free radicals with NET still remain unclear. New investigations in this field may contribute to discovery of NET etiology and put a new light on related disorders.
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Corre I, Guillonneau M, Paris F. Membrane signaling induced by high doses of ionizing radiation in the endothelial compartment. Relevance in radiation toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22678-96. [PMID: 24252908 PMCID: PMC3856084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor areas can now be very precisely delimited thanks to technical progress in imaging and ballistics. This has also led to the development of novel radiotherapy protocols, delivering higher doses of ionizing radiation directly to cancer cells. Despite this, radiation toxicity in healthy tissue remains a major issue, particularly with dose-escalation in these new protocols. Acute and late tissue damage following irradiation have both been linked to the endothelium irrigating normal tissues. The molecular mechanisms involved in the endothelial response to high doses of radiation are associated with signaling from the plasma membrane, mainly via the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide pathway. This review describes this signaling pathway and discusses the relevance of targeting endothelial signaling to protect healthy tissues from the deleterious effects of high doses of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCNA-UMR Inserm U892-CNRS 6299-Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes 44007, France.
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Ratnayake S, Dias IH, Lattman E, Griffiths HR. Stabilising cysteinyl thiol oxidation and nitrosation for proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2013; 92:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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