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Lin FY, Tsai YT, Huang CY, Lai ZH, Tsai CS, Shih CM, Lin CY, Lin YW. GroEL of Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced microRNAs accelerate tumor neovascularization by downregulating thrombomodulin expression in endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:47-61. [PMID: 37188376 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We found that GroEL in Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerated tumor growth and increased mortality in tumor-bearing mice; GroEL promoted proangiogenic function, which may be the reason for promoting tumor growth. To understand the regulatory mechanisms by which GroEL increases the proangiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), we explored in this study. In EPCs, MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and tube formation assay were performed to analyze its activity. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to study the protein expression along with next-generation sequencing for miRNA expression. Finally, a murine tumorigenesis animal model was used to confirm the results of in vitro. The results indicated that thrombomodulin (TM) direct interacts with PI3 K/Akt to inhibit the activation of signaling pathways. When the expression of TM is decreased by GroEL stimulation, molecules in the PI3 K/Akt signaling axis are released and activated, resulting in increased migration and tube formation of EPCs. In addition, GroEL inhibits TM mRNA expression by activating miR-1248, miR-1291, and miR-5701. Losing the functions of miR-1248, miR-1291, and miR-5701 can effectively alleviate the GroEL-induced decrease in TM protein levels and inhibit the proangiogenic abilities of EPCs. These results were also confirmed in animal experiments. In conclusion, the intracellular domain of the TM of EPCs plays a negative regulatory role in the proangiogenic capabilities of EPCs, mainly through direct interaction between TM and PI3 K/Akt to inhibit the activation of signaling pathways. The effects of GroEL on tumor growth can be reduced by inhibiting the proangiogenic properties of EPCs through the inhibition of the expression of specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Hao Lai
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Yangming Campus), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Healthcare Information and Management Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Yangming Campus), Taipei, Taiwan
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Kang L, Yang AL, Lai CH, Chen TJ, Lin SY, Wang YH, Wang CZ, Conway EM, Wu HL, Ho ML, Chang JK, Chen CH, Cheng TL. Chondrocyte Thrombomodulin Protects against Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119522. [PMID: 37298473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent form of arthritis that affects over 32.5 million adults worldwide, causing significant cartilage damage and disability. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatments for OA, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Thrombomodulin (TM), a glycoprotein expressed by chondrocytes and other cell types, has an unknown role in OA. Here, we investigated the function of TM in chondrocytes and OA using various methods, including recombinant TM (rTM), transgenic mice lacking the TM lectin-like domain (TMLeD/LeD), and a microRNA (miRNA) antagomir that increased TM expression. Results showed that chondrocyte-expressed TM and soluble TM [sTM, like recombinant TM domain 1 to 3 (rTMD123)] enhanced cell growth and migration, blocked interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated signaling and protected against knee function and bone integrity loss in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced mouse model of OA. Conversely, TMLeD/LeD mice exhibited accelerated knee function loss, while treatment with rTMD123 protected against cartilage loss even one-week post-surgery. The administration of an miRNA antagomir (miR-up-TM) also increased TM expression and protected against cartilage damage in the OA model. These findings suggested that chondrocyte TM plays a crucial role in counteracting OA, and miR-up-TM may represent a promising therapeutic approach to protect against cartilage-related disorders.
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Grants
- 110-2314-B-037-022- Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- 111-2314-B-037-055- Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- 110-2314-B-006 -037 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- 110-2314-B-037 -029 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- 111-2314-B-037-106 Ministry of Science and Technology, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- KMTTH- 111-R002 Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital
- KMTTH-DK(A)112001 Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital
- KMU-TC112A02 Kaohsiung Medical University
- KMUH-DK(A)110003 Kaohsiung Medical University
- KMU-DK(B) 110002 Kaohsiung Medical University
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tsan-Ju Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ken Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Kono H, Hosomura N, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Furuya S, Shoda K, Akaike H, Kawaguchi Y, Ichikawa D. Recombinant Human Thrombomodulin Reduces Mortality and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Septic Peritonitis in Rats. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:159-167. [PMID: 36706425 PMCID: PMC10563402 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis in rats. Rats that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with or without rhTM, and then mortality was analyzed. In another set of experiments, ALI was assessed. Furthermore, microthrombosis in the lungs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, plasma inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1), and IL-10, were evaluated by ELISA. Production of TNF-α and HMGB-1 by isolated tissue macrophages (Mφs) was assessed in vitro. Mortality after CLP was significantly improved by rhTM treatment. In addition, rhTM treatment improved the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, the pulmonary microvascular permeability, and the lung injury scores in animals that underwent CLP. Microthrombosis was detected in the lungs after CLP. These pathophysiological changes were blunted by rhTM treatment. Increased plasma TNF-α and HMGB-1 levels were blunted by rhTM treatment; however, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly greater in the rhTM(+) group than in the rhTM(-) group. Increased TNF-α and HMGB-1 production by the tissue Mφs stimulated with LPS were significantly blunted by rhTM treatment in vitro, but the production of IL-10 by the tissue Mφs was not changed in the cells incubated with rhTM. Overall, rhTM improved the mortality caused by septic peritonitis. The possible mechanisms are most likely anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects, which lead to the prevention of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hosomura
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaike
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Dimerization of the C-type lectin-like receptor CD93 promotes its binding to Multimerin-2 in endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:453-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Voelker MT, Hechaichi N, Ndongson-Dongmo B, Lemm J, Heller R, Bauer R, Conway EM, Theilmeier G, Stehr SN. Role of the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin in septic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2022; 306:120830. [PMID: 35872006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Septic cardiomyopathy is a severe complication of sepsis and septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate the role of thrombomodulin and its lectin-like domain (LLD-TM) in the development of septic cardiomyopathy and the link between LLD-TM, HMGB-1, and toll-like receptors 2/4 (TLR 2/4) to intracellular mechanisms resulting in reduced cardiac function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sepsis was induced using a polymicrobial peritoneal infection model in wildtype and mice lacking the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin (TMLeD/LeD), and severity of disease and cardiac function was compared. Cell cultures of cardiomyocytes were prepared from hearts harvested from wildtype and TMLeD/LeD mice. Cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes were transfected with complete human thrombomodulin or human thrombomodulin deficient of LLD-TM and when TLR-2 and/or TLR-4 were blocked. All cultures were challenged with inflammatory stimuli. KEY FINDINGS Lack of the LLD-TM results in a significant increase in severity of disease, decreased survival and impaired cardiac function in septic mice. In vivo and in vitro analyses of cardiomyocytes displayed high levels of inflammatory cytokines causing cardio-depression. In vitro results showed a strong correlation between elevated HMGB-1 levels and elevated troponin-1 levels. No connection was found between HMGB-1 and TLR-2 and/or -4 signalling pathways. Phospholamban mediated dysregulation of calcium homeostasis resulted in a general impairment after sepsis induction, but showed no connection to LLD-TM. SIGNIFICANCE Lack of LLD-TM results in an increase in general severity of disease, decreased survival and impaired cardiac function in sepsis. TLR-2 and TLR 4 do not participate as mediating factors in the development of septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa Voelker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nadine Hechaichi
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Bernadin Ndongson-Dongmo
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Lemm
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhardt Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Edward M Conway
- UBC Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Division of Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian N Stehr
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhang A, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ. The Role of Calcium Signaling in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031010. [PMID: 35162934 PMCID: PMC8835635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays important roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including cutaneous melanoma, the most lethal type of skin cancer. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), cell membrane calcium channels, calcium related proteins (S100 family, E-cadherin, and calpain), and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways are related to melanogenesis and melanoma tumorigenesis and progression. Calcium signaling influences the melanoma microenvironment, including immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), the vascular network, and chemical and physical surroundings. Other ionic channels, such as sodium and potassium channels, are engaged in calcium-mediated pathways in melanoma. Calcium signaling serves as a promising pharmacological target in melanoma treatment, and its dysregulation might serve as a marker for melanoma prediction. We documented calcium-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria dysfunction, by targeting calcium channels and influencing [Ca2+]i and calcium homeostasis, and attenuated drug resistance in melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Zhe Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anisha A. Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(713)-441-4483
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7
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Kamamoto T, Nakajima Y, Uchida Y, Nakagawa T, Tonegawa H, Tani Y, Nishimoto E, Takahashi Y, Nishikubo T, Nogami K. Protein C system in preterm babies with chronic lung disease: Prospective study. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15221. [PMID: 35912452 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a major neonatal pulmonary disorder associated with inflammation. Recent studies have shown that protein C anticoagulant pathways, such as those for protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and thrombomodulin (TM), could be useful indices for reflecting pulmonary injury. However, the involvement of these factors in preterm infants with very low birthweight (VLBW) who have developed CLD remains to be investigated. Here, we investigated whether PC pathway-related factors could predict the development of CLD in preterm infants with VLBW. METHODS We collected plasma samples from 26 preterm infants with VLBW (13 each from those with and without CLD) at the time of birth and measured TM, PC, and PS levels in their plasmas. We analyzed prospectively the relationship between these factors in infants with and without CLD. RESULTS There were significant differences in gestational age, birthweight, Apgar score (5 min), and duration of mechanical ventilation between the CLD and non-CLD groups. No significant differences in the PC and PS levels at birth were observed between the two groups, whereas the TM levels in the CLD group were significantly higher than those in the non-CLD group (P = 0.013). The TM levels correlated with gestational age and duration of mechanical ventilation. However, covariance analysis demonstrated that gestational age was significantly associated with TM levels, and consequently, development of CLD was not associated with TM level at birth. CONCLUSIONS Thrombomodulin, PC, and PS levels at birth could not predict the development of CLD in preterm infants with VLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kamamoto
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yumiko Uchida
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tonegawa
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Tani
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Eri Nishimoto
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Nishikubo
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Center of Perinatal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Kuo CH, Huang YH, Chen PK, Lee GH, Tang MJ, Conway EM, Shi GY, Wu HL. VEGF-Induced Endothelial Podosomes via ROCK2-Dependent Thrombomodulin Expression Initiate Sprouting Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1657-1671. [PMID: 33730876 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- Now with Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (P.-K. C.)
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Edward M Conway
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.M.C.)
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
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9
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Funke L, Gnipp S, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Peters M, Sitek B, Bracht T. Quantitative analysis of proteome dynamics in a mouse model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1471-1481. [PMID: 33550702 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system, and a major factor of increasing health care costs worldwide. The molecular actors leading to the development of chronic asthma are not fully understood and require further investigation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to monitor the proteome dynamics during asthma development from early inflammatory to late fibrotic stages. METHODS A mouse asthma model was used to analyse the lung proteome at four time points during asthma development (0 weeks = control, 5, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, n = 6 each). The model was analysed using lung function tests, immune cell counting and histology. Furthermore, a multi-fraction mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis was performed to achieve a comprehensive coverage and quantification of the lung proteome. RESULTS At early stages, the mice showed predominant eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, which disappeared at later stages and was replaced by marked airway hyper-reactivity and fibrosis of the airways. 3325 proteins were quantified with 435 proteins found to be significantly differentially abundant between the experimental groups (ANOVA p-value ≤.05, maximum fold change ≥1.5). We applied hierarchical clustering to identify common protein abundance profiles along the asthma development and analysed these clusters using gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis. We demonstrate the correlation of protein clusters with the course of asthma development, that is eosinophilic inflammation and fibrotic remodelling of the airways. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Proteome analysis revealed proteins that were previously described to be important during asthma chronification. Moreover, we identified additional proteins previously not described in the context of asthma. We provide a comprehensive data set of a long-term mouse model of asthma that may contribute to a better understanding and allow new insights into the progression and development of chronic asthma. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Funke
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gnipp
- Experimentelle Pneumologie, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Medical Proteome Analysis, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Experimentelle Pneumologie, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Molekulare Immunologie, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Medical Proteome Analysis, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Medical Proteome Analysis, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, Bochum, Germany
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10
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Asanuma K, Nakamura T, Asanuma Y, Okamoto T, Kakimoto T, Yada Y, Hagi T, Kita K, Nakamura K, Matsumine A, Sudo A. Prognostic Significance of Thrombomodulin mRNA in High-Grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas after 10 years. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1726-1732. [PMID: 33015987 PMCID: PMC7767767 DOI: 10.1111/os.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the correlation between expression of thrombomodulin (TM) mRNA from 83 benign soft tissue tumors or soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and clinicopathological parameters and to analyze the outcome of high‐grade STS patients after 10 years. Methods Total RNA was extracted from 83 primary soft tissue tumors (15 benign tumors, 68 STS). TM mRNA normalized to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase was measured with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared to various clinicopathological parameters. The log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to evaluate recurrence‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival, and overall survival. Results Thrombomodulin mRNA levels were not significantly different between benign tumors and STS. In STS, TM mRNA levels were not significantly different between histologically high‐grade (n = 57) and low‐grade (n = 11) tumors. Following analysis of high‐grade STS at the 10‐year follow‐up, 21 patients had experienced a recurrence, 22 patients had experienced metastasis, and 23 patients had died of disease (DOD). TM levels were significantly higher in patients with metastasis or DOD patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for identifying 5‐year and 10‐year DOD determined the threshold for best sensitivity and specificity as 0.283. We divided patients into those with high (<0.283) and low (≤0.283) TM mRNA levels. Based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, a significant difference between the two groups was seen for recurrence‐free survival (5 years: low = 76.6%, high = 53.1%, 10 years: low: 67.0%, high 39.8%, P = 0.0122) and metastasis‐free survival (5 years: low = 86.3%, high = 40.2%, 10 years: low: 73.3%, high: 35.2%, P = 0.00023). Furthermore, the high TM group showed significantly worse prognosis than the low TM group (5 years: low = 90.1%, high = 42.3%, 10 years: low: 76.4%, high 31.3%, P = 0.00031). Thus, high levels of TM mRNA are associated with highly recurrent and metastatic potential and lead to poor prognosis. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, only high TM showed a significant difference in metastasis‐free survival (hazard ratio: 4.33, 95% confidence interval 1.61–11.6, P = 0.00359) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.69, 95% confidence interval 1.49–10.5, P = 0.00569). Conclusion High levels of TM mRNA may be a significant predictor of recurrence, metastasis, and a poor outcome in STS patients after 10 years. TM is a candidate molecular marker and may be clinically useful for devising a therapeutic treatment strategy by prediction of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Yumiko Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kakimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Yuki Yada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Kouji Kita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
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11
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Chen CH, Lai CH, Hong YK, Lu JM, Lin SY, Lee TC, Chang LY, Ho ML, Conway EM, Wu HL, Cheng TL. Thrombomodulin Functional Domains Support Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Healing in Diabetes in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1812-1823. [PMID: 32329910 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains five functional domains. Soluble TM (sTM), comprising extracellular domains TMD1 (lectin-like), TMD2 (epidermal growth factor [EGF]-like repeat containing), and TMD3 (serine-threonine rich), can be shed from cells by the intramembrane protease rhomboid-like-2 (RHBDL2). TM is expressed by osteoblasts, yet its role there has not been determined. Herein we aimed to investigate the properties of TM and its domains in osteoblast function and bone repair following injury in diabetes. In response to a scratch injury of cultured osteoblast-like MG63 cells, expression of TM and RHBDL2 was enhanced, with increased release of sTM. Conditioned media from the injured cells promoted osteoblast migration, an effect that was lacking with conditioned media from MG63 cells in which TM was silenced by shRNA. Exogenous recombinant TMD1 had no effect on osteoblast activities or on bone repair in vivo. However, TM domains 2 and 3 (TMD2/3), induced MG63 cell migration, proliferation and mineralization in vitro, and when locally administered in mice, improved in vivo healing of injured calvarium. This beneficial effect of TMD2/3, mediated via fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)/ERK signaling pathways, was also observed in vitro under high glucose conditions where endogenous TM expression was reduced, and in vivo in diabetic mice following tibia fracture or calvarium injury, where the osteoblastic response and healing were otherwise dampened. Taken together, osteoblast TM participates in bone healing, and recombinant TMD2/3 holds promise as a novel therapy for diabetic bone defect healing. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Hong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Lee
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yun Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Tachibana S, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Iseri K, Kanazawa N, Shibata T. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin attenuates anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in Wistar-Kyoto rats through anti-inflammatory effects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:774-782. [PMID: 29982644 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (RH-TM) has anti-inflammatory properties through neutralizing high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), the protective effects of RH-TM were examined in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) in Wistar-Kyoto rats. METHODS Rats were injected with nephrotoxic serum (NTS) to induce anti-GBM GN on Day 0, and were given either RH-TM or vehicle from Day 0 to Day 6. Rats were sacrificed 7 days after NTS injection. RESULTS RH-TM-treated rats had decreased proteinuria and serum creatinine level. RH-TM significantly reduced the percentage of glomeruli with crescentic features and fibrinoid necrosis. In addition, RH-TM-treated rats had significantly reduced glomerular ED1+ macrophage accumulation as well as reduced renal cortical proinflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, RH-TM had a potent effect in reducing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in kidneys and urine. RH-TM significantly reduced renal cortical mRNA levels for toll-like receptor -2 and -4, known as receptors for HMGB1, and their downstream adopter protein, myeloid differentiation primary respond protein 88 (MyD88). CONCLUSIONS We showed for the first time that anti-inflammatory effects, which were characterized by reduced glomerular macrophage influx concomitant with a marked reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, were involved in the mechanism of attenuating experimental anti-GBM GN by RH-TM. The observed effects might be attributable to the downregulation of ICAM-1 by reducing the HMGB1/TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kanazawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Recombinant thrombomodulin prevents acute lung injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:289. [PMID: 31937858 PMCID: PMC6959219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicated by acute lung injury has a detrimental effect on mortality among critically ill patients. Recently, a renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model suggested the involvement of histones and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development of distant lung injury after renal IR. Given that recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) has anti-inflammatory roles by binding to circulating histones, we aimed to clarify its effect on distant lung injury induced by AKI in a murine bilateral renal IR model. Both pretreatment and delayed treatment with rTM significantly decreased pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, but they did not affect renal dysfunction at 24 h after renal IR. Additionally, rTM mitigated the renal IR-augmented expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine), and vascular leakage, as well as the degree of lung damage. Intense histone accumulation and active NET formation occurred in both the kidneys and the lungs; however, rTM significantly decreased the histone and NET accumulation only in the lungs. Administration of rTM may have protective impact on the lungs after renal IR by blocking histone and NET accumulation in the lungs, although no protection was observed in the kidneys. Treatment with rTM may be an adjuvant strategy to attenuate distant lung injury complicating AKI.
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14
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Garabet L, Henriksson CE, Lozano ML, Ghanima W, Bussel J, Brodin E, Fernández-Pérez MP, Martínez C, González-Conejero R, Mowinckel MC, Sandset PM. Markers of endothelial cell activation and neutrophil extracellular traps are elevated in immune thrombocytopenia but are not enhanced by thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Thromb Res 2019; 185:119-124. [PMID: 31805421 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are at increased risk of thrombosis, which seems to be further enhanced by treatment with thrombopoietin-receptor-agonists (TPO-RAs). The underlying mechanisms of thrombosis in ITP are not fully understood. Endothelial cell activation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in thrombosis, however, their roles in ITP itself, or in TPO-RA-treatment, have not yet been fully explored. We aimed to investigate whether endothelial cell activation and NETs are involved in the hypercoagulable state of ITP, and whether TPO-RA-treatment enhances endothelial cell activation and NET formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured markers of endothelial cell activation including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and thrombomodulin in 21 ITP patients, and E-selectin in 18 ITP patients. Markers of NET formation, citrullinated histone H3-DNA (H3Cit-DNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), were measured in 15 ITP patients. All markers were measured before, and 2 and 6 weeks after initiation of TPO-RA-treatment in ITP patients, and in matched controls. RESULTS Higher levels of ICAM-1, thrombomodulin, and H3Cit-DNA were found in ITP patients, both before and after TPO-RA-treatment, compared with controls. No differences were found for VCAM-1, E-selectin or cfDNA. TPO-RA-treatment did not further increase markers of endothelial cell activation or NET formation. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that ITP patients have increased endothelial cell activation and NET formation, both of which may contribute to the intrinsic hypercoagulable state of ITP. TPO-RA-treatment, however, did not further increase endothelial cell activation or NET formation indicating that other drug-associated prothrombotic mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Garabet
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Norway; Department of Research, Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Carola E Henriksson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Hospital JM Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonacion, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Grupo de investigación CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Waleed Ghanima
- Department of Research, Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - James Bussel
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell, United States
| | - Ellen Brodin
- Department of Haematology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Constantino Martínez
- Hospital JM Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonacion, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Marie-Christine Mowinckel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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15
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Borah S, Vasudevan D, Swain RK. C-type lectin family XIV members and angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3954-3962. [PMID: 31579078 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of tumors is dependent on angiogenesis. C-type lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with a diverse range of functions. The C-type lectin family XIV members are transmembrane glycoproteins, and all four members of this family have been reported to regulate angiogenesis, although the detailed mechanism of action has yet to be completely elucidated. They interact with extracellular matrix proteins and mediate cell-cell adhesion by their lectin-like domain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the available information on the function and mechanism of C-type lectin family XIV in angiogenesis and discuss their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Borah
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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16
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Lee GH, Chang CL, Chiu WT, Hsiao TH, Chen PY, Wang KC, Kuo CH, Chen BH, Shi GY, Wu HL, Fu TF. A thrombomodulin-like gene is crucial to the collective migration of epibolic blastomeres during germ layer formation and organogenesis in zebrafish. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:60. [PMID: 31451113 PMCID: PMC6709559 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane protein, has long been known for its anticoagulant activity. Recent studies showed that TM displays multifaceted activities, including the involvement in cell adhesion and collective cell migration in vitro. However, whether TM contributes similarly to these biological processes in vivo remains elusive. Methods We adapted zebrafish, a prominent animal model for studying molecular/cellular activity, embryonic development, diseases mechanism and drug discovery, to examine how TM functions in modulating cell migration during germ layer formation, a normal and crucial physiological process involving massive cell movement in the very early stages of life. In addition, an in vivo assay was developed to examine the anti-hemostatic activity of TM in zebrafish larva. Results We found that zebrafish TM-b, a zebrafish TM-like protein, was expressed mainly in vasculatures and displayed anti-hemostatic activity. Knocking-down TM-b led to malformation of multiple organs, including vessels, heart, blood cells and neural tissues. Delayed epiboly and incoherent movement of yolk syncytial layer were also observed in early TM-b morphants. Whole mount immunostaining revealed the co-localization of TM-b with both actin and microtubules in epibolic blastomeres. Single-cell tracking revealed impeded migration of blastomeres during epiboly in TM-b-deficient embryos. Conclusion Our results showed that TM-b is crucial to the collective migration of blastomeres during germ layer formation. The structural and functional compatibility and conservation between zebrafish TM-b and mammalian TM support the properness of using zebrafish as an in vivo platform for studying the biological significance and medical use of TM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hui Lee
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.
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17
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Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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18
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Wang KC, Chen PS, Chao TH, Luo CY, Chung HC, Tseng SY, Huang TY, Lin YL, Shi GY, Wu HL, Li YH. The role of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane-bound thrombomodulin in neointima formation. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:54-63. [PMID: 31212235 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thrombomodulin (TM) is an endothelial cell membrane-bound anticoagulant protein expressed in normal arteries. After vascular injury, medial and neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit large amounts of TM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological significance of vascular SMC-bound TM. METHODS The morphology, expression of phenotype markers and cell behaviors of cultured aortic SMCs after knockdown of TM were observed. Transgenic mice with SMC-specific TM deletion were generated, and carotid neointima formation was induced by carotid ligation. RESULTS Cultured human aortic SMCs displayed a synthetic phenotype with a rhomboid-shaped morphology and expressed TM. TM knockdown induced a spindle-shaped change in morphology with an increased expression of contractile phenotype marker and decreased expression of synthetic phenotype marker. TM knockdown not only attenuated the proliferation of SMCs but also reduced tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and interlukin-6 production. In a carotid artery ligation model, transgenic mice with SMC-specific TM deletion (SM22-cretg/TMflox/flox) had significantly less cellular proliferation in arterial walls compared with wild type mice (SM22-cretg/TM+/+). The neointima area and neointima/media area ratio were smaller in SM22-cretg/TMflox/flox mice at 4 weeks after ligation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that vascular SMC-bound TM plays a role in changes of the SMC phenotype. It also influences SMC cell behavior and injury-induced neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chawn-Yau Luo
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Li Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hsu YY, Liu KL, Yeh HH, Lin HR, Wu HL, Tsai JC. Sustained release of recombinant thrombomodulin from cross-linked gelatin/hyaluronic acid hydrogels potentiate wound healing in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 135:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Plasminogen/thrombomodulin signaling enhances VEGF expression to promote cutaneous wound healing. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1333-1344. [PMID: 30341568 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen (Plg) and thrombomodulin (TM) are glycoproteins well known for fibrinolytic and anticoagulant functions, respectively. Both Plg and TM are essential for wound healing. However, their significance during the reparative process was separately demonstrated in previous studies. Here, we investigate the interaction between Plg and epithelial TM and its effect on wound healing. Characterization of the wound margin revealed that Plg and TM were simultaneously upregulated at the early stage of wound healing and the two molecules were bound together. In vitro, TM silencing or knockout in keratinocytes inhibited Plg activation. Plg treatment enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and these actions were abolished by TM antibody. Keratinocyte-expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which presented a dose-response relationship with Plg treatment, can be suppressed by TM silencing. Moreover, treatment with VEGF antibody inhibited Plg-enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and wound recovery. In vivo, TM antibody treatment and keratinocyte-specific TM knockout can impede Plg-enhanced wound healing in mice. In high-glucose environments, Plg-enhanced VEGF expression and wound healing were suppressed due at least in part to downregulation of keratinocyte-expressed TM. Taken together, our findings suggest that activation of Plg/TM signaling may hold therapeutic potential for chronic wounds in diabetic or non-diabetic individuals. KEY MESSAGES: Plg binds to TM in cutaneous wound healing. TM facilitates the activation of Plg to Plm in keratinocytes. Epithelial TM regulates Plg-enhanced wound healing through VEGF expression.
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21
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Exploring traditional and nontraditional roles for thrombomodulin. Blood 2018; 132:148-158. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-768994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThrombomodulin (TM) is an integral component of a multimolecular system, localized primarily to the vascular endothelium, that integrates crucial biological processes and biochemical pathways, including those related to coagulation, innate immunity, inflammation, and cell proliferation. These are designed to protect the host from injury and promote healing. The “traditional” role of TM in hemostasis was determined with its discovery in the 1980s as a ligand for thrombin and a critical cofactor for the major natural anticoagulant protein C system and subsequently for thrombin-mediated activation of the thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (also known as procarboxypeptidase B2). Studies in the past 2 decades are redefining TM as a molecule with many properties, exhibited via its multiple domains, through its interacting partners, complex regulated expression, and synthesis by cells other than the endothelium. In this report, we review some of the recently reported diverse properties of TM and how these may impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of several diseases.
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22
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Hsu YY, Shi GY, Wang KC, Ma CY, Cheng TL, Wu HL. Thrombomodulin promotes focal adhesion kinase activation and contributes to angiogenesis by binding to fibronectin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68122-68139. [PMID: 27602495 PMCID: PMC5356543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Cell adhesion molecules interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and increase cell adhesion and migration during angiogenesis. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in endothelial cells. However, the function and significance of TM in cell-matrix interactions and angiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we first demonstrated that recombinant lectin-like domain of TM interacts with an ECM protein, fibronectin, and identified the N-terminal 70-kDa domain of fibronectin as the TM-binding site. Exogenous expression of TM in TM-deficient A2058 melanoma cells enhanced cell adhesion and migration on fibronectin and invasion on Matrigel. In addition, TM increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 production. In mice bearing subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma tumors, immunofluorescence analysis indicated that TM was highly expressed and co-localized with fibronectin on the tumor vasculature. The interaction between TM and fibronectin in tumor blood vessels was also validated by the proximity ligation assay. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, up-regulation of TM by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a tumor angiogenic factor, promoted cell adhesion and tube formation, whereas TM knockdown by RNA interference attenuated VEGF-induced cell adhesion and tube formation. In summary, TM promotes angiogenesis by enhancing cell adhesion, migration, and FAK activation through interaction with fibronectin. TM may represent a novel target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Pai VC, Lo IC, Huang YW, Tsai IC, Cheng HP, Shi GY, Wu HL, Jiang MJ. The chondroitin sulfate moiety mediates thrombomodulin-enhanced adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:14. [PMID: 29439742 PMCID: PMC5809974 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), is a potent anticoagulant maintaining circulation homeostasis. Under inflammatory states, TM expression is drastically reduced in ECs while vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) show a robust expression of TM. The functional role of TM in VSMCs remains elusive. METHODS We examined the role of TM in VSMCs activities in human aortic VSMCs stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Using rat embryonic aorta-derived A7r5 VSMCs which do not express TM, the role of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) moiety of TM in VSMCs was delineated with cells expressing wild-type TM and the CS-devoid TM mutant. RESULTS Expression of TM enhanced cell migration and adhesion/spreading onto type I collagen, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Knocking down TM with short hairpin RNA reduced PDGF-stimulated adhesion and migration of human aortic VSMCs. In A7r5 cells, TM-mediated cell adhesion was eradicated by pretreatment with chondroitinase ABC which degrades CS moiety. Furthermore, the TM mutant (TMS490, 492A) devoid of CS moiety failed to increase cell adhesion, spreading or migration. Wild-type TM, but not TMS490, 492A, increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation during cell adhesion, and TM-enhanced cell migration was abolished by a function-blocking anti-integrin β1 antibody. CONCLUSION Chondroitin sulfate modification is required for TM-mediated activation of β1-integrin and FAK, thereby enhancing adhesion and migration activity of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chunpeng Pai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yan Wun Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pin Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meei Jyh Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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24
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Quintero-Ronderos P, Mercier E, Gris JC, Esteban-Perez C, Moreno-Ortiz H, Fonseca DJ, Lucena E, Vaiman D, Laissue P. THBD sequence variants potentially related to recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:92. [PMID: 29195508 PMCID: PMC5709961 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a frequently occurring disease, which is classified as idiopathic in more than 50% of cases. THBD, the endothelial cell receptor for thrombin, has been associated with distinct biological processes and considered a coherent RPL-related candidate gene. In the present study, we have sequenced the complete coding region of THBD in 262 patients affected by RPL. Bioinformatics analysis and screening of controls strongly suggested that the THBD-p.Trp153Gly mutation might be related to RPL aetiology. It could be used, after its validation by functional assays, as a molecular marker for diagnostic/prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Quintero-Ronderos
- 0000 0001 2205 5940grid.412191.eCenter For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C, -69 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric Mercier
- 0000 0004 0593 8241grid.411165.6Department of Haematology, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6Faculty of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences and Research Team EA 2992, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gris
- 0000 0004 0593 8241grid.411165.6Department of Haematology, University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6Faculty of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences and Research Team EA 2992, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Esteban-Perez
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Fertility and Sterility Colombian Center, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Harold Moreno-Ortiz
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Fertility and Sterility Colombian Center, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dora Janeth Fonseca
- 0000 0001 2205 5940grid.412191.eCenter For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C, -69 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elkin Lucena
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Fertility and Sterility Colombian Center, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- 0000 0001 2112 9282grid.4444.0Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- 0000000121866389grid.7429.8Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Paul Laissue
- 0000 0001 2205 5940grid.412191.eCenter For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C, -69 Bogotá, Colombia
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25
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Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector carrying the thrombomodulin lectin-like domain for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Liu SC, Chiu CP, Tsai CH, Hung CY, Li TM, Wu YC, Tang CH. Soya-cerebroside, an extract of Cordyceps militaris, suppresses monocyte migration and prevents cartilage degradation in inflammatory animal models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43205. [PMID: 28225075 PMCID: PMC5320555 DOI: 10.1038/srep43205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological events that modulate the progression of structural changes in osteoarthritis (OA) include the secretion of inflammatory molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine that activates OA synovial cells to release cytokines and chemokines in support of the inflammatory response. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes in response to inflammation. We show in this study that IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and monocyte migration in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) is effectively inhibited by soya-cerebroside, an extract of Cordyceps militaris. We found that soya-cerebroside up-regulated of microRNA (miR)-432 expression via inhibiting AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in OASFs. Soya-cerebroside also effectively decreased monocyte infiltration and prevented cartilage degradation in a rat inflammatory model. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that soya-cerebroside inhibits monocyte/macrophage infiltration into synoviocytes, attenuating synovial inflammation and preventing cartilage damage by reducing MCP-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we suggest a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of soya-cerebroside for the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Peng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Thrombomodulin regulates monocye differentiation via PKCδ and ERK1/2 pathway in vitro and in atherosclerotic artery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38421. [PMID: 27910925 PMCID: PMC5133669 DOI: 10.1038/srep38421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) modulates the activation of protein C and coagulation. Additionally, TM regulates monocyte migration and inflammation. However, its role on monocyte differentiation is still unknown. We investigated the effects of TM on monocyte differentiation. First, we found that TM was increased when THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Overexpression of TM enhanced the macrophage markers, CD14 and CD68 expression in PMA-induced THP-1. TM siRNA depressed the PMA-induced increase of p21Cip1/WAF1 via ERK1/2-NF-kB p65 signaling. TM regulated cytoskeletal reorganization via its interaction with paxillin, cofilin, LIMK1, and PYK2. In addition, PMA-induced p21Cip1/WAF1 expression, CD14-positive cell labeling intensity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were markedly inhibited when protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) was knocked down. We identified that TM directly interacts with PKCδ. PKCδ was highly expressed in human atherosclerotic arteries and colocalized with TM in CD68-positive infiltrated macrophages of plaques, indicating that the coordination between TM and PKCδ in macrophages participated in atherogenesis. TM may act as a scaffold for PKCδ docking, which keeps PKCδ in the region close to the monocyte membrane to promote the activation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our findings suggest that TM-PKCδ interaction may contribute to cardiovascular disorders by affecting monocye differentiation, which may develop future therapeutic applications.
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28
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Shi CS, Huang TH, Lin CK, Li JM, Chen MH, Tsai ML, Chang CC. VEGF Production by Ly6C+high Monocytes Contributes to Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165317. [PMID: 27783650 PMCID: PMC5081209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving procedure for patients with acute respiratory failure, although it may cause pulmonary vascular inflammation and leakage, leading to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Ly6C+high monocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of VILI. In this study, we investigated whether pulmonary infiltrated Ly6C+high monocytes produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and contribute to VILI. Methods A clinically relevant two-hit mouse model of VILI, with intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 ng/mouse) immediately before high tidal volume (HTV, 20 mL/kg) ventilation (LPS+HTV), was established. Blood gas and respiratory mechanics were measured to ensure the development of VILI. Flow cytometry and histopathological analyses revealed pulmonary infiltration of leukocytes subsets. Clodronate liposomes were intravenously injected to deplete pulmonary monocytes. In vitro endothelial cell permeability assay with sorted Ly6C+high monocytes condition media assessed the role of Ly6C+high monocytes in vascular permeability. Results LPS+HTV significantly increased total proteins, TNF-α, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mononuclear cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pulmonary Ly6C+high monocytes (SSClowCD11b+F4/80+Ly6C+high), but not Ly6C+low monocytes (SSClowCD11b+F4/80+Ly6C+low), were significantly elevated starting at 4 hr. Clodronate liposomes were able to significantly reduce pulmonary Ly6C+high monocytes, and VEGF and total protein in BALF, and restore PaO2/FiO2. There was a strong correlation between pulmonary Ly6C+high monocytes and BALF VEGF (R2 = 0.8791, p<0.001). Moreover, sorted Ly6C+high monocytes were able to produce VEGF, resulting in an increased permeability of endothelial cell monolayer in an in vitro endothelial cell permeability assay. Conclusion VEGF produced by pulmonary infiltrated Ly6C+high monocytes regulates vasculature permeability in a two-hit model of HTV-induced lung injury. Ly6C+high monocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kuo Lin
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Ming Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Ikezoe T, Yang J, Nishioka C, Umezawa K, Yokoyama A. Thrombomodulin blocks calcineurin inhibitor-induced vascular permeability via inhibition of Src/VE-cadherin axis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:245-251. [PMID: 27643869 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) counteracted capillary leakage and alleviated edema in individuals with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and engraftment syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We previously showed that rTM increased levels of antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 and protected endothelial cells from calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which rTM enhances barrier function in vascular endothelial cells remain unknown. Here we show that exposure of vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells to CsA induced phosphorylation of Src/vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and translocation of VE-cadherin from cell surface to cytoplasm, resulting in an increase in vascular permeability. In addition, CsA increased production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, associated with an increase in nuclear levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) which also enhanced vascular permeability. Importantly, the fourth and fifth regions of epidermal growth factor-like domain of TM (TME45) attenuated CsA-induced p-Src/VE-cadherin and vascular permeability in parallel with a decrease in nuclear levels of NF-κB and cytokine production in EA.hy926 cells. In conclusion, TM, especially TME45, maintains vascular integrity, at least in part, via Src signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikezoe
- Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - J Yang
- Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - C Nishioka
- Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - K Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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30
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Maringer K, Sims-Lucas S. The multifaceted role of the renal microvasculature during acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:1231-40. [PMID: 26493067 PMCID: PMC4841763 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a complex disease process for clinicians as it is multifactorial in cause and only limited treatment or preventatives are available. The renal microvasculature has recently been implicated in AKI as a strong therapeutic candidate involved in both injury and recovery. Significant progress has been made in the ability to study the renal microvasculature following ischemic AKI and its role in repair. Advances have also been made in elucidating cell-cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in these interactions. The ability of the kidney to repair post AKI is closely linked to alterations in hypoxia, and these studies are elucidated in this review. Injury to the microvasculature following AKI plays an integral role in mediating the inflammatory response, thereby complicating potential therapeutics. However, recent work with experimental animal models suggests that the endothelium and its cellular and molecular interactions are attractive targets to prevent injury or hasten repair following AKI. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the renal endothelium in AKI, as well as repair and recovery, and potential therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate injury and hasten repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Maringer
- Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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31
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Myeloid thrombomodulin lectin-like domain inhibits osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28340. [PMID: 27311356 PMCID: PMC4911607 DOI: 10.1038/srep28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is an essential process during bone metabolism which can also be promoted by inflammatory signals. Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane glycoprotein, exerts anti-inflammatory activities such as neutralization of proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) through TM lectin-like domain. This study aimed to identify the role of myeloid TM (i.e., endogenous TM expression on the myeloid lineage) in osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss. Using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, we observed that the protein levels of TM were dramatically reduced as these cells differentiated into osteoclasts. In addition, osteoclastogenesis and extracellular HMGB1 accumulation were enhanced in primary cultured monocytes from myeloid-specific TM-deficient mice (LysMcre/TMflox/flox) and from TM lectin-like domain deleted mice (TMLeD/LeD) compared with their respective controls. Micro-computerized tomography scans showed that ovariectomy-induced bone loss was more pronounced in TMLeD/LeD mice compared with controls. Finally, the inhibiting effects of recombinant TM lectin-like domain (rTMD1) on bone resorption in vitro, and bone loss in both the ovariectomized model and collagen antibody-induced arthritis model has been detected. These findings suggested that the myeloid TM lectin-like domain may inhibit osteoclastogenesis by reducing HMGB1 signaling, and rTMD1 may hold therapeutic potential for inflammatory bone loss.
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Ogbechi J, Ruf MT, Hall BS, Bodman-Smith K, Vogel M, Wu HL, Stainer A, Esmon CT, Ahnström J, Pluschke G, Simmonds RE. Mycolactone-Dependent Depletion of Endothelial Cell Thrombomodulin Is Strongly Associated with Fibrin Deposition in Buruli Ulcer Lesions. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005011. [PMID: 26181660 PMCID: PMC4504485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-known histopathological feature of diseased skin in Buruli ulcer (BU) is coagulative necrosis caused by the Mycobacterium ulcerans macrolide exotoxin mycolactone. Since the underlying mechanism is not known, we have investigated the effect of mycolactone on endothelial cells, focussing on the expression of surface anticoagulant molecules involved in the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Congenital deficiencies in this natural anticoagulant pathway are known to induce thrombotic complications such as purpura fulimans and spontaneous necrosis. Mycolactone profoundly decreased thrombomodulin (TM) expression on the surface of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVEC) at doses as low as 2ng/ml and as early as 8hrs after exposure. TM activates protein C by altering thrombin’s substrate specificity, and exposure of HDMVEC to mycolactone for 24 hours resulted in an almost complete loss of the cells’ ability to produce activated protein C. Loss of TM was shown to be due to a previously described mechanism involving mycolactone-dependent blockade of Sec61 translocation that results in proteasome-dependent degradation of newly synthesised ER-transiting proteins. Indeed, depletion from cells determined by live-cell imaging of cells stably expressing a recombinant TM-GFP fusion protein occurred at the known turnover rate. In order to determine the relevance of these findings to BU disease, immunohistochemistry of punch biopsies from 40 BU lesions (31 ulcers, nine plaques) was performed. TM abundance was profoundly reduced in the subcutis of 78% of biopsies. Furthermore, it was confirmed that fibrin deposition is a common feature of BU lesions, particularly in the necrotic areas. These findings indicate that there is decreased ability to control thrombin generation in BU skin. Mycolactone’s effects on normal endothelial cell function, including its ability to activate the protein C anticoagulant pathway are strongly associated with this. Fibrin-driven tissue ischemia could contribute to the development of the tissue necrosis seen in BU lesions. Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease that is most common in West Africa and parts of Australia, but has been reported from over 30 countries worldwide. The symptoms are painless ulcers of the skin caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria, Mycobacterium ulcerans, produce a macrolide toxin called mycolactone. In this manuscript, we have studied the effects of mycolactone on endothelial cells, specialised cells that line blood vessels and form capillaries. One of the most important functions of these cells is to prevent blood from clotting inside the vessels. We show that mycolactone reduces the ability of cultured endothelial cells to anticoagulate blood, by blocking the expression of a protein called thrombomodulin. We went on to examine samples of BU patient skin and found that thrombomodulin is also reduced here, and that in contrast to normal skin large amounts of fibrin (one of the main constituents of blood clots) were present. This means that it may be useful to consider whether anticoagulants might improve the response to antibiotics and thereby improve treatment outcomes for BU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ogbechi
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Thérèse Ruf
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Belinda S. Hall
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bodman-Smith
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Vogel
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Stainer
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Charles T. Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Centre for Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel E. Simmonds
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ma CY, Chang WE, Shi GY, Chang BY, Cheng SE, Shih YT, Wu HL. Recombinant Thrombomodulin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Blocking the Functions of CD14. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1905-15. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuo CH, Sung MC, Chen PK, Chang BI, Lee FT, Cho CF, Hsieh TT, Huang YC, Li YH, Shi GY, Luo CY, Wu HL. FGFR1 mediates recombinant thrombomodulin domain-induced angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:107-17. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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The effects of amphiregulin induced MMP-13 production in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblast. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:759028. [PMID: 25147440 PMCID: PMC4131469 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) belongs to a group of degenerative diseases. Synovial inflammation, cartilage abrasion, and subchondral sclerosis are characteristics of OA. Researchers do not fully understand the exact etiology of OA. However, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for cartilage matrix degradation, play a pivotal role in the progression of OA. Amphiregulin (AREG) binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR) and activates downstream proteins. AREG is involved in a variety of pathological processes, such as the development of tumors, inflammatory diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the relationship between AREG and MMP-13 in OA synovial fibroblasts (SFs) remains unclear. We investigated the signaling pathway involved in AREG-induced MMP-13 production in SFs. AREG caused MMP-13 production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The results of using pharmacological inhibitors and EGFR siRNA to block EGFR revealed that the EGFR receptor was involved in the AREG-mediated upregulation of MMP-13. AREG-mediated MMP-13 production was attenuated by PI3K and Akt inhibitors. The stimulation of cells by using AREG activated p65 phosphorylation and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Our results provide evidence that AREG acts through the EGFR and activates PI3K, Akt, and finally NF-kappaB on the MMP-13 promoter, thus contributing to cartilage destruction during osteoarthritis.
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Kager LM, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ. The coagulation system in melioidosis: from pathogenesis to new treatment strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:993-1002. [PMID: 24962103 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.928198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a dreadful disease common in South-East Asia and Northern Australia and is characterized by chronic suppurative lesions and pneumonia. Melioidosis may evolve into severe sepsis with multi-organ failure with high mortalities, despite proper antibiotic therapy. Besides activation of a strong pro-inflammatory host response, the coagulation system plays an important role during melioidosis, which is thought to be host-protective. In particular, a procoagulant state together with downregulation of anticoagulant pathways and activation of fibrinolysis are present, all closely interrelated with parameters of inflammation. This review presents an overview of recent studies in which the role of coagulation, anti-coagulation and fibrinolysis during melioidosis was investigated both in patients and in experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Martine Kager
- Academic Medical Center, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130,1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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RHBDL2 is a critical membrane protease for anoikis resistance in human malignant epithelial cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:902987. [PMID: 24977233 PMCID: PMC4058132 DOI: 10.1155/2014/902987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance allows metastatic tumor cells to survive in a homeless environment. Activation of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is one of the key mechanisms for metastatic tumor cells to resist anoikis, yet the regulation mechanisms of homeless-triggered EGFR activation in metastatic tumor cells remain unclear. Rhomboid-like-2 (RHBDL2), an evolutionally conserved intramembrane serine protease, can cleave the EGF ligand and thus trigger EGFR activation. Herein, we demonstrated that RHBDL2 overexpression in human epithelial cells resulted in promotion of cell proliferation, reduction of cell adhesion, and suppression of anoikis. During long-term suspension cultures, increased RHBDL2 was only detected in aggressive tumor cell lines. Treatment with the rhomboid protease inhibitor or RHBDL2 shRNA increased cleaved caspase 3, a marker of apoptosis. Finally, inhibition of EGFR activation increased the cleaved caspase 3 and attenuated the detachment-induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the first time that RHBDL2 is a critical molecule in anoikis resistance of malignant epithelial cells, possibly through the EGFR-mediated signaling. Our study demonstrates RHBDL2 as a new therapeutic target for cancer metastasis.
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Soluble thrombomodulin is a paracrine anti-apoptotic factor for vascular endothelial protection. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:340-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mice Lacking the Lectin-Like Domain of Thrombomodulin Are Protected Against Melioidosis. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e221-30. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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McElroy AK, Erickson BR, Flietstra TD, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Towner JS, Spiropoulou CF. Ebola hemorrhagic Fever: novel biomarker correlates of clinical outcome. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:558-66. [PMID: 24526742 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) outbreaks occur sporadically in Africa and result in high rates of death. The 2000-2001 outbreak of Sudan virus-associated EHF in the Gulu district of Uganda led to 425 cases, of which 216 were laboratory confirmed, making it the largest EHF outbreak on record. Serum specimens from this outbreak had been preserved in liquid nitrogen from the time of collection and were available for analysis. METHODS Available samples were tested using a series of multiplex assays to measure the concentrations of 55 biomarkers. The data were analyzed to identify statistically significant associations between the tested biomarkers and hemorrhagic manifestations, viremia, and/or death. RESULTS Death, hemorrhage, and viremia were independently associated with elevated levels of several chemokines and cytokines. Death and hemorrhage were associated with elevated thrombomodulin and ferritin levels. Hemorrhage was also associated with elevated levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule. Viremia was independently associated with elevated levels of tissue factor and tissue plasminogen activator. Finally, samples from nonfatal cases had higher levels of sCD40L. CONCLUSIONS These novel associations provide a better understanding of EHF pathophysiology and a starting point for researching new potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bobbie R Erickson
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Pierre E Rollin
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Recombinant human thrombomodulin suppresses experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms induced by calcium chloride in mice. Ann Surg 2014; 258:1103-10. [PMID: 23295319 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31827df7cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether recombinant thrombomodulin containing all the extracellular domains (rTMD123) has therapeutic potential against aneurysm development. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by chronic inflammation and proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix. Thrombomodulin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, exerts anti-inflammatory activities such as inhibition of cytokine production and sequestration of proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to prevent it from engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) that may sustain inflammation and tissue damage. METHODS The in vivo effects of treatment and posttreatment with rTMD123 on aortic dilatation were measured using the CaCl2-induced AAA model in mice. RESULTS Characterization of the CaCl2-induced model revealed that HMGB1 and RAGE, both localized mainly to macrophages, were persistently upregulated during a 28-day period of AAA development. In vitro, rTMD123-HMGB1 interaction prevented HMGB1 binding to macrophages, thereby prohibiting activation of HMGB1-RAGE signaling in macrophages. In vivo, short-term treatment with rTMD123 upon AAA induction suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, HMGB1, and RAGE in the aortic tissue; reduced the infiltrating macrophage number; and finally attenuated matrix metalloproteinase production, extracellular matrix destruction, and AAA formation without disturbing vascular calcification. Consistently, posttreatment with rTMD123 seven days after AAA induction alleviated vascular inflammation and retarded AAA progression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rTMD123 confers protection against AAA development. The mechanism of action may be associated with reduction of proinflammatory mediators, blockade of macrophage recruitment, and suppression of HMGB1-RAGE signaling involved in aneurysm formation and downstream macrophage activation.
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Lin Y, Huang C, Shih C, Chang W, Shyue S, Tsai Y, Lin C, Lee C, Chang Y, Chang N, Lin F, Tsai C. The C-Terminal Domain of Thrombomodulin Regulates Monocyte Migration with Interleukin-6 Stimulation. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is expressed on the surface of monocyte, which is important in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and inflammatory responses. In a previous study, we demonstrated that TM on monocyte is negatively associated with cell migration. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear, therefore, we explored the mechanisms in this study. Chemotactic assays and immunofluorescence showed that TM siRNA increased the Chemotaxis of the IL-6-activated THP-1, and aggravated actin assembly relative to the IL-6-treated control. In contrast, cells overexpressing plasmids containing full-length or domain 5 of TM followed by IL-6 treatment displayed lower Chemotaxis and less actin assembly. Western blot analysis showed that TM knockdown markedly increased cytoskeleton components cofilin and LIMK1 phosphorylation in IL-6-treated THP-1, whereas, transfected cells with HA-TM FL or HA-TM D5, but not HA-TM Dl-3 plasmids, reversed the effects. Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK, upstream regulators of cytoskeleton components, were also inhibited in overexpressed group. Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that actin interacts with TM and intersectin1 in THP-1. Decreased interaction between intersectin1 and actin in TM knockdowns suggested that the interaction is mediated by TM. Our findings indicate that TM domain 5 is a negative regulator and seems to have the ability to inhibit paxillin, cofilin, LIMK1, and actin activation. The mechanisms for the repression effect of domain 5 may be mediated by inhibition of the ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK activation. Expression of domain 5 of TM may represent a promising approach for controlling monocyte migration, and TM may have potential applications in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.W. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - C.M. Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - W.L. Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - S.K. Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Y.T. Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Y.J. Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N.C. Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - F.Y. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
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Human plasminogen kringle 1–5 inhibits angiogenesis and induces thrombomodulin degradation in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Andrade Carvalho A, da Costa PM, Da Silva Souza LG, Lemos TLG, Alves APNN, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO. Inhibition of metastatic potential of B16-F10 melanoma cell line in vivo and in vitro by biflorin. Life Sci 2013; 93:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is involved in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-enhanced cell motility and matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15459-78. [PMID: 23892595 PMCID: PMC3759868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the primary malignancy of bone that is characterized by a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis, and is therefore associated with poor prognoses. Chondrosarcoma further shows a predilection for metastasis to the lungs. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small molecule in the neurotrophin family of growth factors that is associated with the disease status and outcome of cancers. However, the effect of BDNF on cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells is mostly unknown. Here, we found that human chondrosarcoma cell lines had significantly higher cell motility and BDNF expression compared to normal chondrocytes. We also found that BDNF increased cell motility and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in human chondrosarcoma cells. BDNF-mediated cell motility and MMP-1 up-regulation were attenuated by Trk inhibitor (K252a), ASK1 inhibitor (thioredoxin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Furthermore, BDNF also promoted Sp1 activation. Our results indicate that BDNF enhances the migration and invasion activity of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP-1 expression through a signal transduction pathway that involves the TrkB receptor, ASK1, JNK/p38, and Sp1. BDNF thus represents a promising new target for treating chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Lin TH, Liu HH, Tsai TH, Chen CC, Hsieh TF, Lee SS, Lee YJ, Chen WC, Tang CH. CCL2 increases αvβ3 integrin expression and subsequently promotes prostate cancer migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4917-27. [PMID: 23845726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), belongs to the CC chemokine family which is associated with the disease status and outcomes of cancers. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. However, the effect of CCL2 on human prostate cancer cells is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the role of CCL2 in integrin expression and migratory activity in prostate cancers. METHODS Prostate cancer migration was examined using Transwell, wound healing, and invasion assay. The PKCδ and c-Src phosphorylations were examined by using western blotting. The qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of integrins. A transient transfection protocol was used to examine AP-1 activity. RESULTS Stimulation of prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) induced migration and expression of integrin αvβ3. Treatment of cells with αvβ3 antibody or siRNA abolished CCL2-increased cell migration. CCL2-increased migration and integrin expression were diminished by CCR2 but not by CCR4 inhibitors, suggesting that the CCR2 receptor is involved in CCL2-promoted prostate cancer migration. CCL2 activated a signal transduction pathway that includes PKCδ, c-Src, and AP-1. Reagents that inhibit specific components of this pathway each diminished the ability of CCL2 to effect cell migration and integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS Interaction between CCL2 and CCR2 enhances migration of prostate cancer cells through an increase in αvβ3 integrin production. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE CCL2 is a critical factor of prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Huang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang L, Jiang R, Sun XL. Recombinant thrombomodulin of different domains for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cell transplantation applications. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:479-502. [PMID: 23804235 DOI: 10.1002/med.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane glycoprotein mainly expressed by vascular endothelial cells and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation, inflammation, cancer development, and embryogenesis. Human TM consists of 557 amino acids divided into five distinct domains: N-terminal lectin-like domain (designated as TMD1); six epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain (TMD2); Ser/Thr-rich domain (TMD3); transmembrane domain (TMD4); and cytoplasmic tail domain (TMD5). The different domains are responsible for different biological functions of TM. In the past decades, various domains of TM have been cloned and expressed for TM structural and functional study. Further, recombinant TMs of different domains show promising antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activity in both rodents and primates and a recombinant soluble TM has been approved for therapeutic application. This review highlights recombinant TMs of diverse structures and their biological functions, as well as the complex interactions of TM with factors involved in the related biological processes. Particularly, recent advances in exploring recombinant TM of different domains for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cell transplantation applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
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Yu HS, Lin TH, Tang CH. Involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation in bradykinin promotes cell motility in human prostate cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13329-45. [PMID: 23803661 PMCID: PMC3742189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to distant organs. Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator and has recently been shown to mediate tumor growth and metastasis. The adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a critical role during tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine whether BK promotes prostate cancer cell migration via ICAM-1 expression. The motility of cancer cells was increased following BK treatment. Stimulation of prostate cancer cells with BK induced mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1. Transfection of cells with ICAM-1 small interfering RNA reduced BK-increased cell migration. Pretreatment of prostate cancer cells with B2 receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and activator protein 1 (AP-1) inhibitors or mutants abolished BK-promoted migration and ICAM-1 expression. In addition, treatment with a B2 receptor, PI3K, or Akt inhibitor also reduced BK-mediated AP-1 activation. Our results indicate that BK enhances the migration of prostate cancer cells by increasing ICAM-1 expression through a signal transduction pathway that involves the B2 receptor, PI3K, Akt, and AP-1. Thus, BK represents a promising new target for treating prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shan Yu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung 42743, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 7726); Fax: +886-4-2233-3641
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Tsai CH, Chiang YC, Chen HT, Huang PH, Hsu HC, Tang CH. High glucose induces vascular endothelial growth factor production in human synovial fibroblasts through reactive oxygen species generation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2649-58. [PMID: 23274526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an independent risk factor of osteoarthritis (OA). Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of OA. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in high glucose (HG)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human synovial fibroblast cells. METHODS HG-mediated VEGF expression was assessed with qPCR and ELISA. The mechanisms of action of HG in different signaling pathways were studied using Western blotting. Knockdown of proteins was achieved by transfection with siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study in vivo binding of c-Jun to the VEGF promoter. RESULTS Stimulation of OA synovial fibroblasts (OASF) with HG induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in VEGF expression. Treatment of OASF with HG increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Pretreatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (APO or DPI), ROS scavenger (NAC), PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002 or wortmannin), Akt inhibitor, or AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin or tanshinone IIA) blocked the HG-induced VEGF production. HG also increased PI3K and Akt activation. Treatment of OASF with HG increased the accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus, AP-1-luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the VEGF promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HG increases VEGF expression in human synovial fibroblasts via the ROS, PI3K, Akt, c-Jun and AP-1 signaling pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We link high glucose on VEGF expression in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu MH, Chen LM, Hsu HH, Lin JA, Lin YM, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Tang CH. Endothelin-1 enhances cell migration through COX-2 up-regulation in human chondrosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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