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van de Sande MGH, Elewaut D. Pathophysiology and immunolgical basis of axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101897. [PMID: 38030467 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the recent years the wider availability and application of state-of-the-art immunological technologies greatly advanced the insight into the mechanisms that play an important role in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) pathophysiology. This increased understanding has facilitated the development of novel treatments that target disease relevant pathways, hereby improving outcome for axSpA patients. In axSpA pathophysiology genetic and environmental factors as well as immune activation by mechanical or bacterial stress resulting in a chronic inflammatory response have a central role. The TNF and IL-23/IL-17 immune pathways play a pivotal role in these disease mechanisms. This review provides an outline of the immunological basis of axSpA with a focus on key genetic risk factors and their link to activation of the pathological immune response, as well as on the role of the gut and entheses in the initiation of inflammation with subsequent new bone formation in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen G H van de Sande
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent University and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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2
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Lenart I, Truong LH, Nguyen DD, Rasiukienė O, Tsao E, Armstrong J, Kumar P, McHugh K, Pereira BI, Maan BS, Garstka MA, Bowness P, Blake N, Powis SJ, Gould K, Nesbeth D, Antoniou AN. Intrinsic Folding Properties of the HLA-B27 Heavy Chain Revealed by Single Chain Trimer Versions of Peptide-Loaded Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902135. [PMID: 35958592 PMCID: PMC9359109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-loaded Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC) class I molecules can be expressed in a single chain trimeric (SCT) format, composed of a specific peptide fused to the light chain beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) and MHC class I heavy chain (HC) by flexible linker peptides. pMHC SCTs have been used as effective molecular tools to investigate cellular immunity and represent a promising vaccine platform technology, due to their intracellular folding and assembly which is apparently independent of host cell folding pathways and chaperones. However, certain MHC class I HC molecules, such as the Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 (HLA-B27) allele, present a challenge due to their tendency to form HC aggregates. We constructed a series of single chain trimeric molecules to determine the behaviour of the HLA-B27 HC in a scenario that usually allows for efficient MHC class I molecule folding. When stably expressed, a pMHC SCT incorporating HLA-B27 HC formed chaperone-bound homodimers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A series of HLA-B27 SCT substitution mutations revealed that the F pocket and antigen binding groove regions of the HLA-B27 HC defined the folding and dimerisation of the single chain complex, independently of the peptide sequence. Furthermore, pMHC SCTs can demonstrate variability in their association with the intracellular antigen processing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Lenart
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs, Science Pharma, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linh-Huyen Truong
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dinh Dung Nguyen
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Department, Medical Genetics centre, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Olga Rasiukienė
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Tsao
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Armstrong
- School of Medicine and Biological Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Medicine and Biological Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- The Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Branca I. Pereira
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research and Development Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balraj S. Maan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- School of Medical Education, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata A. Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Paul Bowness
- The Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Blake
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Powis
- School of Medicine and Biological Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Gould
- Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Nesbeth
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antony N. Antoniou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Antony N. Antoniou,
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3
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Pymm P, Tenzer S, Wee E, Weimershaus M, Burgevin A, Kollnberger S, Gerstoft J, Josephs TM, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Appay V, Price DA, Fugger L, Bell JI, Schild H, van Endert P, Harkiolaki M, Iversen AKN. Epitope length variants balance protective immune responses and viral escape in HIV-1 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110449. [PMID: 35235807 PMCID: PMC9631117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses to a single optimal 10-mer epitope (KK10) in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protein p24Gag are associated with enhanced immune control in patients expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B∗27:05. We find that proteasomal activity generates multiple length variants of KK10 (4-14 amino acids), which bind TAP and HLA-B∗27:05. However, only epitope forms ≥8 amino acids evoke peptide length-specific and cross-reactive CTL responses. Structural analyses reveal that all epitope forms bind HLA-B∗27:05 via a conserved N-terminal motif, and competition experiments show that the truncated epitope forms outcompete immunogenic epitope forms for binding to HLA-B∗27:05. Common viral escape mutations abolish (L136M) or impair (R132K) production of KK10 and longer epitope forms. Peptide length influences how well the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR3DL1 binds HLA-B∗27:05 peptide complexes and how intraepitope mutations affect this interaction. These results identify a viral escape mechanism from CTL and NK responses based on differential antigen processing and peptide competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pymm
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, 1G Royalparade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edmund Wee
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mirjana Weimershaus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Burgevin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The National University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Tenovus Building, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, The Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Structural Biology Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 0DE Didcot, UK
| | - Astrid K N Iversen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Ma J, Ayres CM, Hellman LM, Devlin JR, Baker BM. Dynamic allostery controls the peptide sensitivity of the Ly49C natural killer receptor. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100686. [PMID: 33891944 PMCID: PMC8138769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors, natural killer (NK) cells protect against disease by eliminating cells that have downregulated class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, such as in response to cell transformation or viral infection. The inhibitory murine NK receptor Ly49C specifically recognizes the class I MHC protein H-2Kb. Unusual among NK receptors, Ly49C exhibits a peptide-dependent sensitivity to H-2Kb recognition, which has not been explained despite detailed structural studies. To gain further insight into Ly49C peptide sensitivity, we examined Ly49C recognition biochemically and through the lens of dynamic allostery. We found that the peptide sensitivity of Ly49C arises through small differences in H-2Kb-binding affinity. Although molecular dynamics simulations supported a role for peptide-dependent protein dynamics in producing these differences in binding affinity, calorimetric measurements indicated an enthalpically as opposed to entropically driven process. A quantitative linkage analysis showed that this emerges from peptide-dependent dynamic tuning of electrostatic interactions across the Ly49C–H-2Kb interface. We propose a model whereby different peptides alter the flexibility of H-2Kb, which in turn changes the strength of electrostatic interactions across the protein–protein interface. Our results provide a quantitative assessment of how peptides alter Ly49C-binding affinity, suggest the underlying mechanism, and demonstrate peptide-driven allostery at work in class I MHC proteins. Lastly, our model provides a solution for how dynamic allostery could impact binding of some, but not all, class I MHC partners depending on the structural and chemical composition of the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Cory M Ayres
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Lance M Hellman
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Nevada State College, Henderson, Nevada, USA
| | - Jason R Devlin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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5
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Loll B, Rückert C, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Conformational Plasticity of HLA-B27 Molecules Correlates Inversely With Efficiency of Negative T Cell Selection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:179. [PMID: 32117305 PMCID: PMC7027375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of autoimmune disorders is incompletely understood. Inefficient thymic T cell selection against self-peptides presented by major histocompatibility antigens (HLA in humans) may contribute to the emergence of auto-reactive effector cells, and molecular mimicry between foreign and self-peptides could promote T cell cross-reactivity. A pair of class I subtypes, HLA-B2705 and HLA-B2709, have previously been intensely studied, because they are distinguished from each other only by a single amino acid exchange at the floor of the peptide-binding groove, yet are differentially associated with the autoinflammatory disorder ankylosing spondylitis. Using X-ray crystallography in combination with ensemble refinement, we find that the non-disease-associated subtype HLA-B2709, when presenting the self-peptide pGR (RRRWHRWRL), exhibits elevated conformational dynamics, and the complex can also be recognized by T cells. Both features are not observed in case of the sequence-related self-peptide pVIPR (RRKWRRWHL) in complex with this subtype, and T cell cross-reactivity between pGR, pVIPR, and the viral peptide pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV) is only rarely observed. The disease-associated subtype HLA-B2705, however, exhibits extensive conformational flexibility in case of the three complexes, all of which are also recognized by frequently occurring cross-reactive T cells. A comparison of the structural and dynamic properties of the six HLA-B27 complexes, together with their individual ability to interact with T cells, permits us to correlate the flexibility of HLA-B27 complexes with effector cell reactivity. The results suggest the existence of an inverse relationship between conformational plasticity of peptide-HLA-B27 complexes and the efficiency of negative selection of self-reactive cells within the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Bernhard Loll
| | - Christine Rückert
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Ziegler Biosolutions, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Ziegler Biosolutions, Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany,Andreas Ziegler
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López de Castro JA. How ERAP1 and ERAP2 Shape the Peptidomes of Disease-Associated MHC-I Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2463. [PMID: 30425713 PMCID: PMC6219399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules: birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A*29:02), ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B*27), Behçet's disease (HLA-B*51), and psoriasis (HLA-C*06:02). The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 are also risk factors for these diseases. Since both enzymes are involved in the final processing steps of MHC-I ligands it is reasonable to assume that MHC-I-bound peptides play a significant pathogenetic role. This review will mainly focus on recent studies concerning the effects of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression on shaping the peptidome of disease-associated MHC-I molecules in live cells. These studies will be discussed in the context of the distinct mechanisms and substrate preferences of both enzymes, their different patterns of genetic association with various diseases, the role of polymorphisms determining changes in enzymatic activity or expression levels, and the distinct peptidomes of disease-associated MHC-I allotypes. ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression induce significant changes in multiple MHC-I-bound peptidomes. These changes are MHC allotype-specific and, without excluding a degree of functional inter-dependence between both enzymes, reflect largely separate roles in their processing of MHC-I ligands. The studies reviewed here provide a molecular basis for the distinct patterns of genetic association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with disease and for the pathogenetic role of peptides. The allotype-dependent alterations induced on distinct peptidomes may explain that the joint association of both enzymes and unrelated MHC-I alleles influence different pathological outcomes.
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7
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Guiliano DB, North H, Panayoitou E, Campbell EC, McHugh K, Cooke FGM, Silvestre M, Bowness P, Powis SJ, Antoniou AN. Polymorphisms in the F Pocket of HLA-B27 Subtypes Strongly Affect Assembly, Chaperone Interactions, and Heavy-Chain Misfolding. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:610-621. [PMID: 27723268 DOI: 10.1002/art.39948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HLA-B27 is associated with the inflammatory spondyloarthritides (SpA), although subtypes HLA-B*27:06 and HLA-B*27:09 are not. These subtypes differ from the HLA-B*27:05 disease-associated allele primarily at residues 114 and 116 of the heavy chain, part of the F pocket of the antigen-binding groove. Dimerization of HLA-B27 during assembly has been implicated in disease onset. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence differences in dimerization between disease-associated and non-disease-associated HLA-B27 alleles. METHODS HLA-B*27:05 and mutants resembling the HLA-B*27:06 and 09 subtypes were expressed in the rat C58 T cell line, the human CEM T cell line and its calnexin-deficient variant CEM.NKR. Immunoprecipitation, pulse-chase experiments, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were performed to study the assembly kinetics, heavy-chain dimerization, and chaperone associations. RESULTS By expressing HLA-B*27:05, 06-like, and 09 alleles on a restrictive rat transporter associated with antigen processing background, we demonstrate that a tyrosine expressed at p116, either alone or together with an aspartic acid residue at p114, inhibited HLA-B27 dimerization and increased the assembly rate. F-pocket residues altered the associations with chaperones of the early major histocompatibility complex class I folding pathway. Calnexin was demonstrated to participate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated degradation of dimers, whereas the oxidoreductase ERp57 does not appear to influence dimerization. CONCLUSION Residues within the F pocket of the peptide-binding groove, which differ between disease-associated and non-disease-associated HLA-B27 subtypes, can influence the assembly process and heavy-chain dimerization, events which have been linked to the initiation of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen North
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Colindale Blood Centre, London, UK
| | - Eleni Panayoitou
- NHS North West Surrey Clinical Commissioning Group, Weybridge, UK
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Yanaka S, Sugase K. Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules. Front Immunol 2017; 8:632. [PMID: 28611781 PMCID: PMC5446982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are loaded with a wide variety of self- and non-self-peptides in their binding grooves and present these to T cell receptors (TCRs) in order to activate the adaptive immune system. A large number of crystal structures of different MHC alleles with different bound peptides have been determined, and they have been found to be quite similar to one another regardless of the bound peptide sequence. The structures do not change markedly even when forming complexes with TCRs. Nonetheless, the degree of TCR activation does differ markedly depending on the peptide presented by the MHC. Recent structural studies in solution rather than as crystals have suggested that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules may be responsible for the MHC stability differences. Furthermore, it was shown that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules is important for peptide loading and presentation to TCR. Here, we describe the static and dynamic structures of MHC molecules and appropriate methods to analyze them. We focus particularly on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), one of the most powerful tools to study dynamic properties of proteins. The number of such studies in the literature is limited, but in this review, we show that NMR is valuable for elucidating the structural dynamics of MHC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Biomolecular Functions, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugase
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Separate effects of the ankylosing spondylitis associated ERAP1 and ERAP2 aminopeptidases determine the influence of their combined phenotype on the HLA-B*27 peptidome. J Autoimmun 2017; 79:28-38. [PMID: 28063628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease strongly associated with the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) allotype HLA-B*27. The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP)1 and 2, which trim peptides to their optimal length for MHC-I binding, are also susceptibility factors for this disease. Both highly active ERAP1 variants and ERAP2 expression favor AS, whereas loss-of-function ERAP1 and loss-of-expression ERAP2 variants are protective. Yet, only ERAP1 is in epistasis with HLA-B*27. We addressed two issues concerning the functional interaction of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with the HLA-B*27 peptidome in human cells: 1) distinguishing the effects of ERAP1 from those of ERAP2, and 2) determining the influence of ERAP2 in distinct ERAP1 contexts. Quantitative comparisons of the HLA-B*27:05 peptidomes from cells with various ERAP1/ERAP2 phenotypes were carried out. When cells expressing ERAP2 and either high or low activity ERAP1 variants were compared, increased amounts of nonamers, relative to longer ligands, and decreased amounts of peptides with Ala1, were observed in the more active ERAP1 context. When cells expressing ERAP2 in a low activity ERAP1 context or lacking ERAP2 but expressing a highly active ERAP1 variant were compared, the same effects on peptide length and Ala1, but also significantly lower amounts of peptides with N-terminal basic residues and lower affinity of the peptidome, were observed in the ERAP2-positive context. Thus, ERAP1 and ERAP2 have significant and distinct effects on the HLA-B*27 peptidome, suggesting that both enzymes largely act as separate entities in vivo. This may explain their different patterns of association with AS.
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10
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Understanding the structural dynamics of TCR-pMHC interactions. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:604-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Yanaka S, Ueno T, Shi Y, Qi J, Gao GF, Tsumoto K, Sugase K. Peptide-dependent conformational fluctuation determines the stability of the human leukocyte antigen class I complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24680-90. [PMID: 25028510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.566174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In immune-mediated control of pathogens, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents various antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T-cells. Long-lived peptide presentation is important for efficient antigen-specific T-cell activation. Presentation time depends on the peptide sequence and the stability of the peptide-HLA complex (pHLA). However, the determinant of peptide-dependent pHLA stability remains elusive. Here, to reveal the pHLA stabilization mechanism, we examined the crystal structures of an HLA class I allomorph in complex with HIV-derived peptides and evaluated site-specific conformational fluctuations using NMR. Although the crystal structures of various pHLAs were almost identical independent of the peptides, fluctuation analyses identified a peptide-dependent minor state that would be more tightly packed toward the peptide. The minor population correlated well with the thermostability and cell surface presentation of pHLA, indicating that this newly identified minor state is important for stabilizing the pHLA and facilitating T-cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- From the Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yi Shi
- Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- From the Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 277-8562, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8693, Japan, Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8693, Japan, and
| | - Kenji Sugase
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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13
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Cauli A, Shaw J, Giles J, Hatano H, Rysnik O, Payeli S, McHugh K, Dessole G, Porru G, Desogus E, Fiedler S, Hölper S, Carette A, Blanco-Gelaz MA, Vacca A, Piga M, Ibba V, Garau P, La Nasa G, López-Larrea C, Mathieu A, Renner C, Bowness P, Kollnberger S. The arthritis-associated HLA-B*27:05 allele forms more cell surface B27 dimer and free heavy chain ligands for KIR3DL2 than HLA-B*27:09. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1952-62. [PMID: 23804219 PMCID: PMC3798713 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. HLA-B*27:05 is associated with AS whereas HLA-B*27:09 is not associated. We hypothesized that different interactions with KIR immune receptors could contribute to the difference in disease association between HLA-B*27:05 and HLAB*27:09. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the formation of β2m-free heavy chain (FHC) including B27 dimers (B272) by HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 and their binding to KIR immunoreceptors. Methods. We studied the formation of HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 heterotrimers and FHC forms including dimers in vitro and in transfected cells. We investigated HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 binding to KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 and LILRB2 by FACS staining with class I tetramers and by quantifying interactions with KIR3DL2CD3ε-reporter cells and KIR3DL2-expressing NK cells. We also measured KIR expression on peripheral blood NK and CD4 T cells from 18 HLA-B*27:05 AS patients, 8 HLA-B27 negative and 12 HLA-B*27:05+ and HLA-B*27:09+ healthy controls by FACS staining. Results. HLA-B*27:09 formed less B272 and FHC than HLA-B*27:05. HLA-B*27:05-expressing cells stimulated KIR3DL2CD3ε-reporter T cells more effectively. Cells expressing HLA-B*27:05 promoted KIR3DL2+ NK cell survival more strongly than HLA-B*27:09. HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 dimer tetramers stained KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 and LILRB2 equivalently. Increased proportions of NK and CD4 T cells expressed KIR3DL2 in HLA-B*27:05+ AS patients compared with HLA-B*27:05+, HLA-B*27:09+ and HLA-B27− healthy controls. Conclusion. Differences in the formation of FHC ligands for KIR3DL2 by HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 could contribute to the differential association of these alleles with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cauli
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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14
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Hee CS, Fabian H, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A, Loll B. Comparative biophysical characterization of chicken β2-microglobulin. Biophys Chem 2012; 167:26-35. [PMID: 22695053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)m) is the smallest building block of molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. By comparing thermodynamic and structural characteristics of chicken β(2)m with those of other species, we seek to elucidate whether it is possible to pinpoint features that set the avian protein apart from other β(2)m. The thermodynamic assays revealed that chicken β(2)m exhibits a lower melting temperature than human β(2)m, and the H/D exchange behavior observed by infrared spectroscopy indicates a more flexible structure of the former protein. To understand these differences at a molecular level, we determined the structure of free chicken β(2)m by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.0 Å. Our comparisons indicate that certain biophysical characteristics of the chicken protein, particularly its conformational flexibility, diverge considerably from those of the other β(2)m analyzed, although basic structural features have been retained through evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Seng Hee
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Interaction pattern of Arg 62 in the A-pocket of differentially disease-associated HLA-B27 subtypes suggests distinct TCR binding modes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32865. [PMID: 22403718 PMCID: PMC3293911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The single amino acid replacement Asp116His distinguishes the two subtypes HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 which are, respectively, associated and non-associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease. The reason for this differential association is so far poorly understood and might be related to subtype-specific HLA:peptide conformations as well as to subtype/peptide-dependent dynamical properties on the nanoscale. Here, we combine functional experiments with extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular dynamics and function of the conserved Arg62 of the α1-helix for both B27 subtypes in complex with the self-peptides pVIPR (RRKWRRWHL) and TIS (RRLPIFSRL), and the viral peptides pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV) and NPflu (SRYWAIRTR). Simulations of HLA:peptide systems suggest that peptide-stabilizing interactions of the Arg62 residue observed in crystal structures are metastable for both B27 subtypes under physiological conditions, rendering this arginine solvent-exposed and, probably, a key residue for TCR interaction more than peptide-binding. This view is supported by functional experiments with conservative (R62K) and non-conservative (R62A) B*2705 and B*2709 mutants that showed an overall reduction in their capability to present peptides to CD8+ T cells. Moreover, major subtype-dependent differences in the peptide recognition suggest distinct TCR binding modes for the B*2705 versus the B*2709 subtype.
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16
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Uchanska-Ziegler B, Loll B, Fabian H, Hee CS, Saenger W, Ziegler A. HLA class I-associated diseases with a suspected autoimmune etiology: HLA-B27 subtypes as a model system. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 91:274-86. [PMID: 21665321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most autoimmune diseases are connected to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles, a small number of these disorders exhibit a variable degree of association with selected MHC class I genes, like certain human HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. The basis for these associations, however, has so far remained elusive. An understanding might be obtained by comparing functional, biochemical, and biophysical properties of alleles that are minimally distinct from each other, but are nevertheless differentially associated to a given disease, like the HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*27:09 antigens, which differ only by a single amino acid residue (Asp116His) that is deeply buried within the binding groove. We have employed a number of approaches, including X-ray crystallography and isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy, to investigate biophysical characteristics of the two HLA-B27 subtypes complexed with up to ten different peptides. Our findings demonstrate that the binding of these peptides as well as the conformational flexibility of the subtypes is greatly influenced by interactions of the C-terminal peptide residue. In particular, a basic C-terminal peptide residue is favoured by the disease-associated subtype HLA-B*27:05, but not by HLA-B*27:09. This property appears also as the only common denominator of distinct HLA class I alleles, among them HLA-B*27:05, HLA-A*03:01 or HLA-A*11:01, that are associated with diseases suspected to have an autoimmune etiology. We postulate here that the products of these alleles, due to their unusual ability to bind with high affinity to a particular peptide set during positive T cell selection in the thymus, are involved in shaping an abnormal T cell repertoire which predisposes to the acquisition of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Fabian H, Loll B, Huser H, Naumann D, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Influence of inflammation-related changes on conformational characteristics of HLA-B27 subtypes as detected by IR spectroscopy. FEBS J 2011; 278:1713-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Loll B, Rückert C, Hee CS, Saenger W, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Loss of recognition by cross-reactive T cells and its relation to a C-terminus-induced conformational reorientation of an HLA-B*2705-bound peptide. Protein Sci 2011; 20:278-90. [PMID: 21280120 PMCID: PMC3048413 DOI: 10.1002/pro.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex class I antigen HLA-B*2705 binds several sequence-related peptides (pVIPR, RRKWRRWHL; pLPM2, RRRWRRLTV; pGR, RRRWHRWRL). Cross-reactivity of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) against these HLA-B*2705:peptide complexes seemed to depend on a particular peptide conformation that is facilitated by the engagement of a crucial residue within the binding groove (Asp116), associated with a noncanonical bulging-in of the middle portion of the bound peptide. We were interested whether a conformational reorientation of the ligand might contribute to the lack of cross-reactivity of these CTL with a peptide derived from voltage-dependent calcium channel α1 subunit (pCAC, SRRWRRWNR), in which the C-terminal peptide residue pArg9 could engage Asp116. Analyses of the HLA-B*2705:pCAC complex by X-ray crystallography at 1.94 Å resolution demonstrated that the peptide had indeed undergone a drastic reorientation, leading it to adopt a canonical binding mode accompanied by the loss of molecular mimicry between pCAC and sequence-related peptides such as pVIPR, pLMP2, and pGR. This was clearly a consequence of interactions of pArg9 with Asp116 and other F-pocket residues. Furthermore, we observed an unprecedented reorientation of several additional residues of the HLA-B*2705 heavy chain near the N-terminal region of the peptide, including also the presence of double conformations of two glutamate residues, Glu63 and Glu163, on opposing sides of the peptide binding groove. Together with the Arg-Ser exchange at peptide position 1, there are thus multiple structural reasons that may explain the observed failure of pVIPR-directed, HLA-B*2705-restricted CTL to cross-react with HLA-B*2705:pCAC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 6, Berlin 14195, Germany,*Correspondence to: Bernhard Loll, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, Berlin 14195, Germany. E-mail:
| | - Christine Rückert
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität BerlinThielallee 73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Chee Seng Hee
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität BerlinThielallee 73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Wolfram Saenger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Kristallographie, Freie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität BerlinThielallee 73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität BerlinThielallee 73, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Structure of a classical MHC class I molecule that binds "non-classical" ligands. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000557. [PMID: 21151886 PMCID: PMC2998441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken MHC YF1*7.1 X-ray structures reveal that this protein binds lipids and thus represents a "hybrid" class I complex with features of classical as well as non-classical MHC molecules. Chicken YF1 genes share a close sequence relationship with classical MHC class I loci but map outside of the core MHC region. To obtain insights into their function, we determined the structure of the YF1*7.1/β2-microgloblin complex by X-ray crystallography at 1.3 Å resolution. It exhibits the architecture typical of classical MHC class I molecules but possesses a hydrophobic binding groove that contains a non-peptidic ligand. This finding prompted us to reconstitute YF1*7.1 also with various self-lipids. Seven additional YF1*7.1 structures were solved, but only polyethyleneglycol molecules could be modeled into the electron density within the binding groove. However, an assessment of YF1*7.1 by native isoelectric focusing indicated that the molecules were also able to bind nonself-lipids. The ability of YF1*7.1 to interact with hydrophobic ligands is unprecedented among classical MHC class I proteins and might aid the chicken immune system to recognize a diverse ligand repertoire with a minimal number of MHC class I molecules. Proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play crucial roles in vertebrate immune systems, presenting pathogen-derived protein fragments to receptors on effector cells. In contrast, some non-classical MHC class I proteins such as CD1 molecules possess a hydrophobic groove that allows them to display lipids. Chicken MHC-Y is a genetic region outside the core MHC that harbors several immune-related genes, among them YF1*7.1, which encodes a protein whose structure we solved in this study. YF1*7.1 is an MHC class I molecule that exhibits the architecture typical of classical MHC class I antigens but possesses a hydrophobic binding groove that binds non-peptidic ligands. By using lipid-binding assays, we show that this molecule can indeed bind lipids. Therefore, YF1*7.1 bridges, at least in structural terms, the traditional gap between classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules. Lipid-binding YF1 proteins might serve the chicken to enlarge its otherwise very small repertoire of antigen-presenting MHC class I molecules. Furthermore, comparative analyses of the two protein subunits of classical MHC molecules revealed a structural feature in chickens that appears to be shared by non-mammalian but not by mammalian vertebrates. This unique feature is indicative of a structure-dependent co-evolution of two genetically unlinked genes in non-mammalian species.
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Abstract
The two most frequent HLA-B27 subtypes worldwide are B*2704 and B*2705. In the Han population of China B*2704 and, to a lower extent, B*2705 are found with significant frequency, and both are associated to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Two articles in this issue report that the association to AS in this ethnic group is stronger for B*2704 than for B*2705. Thus, at least among the Han, B*2704 would be the strongest known susceptibility factor for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Motozono C, Mwimanzi P, Ueno T. Dynamic interplay between viral adaptation and immune recognition during HIV-1 infection. Protein Cell 2010; 1:514-9. [PMID: 21204005 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections usually lead to death from AIDS, although the rate of the disease progression varies widely among individuals. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, which is restricted by highly polymorphic MHC class I alleles, plays a central role in controlling HIV replication. It is now recognized that the antiviral efficacy of CTLs at the single cell level is dependent on their antigen specificity and is important in determining the quality of host response to viruses so that the individual will remain asymptomatic. However, because of the extreme mutational plasticity of HIV, HIV-specific CTL responses are continuously and dynamically changing. In order to rationally design an effective vaccine, the questions as to what constitutes an effective antiviral CTL response and what characterizes a potent antigenic peptide to induce such responses are becoming highlighted as needing to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Motozono
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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22
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Fabian H, Huser H, Loll B, Ziegler A, Naumann D, Uchanska-Ziegler B. HLA-B27 heavy chains distinguished by a micropolymorphism exhibit differential flexibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:978-87. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Nurzia E, Panimolle F, Cauli A, Mathieu A, Magnacca A, Paladini F, Sorrentino R, Fiorillo MT. CD8+ T-cell mediated self-reactivity in HLA-B27 context as a consequence of dual peptide conformation. Clin Immunol 2010; 135:476-82. [PMID: 20167541 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B2709 does not predispose for Ankylosing Spondylitis although it differs from B2705, the most common and AS-associated subtype in different ethnic groups, only for the substitution His116Asp. Therefore, a productive approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the disease could be the comparison of these alleles. B2705 has been shown to display certain self-peptides enriched in basic residues i.e., pVIPR and pGR, in a dual conformation and this is accompanied by the presence of specific cytotoxic T cells in patients with AS. In this study, we convalidate our previous observation that B2709 healthy subjects do not possess primary reactivity towards pVIPR while showing a prompt CD8+ T cell response driven by pGR. Notably, in the B2709 context of presentation, pVIPR assumes only a single conformation in contrast with pGR which is dimorphic. These results suggest a possible general connection between the occurrence of double peptide conformation and the property of inducing specific autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nurzia
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Mou Y, Wu Z, Gu J, Liao Z, Lin Z, Wei Q, Huang J, Li Q. HLA-B27 polymorphism in patients with juvenile and adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis in Southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:56-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Kumar P, Vahedi-Faridi A, Saenger W, Merino E, López de Castro JA, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Structural basis for T cell alloreactivity among three HLA-B14 and HLA-B27 antigens. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29784-97. [PMID: 19617632 PMCID: PMC2785609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) cross-reacting with the human major histocompatibility antigens HLA-B14 and HLA-B27 suggests that their alloreactivity could be due to presentation of shared peptides in similar binding modes by these molecules. We therefore determined the crystal structures of the subtypes HLA-B*1402, HLA-B*2705, and HLA-B*2709 in complex with a proven self-ligand, pCatA (peptide with the sequence IRAAPPPLF derived from cathepsin A (residues 2-10)), and of HLA-B*1402 in complex with a viral peptide, pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV, derived from latent membrane protein 2 (residues 236-244) of Epstein-Barr virus). Despite the exchange of 18 residues within the binding grooves of HLA-B*1402 and HLA-B*2705 or HLA-B*2709, the pCatA peptide is presented in nearly identical conformations. However, pLMP2 is displayed by HLA-B*1402 in a conformation distinct from those previously found in the two HLA-B27 subtypes. In addition, the complexes of HLA-B*1402 with the two peptides reveal a nonstandard, tetragonal mode of the peptide N terminus anchoring in the binding groove because of the exchange of the common Tyr-171 by His-171 of the HLA-B*1402 heavy chain. This exchange appears also responsible for reduced stability of HLA-B14-peptide complexes in vivo and slow assembly in vitro. The studies with the pCatA peptide uncover that CTL cross-reactive between HLA-B14 and HLA-B27 might primarily recognize the common structural features of the bound peptide, thus neglecting amino acid replacements within the rim of the binding grooves. In contrast, structural alterations between the three complexes with the pLMP2 peptide indicate how heavy chain polymorphisms can influence peptide display and prevent CTL cross-reactivity between HLA-B14 and HLA-B27 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- From the Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ardeschir Vahedi-Faridi
- the Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Wolfram Saenger
- the Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Elena Merino
- the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, N.1, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López de Castro
- the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, N.1, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- From the Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- From the Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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HLA-B27-bound peptide repertoires: their nature, origin and pathogenetic relevance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19731630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Peptide binding is a central biological property of HLA-B27. The availability of HLA-B27 subtypes differentially associated to ankylosing spondylitis provides a unique tool to explore the relationship between peptide specificity and pathogenetic potential. Many studies have focused on defining the nature of subtype-bound repertoires, aiming to identify peptide features that may correlate with association to disease and to find constitutive self-ligands with sequence homology to microbial epitopes. These studies were pursued on the assumption that molecular mimicry between self and foreign ligands of HLA-B27 might trigger autoimmunity. A second level of involvement ofpeptide repertoires in the biology and immunopathology of HLA-B27 is through their critical influence on folding, maturation and cell surface expression and stability. Recent studies have emphasized the mechanisms ofpeptide loading and optimization, the interactions ofHLA-B27 with other components of the peptide-loading complex and the contribution of these interactions to shaping HLA-B27-bound peptide repertoires. A novel, more comprehensive and integrative, view is emerging in which the peptide binding specificity is a critical determinant of the whole HLA-B27 biology. A proper understanding of the relationships between peptide specificity and other molecular and functional features of HLA-B27 should provide the key to unveiling its pathogenetic role in spondyloarthritis.
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27
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Wahl A, McCoy W, Schafer F, Bardet W, Buchli R, Fremont DH, Hildebrand WH. T-cell tolerance for variability in an HLA class I-presented influenza A virus epitope. J Virol 2009; 83:9206-14. [PMID: 19553306 PMCID: PMC2738244 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00932-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To escape immune recognition, viruses acquire amino acid substitutions in class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-presented cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Such viral escape mutations may (i) prevent peptide processing, (ii) diminish class I HLA binding, or (iii) alter T-cell recognition. Because residues 418 to 426 of the hypervariable influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP(418-426)) epitope are consistently bound by class I HLA and presented to CTL, we assessed the impact that intraepitope sequence variability has upon T-cell recognition. CTL elicited by intranasal influenza virus infection were tested for their cross-recognition of 20 natural NP(418-426) epitope variants. Six of the variant epitopes, of both H1N1 and H3N2 origin, were cross-recognized by CTL while the remaining NP(418-426) epitope variants escaped targeting. A pattern emerged whereby variability at position 5 (P5) within the epitope reduced T-cell recognition, changes at P4 or P6 enabled CTL escape, and a mutation at P8 enhanced T-cell recognition. These data demonstrate that substitutions at P4 and/or P6 facilitate influenza virus escape from T-cell recognition and provide a model for the number, nature, and location of viral mutations that influence T-cell cross-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - William McCoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Fredda Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Wilfried Bardet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Rico Buchli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - William H. Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Pure Protein L.L.C., 800 Research Parkway, Suite 340, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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28
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Motozono C, Yanaka S, Tsumoto K, Takiguchi M, Ueno T. Impact of intrinsic cooperative thermodynamics of peptide-MHC complexes on antiviral activity of HIV-specific CTL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:5528-36. [PMID: 19380801 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of HIV-specific CTL is not equally potent but rather is dependent on their specificity. But what characteristic of targeted peptides influences CTL antiviral activity remains elusive. We addressed this issue based on HLA-B35-restricted CTLs specific for two overlapping immunodominant Nef epitopes, VY8 (VPLRPMTY) and RY11 (RPQVPLRPMTY). VY8-specific CTLs were more potently cytotoxic toward HIV-infected primary CD4(+) cells than RY11-specific CTLs. Reconstruction of their TCR revealed no substantial difference in their functional avidity toward cognate Ags. Instead, the decay analysis of the peptide-MHC complex (pMHC) revealed that the VY8/HLA-B35 complex could maintain its capacity to sensitize T cells much longer than its RY11 counterpart. Corroboratively, the introduction of a mutation in the epitopes that substantially delayed pMHC decay rendered Nef-expressing target cells more susceptible to CTL killing. Moreover, by using differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism analyses, we found that the susceptible pMHC ligands for CTL killing showed interdependent and cooperative, rather than separate or sequential, transitions within their heterotrimer components under the thermally induced unfolding process. Collectively, our results highlight the significant effects of intrinsic peptide factors that support cooperative thermodynamics within pMHC on the efficient CTL killing of HIV-infected cells, thus providing us better insight into vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Motozono
- Division of Viral Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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29
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Ziegler A, Müller CA, Böckmann RA, Uchanska-Ziegler B. Low-affinity peptides and T-cell selection. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:53-60. [PMID: 19201651 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The dual requirement for T cells to recognize a particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen presenting a foreign peptide and to lack strong reactivity with a complex of the same molecule when bound to a self-peptide, is attained by thymic positive and negative selection processes, the molecular details of which are currently only partially understood. However, the discovery of the thymoproteasome and our improved understanding of the dynamics of peptide presentation permit us to suggest that the biophysical properties of the MHC:peptide class I complexes engaged in positive T-cell selection will be distinct from those involved in negative selection, hence imposing differential barriers for T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Reveille JD, Maganti RM. Subtypes of HLA-B27: history and implications in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:159-76. [PMID: 19731628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B27 represents a family of 38 closely related cell surface proteins (encoded by the alleles HLA-B*2701-39) called subtypes of HLA-B27, most of which have evolved from the ubiquitous HLA-B*2705 (specifically the B*27052 allele). HLA-B27 subtypes are largely characterized by nucleotide substitutions (mostly nonsynonymous) in exons 2 and 3 which encode alpha1 and alpha2 domains ofthe peptide binding groove respectively. Table 1 shows the description of sequences of HLA-B27 allele sequences. The subtypes could have arisen from B*2705 by point mutation (B*2703, B*2709, B*2704), gene conversion (B*2701, B*2702, B*2708) and reciprocal recombination (B*2707) B*2706 could have arisen by interlocus gene conversion. Studies from different parts of the world reveal differences in the population distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Reveille
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77026, USA.
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31
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Implications of Structural and Thermodynamic Studies of HLA-B27 Subtypes Exhibiting Differential Association with Ankylosing Spondylitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:177-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Gómez P, Mavian C, Galocha B, García-Medel N, López de Castro JA. Presentation of Cytosolically Stable Peptides by HLA-B27 Is Not Dependent on the Canonic Interactions of N-Terminal Basic Residues in the A Pocket. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 182:446-55. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Davis JC, Mease PJ. Insights Into the Pathology and Treatment of Spondyloarthritis: From the Bench to the Clinic. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 38:83-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Marcilla M, López de Castro JA. Peptides: the cornerstone of HLA-B27 biology and pathogenetic role in spondyloarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:495-506. [PMID: 18489433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 to ankylosing spondylitis is one of the strongest between a major histocompatibility complex molecule and a disease. Yet, the basis for this association remains unknown. Several hypotheses, each based on a particular feature of HLA-B27, guide much of the current research on the pathogenesis of this disease, but none has yet satisfactorily explained its mechanism and the differential association of B27 subtypes to it. In this review, the pathogenetic role of HLA-B27 will be analyzed from a global perspective of its biology, emphasizing the interdependency of multiple molecular features and the likely influence of disease-modifying gene products. From this perspective, peptide binding emerges as the cornerstone of all other biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marcilla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Beltrami A, Rossmann M, Fiorillo MT, Paladini F, Sorrentino R, Saenger W, Kumar P, Ziegler A, Uchanska-Ziegler B. Citrullination-dependent differential presentation of a self-peptide by HLA-B27 subtypes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:27189-99. [PMID: 18650441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802818200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are accompanied by the posttranslational modification of certain arginine residues within proteins to yield citrulline, although it is largely unknown how this modification influences antigen presentation. We employed crystallographic and functional studies to investigate whether the exchange of arginine to citrulline affects the display of a peptide by two human major histocompatibility antigen class I subtypes, HLA-B(*)2705 and HLA-B(*)2709. Both differ only in residue 116 within the peptide binding groove despite their differential association with ankylosing spondylitis, an inflammatory rheumatic disorder. The crystal structures described here show that a modified self-peptide, pVIPR-U5 (RRKWURWHL; U = citrulline), is presented by the two HLA-B27 molecules in distinct conformations. These binding modes differ not only drastically from each other but also from the conformations exhibited by the non-citrullinated peptide in a given subtype. The differential reactivity of HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T cells with modified or unmodified pVIPR supports the structural findings and shows that the presentation of citrullinated peptides has the potential to influence immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Beltrami
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Narzi D, Winkler K, Saidowsky J, Misselwitz R, Ziegler A, Böckmann RA, Alexiev U. Molecular determinants of major histocompatibility complex class I complex stability: shaping antigenic features through short and long range electrostatic interactions. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23093-103. [PMID: 18505734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710234200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A single amino acid exchange between the major histocompatibility complex molecules HLA-B(*)2705 and HLA-B(*)2709 (Asp-116/His) is responsible for the emergence of distinct HLA-B27-restricted T cell repertoires in individuals harboring either of these two subtypes and could correlate with their differential association with the autoimmune disease ankylosing spondylitis. By using fluorescence depolarization and pK(a) calculations, we investigated to what extent electrostatic interactions contribute to shape antigenic differences between these HLA molecules complexed with viral, self, and non-natural peptide ligands. In addition to the established main anchor of peptides binding to HLA-B27, arginine at position 2 (pArg-2), and the secondary anchors at the peptide termini, at least two further determinants contribute to stable peptide accommodation. 1) The interaction of Asp-116 with arginine at peptide position 5, as found in pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV; viral) and pVIPR (RRKWRRWHL; self), and with lysine in pOmega, as found in gag (KRWIILGLNK; viral), additionally stabilizes the B(*)2705 complexes by approximately 5 and approximately 27 kJ/mol, respectively, in comparison with B(*)2709. 2) The protonation state of the key residues Glu-45 and Glu-63 in the B-pocket, which accommodates pArg-2, affects peptide binding strength in a peptide- and subtype-dependent manner. In B(*)2705/pLMP2, protonation of Glu-45/Glu-63 reduces the interaction energy of pArg-2 by approximately 24 kJ/mol as compared with B(*)2705/pVIPR. B(*)2705/pVIPR is stabilized by a deprotonated Glu-45/Glu-63 pair, evoked by allosteric interactions with pHis-8. The mutual electrostatic interactions of peptide and HLA molecule, including peptide- and subtype-dependent protonation of key residues, modulate complex stability and antigenic features of the respective HLA-B27 subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Narzi
- Theoretical and Computational Membrane Biology, Center for Bioinformatics, Universität des Saarlandes, P. O. Box 15 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken
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37
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Esposito G, Ricagno S, Corazza A, Rennella E, Gümral D, Mimmi MC, Betto E, Pucillo CE, Fogolari F, Viglino P, Raimondi S, Giorgetti S, Bolognesi B, Merlini G, Stoppini M, Bolognesi M, Bellotti V. The Controlling Roles of Trp60 and Trp95 in β2-Microglobulin Function, Folding and Amyloid Aggregation Properties. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:887-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Fabian H, Huser H, Narzi D, Misselwitz R, Loll B, Ziegler A, Böckmann RA, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Naumann D. HLA-B27 Subtypes Differentially Associated with Disease Exhibit Conformational Differences in Solution. J Mol Biol 2008; 376:798-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Winkler K, Winter A, Rueckert C, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Alexiev U. Natural MHC class I polymorphism controls the pathway of peptide dissociation from HLA-B27 complexes. Biophys J 2007; 93:2743-55. [PMID: 17573425 PMCID: PMC1989716 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.096602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of antigen dissociation provides insight into peptide presentation modes of folded human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, which consist of a heavy chain, beta2-microglobulin (beta2m), and an antigenic peptide. Here we have monitored peptide-HLA interactions and peptide dissociation kinetics of two HLA-B27 subtypes by fluorescence depolarization techniques. A single natural amino-acid substitution distinguishes the HLA-B*2705 subtype that is associated with the autoimmune disease ankylosing spondylitis from the non-disease-associated HLA-B*2709 subtype. Peptides with C-terminal Arg or Lys represent 27% of the natural B*2705 ligands. Our results show that dissociation of a model peptide with a C-terminal Lys (GRFAAAIAK) follows a two-step mechanism. Final peptide release occurs in the second step for both HLA-B27 subtypes. However, thermodynamics and kinetics of peptide-HLA interactions reveal different molecular mechanisms underlying the first step, as indicated by different activation energies of 95+/-8 kJ/mol (HLA-B*2705) and 150+/-10 kJ/mol (HLA-B*2709). In HLA-B*2709, partial peptide dissociation probably precedes fast final peptide release, while in HLA-B*2705 an allosteric mechanism based on long-range interactions between beta2m and the peptide binding groove controls the first step. The resulting peptide presentation mode lasts for days at physiological temperature, and determines the peptide-HLA-B*2705 conformation, which is recognized by cellular ligands such as T-cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Winkler
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Kollnberger S, Chan A, Sun MY, Chen LY, Wright C, di Gleria K, McMichael A, Bowness P. Interaction of HLA-B27 homodimers with KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL2, unlike HLA-B27 heterotrimers, is independent of the sequence of bound peptide. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:1313-22. [PMID: 17407096 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200635997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B27 can form beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m)-associated heterotrimers (HLA-B27) and beta2m-free homodimers (B27(2)). Here, we study the role of complexed peptide in the interaction of these forms of B27 with the killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors KIR3DL1 and KIR3DL2 and with Ig-like transcripts LILRB1 and LILRB2. HLA-B27 tetramers complexed with three of five different naturally processed self peptides and three of seven pathogen-derived epitopes bound to KIR3DL1-expressing transfectants and NK cells. Heterotrimeric complexes containing peptides with charged amino acids at position 8 did not bind to KIR3DL1; however, studies with analogue peptides demonstrated that these are not the only peptide residues involved in binding. KIR3DL1 ligation by HLA-B27 inhibited NK cell IFN-gamma production in a peptide-dependent fashion. B27 but not HLA-A2, B7 or B57 heavy chains formed homodimers in the presence of peptide epitopes. B27(2) bound to KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 and LILRB2 but not LILRB1. KIR3DL2 ligation by B27(2) inhibited NK and T cell IFN-gamma production. By contrast with HLA heterotrimers, B27(2) binding to KIR did not depend on the sequence of the bound peptide. Differences in KIR binding to classical HLA and B27(2) could be involved in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kollnberger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.
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41
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Gómez P, Montserrat V, Marcilla M, Paradela A, de Castro JAL. B*2707 differs in peptide specificity from B*2705 and B*2704 as much as from HLA-B27 subtypes not associated to spondyloarthritis. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:1867-81. [PMID: 16783853 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200635896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B*2707 is associated with ankylosing spondylitis in most populations. Like the non-associated allotypes B*2706 and B*2709, it lacks Asp116 and shows preference for peptides with nonpolar C-terminal residues. The relationships between the peptide specificity of B*2707 and those of the disease-associated B*2705 and the non-associated subtypes were analyzed by determining the overlap between the corresponding peptide repertoires, the sequence of shared and differential ligands, and by comparing allospecific T cell epitopes with peptide sharing. The B*2707-bound repertoire was as different from that of B*2705 as from those of B*2706, B*2709, or the two latter subtypes from each other. Differences between B*2707 and B*2705 were based on their C-terminal residue specificity and a subtle modulation at other positions. Differential usage of secondary anchor residues explained the disparity between the B*2707-, B*2706-, and B*2709-bound repertoires. Similar differences in residue usage were found between B*2707 and both B*2704 and B*2706, as expected from the high peptide overlap between the two latter subtypes. T cell cross-reaction paralleled peptide sharing, suggesting that many shared ligands conserve their alloantigenic features on distinct subtypes. Our results indicate that association of HLA-B27 subtypes with ankylosing spondylitis does not correlate with higher peptide sharing among disease-associated subtypes or with obvious peptide motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Herberts CA, Neijssen JJ, de Haan J, Janssen L, Drijfhout JW, Reits EA, Neefjes JJ. Cutting Edge: HLA-B27 Acquires Many N-Terminal Dibasic Peptides: Coupling Cytosolic Peptide Stability to Antigen Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:2697-701. [PMID: 16493024 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag presentation by MHC class I is a highly inefficient process because cytosolic peptidases destroy most peptides after proteasomal generation. Various mechanisms shape the MHC class I peptidome. We define a new one: intracellular peptide stability. Peptides with two N-terminal basic amino acids are more stable than other peptides. Such peptides should be overrepresented in the peptidome of MHC class I-associated peptides. HLA-B27 binding peptides use anchor residue R at P2 and, although most amino acids are allowed, particular amino acids are overrepresented at P1, including R and K. We show that such N-terminal dibasic peptides are indeed more efficiently presented by HLA-B27. This suggests that HLA-B27 can present peptides from Ags present in fewer copies than required for successful peptide generation for other MHC class I molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Herberts
- Division of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Rückert C, Fiorillo MT, Loll B, Moretti R, Biesiadka J, Saenger W, Ziegler A, Sorrentino R, Uchanska-Ziegler B. Conformational dimorphism of self-peptides and molecular mimicry in a disease-associated HLA-B27 subtype. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:2306-16. [PMID: 16221670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508528200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An interesting property of certain peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is their acquisition of a dual binding mode within the peptide binding groove. Using x-ray crystallography at 1.4 A resolution, we show here that the glucagon receptor-derived self-peptide pGR ((412)RRRWHRWRL(420)) is presented by the disease-associated human MHC class I subtype HLA-B*2705 in a dual conformation as well, with the middle of the peptide bent toward the floor of the peptide binding groove of the molecule in both binding modes. The conformations of pGR are compared here with those of another self-peptide (pVIPR, RRKWRRWHL) that is also displayed in two binding modes by HLA-B*2705 antigens and with that of the viral peptide pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV). Conserved structural features suggest that the N-terminal halves of the peptides are crucial in allowing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cross-reactivity. In addition, an analysis of T cell receptors (TCRs) from pGR- or pVIPR-directed, HLA-B27-restricted CTL clones demonstrates that TCR from distinct clones but with comparable reactivity may share CDR3alpha but not CDR3beta regions. Therefore, the cross-reactivity of these CTLs depends on TCR-CDR3alpha, is modulated by TCR-CDR3beta sequences, and is ultimately a consequence of the conformational dimorphism that characterizes binding of the self-peptides to HLA-B*2705. These results lend support to the concept that conformational dimorphisms of MHC class I-bound peptides might be connected with the occurrence of self-reactive CTL.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromium/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Electrons
- Female
- HLA-B Antigens/chemistry
- HLA-B27 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-B27 Antigen/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Humans
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Mimicry
- Peptides/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucagon/chemistry
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/immunology
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rückert
- Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Abstract
A great deal of progress has occurred in the past few years in elucidating the causes and designing new treatments for ankylosing spondylitis and other types of spondyloarthritis. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, chromosomal regions and genes elsewhere in the genome are being implicated both in disease susceptibility and severity. The various ways HLA-B27 may function in causing spondyloarthritis now are better understood to encompass not only antigen presentation but also other mechanisms, possibly all being operative in pathogenesis (misfolding of the HLA-B27 molecule, impaired intracellular killing of bacteria, and HLA-B27 itself serving as an autoantigen). Specific enteric and sexually acquired infections can trigger reactive arthritis, though no specific microbe has been identified in other forms of spondyloarthritis. Intestinal inflammation with impairment of the gut:blood barrier may be operative in driving ankylosing spondylitis and enteropathic arthritis. A number of treatments have been tried in spondyloarthritis, including older agents such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine but also newer drugs such as pamindronate. The recent introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers in the treatment of spondyloarthritis has offered the most hope in not only relieving symptoms and signs of both peripheral arthritis and enthesitis but also spinal disease, which often has been refractory to other agents. Their high cost and considerable side effect profile, however, have necessitated the establishment of guidelines for their use in these diseases in order to target the patient in whom they are likely to have the most benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Reveille
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, USA.
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45
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Hülsmeyer M, Welfle K, Pöhlmann T, Misselwitz R, Alexiev U, Welfle H, Saenger W, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Thermodynamic and Structural Equivalence of Two HLA-B27 Subtypes Complexed with a Self-peptide. J Mol Biol 2005; 346:1367-79. [PMID: 15713487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The F pocket of major histocompatibility complex (in humans HLA) class I molecules accommodates the C terminus of the bound peptide. Residues forming this pocket exhibit considerable polymorphism, and a single difference (Asp116 in HLA-B*2705 and His116 in HLA-B*2709 heavy chains) confers differential association of these two HLA-B27 subtypes to the autoimmune disease ankylosing spondylitis. As peptide presentation by HLA molecules is of central importance for immune responses, we performed thermodynamic (circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization) and X-ray crystallographic analyses of both HLA-B27 subtypes complexed with the epidermal growth factor response factor 1-derived self-peptide TIS (RRLPIFSRL) to understand the impact of the Asp116His exchange on peptide display. This peptide is known to be presented in vivo by both subtypes, and as expected for a self-peptide, TIS-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are absent in the respective individuals. The thermodynamic analyses reveal that both HLA-B27:TIS complexes exhibit comparable, relatively high thermostability (Tm approximately 60 degrees C) and undergo multi-step unfolding reactions, with dissociation of the peptide in the first step. As shown by X-ray crystallography, only subtle structural differences between the subtypes were observed regarding the architecture of their F pockets, including the presence of distinct networks of water molecules. However, no consistent structural differences were found between the peptide presentation modes. In contrast to other peptides displayed by the two HLA-subtypes which show either structural or dynamical differences in their peptide presentation modes, the TIS-complexed HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 subtypes are an example for thermodynamic and structural equivalence, in agreement with functional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hülsmeyer
- Institut für Chemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Abstract
Although the crystal structure of HLA-B27 has been known for a long time, only recently have X-ray diffraction studies of this molecule in complex with individual peptides become available. The report of three such structures involving viral epitopes that are immunodominant in HLA-B27-restricted T cell responses against influenza, Epstein-Barr and HIV viruses significantly improves our perception of critical aspects of the immunological and pathogenetic roles of HLA-B27, including (1) the molecular basis of its peptide-binding specificity and how this is modulated by subtype polymorphism, (2) the relationship between the structural and the antigenic features of immunodominant viral epitopes, (3) the basis for long term non-progression to AIDS of HIV-infected HLA-B27+ individuals, and (4) the structural features of microbial peptides influencing NK receptor engagement. Here, I discuss the implications of this and related studies for the relevance of HLA-B27 in host defense and as a pathogenetic molecule in spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Vázquez MN, López de Castro JA. Similar cell surface expression of β2-microglobulin-free heavy chains by HLA-B27 subtypes differentially associated with ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3290-9. [PMID: 16200602 DOI: 10.1002/art.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the cell surface features of HLA-B27 subtypes reported to be differentially associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) differ in a way that correlates with disease susceptibility. METHODS Human cell transfectants expressing or lacking the transporter associated with antigen processing were used to determine the cell surface expression of B27 subtypes by flow cytometry with antibodies recognizing the B27 heterodimer or beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-free heavy chains. RESULTS In lymphoid cells with an intact peptide-loading complex, all B27 subtypes, irrespective of their association with disease, showed similar ratios of free heavy chain to heterodimer, suggesting similar surface stability. A substantial decrease in dissociated heavy chains, which never reached 100%, was observed upon addition of a B27 ligand, with no significant differences among subtypes. This is compatible with similar surface expression of irreversible beta2m-free heavy chain forms among subtypes differentially associated with disease. In cells lacking the transporter associated with antigen processing, both disease-associated and non-disease-associated subtypes expressed a population of heterodimers at 26 degrees C that was less stable than the population expressed at 37 degrees C. In the presence of exogenous peptide, the expression of heterodimers increased, without a concomitant decrease in beta2m-free heavy chains. This suggests that in these cells, and for all subtypes tested, most of the dissociated heavy chains at the cell surface are in irreversible forms. At 37 degrees C, the expression of beta2m-free B27 heavy chains was very low on T2 transfectant cells. CONCLUSION HLA-B27 subtypes showing differential associations with AS are similar in their extent of beta2m dissociation and surface expression of free heavy chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Vázquez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Chlewicki LK, Holler PD, Monti BC, Clutter MR, Kranz DM. High-affinity, peptide-specific T cell receptors can be generated by mutations in CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3. J Mol Biol 2004; 346:223-39. [PMID: 15663940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 11/14/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The third complementarity-determining regions (CDR3s) of antibodies and T cell receptors (TCRs) have been shown to play a major role in antigen binding and specificity. Consistent with this notion, we demonstrated previously that high-affinity, peptide-specific TCRs could be generated in vitro by mutations in the CDR3alpha region of the 2C TCR. In contrast, it has been argued that CDR1 and CDR2 are involved to a greater extent than CDR3s in the process of MHC restriction, due to their engagement of MHC helices. Based on this premise, we initiated the present study to explore whether higher affinity TCRs generated through mutations in these CDRs or other regions would lead to significant reductions in peptide specificity (i.e. the result of greater binding energy gained through interactions with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) helices). Yeast-display technology and flow sorting were used to select high-affinity TCRs from libraries of CDR mutants or random mutants. High-affinity TCRs with mutations in the first residue of the Valpha, CDR1, CDR2, or CDR3 were isolated. Unexpectedly, every TCR mutant, including those in CDR1 and CDR2, retained remarkable peptide specificity. Molecular modeling of various mutants suggested that such exquisite specificity may be due to: (1) enhanced electrostatic interactions with key peptide or MHC residues; or (2) stabilization of CDRs in specific conformations. The results indicate that the TCR is positioned so that virtually every CDR can contribute to the antigen-specificity of a T cell. The conserved diagonal docking of TCRs could thus orient each CDR loop to sense the peptide directly or indirectly through peptide-induced effects on the MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz K Chlewicki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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49
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Appel H, Kuon W, Kuhne M, Hülsmeyer M, Kollnberger S, Kuhlmann S, Weiss E, Zeitz M, Wucherpfennig K, Bowness P, Sieper J. The Solvent-Inaccessible Cys67Residue of HLA-B27 Contributes to T Cell Recognition of HLA-B27/Peptide Complexes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6564-73. [PMID: 15557146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic studies have suggested that the cysteine at position 67 (Cys(67)) in the B pocket of the MHC molecule HLA-B*2705 is of importance for peptide binding, and biophysical studies have documented altered thermodynamic stability of the molecule when Cys(67) was mutated to serine (Ser(67)). In this study, we used HLA-B27.Cys(67) and HLA-B27.Ser(67) tetramers with defined T cell epitopes to determine the contribution of this polymorphic, solvent-inaccessible MHC residue to T cell recognition. We generated these HLA-B27 tetramers using immunodominant viral peptides with high binding affinity to HLA-B27 and cartilage-derived peptides with lower affinity. We demonstrate that the yield of refolding of HLA-B27.Ser(67) molecules was higher than for HLA-B27.Cys(67) molecules and strongly dependent on the affinity of the peptide. T cell recognition did not differ between HLA-B27.Cys(67) and HLA.B27.Ser(67) tetramers for the viral peptides that were investigated. However, an aggrecan peptide-specific T cell line derived from an HLA-B27 transgenic BALB/c mouse bound significantly stronger to the HLA-B27.Cys(67) tetramer than to the HLA-B27.Ser(67) tetramer. Modeling studies of the molecular structure suggest the loss of a SH ... pi hydrogen bond with the Cys-->Ser substitution in the HLA-B27 H chain which reduces the stability of the HLA-B27/peptide complex. These results demonstrate that a solvent-inaccessible residue in the B pocket of HLA-B27 can affect TCR binding in a peptide-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Appel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Hülsmeyer M, Fiorillo MT, Bettosini F, Sorrentino R, Saenger W, Ziegler A, Uchanska-Ziegler B. Dual, HLA-B27 subtype-dependent conformation of a self-peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:271-81. [PMID: 14734527 PMCID: PMC2211767 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The products of the human leukocyte antigen subtypes HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2709 differ only in residue 116 (Asp vs. His) within the peptide binding groove but are differentially associated with the autoimmune disease ankylosing spondylitis (AS); HLA-B*2705 occurs in AS-patients, whereas HLA-B*2709 does not. The subtypes also generate differential T cell repertoires as exemplified by distinct T cell responses against the self-peptide pVIPR (RRKWRRWHL). The crystal structures described here show that pVIPR binds in an unprecedented dual conformation only to HLA-B*2705 molecules. In one binding mode, peptide pArg5 forms a salt bridge to Asp116, connected with drastically different interactions between peptide and heavy chain, contrasting with the second, conventional conformation, which is exclusively found in the case of B*2709. These subtype-dependent differences in pVIPR binding link the emergence of dissimilar T cell repertoires in individuals with HLA-B*2705 or HLA-B*2709 to the buried Asp116/His116 polymorphism and provide novel insights into peptide presentation by major histocompatibility antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hülsmeyer
- Institut für Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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