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Wang S, Sun Y, Li C, Chong Y, Ai M, Wang Y, Shi H, Shang Y. TH1L involvement in colorectal cancer pathogenesis by regulation of CCL20 through the NF-κB signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18391. [PMID: 38809918 PMCID: PMC11135906 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
TH1L (also known as NELF-C/D) is a member of the Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) complex, which is a metazoan-specific factor that regulates RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and transcription elongation. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of TH1L in cancer progression are still largely unknown. In this study, we found that TH1L was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and the faeces of CRC patients. Overexpression of TH1L significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, while its knockdown markedly suppressed these processes. In mechanism, RNA sequencing revealed that CCL20 was upregulated in TH1L-overexpressed CRC cells, leading to activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Rescue assays showed that knockdown of CCL20 could impair the tumour-promoting effects of THIL in CRC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that TH1L may play a vital role via the CCL20/NF-κB signalling pathway in CRC proliferation and migration and may serve as a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University International HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chunya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yueyang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, The MED‐X InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Jiaotong UniversityXi‘anChina
| | - Meihong Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiyun Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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2
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NELFCD and CTSZ loci are associated with jaundice-stage progression in primary biliary cholangitis in the Japanese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8071. [PMID: 29795304 PMCID: PMC5966418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10–20% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) progress to jaundice stage regardless of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate. In this study, we performed a GWAS and a replication study to identify genetic variants associated with jaundice-stage progression in PBC using a total of 1,375 patients (1,202 early-stage and 173 jaundice-stage) in a Japanese population. SNP rs13720, which is located in the 3′UTR of cathepsin Z (CTSZ), showed the strongest association (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15, P = 7.62 × 10−7) with progression to jaundice stage in GWAS. High-density association mapping at the CTSZ and negative elongation factor complex member C/D (NELFCD) loci, which are located within a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) block, revealed that an intronic SNP of CTSZ, rs163800, was significantly associated with jaundice-stage progression (OR = 2.16, P = 8.57 × 10−8). In addition, eQTL analysis and in silico functional analysis indicated that genotypes of rs163800 or variants in strong LD with rs163800 influence expression levels of both NELFCD and CTSZ mRNA. The present novel findings will contribute to dissect the mechanism of PBC progression and also to facilitate the development of therapies for PBC patients who are resistant to current therapies.
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An S, Yang Y, Ward R, Liu Y, Guo XX, Xu TR. A-Raf: A new star of the family of raf kinases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:520-31. [PMID: 26508523 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of many cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation, by transmitting signals from membrane receptors to various cytoplasmic and nuclear targets. One of the key components of this pathway is the serine/threonine protein kinase, Raf. The Raf family kinases (A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf) have been intensively studied since being identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, especially with respect to the discovery of activating mutations of B-Raf in a large number of tumors which led to intensified efforts to develop drugs targeting Raf kinases. This also resulted in a rapid increase in our knowledge of the biological functions of the B-Raf and C-Raf isoforms, which may in turn be contrasted with the little that is known about A-Raf. The biological functions of A-Raf remain mysterious, although it appears to share some of the basic properties of the other two isoforms. Recently, emerging evidence has begun to reveal the functions of A-Raf, of which some are kinase-independent. These include the inhibition of apoptosis by binding to MST2, acting as safeguard against oncogenic transformation by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activation and playing a role in resistance to Raf inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the regulation of A-Raf protein expression, and the roles of A-Raf in apoptosis and cancer, with a special focus on its role in resistance to Raf inhibitors. We also describe the scaffold functions of A-Raf and summarize the unexpected complexity of Raf signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Yang Yang
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Richard Ward
- b Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Scotland , UK
| | - Ying Liu
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China and
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4
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Wu W, Sun Z, Wu J, Peng X, Gan H, Zhang C, Ji L, Xie J, Zhu H, Ren S, Gu J, Zhang S. Trihydrophobin 1 phosphorylation by c-Src regulates MAPK/ERK signaling and cell migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29920. [PMID: 22238675 PMCID: PMC3253115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Src activates Ras-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and regulates cell migration, while trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) inhibits MAPK/ERK activation and cell migration through interaction with A-Raf and PAK1 and inhibiting their kinase activities. Here we show that c-Src interacts with TH1 by GST-pull down assay, coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assay. The interaction leads to phosphorylation of TH1 at Tyr-6 in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of TH1 decreases its association with A-Raf and PAK1. Further study reveals that Tyr-6 phosphorylation of TH1 reduces its inhibition on MAPK/ERK signaling, enhances c-Src mediated cell migration. Moreover, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 has been found by EGF and estrogen treatments. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the comprehensive regulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and cell migration involving tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 by c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huacheng Gan
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Ji
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (SZ)
| | - Songwen Zhang
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (SZ)
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5
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Antunes AA, Leite KR, Reis ST, Sousa-Canavez JM, Camara-Lopes LH, Dall'Oglio MF, Srougi M. GREB1 tissue expression is associated with organ-confined prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Liu H, Xu J, Zhou L, Yun X, Chen L, Wang S, Sun L, Wen Y, Gu J. Hepatitis B virus large surface antigen promotes liver carcinogenesis by activating the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7547-57. [PMID: 21994334 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Of the three envelope glycoproteins encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) that are collectively referred to as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), the large HBsAg (LHBs) glycoprotein is expressed preferentially in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. LHBs can act as an oncogene in transgenic mice, but how it contributes functionally to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined the molecular and functional roles of LHBs during HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. LHBs increased tumor formation of hepatoma cells. Moreover, expression of LHBs but not other HBV envelope glycoproteins specifically promoted proliferation of hepatoma and hepatic cells in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these effects were caused by activation of the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway through proximal stimulation of PKCα/Raf1 signaling by LHBs. Proliferation induced by stable LHBs expression was associated with increased G(1)-S cell-cycle progression and apoptosis resistance mediated by Src kinase activation, as established in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens. Importantly, LHBs-induced cellular proliferation and tumor formation were reversed by administration of the Src inhibitor saracatinib. Together, our findings suggest that LHBs promotes tumorigenesis of hepatoma cells by triggering a PKCα/Raf1 to Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, revealing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zou W, Yang Y, Wu Y, Sun L, Chi Y, Wu W, Yun X, Xie J, Gu J. Negative role of trihydrophobin 1 in breast cancer growth and migration. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2156-62. [PMID: 20735431 PMCID: PMC11158160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) is a member of the negative elongation factor complex, which is involved in transcriptional pausing. Although the negative elongation factor complex attenuates the estrogen receptor α-mediated transcription, little is known about the relationship between TH1 and tumor progression. Here, we report that the protein level of TH1 was negatively correlated with the aggressiveness of human breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TH1 expression in clinical stage III-IV primary breast cancer tissues was statistically significantly lower than that in stage I-II breast tissues (P < 0.01), and especially inversely associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells inhibited, and knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells enhanced, cell proliferation and migratory ability. Moreover, upregulation of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the decrease of cyclin D1, β-catenin, and ERK activity, and the increase of p21. In contrast, knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells enhanced the expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin, increased the activity of ERK, and downregulated the expression of p21. Additionally, overexpression of TH1 in MDA-MB-231 cells prevented. However, knockdown of TH1 in MCF-7 cells induced a number of molecular and cellular alterations associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our results suggest that TH1 might play an important role in regulation of proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer, and could be a potential target for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zou
- Gene Research Center, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Yang Y, Zou W, Kong X, Wang H, Zong H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Hong Y, Chi Y, Xie J, Gu J. Trihydrophobin 1 attenuates androgen signal transduction through promoting androgen receptor degradation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:1013-24. [PMID: 20069563 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The androgen-signaling pathway plays critical roles in normal prostate development, benign prostatic hyperplasia, established prostate cancer, and in prostate carcinogenesis. In this study, we report that trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) is a potent negative regulator to attenuate the androgen signal-transduction cascade through promoting androgen receptor (AR) degradation. TH1 interacts with AR both in vitro and in vivo, decreases the stability of AR, and promotes AR ubiquitination in a ligand-independent manner. TH1 also associates with AR at the active androgen-responsive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter in the nucleus of LNCaP cells. Decrease of endogenous AR protein by TH1 interferes with androgen-induced luciferase reporter expression and reduces endogenous PSA expression. Taken together, these results indicate that TH1 is a novel regulator to control the duration and magnitude of androgen signal transduction and might be directly involved in androgen-related developmental, physiological, and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Yang
- Gene Research Center, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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9
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Cheng C, Kong X, Wang H, Gan H, Hao Y, Zou W, Wu J, Chi Y, Yang J, Hong Y, Chen K, Gu J. Trihydrophobin 1 Interacts with PAK1 and Regulates ERK/MAPK Activation and Cell Migration. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:8786-96. [PMID: 19136554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rac1/Cdc42 effector, p21-activated kinase (PAK), is activated by various signaling cascades, including receptor-tyrosine kinases and integrins, and regulates a number of processes such as cell proliferation and motility. PAK activity has been shown to be required for maximal activation of the canonical RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling cascade, possibly because of PAK co-activation of RAF and MEK. Here we have shown that trihydrophobin 1 (TH1), originally identified as a negative regulator of A-RAF kinase, also interacted with PAK1 in cultured cells. Confocal microscopy assay indicated that TH1 colocalized with PAK1 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, which is consistent with our previous results. GST pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that TH1 interacted directly with PAK1 and bound selectively to the carboxyl-terminal kinase domain of PAK1, and the ability of the binding was enhanced along with activation of PAK1. The binding pattern of PAK1 implies that this interaction was mediated in part by PAK1 kinase activity. As indicated by in vitro kinase activity assays and Western blot detections, TH1 inhibited PAK1 kinase activity and negatively regulated MAPK signal transduction. Interestingly, TH1 bound with MEK1/ERK in cells and in vitro without directly suppressing their kinase activity. Furthermore, we observed that TH1 localized to focal adhesions and filopodia in the leading edge of cells, where TH1 reduced cell migration through affecting actin and adhesion dynamics. Based on these observations, we propose a model in which TH1 interacts with PAK1 and specifically restricts the activation of MAPK modules through the upstream region of the MAPK pathway, thereby influencing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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The role of prostate specific membrane antigen and pepsinogen C tissue expression as an adjunctive method to prostate cancer diagnosis. J Urol 2008; 181:594-600. [PMID: 19084862 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of prostate cancer in men with persistently increased prostate specific antigen after a negative prostate biopsy has become a great challenge for urologists and pathologists. We analyzed the diagnostic value of 6 genes in the tissue of patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was comprised of 50 patients with localized disease who underwent radical prostatectomy. Gene selection was based on a previous microarray analysis. Among 4,147 genes with different expressions between 2 pools of patients 6 genes (PSMA, TMEFF2, GREB1, TH1L, IgH3 and PGC) were selected. These genes were tested for diagnostic value using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Initially malignant tissue samples from 33 patients were analyzed and in the second part of the study we analyzed benign tissue samples from the other 17 patients with prostate cancer. The control group was comprised of tissue samples of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. RESULTS Analysis of malignant prostatic tissue demonstrated that prostate specific membrane antigen was over expressed (mean 9 times) and pepsinogen C was under expressed (mean 1.3 x 10(-4) times) in all cases compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The other 4 tested genes showed a variable expression pattern not allowing for differentiation between benign and malignant cases. When we tested these results in the benign prostate tissues from patients with cancer, pepsinogen C maintained the expression pattern. In terms of prostate specific membrane antigen, despite over expression in most cases (mean 12 times), 2 cases (12%) presented with under expression. CONCLUSIONS Pepsinogen C tissue expression may constitute a powerful adjunctive method to prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer cases.
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Dmitriev RI, Shakhparonov MI, Pestov NB. Structure and function of MYST1 histone acetyltransferase in the interactome of animal cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:839-52. [PMID: 18774930 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908080014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The major function of protein MYST1 is acetylation of histone H4 at the K16 residue. This modification is essential for chromatin remodeling and is used for regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. MYST1 is a part of multiprotein complexes that accomplish functions of male X-chromosome activation and thereby functions of dosage compensation in drosophila and, in mammals, global acetylation of histone H4 K16. Recently, novel functional links between MYST1 and proteins ATM and p53 have been observed, and it is recognized that MYST1 plays a role in tumor suppression mechanisms. In the present review, we examine novel data about functional composition and mechanisms of MYST1-containing complexes. Interplay between MYST1 and other components of the animal cell interactome is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Dmitriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Wang X, Carré W, Saxton AM, Cogburn LA. Manipulation of thyroid status and/or GH injection alters hepatic gene expression in the juvenile chicken. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 117:174-88. [PMID: 17675858 DOI: 10.1159/000103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both thyroid hormone (T3) and growth hormone (GH) are important regulators of somatic growth in birds and mammals. Although T3-mediated gene transcription is well known, the molecular basis of T3 interaction with GH on growth and development of birds remains unknown. In earlier studies, we discovered that exogenous GH alone increased accumulation of visceral fat in young chickens, while the combination of GH injections and dietary T3 worked synergistically to deplete body fat. In the present study, cDNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses enabled us to examine hepatic gene expression in young chickens after chronic manipulation of thyroid status and GH injection alone or in combination with T3. Thyroid status modulates expression of common and unique sets of genes involved in a wide range of molecular functions (i.e., energy metabolism, storage and transport, signal transduction, protein turnover and drug detoxification). Hepatic expression of 35 genes was altered by hypothyroidism (e.g., ADFP, ANGPTL3, GSTalpha, CAT, PPARG, HMGCL, GHR, IGF1, STAT3, THRSPalpha), whereas hyperthyroidism affected expression of another cluster of 13 genes (e.g., IGFBP1, KHK, LDHB, BAIA2L1, SULT1B, TRIAD3). Several genes were identified which have not been previously ascribed as T3 responsive (e.g., DEFB9, EPS8L2, ARHGAP1, LASS2, INHBC). Exogenous GH altered expression of 17 genes (e.g., CCAR1, CYP2C45, GYS2, ENOB, HK1, FABP1, SQLE, SOCS2, UPG2). The T3+GH treatment depleted the greatest amount of body fat, where 34 differentially expressed genes were unique to this group (e.g., C/EBP, CDC42EP1, SYDE2, PCK2, PIK4CA, TH1L, GPT2, BHMT). The marked reduction in body fat brought about by the T3+GH synergism could involve modulation of hormone signaling via altered activity of the Ras superfamily of molecular switches, which control diverse biological processes. In conclusion, this study provides the first global analysis of endocrine (T3 and GH) regulation of hepatic gene transcription in the chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717, USA
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13
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Dmitriev RI, Korneenko TV, Bessonov AA, Shakhparonov MI, Modyanov NN, Pestov NB. Characterization of hampin/MSL1 as a node in the nuclear interactome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:1051-7. [PMID: 17335777 PMCID: PMC1855298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hampin, homolog of Drosophila MSL1, is a partner of histone acetyltransferase MYST1/MOF. Functions of these proteins remain poorly understood beyond their participation in chromatin remodeling complex MSL. In order to identify new proteins interacting with hampin, we screened a mouse cDNA library in yeast two-hybrid system with mouse hampin as bait and found five high-confidence interactors: MYST1, TPR proteins TTC4 and KIAA0103, NOP17 (homolog of a yeast nucleolar protein), and transcription factor GC BP. Subsequently, all these proteins were used as baits in library screenings and more new interactions were found: tumor suppressor RASSF1C and spliceosome component PRP3 for KIAA0103, ring finger RNF10 for RASSF1C, and RNA polymerase II regulator NELF-C for MYST1. The majority of the observed interactions was confirmed in vitro by pull-down of bacterially expressed proteins. Reconstruction of a fragment of mammalian interactome suggests that hampin may be linked to diverse regulatory processes in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH43614, USA
| | - Alexander A. Bessonov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Shakhparonov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolai N. Modyanov
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH43614, USA
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH43614, USA
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Guan X, Liu J, Ding F, Gu J, Gu X. Expression and distribution of trihydrophobin 1 in postnatal developing mouse testis. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292:179-87. [PMID: 16786193 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) is a highly conserved and widely expressed protein. It is clear that TH1 serves as a new specific negative regulator of A-Raf kinase. In this study, we found that TH1 associated with A-Raf in mouse testis by using coimmunoprecipitation analysis. Then we characterized the gene expression of TH1 in mouse testis and analyzed the changes of TH1 protein during postnatal development. The protein expression of TH1 in mouse testis was further analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Strong signals were detected in the seminiferous tubules and the distribution patterns varied with the different ages of postnatal mouse testis. TH1 was distributed in spermatocytes and Sertoli cells at 2 weeks postnatal, and was abundant in spermatogonia at 8 weeks postnatal. Leydig cells were positive to TH1 throughout testicular development. A high expression of TH1 in both Leydig cells and mouse Leydig tumor cells (mLTC-1cells) was found to be concentrated in the cytoplasm. The colocalization of TH1 and A-Raf in mLTC-1 cells or in adult testis was also observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Torija P, Vicente JJ, Rodrigues TB, Robles A, Cerdán S, Sastre L, Calvo RM, Escalante R. Functional genomics in Dictyostelium: MidA, a new conserved protein, is required for mitochondrial function and development. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1154-64. [PMID: 16507593 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing has revealed a large number of evolutionary conserved genes of unknown function. In the absence of characterized functional domains, the discovery of the role of these genes must rely on experimental approaches. We have selected 30 Dictyostelium discoideum genes of unknown function that showed high similarity to uncharacterized human genes and were absent in the complete proteomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pombe. No putative functional motifs were found in their predicted encoded proteins. Eighteen genes were successfully knocked-out and three of them showed obvious phenotypes. A detailed analysis of one of them, midA, is presented in this report. Disruption of midA in Dictyostelium leads to pleiotropic defects. Cell size, growth rate, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis were affected in the mutant. During development, midA- cells showed an enhanced tendency to remain at the slug stage, and spore viability was compromised. The expression of MidA fused to GFP in midA- strain rescued the phenotype and the fused protein was located in the mitochondria. Although cellular oxygen consumption, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial membrane potential were similar to wild type, the amount of ATP was significantly reduced in the mutant suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolomic analysis by natural-abundance 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance has shown the lack of glycogen accumulation during growth. During starvation, mutant cells accumulated higher levels of ammonia, which inhibited normal development. We hypothesize that the lack of MidA reduces mitochondrial ATP synthetic capacity and this has an impact in some but not all energy-dependent cellular processes. This work exemplifies the potential of Dictyostelium as a model system for functional genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Torija
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols. C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Calle Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wang H, Shen H, Wang Y, Li Z, Yin H, Zong H, Jiang J, Gu J. Overexpression of small glutamine-rich TPR-containing protein promotes apoptosis in 7721 cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1279-84. [PMID: 15710426 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that small glutamine-rich TPR-containing protein (SGT) is the member of TPR motif family. However, the biological functions of SGT remain unclear. In this paper, we report that SGT plays a role in apoptotic signaling. Ectopic expression of SGT enhances DNA fragment and nucleus breakage after the induction of apoptosis. Increasing mRNA level of SGT is also observed in 7721 cells undergoing apoptosis, knockdown the expression of endogenous SGT contributes to the decrease of apoptosis of 7721 cells. Deletion analysis reveals that TPR domain is critical to pro-apoptotic function of SGT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PARP cleavage and cytochrome c release are enhanced when SGT is overexpressed in 7721 cells during apoptosis. Collectively, our results indicate that SGT is a new pro-apoptotic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering & Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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