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Oshin EA, Minhas Z, Biancatelli RMLC, Catravas JD, Heller R, Guo S, Jiang C. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed plasma and electric field on inactivation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:885. [PMID: 38195698 PMCID: PMC10776738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments. Employing ns-APPJ powered by 9 kV, 200 ns pulses at 2 kHz and 60-nsPEF of 50 kV/cm at 1 Hz, the synergistic effects on pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02) in vitro were evaluated on the metabolic activities of cells and transcellular electrical resistance (TER). It was observed that treatment with ns-APPJ for > 2 min disrupts Pan02 cell stability and resulted in over 30% cell death. Similarly, applying nsPEF alone, > 20 pulses resulted in over 15% cell death. While the inactivation activity from the individual treatment is moderate, combined treatments resulted in 80% cell death, approximately 3-to-fivefold increase compared to the individual treatment. In addition, reactive oxygen species such as OH and O were identified at the plasma-liquid interface. The gas temperature of the plasma and the temperature of the cell solution during treatments were determined to be near room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Zobia Minhas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
| | | | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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2
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Oshin EA, Minhas Z, Biancatelli RMLC, Catravas JD, Heller R, Guo S, Jiang C. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed plasma and electric field on inactivation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3143506. [PMID: 37546947 PMCID: PMC10402252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3143506/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments. Employing ns-APPJ powered by 9 kV, 200 ns pulses at 2 kHz and 60-nsPEF of 50 kV/cm at 1 Hz, the synergistic effects on pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02) in vitro were evaluated on cell viability and transcellular electrical resistance (TER). It was observed that treatment with ns-APPJ for >2 min disrupts Pan02 cell stability and resulted in over 30% cell death. Similarly, applying nsPEF alone, >20 pulses resulted in over 15% cell death. While the inactivation activity from the individual treatment is moderate, combined treatments resulted in 80% cell death, approximately 3-to-5-fold increase compared to the individual treatment. In addition, reactive oxygen species such as OH and O were identified at the plasma-liquid interface. The gas temperature of the plasma and the temperature of the cell solution during treatments were determined to be near room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Zobia Minhas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
| | | | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, FL-33612 Tampa, USA
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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3
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Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Cieloch A, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Jankowska-Steifer E, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Skrobot A, Muchowicz A, Ciepiela O, Wachowska M, Demkow U. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite trigger and enhance release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3059-3075. [PMID: 31650185 PMCID: PMC7366602 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite great interest, the mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release is not fully understood and some aspects of this process, e.g. the role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), still remain unclear. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying RNS-induced formation of NETs and contribution of RNS to NETs release triggered by various physiological and synthetic stimuli. The involvement of RNS in NETs formation was studied in primary human neutrophils and differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells). RNS (peroxynitrite and nitric oxide) efficiently induced NETs release and potentiated NETs-inducing properties of platelet activating factor and lipopolysaccharide. RNS-induced NETs formation was independent of autophagy and histone citrullination, but dependent on the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and myeloperoxidase, as well as selective degradation of histones H2A and H2B by neutrophil elastase. Additionally, NADPH oxidase activity was required to release NETs upon stimulation with NO, as shown in NADPH-deficient neutrophils isolated from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The role of RNS was further supported by increased RNS synthesis upon stimulation of NETs release with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187. Scavenging or inhibition of RNS formation diminished NETs release triggered by these stimuli while scavenging of peroxynitrite inhibited NO-induced NETs formation. Our data suggest that RNS may act as mediators and inducers of NETs release. These processes are PI3K-dependent and ROS-dependent. Since inflammatory reactions are often accompanied by nitrosative stress and NETs formation, our studies shed a new light on possible mechanisms engaged in various immune-mediated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bystrzycka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Cieloch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- The Finsen Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Street, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Heropolitanska-Pliszka
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skrobot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Jana Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Wartenberg M, Andrault PM, Saidi A, Bigot P, Nadal-Desbarats L, Lecaille F, Lalmanach G. Oxidation of cathepsin S by major chemicals of cigarette smoke. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:53-65. [PMID: 32084513 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cysteine cathepsin S (CatS) that is a potent elastase plays a deleterious role in alveolar remodeling during smoke-induced emphysema. Despite the presence of a reactive nucleophilic cysteine (Cys25) within its active site, most of its elastinolytic activity is preserved after exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), a major source of sulfhydryl oxidants. This result led us to decipher CatS resistance to major and representative CSE oxidants: hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, acrolein and peroxynitrite. CatS was inactivated by hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and acrolein in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while formaldehyde was a weaker oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide, but not CSE, formaldehyde, and peroxynitrite impaired the autocatalytic maturation of pro-CatS, whereas acrolein prevented the formation of mature CatS without hindering the initial step of the two-step autocatalytic process. Far-UV CD spectra analysis supported that oxidation by CSE and hydrogen peroxide did not led to a structural alteration of CatS, despite a notable increase of protein carbonylation, a major hallmark of oxidative damage. Evaluation of the oxidation status of Cys25 by specific biotinylated redox sensing probes suggested the formation of sulfenic acid followed by a slower conversion to sulfinic acid after incubation with hydrogen peroxide. Addition of reducing reagents (dithiothreitol, glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine) led to a partial recovery of CatS activity following incubation with CSE, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Current results provide some mechanistic evidence of CatS stability and activity in the presence of CSE, supporting its harmful contribution to the pathophysiology of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Wartenberg
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Andrault
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France
| | - Paul Bigot
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France
| | - Lydie Nadal-Desbarats
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1253, Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), Team « Imageries, Biomarqueurs et Thérapies », Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Tours, France.
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5
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Stepp MW, Doll MA, Carlisle SM, States JC, Hein DW. Genetic and small molecule inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 reduces anchorage-independent growth in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:549-558. [PMID: 29315819 PMCID: PMC5832614 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) expression is reported to affect proliferation, invasiveness, and growth of cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were engineered such that NAT1 expression was elevated or suppressed, or treated with a small molecule inhibitor of NAT1. The MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were engineered with a scrambled shRNA, a NAT1 specific shRNA or a NAT1 overexpression cassette stably integrated into a single flippase recognition target (FRT) site facilitating incorporation of these different genetic elements into the same genomic location. NAT1-specific shRNA reduced NAT1 activity in vitro by 39%, increased endogenous acetyl coenzyme A levels by 35%, and reduced anchorage-independent growth (sevenfold) without significant effects on cell morphology, growth rates, anchorage-dependent colony formation, or invasiveness compared to the scrambled shRNA cell line. Despite 12-fold overexpression of NAT1 activity in the NAT1 overexpression cassette transfected MDA-MB-231 cell line, doubling time, anchorage-dependent cell growth, anchorage-independent cell growth, and relative invasiveness were not changed significantly when compared to the scrambled shRNA cell line. A small molecule (5E)-[5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (5-HDST) was 25-fold more selective towards the inhibition of recombinant human NAT1 than N-acetyltransferase 2. Incubation of MDA-MB-231 cell line with 5-HDST resulted in 60% reduction in NAT1 activity and significant decreases in cell growth, anchorage-dependent growth, and anchorage-independent growth. In summary, inhibition of NAT1 activity by either shRNA or 5-HDST reduced anchorage-independent growth in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. These findings suggest that human NAT1 could serve as a target for the prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Stepp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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6
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Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Xu X, Mathieu C, Berthelet J, Duval R, Bui LC, Busi F, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 Is Inhibited by the Dithiocarbamate Pesticide Thiram. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:358-365. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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8
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Treatment of Rats with Apocynin Has Considerable Inhibitory Effects on Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Activity in the Liver. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26906. [PMID: 27242013 PMCID: PMC4886258 DOI: 10.1038/srep26906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of apocynin on the activity of arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) in excised liver samples was examined using eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of six animals each were fed a normal diet alone or a treatment of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of apocynin via gavages for eight (8) weeks. Chronic in vivo administration of apocynin led to significant (p < 0.001) reduction of in vitro liver NAT activity up to 93% as compared with untreated rats (18.80 ± 2.10 μmols p-anisidine/min/μg liver protein). In vitro exposure of untreated liver homogenates to apocynin led to a dose-dependent inhibition of NAT activity with IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.02 mM. In silico modelling of apocynin tautomers and radical species into human NAT crystal structures supported the hypothesis that thiol functionalities in NAT enzymes may be crucial in apocynin binding. The involvement of human NAT enzymes in different pathological conditions, such as cancer, has encouraged the research for selective NAT inhibitors in both humans and animal models with possible chemopreventive properties.
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Tzur-Balter A, Shatsberg Z, Beckerman M, Segal E, Artzi N. Mechanism of erosion of nanostructured porous silicon drug carriers in neoplastic tissues. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6208. [PMID: 25670235 PMCID: PMC4339882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) is emerging as a promising platform for drug delivery owing to its biocompatibility, degradability and high surface area available for drug loading. The ability to control PSi structure, size and porosity enables programming its in vivo retention, providing tight control over embedded drug release kinetics. In this work, the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo degradation of PSi under (pre)clinically relevant conditions, using breast cancer mouse model, is defined. We show that PSi undergoes enhanced degradation in diseased environment compared with healthy state, owing to the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumour vicinity that oxidize the silicon scaffold and catalyse its degradation. We further show that PSi degradation in vitro and in vivo correlates in healthy and diseased states when ROS-free or ROS-containing media are used, respectively. Our work demonstrates that understanding the governing mechanisms associated with specific tissue microenvironment permits predictive material performance. The degradation of materials used in biological applications has an important bearing on their long term performance. Here, the authors show how porous silicon nanoparticle degradation can be accelerated in vivo through the influence of local tissue pathology, likely influencing drug delivery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tzur-Balter
- The Inter-Departmental Program of Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zohar Shatsberg
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ester Segal
- 1] Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel [2] Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Natalie Artzi
- 1] Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
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10
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Tiang JM, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Effects of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase I knockdown in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Med 2015; 4:565-74. [PMID: 25627111 PMCID: PMC4402071 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase I (NAT1) has been associated with various cancer subtypes and inhibition of this enzyme with small molecule inhibitors or siRNA affects cell growth and survival. Here, we have investigated the role of NAT1 in the invasiveness of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We knocked down NAT1 using a lentivirus-based shRNA approach and observed marked changes in cell morphology in the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and BT-549. Most notable was a reduction in the number and size of the filopodia protrusions on the surface of the cells. The loss of filopodia could be rescued by the reintroduction of NAT1 into the knockdown cells. NAT1 expression was localized to the lamellipodia and extended into the filopodia protrusions. In vitro invasion through Geltrex was significantly inhibited in both the MDA cell lines but not in the BT-549 cells. The expression of Snail increased when NAT1 was knocked down, while other genes associated with mesenchymal to epithelial transition (vimentin, cytokeratin-18, and Twist) did not show any changes. By contrast, both N-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly reduced. When MDA-MB-231 cells expressing shRNA were injected in vivo into BALB/c nu/nu nude mice, a significant reduction in the number of colonies that formed in the lungs was observed. Taken together, the results show that NAT1 can alter the invasion and metastatic properties of some triple-negative breast cancer cells but not all. The study suggests that NAT1 may be a novel therapeutic target in a subset of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky M Tiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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12
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Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Chinese Herbs against Biomolecule Damage Induced by Peroxynitrite. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1350-4. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Habib S, Ahmad S, Dixit K, Moinuddin, Ali A. Peroxynitrite modified DNA may be an antigenic trigger for antibodies in various cancers of gynecologic origin. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1239-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Chen T, Hu Y, Cen Y, Chu X, Lu Y. A Dual-Emission Fluorescent Nanocomplex of Gold-Cluster-Decorated Silica Particles for Live Cell Imaging of Highly Reactive Oxygen Species. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4035939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha,
410082, PR China
| | - Yihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha,
410082, PR China
| | - Yao Cen
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha,
410082, PR China
| | - Xia Chu
- State Key Laboratory
of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha,
410082, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Bui LC, Manaa A, Xu X, Duval R, Busi F, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F, Dairou J. Acrolein, an α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde, Irreversibly Inhibits the Acetylation of Aromatic Amine Xenobiotics by Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1300-5. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Reynolds MM, Witzeling SD, Damodaran VB, Medeiros TN, Knodle RD, Edwards MA, Lookian PP, Brown MA. Applications for nitric oxide in halting proliferation of tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:647-51. [PMID: 23337501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapeutics coupled with dose-limiting toxicity is a serious hurdle in the field of medical oncology. In the face of this obstacle, nitric oxide has emerged as a powerful adjuvant for the hypersensitization of tumors to more traditional chemo- and radio-therapeutics. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that nitric oxide donors have the potential to function independently in the clinical management of cancer. Herein, we discuss the role of nitric oxide in cancer and the potential for nitric oxide donors to support conventional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA
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17
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Dobrunz D, Toma AC, Tanner P, Pfohl T, Palivan CG. Polymer nanoreactors with dual functionality: simultaneous detoxification of peroxynitrite and oxygen transport. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15889-15899. [PMID: 23083075 DOI: 10.1021/la302724m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of multifunctional systems is in focus today as a key strategy for coping with complex challenges in various domains that include chemistry, medicine, environmental sciences, and technology. Herein, we introduce protein-containing polymer nanoreactors with dual functionality: peroxynitrite degradation and oxygen transport. Vesicles made of poly-(2-methyloxazoline)-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(2-methyloxazoline) successfully encapsulated hemoglobin (Hb), which serves as a model protein because of its dual function in oxygen transport and peroxynitrite degradation. By inserting channel proteins, the polymer membranes of vesicles permitted passage of various compounds that served for the assessment of in situ Hb activity. The requisite conformational changes in the protein structure and the change in oxidation states that took place within the confined space of the vesicle cavity demonstrated that Hb preserved its dual functionality: peroxynitrite degradation and oxygen transport. The functionality of our nanoreactor, combined with its simple procedure of production and extensive stability over several months, supports it as a promising system for further medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dobrunz
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Götz C, Pfeiffer R, Tigges J, Ruwiedel K, Hübenthal U, Merk HF, Krutmann J, Edwards RJ, Abel J, Pease C, Goebel C, Hewitt N, Fritsche E. Xenobiotic metabolism capacities of human skin in comparison with a 3D-epidermis model and keratinocyte-based cell culture as in vitro alternatives for chemical testing: phase II enzymes. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:364-9. [PMID: 22509834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive prohibits the use of animals in cosmetic testing for certain endpoints, such as genotoxicity. Therefore, skin in vitro models have to replace chemical testing in vivo. However, the metabolic competence neither of human skin nor of alternative in vitro models has so far been fully characterized, although skin is the first-pass organ for accidentally or purposely (cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) applied chemicals. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the xenobiotic-metabolizing capacities of human skin and to compare these activities to models developed to replace animal testing. We have measured the activity of the phase II enzymes glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and N-acetyltransferase in ex vivo human skin, the 3D epidermal model EpiDerm 200 (EPI-200), immortalized keratinocyte-based cell lines (HaCaT and NCTC 2544) and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We show that all three phase II enzymes are present and highly active in skin as compared to phase I. Human skin, therefore, represents a more detoxifying than activating organ. This work systematically compares the activities of three important phase II enzymes in four different in vitro models directly to human skin. We conclude from our studies that 3D epidermal models, like the EPI-200 employed here, are superior over monolayer cultures in mimicking human skin xenobiotic metabolism and thus better suited for dermatotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Götz
- Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Dierolf D, Scheitza S, Bonifas J, Blömeke B. Cyanamide-mediated Inhibition of N-acetyltransferase 1. Toxicology 2012; 302:1-10. [PMID: 22835378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanamide has been used for decades for medical intentions in the treatment of alcoholism and for agricultural purposes as a plant growth regulator and bud-breaking agent. Its therapeutic effect is mediated by reversible inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and it was reported to be metabolized in vivo mainly via coenzyme A dependent N-acetylation by N-acetyltransferases. Although described to be a substrate for N-acetyltransferases (NATs), cyanamide has a different molecular structure to arylamines and hydrazines, the preferred substrates for N-acetyltransferases. Therefore, a more detailed investigation of its interrelations with N-acetyltransferases was performed. We analyzed the impact of cyanamide on NAT1 activities of human monocytes (monocytic THP-1 cells) using the classical substrate p-aminobenzoic acid. We found that a 24h treatment with physiologically relevant concentrations of cyanamide decreased the NAT1 activity significantly. Based on this observation we performed additional experiments using recombinant human NAT1 and NAT2 to achieve further insights. In detail a significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of NAT1 activity was observed for 100 and 1000μM cyanamide using recombinant human NAT1*4. However, cyanamide did not inhibit recombinant NAT2*4. Experiments testing cyanamide as substrate did not provide evidence that cyanamide is metabolized via coenzyme A dependent N-acetylation in vitro by human NAT1 or NAT2, THP-1 or human liver cytosol. Therefore we can conclude that the observed enzyme inhibition (around 50% and 25% after treatment with 0.5 and 0.25mM CA, respectively) is not based on substrate-dependent down-regulation of NAT1. Further mechanistic and kinetic studies indicated that cyanamide reacts with the active site cysteine residue of NAT1, leading to its rapid inhibition (significant inhibition after 30min and 2h for 1000 and 100μM CA, respectively). Addition of the reduction agent dithiothreitol (DTT) did not modify the effect, indicating that oxidative processes that can be reversed by 5mM DTT are not likely involved in the inhibition. Taken together our results show that cyanamide is able to inhibit NAT1 most likely via interaction with the active site cysteine residue. Thereby cyanamide might modulate NAT1 dependent detoxification and activation of arylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dierolf
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
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20
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Marín N, Zamorano P, Carrasco R, Mujica P, González FG, Quezada C, Meininger CJ, Boric MP, Durán WN, Sánchez FA. S-Nitrosation of β-catenin and p120 catenin: a novel regulatory mechanism in endothelial hyperpermeability. Circ Res 2012; 111:553-63. [PMID: 22777005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.274548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial adherens junction proteins constitute an important element in the control of microvascular permeability. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases permeability to macromolecules via translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to cytosol and stimulation of eNOS-derived nitric oxide signaling cascade. The mechanisms by which nitric oxide signaling regulates permeability at adherens junctions are still incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We explored the hypothesis that PAF stimulates hyperpermeability via S-nitrosation (SNO) of adherens junction proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured PAF-stimulated SNO of β-catenin and p120-catenin (p120) in 3 cell lines: ECV-eNOSGFP, EAhy926 (derived from human umbilical vein), and postcapillary venular endothelial cells (derived from bovine heart endothelium) and in the mouse cremaster muscle in vivo. SNO correlated with diminished abundance of β-catenin and p120 at the adherens junction and with hyperpermeability. Tumor necrosis factor-α increased nitric oxide production and caused similar increase in SNO as PAF. To ascertain the importance of eNOS subcellular location in this process, we used ECV-304 cells transfected with cytosolic eNOS (GFPeNOSG2A) and plasma membrane eNOS (GFPeNOSCAAX). PAF induced SNO of β-catenin and p120 and significantly diminished association between these proteins in cells with cytosolic eNOS but not in cells wherein eNOS is anchored to the cell membrane. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and of SNO blocked PAF-induced SNO and hyperpermeability, whereas inhibition of the cGMP pathway had no effect. Mass spectrometry analysis of purified p120 identified cysteine 579 as the main S-nitrosated residue in the region that putatively interacts with vascular endothelial-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that agonist-induced SNO contributes to junctional membrane protein changes that enhance endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Marín
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Laureles s/n, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
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21
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Terai T, Kikuchi K, Urano Y, Kojima H, Nagano T. A long-lived luminescent probe to sensitively detect arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity of cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2234-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17622j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Peroxynitrite and Nitroxidative Stress: Detection Probes and Micro-Sensors. A Case of a Nanostructured Catalytic Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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23
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Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1: A Novel Drug Target in Cancer Development. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 64:147-65. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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24
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Noll C, Dairou J, Ripoll C, Paul JL, Dupret JM, Delabar JM, Rodrigues-Lima F, Janel N. Effect of red wine polyphenol dietary supplementation on two phase II enzymes in liver of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1764-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Sanfins E, Dairou J, Hussain S, Busi F, Chaffotte AF, Rodrigues-Lima F, Dupret JM. Carbon black nanoparticles impair acetylation of aromatic amine carcinogens through inactivation of arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4504-11. [PMID: 21526848 DOI: 10.1021/nn103534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CB NPs) and their respirable aggregates/agglomerates are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. In certain industrial work settings, CB NPs coexist with aromatic amines (AA), which comprise a major class of human carcinogens. It is therefore crucial to characterize the interactions of CB NPs with AA-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we report molecular and cellular evidence that CB NPs interfere with the enzymatic acetylation of carcinogenic AA by rapidly binding to arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the major AA-metabolizing enzyme. Kinetic and biophysical analyses showed that this interaction leads to protein conformational changes and an irreversible loss of enzyme activity. In addition, our data showed that exposure to CB NPs altered the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene in intact lung Clara cells by impairing the endogenous NAT-dependent pathway. This process may represent an additional mechanism that contributes to the carcinogenicity of inhaled CB NPs. Our results add to recent data suggesting that major xenobiotic detoxification pathways may be altered by certain NPs and that this can result in potentially harmful pharmacological and toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sanfins
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS EAC4413, 75013, Paris, France
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26
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Sugamori KS, Brenneman D, Grant DM. Liver-selective expression of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT2 in transgenic mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:882-90. [PMID: 21317369 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.038216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) mediates the biotransformation of arylamine drugs and procarcinogens into either innocuous or reactive DNA-damaging metabolites and is expressed predominantly in liver. Interspecies differences and incongruous results between in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies make it difficult to extrapolate animal results to human risk. We have generated human NAT2 transgenic mice on both C57BL/6 (hNAT2(tg)) and Nat1/2 null backgrounds [hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-)], in which liver-selective expression of human NAT2 is driven by the mouse albumin promoter. We detected expression of the human NAT2 transcript and protein in mouse liver by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. NAT2 enzyme activity, measured using the human NAT2-selective substrate sulfamethazine (SMZ), was 40- to 80-fold higher in liver cytosols from hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. An unexpected gender difference was observed, with males displaying 2-fold higher activity than females. Transgenic mice also had an increased in vivo plasma clearance of SMZ and higher levels of N-acetylated SMZ than wild-type mice. Liver expression of human NAT2 did not affect the disposition of the human NAT1-selective substrate p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), because hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-) mice displayed in vivo PAS pharmacokinetic profiles similar to those of Nat1/2(-/-) mice. The metabolism of 4-aminobiphenyl was similar between hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-) and wild-type mice with the exception of a more liver-restricted pattern in hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-) mice and lower activity in females. Overall, the hNAT2(tg)Nat1/2(-/-) mouse mimics human expression of NAT2 and may thus be of value in clarifying the role of human NAT2 in arylamine clearance, detoxification, and bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Sugamori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Görmen M, Pigeon P, Top S, Vessières A, Plamont MA, Hillard EA, Jaouen G. Facile synthesis and strong antiproliferative activity of disubstituted diphenylmethylidenyl-[3]ferrocenophanes on breast and prostate cancer cell lines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Malka F, Dairou J, Ragunathan N, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Mechanisms and kinetics of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 inhibition by disulfiram. FEBS J 2009; 276:4900-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Barshteyn N, Elfarra AA. Formation of mono- and bis-Michael adducts by the reaction of nucleophilic amino acids with hydroxymethylvinyl ketone, a reactive metabolite of 1,3-butadiene. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:918-25. [PMID: 19317513 DOI: 10.1021/tx900006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our laboratory has shown that hydroxymethylvinyl ketone (HMVK), a Michael acceptor oxidation product of the 1,3-butadiene metabolite, 3-butene-1,2-diol, readily reacts with hemoglobin at physiological conditions and that mass spectrometry of trypsin-digested peptides suggested adduct formation with various nucleophilic amino acids. In the present study, we characterized reactions ofHMVK (3 mM) with three model nucleophilic amino acids (6 and/or 15 mM): N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC),L-valinamide, and N-acetyl-L-lysine (NAL). NAC was the most reactive toward HMVK followed by L-valinamide and NAL. HMVK incubations with each amino acid at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C resulted in the formation of a mono-Michael adduct. In addition, HMVK incubated with NAL gave rise to two additional bis-Michael adducts characterized by LC/MS, LC/MS/MS, 1H NMR, and 1H-detected heteronuclear single quantum correlation. The relative ratios of areas of NAL monoadduct (adduct 1) and diadducts (adducts 2 and 3) at 6 h were 49, 21, and 30% of total product area, respectively. The formation of adduct 2 was dependent upon the presence of both adduct 1 and HMVK, whereas the formation of adduct 3 was dependent upon the presence of adduct 2 only. Monoadducts were formed by a Michael addition reaction of one HMVK moiety with nucleophilic amino acid, whereas NAL diadducts were products of two Michael addition reactions of two HMVK moieties followed by enolization and formation of an octameric cyclic product. NAL diadduct (adduct 3) was formed by loss of a water molecule from adduct 2 followed by autoxidation of one of the hydroxy groups, yielding a diketone conjugated system. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that HMVK can react with various nucleophilic residues and form different types of adducts, suggesting that a variety of proteins may be subjected to these modifications, which could result in loss of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Barshteyn
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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30
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Hemin–H2O2–NO2− induced protein oxidation and tyrosine nitration are different from those of SIN-1: A study on glutamate dehydrogenase nitrative/oxidative modification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:907-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Pigeon P, Top S, Zekri O, Hillard EA, Vessières A, Plamont MA, Buriez O, Labbé E, Huché M, Boutamine S, Amatore C, Jaouen G. The replacement of a phenol group by an aniline or acetanilide group enhances the cytotoxicity of 2-ferrocenyl-1,1-diphenyl-but-l-ene compounds against breast cancer cells. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Russell AJ, Westwood IM, Crawford MH, Robinson J, Kawamura A, Redfield C, Laurieri N, Lowe ED, Davies SG, Sim E. Selective small molecule inhibitors of the potential breast cancer marker, human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1, and its murine homologue, mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:905-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Liu L, Wagner CR, Hanna PE. Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1: in vitro and intracellular inactivation by nitrosoarene metabolites of toxic and carcinogenic arylamines. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2005-16. [PMID: 18759501 DOI: 10.1021/tx800215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arylamines (ArNH 2) are common environmental contaminants, some of which are confirmed risk factors for cancer. Biotransformation of the amino group of arylamines involves competing pathways of oxidation and N-acetylation. Nitrosoarenes, which are products of the oxidation pathway, are electrophiles that react with cellular thiols to form sulfinamide adducts. The arylamine N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, catalyze N-acetylation of arylamines and play central roles in their detoxification. We hypothesized that 4-nitrosobiphenyl (4-NO-BP) and 2-nitrosofluorene (2-NO-F), which are nitroso metabolites of arylamines that are readily N-acetylated by NAT1, would be potent inactivators of NAT1 and that nitrosobenzene (NO-B) and 2-nitrosotoluene (2-NO-T), which are nitroso metabolites of arylamines that are less readily acetylated by NAT1, would be less effective inactivators. The second order rate constants for inactivation of NAT1 by 4-NO-BP and 2-NO-F were 59200 and 34500 M (-1) s (-1), respectively; the values for NO-B and 2-NO-T were 25 and 23 M (-1) s (-1). Densitometry quantification and comparisons of specific activities with those of homogeneous recombinant NAT1 showed that NAT1 constitutes approximately 0.002% of cytosolic protein in HeLa cells. Treatment of HeLa cells with 4-NO-BP (2.5 microM) for 1 h caused a 40% reduction in NAT1 activity, and 4-NO-BP (10 microM) caused a 50% loss of NAT1 activity within 30 min without affecting either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or glutathione reductase (GR) activities. 2-NO-F (1 microM) inhibited HeLa cell NAT1 activity by 36% in 1 h, and a 10 microM concentration of 2-NO-F reduced NAT1 activity by 70% in 30 min without inhibiting GAPDH or GR. Mass spectrometric analysis of NAT1 from HeLa cells in which NAT1 was overexpressed showed that treatment of the cells with 4-NO-BP resulted in sulfinamide adduct formation. These results indicated that exposure to low concentrations of nitrosoarenes may lead to a loss of NAT1 activity, thereby compromising a critical detoxification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Rigas B, Williams JL. NO-donating NSAIDs and cancer: an overview with a note on whether NO is required for their action. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:199-204. [PMID: 18486630 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) consist of a conventional NSAID to which an NO-releasing moiety is attached covalently, often via a spacer molecule. NO-NSAIDs represent an emerging class of compounds with chemopreventive properties against a variety of cancers, demonstrated in preclinical models including cell culture systems and animal tumor models; their potential efficacy in humans has not been assessed. Their mechanism of action appears complex and involves the generation of reactive oxygen species, suppression of microsatellite instability in mismatch repair-deficient cells, and modulation of several signaling cascades that culminate in inhibited cell renewal and enhanced apoptosis. NO, long appreciated to be able to protect from and also promote cancer, is released form NO-NSAIDs and constitutes their defining property. Existing data are consistent with the notion that NO may mediate their anticancer effect. In addition there is evidence that long-term administration of NO-donating compounds is not associated with increased incidence of colon cancer. Whether NO release is required for the anticancer effect of NO-NSAIDs has being questioned by recent data indicating that, at least in the case of NO-aspirin, the NO-releasing moiety may serve as a leaving group while the spacer actually being the moiety responsible for its pharmacological action. Regardless of mechanistic issues, these compounds promise to contribute to the control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5200, USA.
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35
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Ragunathan N, Dairou J, Pluvinage B, Martins M, Petit E, Janel N, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Identification of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 as a new target of cisplatin in breast cancer cells: molecular and cellular mechanisms of inhibition. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1761-8. [PMID: 18310302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme that plays an important role in the biotransformation of aromatic drugs and carcinogens. NAT1 activity has long been associated with susceptibility to various cancers. Evidence for a role of NAT1 in malignant progression has also been obtained, particularly for breast and prostate cancer. Cisplatin is widely used in chemotherapy against human cancers, and it is thought to act principally by forming DNA adducts. However, recent studies have suggested that some of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of cisplatin may be due to the direct targeting and inhibition of certain cellular enzymes. We show here that the exposure of breast cancer cells, known to express functional NAT1 enzyme, to therapeutically relevant concentrations of cisplatin impairs the catalytic activity of endogenous NAT1. Endogenous NAT1 was also found to be inactivated, in vivo, in the tissues of mice treated with cisplatin. Mechanistic studies with purified human NAT1 indicated that this inhibition resulted from the irreversible formation of a cisplatin adduct with the active-site cysteine residue of the enzyme. Kinetic studies suggested that NAT1 interacts rapidly with cisplatin, with a second-order rate inhibition constant of 700 M(-1) min(-1). This rate constant is one the highest ever reported for the reaction of cisplatin with a biological macromolecule. Few enzymes have been clearly shown to be inactivated by cisplatin. We provide here molecular and cellular evidence suggesting that NAT1 is one of the targets of cisplatin in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilusha Ragunathan
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France
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Buranrat B, Prawan A, Sripa B, Kukongviriyapan V. Inflammatory cytokines suppress arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6219-25. [PMID: 18069763 PMCID: PMC4171233 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i46.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of inflammatory cytokines on arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), which is a phase-II enzyme involved in the biotransformation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines found in food, drugs and the environment.
METHODS: Human cholangiocarcinoma KKU-100 cells were treated with a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) for 48 h, and the effect on NAT1 activity was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, while NAT1 expression was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The oxidative stress on the cells was examined by the formation of nitric oxide, superoxide anion and glutathione (GSH) levels. The cells were also treated with S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, to see if the responses were similar to those obtained with the inflammatory cytokines.
RESULTS: Cytokines suppressed NAT1 activity, reducing the Vmax without affecting the Km. Cytokines also had a significant impact on the induction of nitric oxide production and in reducing the redox ratios of glutathione (GSH) and GSH disulfide. Treatment with GSNO for 2-48 h reduced NAT1 activity without affecting the GSH ratio. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines and GSNO suppressed NAT1 mRNA expression.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate an association between inflammation and suppression of NAT1, which perhaps contributes to chemical-mediated toxicity and carcinogenesis.
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Dairou J, Pluvinage B, Noiran J, Petit E, Vinh J, Haddad I, Mary J, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Nitration of a critical tyrosine residue in the allosteric inhibitor site of muscle glycogen phosphorylase impairs its catalytic activity. J Mol Biol 2007; 372:1009-1021. [PMID: 17689562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Muscle glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, and its impairment can lead to muscle dysfunction. Tyrosine nitration of glycogen phosphorylase occurs during aging and has been suggested to be involved in progressive loss of muscle performance. Here, we show that GP (in its T and R form) is irreversibly impaired by exposure to peroxynitrite, a biological nitrogen species known to nitrate reactive tyrosine residues, and to be involved in physiological and pathological processes. Kinetic and biochemical analysis indicated that irreversible inactivation of GP by peroxynitrite is due to the fast (k(inact)=3 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) nitration of a unique tyrosine residue of the enzyme. Endogenous GP was tyrosine nitrated and irreversibly inactivated in skeletal muscle cells upon exposure to peroxynitrite, with concomitant impairment of glycogen mobilization. Ligand protection assays and mass spectrometry analysis using purified GP suggested that the peroxynitrite-dependent inactivation of the enzyme could be due to the nitration of Tyr613, a key amino acid of the allosteric inhibitor site of the enzyme. Our findings suggest that GP functions may be regulated by tyrosine nitration.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form/chemistry
- Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form/genetics
- Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molsidomine/analogs & derivatives
- Molsidomine/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Nitric Oxide Donors/metabolism
- Peroxynitrous Acid/chemistry
- Peroxynitrous Acid/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France; UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Pluvinage
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joseph Noiran
- UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emile Petit
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse et Neuroprotéome ESPCI - CNRS UMR 7637, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Iman Haddad
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse et Neuroprotéome ESPCI - CNRS UMR 7637, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Mary
- UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie Cellulaire du Vieillissement (EA 3106), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Dupret
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France; UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire (EA 1553), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France; UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75005, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs), known as drug- and carcinogen-metabolising enzymes, have had historic roles in cellular metabolism, carcinogenesis and pharmacogenetics, including epidemiological studies of disease susceptibility. NAT research in the past 5 years builds on that history and additionally paves the way for establishing the following new concepts in biology and opportunities in drug discovery: i) NAT polymorphisms can be used as tools in molecular anthropology to study human evolution; ii) tracing NAT protein synthesis and degradation within cells is providing insight into protein folding in cell biology; iii) studies on control of NAT gene expression may help to understand the increase in the human NAT isoenzyme, NAT1, in breast cancer; iv) a NAT homologue in mycobacteria plays an essential role in cell-wall synthesis and mycobacterial survival inside host macrophage, thus identifying a novel biochemical pathway; v) transgenic mice, with genetic modifications of all Nat genes, provide in vivo tools for drug metabolism; and vi) structures of NAT isoenzymes provide essential in silico tools for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Sim
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide (NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of biology and medicine. Since its early description as an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, NO has emerged as a fundamental signaling device regulating virtually every critical cellular function, as well as a potent mediator of cellular damage in a wide range of conditions. Recent evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion. Peroxynitrite interacts with lipids, DNA, and proteins via direct oxidative reactions or via indirect, radical-mediated mechanisms. These reactions trigger cellular responses ranging from subtle modulations of cell signaling to overwhelming oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis. In vivo, peroxynitrite generation represents a crucial pathogenic mechanism in conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, diabetes, circulatory shock, chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, novel pharmacological strategies aimed at removing peroxynitrite might represent powerful therapeutic tools in the future. Evidence supporting these novel roles of NO and peroxynitrite is presented in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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40
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Rodrigues-Lima F, Dairou J, Diaz CL, Rubio MC, Sim E, Spaink HP, Dupret JM. Cloning, functional expression and characterization of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferases: rhizobial symbiosis supplies leguminous plants with the xenobiotic N-acetylation pathway. Mol Microbiol 2006; 60:505-12. [PMID: 16573698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification of numerous aromatic chemicals. The NAT-dependent N-acetylation pathway has not previously been detected in plants. We demonstrate here the occurrence of the NAT-dependent pathway in leguminous plants, due to symbiosis with Mesorhizobium loti. We cloned two NAT enzymes from M. loti and showed that these two recombinant enzymes catalysed the N-acetylation of several known NAT substrates, including aniline-derived pesticide residues. We also demonstrate the existence of a functional NAT-dependent acetylation pathway in the root nodules of Lotus japonicus inoculated with M. loti. M. loti is the first non-eukaryotic organism shown to express two catalytically active NAT isoforms. This work also provides the first evidence for acquisition of a xenobiotic detoxification pathway by a plant through symbiosis with a soil microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Laboratory of Cytophysiology and Cellular Toxicology (EA 1553), Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
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Lin SY, Yang JH, Hsia TC, Lee JH, Chiu TH, Wei YH, Chung JG. Effect of inhibition of aloe-emodin on N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human malignant melanoma cells (A375.S2). Melanoma Res 2005; 15:489-94. [PMID: 16314733 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200512000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine carcinogens and drugs are N-acetylated by cytosolic N-acetyltransferase (NAT), which uses acetyl-coenzyme A as a cofactor. NAT plays an initial role in the metabolism of these arylamine compounds. 2-Aminofluorene is one of the arylamine carcinogens which have been demonstrated to undergo N-acetylation in laboratory animals and humans. Our previous study showed that human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, colo 205; liver cancer, Hep G2; bladder cancer, T24; leukemia, HL-60; prostate cancer, LNCaP; osteogenic sarcoma, U-2 OS; malignant melanoma, A375.S2) displayed NAT activity, which was affected by aloe-emodin in human leukemia cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aloe-emodin could affect the enzyme activity and gene expression of NAT at the mRNA and protein levels in malignant human melanoma A375.S2 cells. The results showed that aloe-emodin inhibited NAT1 activity (decreased N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene) in intact cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of aloe-emodin on NAT1 at the protein level was determined by Western blotting and the mRNA levels were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cDNA microarray. These results clearly indicate that aloe-emodin inhibits the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of NAT1 in A375.S2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuw-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dairou J, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Impairment of the activity of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes arylamine N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1/NAT2) by peroxynitrite in mouse skeletal muscle cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4719-23. [PMID: 16098511 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species and their by-products, such as peroxynitrite, modulate many physiological functions of skeletal muscle. Peroxynitrite generation occuring under specific conditions, such as inflammation, may also lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction and pathologies. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) involved in the detoxification and/or metabolic activation of several drugs and chemicals. In addition to other XMEs, such as gluthatione S-transferases or cytochromes P450, NAT enzymes are expressed in skeletal muscle. We show here that functional NAT1 and NAT2 isoforms are expressed in mouse myotubes and that peroxynitrite may impair their activity in these cells. We show that this inactivation is likely due to the irreversible modification of NATs catalytic cysteine residue in vivo. Our results suggest that peroxynitrite-dependent inactivation of muscle XMEs such as NATs may contribute to muscle dysfunction by impairing the biotransformation activity of this key cellular defense enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Cytophysiologie et Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 1553, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Case 7073, 75005 Paris, France
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Wu LT, Tsou MF, Ho CC, Chuang JY, Kuo HM, Chung JG. Berberine inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in Salmonella typhi. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:255-61. [PMID: 16086103 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of berberine on growth, arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, and gene expression in Salmonella Typhi (Typhi) were described. The growth inhibition of Typhi was determined by measuring absorbance by optical density (OD at 650 nm). The NAT activity was determined by measuring the levels of 2-aminofluorene (AF) and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that 24-h berberine treatment decreased bacteria growth and amounts of AAF in Typhi. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used for examining the levels of NAT after bacteria were cotreated with or without various concentrations of berberine, and results indicated that berberine decreased the levels of NAT in Typhi. Polymerase chain reaction was used for examining the gene expression of NAT (mRNA NAT), and results indicated that berberine affects mRNA NAT1 expression in Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lii-Tzu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Butcher N, Arulpragasam A, Goh H, Davey T, Minchin R. Genomic organization of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase Type I reveals alternative promoters that generate different 5'-UTR splice variants with altered translational activities. Biochem J 2005; 387:119-27. [PMID: 15487985 PMCID: PMC1134939 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In humans, a polymorphic gene encodes the drug-metabolizing enzyme NAT1 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase Type 1), which is widely expressed throughout the body. While the protein-coding region of NAT1 is contained within a single exon, examination of the human EST (expressed sequence tag) database at the NCBI revealed the presence of nine separate exons, eight of which were located in the 5' non-coding region of NAT1. Differential splicing produced at least eight unique mRNA isoforms that could be grouped according to the location of the first exon, which suggested that NAT1 expression occurs from three alternative promoters. Using RT (reverse transcriptase)-PCR, we identified one major transcript in various epithelial cells derived from different tissues. In contrast, multiple transcripts were observed in blood-derived cell lines (CEM, THP-1 and Jurkat), with a novel variant, not identified in the EST database, found in CEM cells only. The major splice variant increased gene expression 9-11-fold in a luciferase reporter assay, while the other isoforms were similar or slightly greater than the control. We examined the upstream region of the most active splice variant in a promoter-reporter assay, and isolated a 257 bp sequence that produced maximal promoter activity. This sequence lacked a TATA box, but contained a consensus Sp1 site and a CAAT box, as well as several other putative transcription-factor-binding sites. Cell-specific expression of the different NAT1 transcripts may contribute to the variation in NAT1 activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J. Butcher
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Ajanthy Arulpragasam
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Hui Li Goh
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Tamara Davey
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Rodney F. Minchin
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, at the present address: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (email )
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Dairou J, Malecaze F, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. The xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes arylamine N-acetyltransferases in human lens epithelial cells: inactivation by cellular oxidants and UVB-induced oxidative stress. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 67:1299-306. [PMID: 15644493 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human arylamine N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 are important xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification and metabolic activation of numerous drugs and chemicals. NAT activity depends on genetic polymorphisms and on environmental factors. It has been shown that low NAT-acetylation activity could increase the risk of age-dependent cataract, suggesting that NAT detoxification function may be important for lens cells homeostasis. We report here that the NAT acetylation pathway may occur in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. Functional NAT1 enzyme was readily detected in HLE cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and enzyme activity assays. NAT2 mRNA and enzymic activity were also detected. We investigated whether oxidants, known to be produced in HLE cells during oxidative stresses and involved in age-dependent cataract formation, decreased endogenous NAT1 and NAT2 activity. The exposure of HLE cells to peroxynitrite led to the dose-dependent irreversible inactivation of both NAT isoforms. Exposing HLE cells to continuously generated H(2)O(2) gave a dose-dependent inactivation of NAT1 and NAT2, reversible on addition of high concentrations of reducing agents. UVB irradiation also induced the reversible dose-dependent inactivation of endogenous NAT1 and NAT2, reversible on addition of reducing agents. Thus, our data suggest that functional NAT1 and NAT2 are present in HLE cells and may be impaired by oxidants produced during oxidative and photooxidative stresses. Oxidative-dependent inhibition of NATs in these cells may increase exposure of lens to the harmful effects of toxic chemicals that could contribute to cataractogenesis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dairou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7000, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Dupret JM, Dairou J, Atmane N, Rodrigues-Lima F. Inactivation of Human Arylamine N‐Acetyltransferase 1 by Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxynitrite. Methods Enzymol 2005; 400:215-29. [PMID: 16399351 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes responsible for the acetylation of many arylamine and heterocyclic amines. They therefore play an important role in the detoxification and activation of numerous drugs and carcinogens. Two closely related isoforms (NAT1 and NAT2) have been described in humans. NAT2 is present mainly in the liver and intestine, whereas NAT1 is found in a wide range of tissues. Interindividual variations in NAT genes have been shown to be a potential source of pharmacological and/or pathological susceptibility. Evidence now shows that redox conditions may also contribute to overall NAT activity. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on human NAT1 regulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Dupret
- CNRS-Unite Mixte de Recherche 7000, Faculte de Medecine, Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
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