1
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Yang X, Bai H, Yuan X, Yang X, Liu Y, Guo M, Hu N, Jiang B, Lian Z, Ma Z, Wang J, Sun X, Zhang T, Su D, Wu Y, Li J, Wang F, Wang Z, Wang L, Liu X, Song X. A highly selective PI3Kδ inhibitor BGB-10188 shows superior preclinical anti-tumor activities and decreased on-target side effects on colon. Neoplasia 2024; 57:101053. [PMID: 39260132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PI3Kδ is a key signal transduction molecule in normal and malignant B cells, as well as in T-regulatory cells, making it a promising target for treatment of hematologic malignancies through both direct killing and anti-tumor immunity regulation. BGB-10188 is a highly selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ, showing more than 3000 folds selectivity over other PI3K isoforms and no significant inhibition across tested kinases. BGB-10188 potently inhibited PI3Kδ with IC50s ranging from 1.7-16 nM through various in vitro assays and showed a long-lasting and strong target inhibition in mouse B cells in vivo. BGB-10188 showed significant antitumor effects in human B cell lymphoma xenograft models as single agent or in combination with the BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib. BGB-10188 showed significant Treg inhibition in blood but not in colon, along with less drug accumulation in colon compared with idelalisib, which is an approved PI3Kdelta inhibitor with high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in clinic. In summary, BGB-10188 is a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor with high selectivity, potency and improved safety profile shown in preclinical studies, which is showing the potential as a best-in-class PI3Kδ inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Huichen Bai
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xi Yuan
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingming Guo
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zeqin Lian
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhilong Ma
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | | | - Xuebing Sun
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | | | - Dan Su
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lai Wang
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- BeiGene Global Research, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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2
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Estupiñán HY, Bouderlique T, He C, Berglöf A, Cappelleri A, Frengen N, Zain R, Karlsson MCI, Månsson R, Smith CIE. In BTK, phosphorylated Y223 in the SH3 domain mirrors catalytic activity, but does not influence biological function. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1981-1990. [PMID: 38507738 PMCID: PMC11024922 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an enzyme needed for B-cell survival, and its inhibitors have become potent targeted medicines for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The initial activation event of cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases is the phosphorylation of a conserved regulatory tyrosine in the catalytic domain, which in BTK is represented by tyrosine 551. In addition, the tyrosine 223 (Y223) residue in the SRC homology 3 (SH3) domain has, for more than 2 decades, generally been considered necessary for full enzymatic activity. The initial recognition of its potential importance stems from transformation assays using nonlymphoid cells. To determine the biological significance of this residue, we generated CRISPR-Cas-mediated knockin mice carrying a tyrosine to phenylalanine substitution (Y223F), maintaining aromaticity and bulkiness while prohibiting phosphorylation. Using a battery of assays to study leukocyte subsets and the morphology of lymphoid organs, as well as the humoral immune responses, we were unable to detect any difference between wild-type mice and the Y223F mutant. Mice resistant to irreversible BTK inhibitors, through a cysteine 481 to serine substitution (C481S), served as an additional immunization control and mounted similar humoral immune responses as Y223F and wild-type animals. Collectively, our findings suggest that phosphorylation of Y223 serves as a useful proxy for phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCG2), the endogenous substrate of BTK. However, in contrast to a frequently held conception, this posttranslational modification is dispensable for the function of BTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yesid Estupiñán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Chenfei He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolai Frengen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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3
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Guo Y, Hu N, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yu D, Shi G, Zhang B, Yin L, Wei M, Yuan X, Luo L, Wang F, Song X, Xin L, Wei Q, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhang T, Zhang S, Zhou X, Zhang C, Su D, Liu J, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Xing H, Sun H, Li X, Zhao Y, He M, Wu Y, Guo Y, Sun X, Tian A, Zhou C, Young S, Liu X, Wang L, Wang Z. Discovery of BGB-8035, a Highly Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase for B-Cell Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4025-4044. [PMID: 36912866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays an essential role in B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling as well as the downstream signaling pathway for Fc receptors (FcRs). Targeting BTK for B-cell malignancies by interfering with BCR signaling has been clinically validated by some covalent inhibitors, but suboptimal kinase selectivity may lead to some adverse effects, which also makes the clinical development of autoimmune disease therapy more challenging. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) starting from zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) leads to a series of highly selective BTK inhibitors, in which BGB-8035 is located in the ATP binding pocket and has similar hinge binding to ATP but exhibits high selectivity over other kinases (EGFR, Tec, etc.). With an excellent pharmacokinetic profile as well as demonstrated efficacy studies in oncology and autoimmune disease models, BGB-8035 has been declared a preclinical candidate. However, BGB-8035 showed an inferior toxicity profile compared to that of BGB-3111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Gongyin Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Longbo Yin
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lusong Luo
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of DMPK-BA, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Taichang Zhang
- Department of DMPK-BA, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Cuining Zhang
- Department of Nonclinical Safety Assessment, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of DMPK-BA, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Cheng
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Haimei Xing
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Hanzi Sun
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nonclinical Safety Assessment, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of DMPK-BA, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yin Guo
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Sun
- Department of Molecular Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Alice Tian
- Department of Nonclinical Safety Assessment, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Changyou Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Steve Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Discovery Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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4
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Brooks JF, Riggs J, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Wholey WY, Yoda ST, Vykunta VS, Cheng W, Zikherman J. Molecular basis for potent B cell responses to antigen displayed on particles of viral size. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528761. [PMID: 36824873 PMCID: PMC9949087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although it has long been appreciated that multivalent antigens - and particularly viral epitope display - produce extremely rapid, robust, and T-independent humoral immune responses, the biochemical basis for such potency has been incompletely understood. Here we take advantage of a set of neutral liposomes of viral size that are engineered to display affinity mutants of the model antigen (Ag) hen egg lysozyme at precisely varied density. We show that particulate Ag display by liposomes induces highly potent B cell responses that are dose-and density-dependent but affinity-independent. Titrating dose of particulate, but not soluble, Ag reveals bimodal Erk phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium increases. Particulate Ag induces signal amplification downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) by selectively evading LYN-dependent inhibitory pathways, but in vitro potency is independent of CD19. Importantly, Ag display on viral-sized particles signals independently of MYD88 and IRAK1/4, but activates NF- κ B robustly in a manner that mimics T cell help. Together, such biased signaling by particulate Ag promotes MYC expression and reduces the threshold required for B cell proliferation relative to soluble Ag. These findings uncover a molecular basis for highly sensitive B cell response to viral Ag display and remarkable potency of virus-like particle vaccines that is not merely accounted for by avidity and BCR cross-linking, and is independent of the contribution of B cell nucleic acid-sensing machinery.
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5
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del Pino-Molina L, Bravo Gallego LY, Soto Serrano Y, Reche Yebra K, Marty Lobo J, González Martínez B, Bravo García-Morato M, Rodríguez Pena R, van der Burg M, López Granados E. Research-based flow cytometry assays for pathogenic assessment in the human B-cell biology of gene variants revealed in the diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity: a Bruton's tyrosine kinase case-study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095123. [PMID: 37197664 PMCID: PMC10183671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are an expanding group of rare diseases whose field has been boosted by next-generation sequencing (NGS), revealing several new entities, accelerating routine diagnoses, expanding the number of atypical presentations and generating uncertainties regarding the pathogenic relevance of several novel variants. Methods Research laboratories that diagnose and provide support for IEI require accurate, reproducible and sustainable phenotypic, cellular and molecular functional assays to explore the pathogenic consequences of human leukocyte gene variants and contribute to their assessment. We have implemented a set of advanced flow cytometry-based assays to better dissect human B-cell biology in a translational research laboratory. We illustrate the utility of these techniques for the in-depth characterization of a novel (c.1685G>A, p.R562Q) de novo gene variant predicted as probably pathogenic but with no previous insights into the protein and cellular effects, located in the tyrosine kinase domain of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, in an apparently healthy 14-year-old male patient referred to our clinic for an incidental finding of low immunoglobulin (Ig) M levels with no history of recurrent infections. Results and discussion A phenotypic analysis of bone marrow (BM) revealed a slightly high percentage of pre-B-I subset in BM, with no blockage at this stage, as typically observed in classical X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients. The phenotypic analysis in peripheral blood also revealed reduced absolute numbers of B cells, all pre-germinal center maturation stages, together with reduced but detectable numbers of different memory and plasma cell isotypes. The R562Q variant allows Btk expression and normal activation of anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of Y551 but diminished autophosphorylation at Y223 after anti IgM and CXCL12 stimulation. Lastly, we explored the potential impact of the variant protein for downstream Btk signaling in B cells. Within the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation pathway, normal IκBα degradation occurs after CD40L stimulation in patient and control cells. In contrast, disturbed IκBα degradation and reduced calcium ion (Ca2+) influx occurs on anti-IgM stimulation in the patient's B cells, suggesting an enzymatic impairment of the mutated tyrosine kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. del Pino-Molina
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII)I (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: L. del Pino-Molina, ; E. López Granados,
| | - L. Y. Bravo Gallego
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII)I (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Soto Serrano
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Reche Yebra
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Marty Lobo
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - B. González Martínez
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Bravo García-Morato
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII)I (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez Pena
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII)I (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E. López Granados
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII)I (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Department, La Paz University Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: L. del Pino-Molina, ; E. López Granados,
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6
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Sousa B, de Almeida CR, Barahona AF, Lopes R, Martins-Logrado A, Cavaco M, Neves V, Carvalho LA, Labão-Almeida C, Coelho AR, Leal Bento M, Lopes RMR, Oliveira BL, Castanho MARB, Neumeister P, Deutsch A, Vladimer GI, Krall N, João C, Corzana F, Seixas JD, Fior R, Bernardes GJL. Selective Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase by a Designed Covalent Ligand Leads to Potent Therapeutic Efficacy in Blood Cancers Relative to Clinically Used Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1156-1168. [PMID: 36407952 PMCID: PMC9667546 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC-family kinases and crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of a covalent inhibitor (JS25) with nanomolar potency against BTK and with a more desirable selectivity and inhibitory profile compared to the FDA-approved BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. Structural prediction of the BTK/JS25 complex revealed sequestration of Tyr551 that leads to BTK's inactivation. JS25 also inhibited the proliferation of myeloid and lymphoid B-cell cancer cell lines. Its therapeutic potential was further tested against ibrutinib in preclinical models of B-cell cancers. JS25 treatment induced a more pronounced cell death in a murine xenograft model of Burkitt's lymphoma, causing a 30-40% reduction of the subcutaneous tumor and an overall reduction in the percentage of metastasis and secondary tumor formation. In a patient model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the drug response of JS25 was higher than that of ibrutinib, leading to a 64% "on-target" efficacy. Finally, in zebrafish patient-derived xenografts of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, JS25 was faster and more effective in decreasing tumor burden, producing superior therapeutic effects compared to ibrutinib. We expect JS25 to become therapeutically relevant as a BTK inhibitor and to find applications in the treatment of hematological cancers and other pathologies with unmet clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara
B. Sousa
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana F. Barahona
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís A.
R. Carvalho
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Carlos Labão-Almeida
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Coelho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Leal Bento
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro
Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow
Transplantation, Avenida
Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M. R.
M. Lopes
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno L. Oliveira
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division
of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division
of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregory I. Vladimer
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Nikolaus Krall
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Cristina João
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Centro
de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - João D. Seixas
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- TARGTEX
S.A., Avenida Tenente
Valadim, N°17, 2F, 2560-275 Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Rita Fior
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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7
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Tichenor MS, Wiener JJM, Rao NL, Bacani GM, Wei J, Pooley Deckhut C, Barbay JK, Kreutter KD, Chang L, Clancy KW, Murrey HE, Wang W, Ahn K, Huber M, Rex E, Coe KJ, Wu J, Rui H, Sepassi K, Gaudiano M, Bekkers M, Cornelissen I, Packman K, Seierstad M, Xiouras C, Bembenek SD, Alexander R, Milligan C, Balasubramanian S, Lebsack AD, Venable JD, Philippar U, Edwards JP, Hirst G. Discovery of JNJ-64264681: A Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14326-14336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Tichenor
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - John J. M. Wiener
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Navin L. Rao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Genesis M. Bacani
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Jianmei Wei
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Charlotte Pooley Deckhut
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - J. Kent Barbay
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Kevin D. Kreutter
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Leon Chang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Kathleen W. Clancy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Heather E. Murrey
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Weixue Wang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Kay Ahn
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Michael Huber
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rex
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Kevin J. Coe
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Jiejun Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Haopeng Rui
- Janssen Research & Development, 4560 Jinke Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201319, P. R. China
| | - Kia Sepassi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Marcello Gaudiano
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mariette Bekkers
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ivo Cornelissen
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Christos Xiouras
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Scott D. Bembenek
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Richard Alexander
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Cynthia Milligan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Alec D. Lebsack
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Venable
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - James P. Edwards
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
| | - Gavin Hirst
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121-1126, United States
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8
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Arthur R, Wathen A, Lemm EA, Stevenson FK, Forconi F, Linley AJ, Steele AJ, Packham G, Valle-Argos B. BTK-independent regulation of calcium signalling downstream of the B-cell receptor in malignant B-cells. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110358. [PMID: 35597428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BTK inhibitors (BTKi) have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and some forms of B-cell lymphoma. However, new strategies are needed to enhance responses. Here we have performed a detailed analysis of the effects of BTKi on B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced signalling using primary malignant cells from CLL patients and B-lymphoma cell lines. Although BTK is considered as a key activator of PLCγ2, BTKi (ibrutinib and acalabrutinib) failed to fully inhibit calcium responses in CLL samples with strong BCR signalling capacity. This BTKi-resistant calcium signalling was sufficient to engage downstream calcium-dependent transcription and suppress CLL cell apoptosis and was entirely independent of BTK and not just its kinase activity as similar results were obtained using a BTK-degrading PROTAC. BTK-independent calcium signalling was also observed in two B-lymphoma cell lines where BTKi had little effect on the initial phase of the calcium response but did accelerate the subsequent decline in intracellular calcium. In contrast to BTKi, calcium responses were completely blocked by inhibition of SYK in CLL and lymphoma cells. Engagement of BTK-independent calcium responses was associated with BTK-independent phosphorylation of PLCγ2 on Y753 and Y759 in both CLL and lymphoma cells. Moreover, in CLL samples, inhibition of RAC, which can mediate BTK-independent activation of PLCγ2, cooperated with ibrutinib to suppress calcium responses. BTK-independent calcium signalling may limit the effectiveness of BTKi to suppress BCR signalling responses and our results suggest inhibition of SYK or dual inhibition of BTK and RAC as alternative strategies to strengthen pathway blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Arthur
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Wathen
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Lemm
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Linley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, 5(th) Floor Nuffield Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Beatriz Valle-Argos
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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9
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Microglia: The Missing Link to Decipher and Therapeutically Control MS Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073461. [PMID: 33801644 PMCID: PMC8038003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutically controlling chronic progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major challenge. MS progression is defined as a steady loss of parenchymal and functional integrity of the central nervous system (CNS), occurring independent of relapses or focal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable inflammatory lesions. While it clinically surfaces in primary or secondary progressive MS, it is assumed to be an integral component of MS from the very beginning. The exact mechanisms causing progression are still unknown, although evolving evidence suggests that they may substantially differ from those driving relapse biology. To date, progression is assumed to be caused by an interplay of CNS-resident cells and CNS-trapped hematopoietic cells. On the CNS-resident cell side, microglia that are phenotypically and functionally related to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage may play a key role. Microglia function is highly transformable. Depending on their molecular signature, microglia can trigger neurotoxic pathways leading to neurodegeneration, or alternatively exert important roles in promoting neuroprotection, downregulation of inflammation, and stimulation of repair. Accordingly, to understand and to possibly alter the role of microglial activation during MS disease progression may provide a unique opportunity for the development of suitable, more effective therapeutics. This review focuses on the current understanding of the role of microglia during disease progression of MS and discusses possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
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10
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Ou YC, Tang Z, Novotny W, Tawashi M, Li TK, Coleman HA, Sahasranaman S. Evaluation of drug interaction potential of zanubrutinib with cocktail probes representative of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, P-gp and BCRP. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:2926-2936. [PMID: 33336408 PMCID: PMC8359458 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to assess the potential effects of zanubrutinib on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and drug transporter proteins using a cocktail probe approach. Methods Patients received single oral doses of probe drugs alone and after at least 8 days of treatment with zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily in a single‐sequence study in 18 healthy male volunteers. Simultaneous doses of 10 mg warfarin (CYP2C9) and 2 mg midazolam (CYP3A) were administered on Day 1 and Day 14, 0.25 mg digoxin (P‐glycoprotein [P‐gp]) and 10 mg rosuvastatin (breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP]) on Day 3 and Day 16, and 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19) on Day 5 and Day 18. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were estimated from samples obtained up to 12 h post dose for zanubrutinib; 24 h for digoxin, omeprazole and midazolam; 48 h for rosuvastatin; and 144 h for warfarin. Results The ratios (%) of geometric least squares means (90% confidence intervals) for the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration in the presence/absence of zanubrutinib were 99.80% (97.41–102.2%) for S‐warfarin; 52.52% (48.49–56.88%) for midazolam; 111.3% (103.8–119.3%) for digoxin; 89.45% (78.73–101.6%) for rosuvastatin; and 63.52% (57.40–70.30%) for omeprazole. Similar effects were observed for maximum plasma concentrations. Conclusions Zanubrutinib 320 mg total daily dose had minimal or no effect on the activity of CYP2C9, BCRP and P‐gp, but decreased the systemic exposure of CYP3A and CYP2C19 substrates (mean reduction <50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying C Ou
- BeiGene USA, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ta-Kai Li
- BeiGene USA, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
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11
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Qiu X, Liang X, Li H, Sun R. LPS-induced vein endothelial cell injury and acute lung injury have Btk and Orai 1 to regulate SOC-mediated calcium influx. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107039. [PMID: 33127334 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with sepsis and sepsis-related complications have a high mortality. Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a central role in sepsis pathophysiological process. In sepsis patients, endothelial cell apoptosis is associated with intracellular calcium overload. Multiple functions in the apoptotic process have been found to be regulated by calcium signaling. Our previous work had proved that LPS-induced cell injury was associated with store-operated calcium (SOC) entry mediated by stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM 1) in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been adequately defined. Here we report that the LPS-induced cell injury is related to the calcium overload in HUVEC. SOC entry mediated by calcium release-activated calcium modulator (Orai) 1 and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 1 was associated with LPS-induced calcium overload and cell apoptosis. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)/Phospholipase C(PLC) γ/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) played a major role in regulating calcium overload in LPS-induced HUVEC. Knockdown of Btk markedly inhibited the expressions of Orai 1 and its downstream molecule IP3R but not that of TRPC1 in LPS-induced HUVEC. In mice, knockdown of Btk and Orai 1 inhibited LPS-induced calcium overload, pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury and acute lung injury. These findings demonstrated that Btk acts as a regulator of calcium-dependent signaling, especially in the Orai 1-mediated SOC entry of the LPS-induced VEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaobo Liang
- Department of Dermatology, the Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongju Sun
- Department of Emergency, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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12
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Guo M, Dai S, Wu D, Duan Y, Li J, Qu L, Jiang L, Chen Z, Chen X, Chen Y. Characterization of ibrutinib as a non-covalent inhibitor of SRC-family kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 34:127757. [PMID: 33359446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib is a BTK-targeted irreversible inhibitor. In this study, we demonstrate that ibrutinib potently inhibits SRC activity in a non-covalent manner via mass spectrometry and crystallography. The S345C mutation renders SRC to bind covalently with ibrutinib, and restores the potency of ibrutinib against the gatekeeper mutant. The co-crystal structure of ibrutinib/SRC shows Ser345 of SRC did not form covalent bond with ibrutinib, leading to a decrease of potency and loss of the ability to overcome the gatekeeper mutation of SRC. The X-ray crystallographic studies also provide structural insight into why ibrutinib behaves differently against gatekeeper mutants of different kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Daichao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, University of South China Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yankun Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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13
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Mu S, Darpo B, Tang Z, Novotny W, Tawashi M, Xue H, Willett M, Lin L, Sahasranaman S, Ou YC. No QTc Prolongation With Zanubrutinib: Results of Concentration-QTc Analysis From a Thorough QT Study in Healthy Subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:923-931. [PMID: 32144955 PMCID: PMC7485941 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This thorough QT (TQT) study evaluated the effect of zanubrutinib on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters by using concentration‐QTc (C‐QTc) analysis as the primary analysis for this study. Part A of the study determined the safety and tolerability of a single supratherapeutic dose of zanubrutinib (480 mg) in healthy volunteers. Part B was a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled and positive‐controlled, four‐way crossover, TQT study of single therapeutic (160 mg) and supratherapeutic (480 mg) doses of zanubrutinib, placebo, and open‐label moxifloxacin 400 mg. Thirty‐two participants received at least 1 dose of zanubrutinib, and 26 participants completed all 4 periods. Zanubrutinib did not have any effect on heart rate or cardiac conduction (pulse rate, QRS interval, or T‐wave morphology) and was generally well‐tolerated. Using C‐QTc analysis, the predicted placebo‐corrected change‐from‐baseline QT interval using Fridericia’s formula (ΔΔQTcF) was −3.4 msec (90% confidence interval: −4.9 to −1.9 msec) at peak concentrations of the 480 mg dose. A QT effect (ΔΔQTcF) exceeding 10 msec could be excluded within the observed concentration range at 160 and 480 mg doses. Assay sensitivity was established by moxifloxacin with 90% lower bound exceeding 5 msec. Implementing a C‐QTc analysis prospectively in this TQT study resulted in a substantially smaller sample size to maintain a similar study power as shown in the traditional time‐point analysis. A single 160‐mg or 480‐mg zanubrutinib dose did not prolong the QTc interval or have any other clinically relevant effects on ECG parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mu
- BeiGene, Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Borje Darpo
- eResearchTechnology, Inc. (ERT), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhiyu Tang
- BeiGene, Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
| | | | | | - Hongqi Xue
- eResearchTechnology, Inc. (ERT), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Leo Lin
- BeiGene, Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
| | | | - Ying C Ou
- BeiGene, Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
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14
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Hajicek N, Keith NC, Siraliev-Perez E, Temple BRS, Huang W, Zhang Q, Harden TK, Sondek J. Structural basis for the activation of PLC-γ isozymes by phosphorylation and cancer-associated mutations. eLife 2019; 8:e51700. [PMID: 31889510 PMCID: PMC7004563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct activation of the human phospholipase C-γ isozymes (PLC-γ1, -γ2) by tyrosine phosphorylation is fundamental to the control of diverse biological processes, including chemotaxis, platelet aggregation, and adaptive immunity. In turn, aberrant activation of PLC-γ1 and PLC-γ2 is implicated in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Although structures of isolated domains from PLC-γ isozymes are available, these structures are insufficient to define how release of basal autoinhibition is coupled to phosphorylation-dependent enzyme activation. Here, we describe the first high-resolution structure of a full-length PLC-γ isozyme and use it to underpin a detailed model of their membrane-dependent regulation. Notably, an interlinked set of regulatory domains integrates basal autoinhibition, tyrosine kinase engagement, and additional scaffolding functions with the phosphorylation-dependent, allosteric control of phospholipase activation. The model also explains why mutant forms of the PLC-γ isozymes found in several cancers have a wide spectrum of activities, and highlights how these activities are tuned during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hajicek
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Nicholas C Keith
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Edhriz Siraliev-Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Brenda RS Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- R L Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core FacilityThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Weigang Huang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - T Kendall Harden
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - John Sondek
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
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15
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Franco A, Kraus Z, Li H, Seibert N, Dement-Brown J, Tolnay M. CD21 and FCRL5 form a receptor complex with robust B-cell activating capacity. Int Immunol 2019; 30:569-578. [PMID: 30107486 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell response to antigen is critically regulated by co-receptors. CD21 (complement receptor 2) amplifies the response to antigen linked to its ligands, specific C3 fragments. In contrast, human Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5), a novel IgG receptor, was reported to inhibit B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Here, we show that CD21 and FCRL5 physically associate, suggesting that immune complexes containing both C3 fragment and IgG could simultaneously engage the pre-assembled receptors. We found that activating signaling molecules such as CD19, active PLCγ2 and BTK were rapidly recruited to FCRL5 upon engagement, suggesting a novel activating function for FCRL5. We confirmed that FCRL5 through its ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) inhibited BCR signaling in the absence of CD21 stimulation. In contrast, triple engagement of FCRL5, CD21 and the BCR led to a superior calcium response compared to CD21 and BCR co-stimulation, in both cell lines and tonsil B cells. Furthermore, the novel activating function was independent of established FCRL5 signaling motifs. While human peripheral B cells express either FCRL5 or CD21, we identified a sizable subset of tonsil B cells which co-express the two receptors. We propose that FCRL5 has dual signaling capacity, while CD21 co-engagement serves as molecular switch, converting FCRL5 from a negative to a positive co-receptor. In tissues, B cells that co-express FCRL5 and CD21 could robustly respond to IgG immune complexes loaded with C3 fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franco
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kraus
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Jessica Dement-Brown
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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16
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Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, Yu D, Zhou C, Shi G, Zhang B, Wei M, Liu J, Luo L, Tang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Liu X, Su D, Zhang S, Song X, Zhou X, Hong Y, Chen S, Cheng Z, Young S, Wei Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Lv L, Wang F, Xu H, Sun H, Xing H, Li N, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Li W, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Z. Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7923-7940. [PMID: 31381333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays an important role in pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that inhibition of BTK is useful in the treatment of hematological malignancies. The discovery of a more selective on-target covalent BTK inhibitor is of high value. Herein, we disclose the discovery and preclinical characterization of a potent, selective, and irreversible BTK inhibitor as our clinical candidate by using in vitro potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and in vivo pharmacodynamic for prioritizing compounds. Compound BGB-3111 (31a, Zanubrutinib) demonstrates (i) potent activity against BTK and excellent selectivity over other TEC, EGFR and Src family kinases, (ii) desirable ADME, excellent in vivo pharmacodynamic in mice and efficacy in OCI-LY10 xenograft models.
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17
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Roman-Garcia S, Merino-Cortes SV, Gardeta SR, de Bruijn MJW, Hendriks RW, Carrasco YR. Distinct Roles for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in B Cell Immune Synapse Formation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2027. [PMID: 30237801 PMCID: PMC6136277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) has a key role in the signaling pathways of receptors essential for the B lymphocyte response. Given its implication in B cell-related immunodeficiencies, leukemias/lymphomas and autoimmunity, Btk is studied intensely and is a target for therapy. Here, using primary B cells from distinct mouse models and the pharmacological inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, we report distinct roles for Btk in antigen-triggered immune synapse (IS) formation. Btk recruitment to the plasma membrane regulates the B cell ability to trigger IS formation as well as its appropriate molecular assembly; Btk shuttling/scaffold activities seem more relevant than the kinase function on that. Btk-kinase activity controls antigen accumulation at the IS through the PLCγ2/Ca2+ axis. Impaired Btk membrane-recruitment or kinase function likewise alters antigen-triggered microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) polarization to the IS, B cell activation and proliferation. Data also show that, for B cell function, IS architecture is as important as the quantity of antigen that accumulates at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roman-Garcia
- B cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department on Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara V Merino-Cortes
- B cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department on Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia R Gardeta
- B cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department on Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- B cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department on Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Chen J, Kinoshita T, Gururaja T, Sukbuntherng J, James D, Lu D, Whang J, Versele M, Chang BY. The effect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, BTK, and tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC). Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:604-612. [PMID: 30030853 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) are expressed by human platelets. These kinases participate in platelet activation through the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and may perform overlapping functions. In clinical studies, BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, tirabrutinib, zanubrutinib) have been associated with increased bleeding risk, which may result from inhibition of BTK alone or of both BTK and TEC, although the role of TEC in bleeding risk remains unclear. METHODS Here, in vitro catalytic and binding activities of ibrutinib and acalabrutinib were determined with four assay systems. Platelet aggregation assays determined inhibitor potency and its relationship to selectivity between BTK and TEC. RESULTS Neither inhibitor was substantially more selective for BTK over TEC. The potencies at which BTK inhibitors suppressed platelet aggregation correlated with the potencies in on-target BTK assays, including those in cells. At clinically relevant plasma concentration, ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and tirabrutinib inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation to a similar extent, despite differing in vitro IC50 s. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest BTK inhibition is the primary driver for inhibition of platelet aggregation. The subtle differences between these inhibitors suggest only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies can fully address the bleeding risks of different BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Danelle James
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lu
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Whang
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | - Betty Y Chang
- Pharmacyclics, LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
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19
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Belmont J, Gu T, Mudd A, Salomon AR. A PLC-γ1 Feedback Pathway Regulates Lck Substrate Phosphorylation at the T-Cell Receptor and SLP-76 Complex. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28644030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) occupies a critically important position in the T-cell signaling pathway. While its functions as a regulator of both Ca2+ signaling and PKC-family kinases are well characterized, PLC-γ1's role in the regulation of early T-cell receptor signaling events is incompletely understood. Activation of the T-cell receptor leads to the formation of a signalosome complex between SLP-76, LAT, PLC-γ1, Itk, and Vav1. Recent studies have revealed the existence of both positive and negative feedback pathways from SLP-76 to the apical kinase in the pathway, Lck. To determine if PLC-γ1 contributes to the regulation of these feedback networks, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of PLC-γ1-deficient T cells. These data revealed a previously unappreciated role for PLC-γ1 in the positive regulation of Zap-70 and T-cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, PLC-γ1 negatively regulated the phosphorylation of SLP-76-associated proteins, including previously established Lck substrate phosphorylation sites within this complex. While the positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation sites on Lck were largely unchanged, Tyr192 phosphorylation was elevated in Jgamma1. The data supports a model wherein Lck's targeting, but not its kinase activity, is altered by PLC-γ1, possibly through Lck Tyr192 phosphorylation and increased association of the kinase with protein scaffolds SLP-76 and TSAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judson Belmont
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ashley Mudd
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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20
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Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Koletsa T, Lazaridou A, Goulas A. Targeting Bruton Tyrosine Kinase: A novel strategy in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/fco-2015-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In normal B-cells, Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling, is essential for cell survival and maturation. Not surprisingly, Btk is also implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas, like Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL), Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM), which are driven by aberrant BCR signalling. Thus, targeting Btk represents a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma patients. Ibrutinib, a selective Btk inhibitor, has already been approved as second-line treatment of CLL/SLL, MCL and WM patients, while more clinical studies of ibrutinib and novel Btk inhibitors are currently under way. In light of results of the RESONATE-2 trial, the approval of ibrutinib as a first-line treatment of CLL/SLL may well be approaching. Herein, we review Btk’s role in normal and malignant BCR signalling, as well as ibrutinib’s performance in B-cell lymphoma treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- 1st Laboratory of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - T. Koletsa
- Department of Pathology , Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - A. Lazaridou
- 1st Laboratory of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - A. Goulas
- 1st Laboratory of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece
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21
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Irreversible inhibition of BTK kinase by a novel highly selective inhibitor CHMFL-BTK-11 suppresses inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:466. [PMID: 28352114 PMCID: PMC5428509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BTK plays a critical role in the B cell receptor mediated inflammatory signaling in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Through a rational design approach we discovered a highly selective and potent BTK kinase inhibitor (CHMFL-BTK-11) which exerted its inhibitory efficacy through a covalent bond with BTK Cys481. CHMFL-BTK-11 potently blocked the anti-IgM stimulated BCR signaling in the Ramos cell lines and isolated human primary B cells. It significantly inhibited the LPS stimulated TNF-α production in the human PBMC cells but only weakly affecting the normal PBMC cell proliferation. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, CHMFL-BTK-11 ameliorated the inflammatory response through blockage of proliferation of activated B cells, inhibition of the secretion of the inflammatory factors such as IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IL-6 and PMΦ phagocytosis, stimulation of secretion of IL-10. The high specificity of CHMFL-BTK-11 makes it a useful pharmacological tool to further detect BTK mediated signaling in the pathology of RA.
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22
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Sun R, Wang J, Young KH. Oncogenic Signaling Pathways and Pathway-Based Therapeutic Biomarkers in Lymphoid Malignancies. Crit Rev Oncog 2017; 22:527-557. [PMID: 29604930 PMCID: PMC5961736 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2017020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is characterized by heterogeneous biology, pathologic features, and clinical outcome. This has been proven by accumulating pathologic and molecular evidence attributed to underlying aberrant alterations at genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, protein, microenvironmental levels, and dysregulated oncogenic signaling pathways. In the era of precision medicine, targeting oncogenic pathways to design drugs and to optimize treatment regimens for the lymphoma patients is feasible and clinically significant. As such, further understanding of the biology and the mechanisms behind lymphoma development and identification of oncogenic pathway activation and pathway-based biomarkers to better design precise therapies are challenging but hopeful. Furthermore, pathway-based targeted therapies in combination with traditional chemotherapy, single specific targeted antibody therapy, and immunotherapy might raise the hope for the patients with lymphoma, especially for relapsed and refractory lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Park JK, Byun JY, Park JA, Kim YY, Lee YJ, Oh JI, Jang SY, Kim YH, Song YW, Son J, Suh KH, Lee YM, Lee EB. HM71224, a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses B cell and monocyte activation and ameliorates arthritis in a mouse model: a potential drug for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:91. [PMID: 27090981 PMCID: PMC4835877 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is critical for activation of B cells and myeloid cells. This study aimed to characterize the effects of HM71224, a novel Btk inhibitor, both in vitro and in a mouse model of experimental arthritis. METHODS The kinase inhibition profile of HM71224 was analyzed. The in vitro effects of HM71224 on B cells and monocytes were analyzed by examining phosphorylation of Btk and its downstream signaling molecules, along with cytokine production and osteoclast formation. The in vivo effects of HM71224 were investigated in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS HM71224 irreversibly bound to and inhibited Btk (IC50 = 1.95 nM). The compound also inhibited the phosphorylation of Btk and its downstream molecules such as PLCγ2, in activated Ramos B lymphoma cells and primary human B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HM71224 effectively inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β by human monocytes, and osteoclast formation by human monocytes. Finally, HM71224 improved experimental arthritis and prevented joint destruction in a murine model of CIA. CONCLUSIONS HM71224 inhibits Btk in B cells and monocytes and ameliorates experimental arthritis in a mouse model. Thus, HM71224 is a potential novel therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Park
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehank-no Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Byun
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ah Park
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehank-no Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Yu-Yon Kim
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Lee
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehank-no Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Jeong In Oh
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jang
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehank-no Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Jeewoong Son
- />Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 45 Bangi-dong, Songpa, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 138-724 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwee Hyun Suh
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- />Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm.Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehank-no Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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24
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Xia B, Qu F, Yuan T, Zhang Y. Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling as an emerging therapeutic agent of B-cell malignancies. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3339-3344. [PMID: 26788133 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is central to the development and function of B cells. BCR signaling has emerged as a pivotal pathway and a key driver of numerous B-cell lymphomas. Disruption of BCR signaling can be lethal to malignant B cells. Recently, kinase inhibitors that target BCR signaling have induced notable clinical responses. These inhibitors include spleen tyrosine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3'-kinase and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Ibrutinib, an oral irreversible BTK inhibitor, has emerged as a promising targeted therapy for patients with B-cell malignancies. The present review discusses the current understanding of BTK-mediated BCR signaling in the biology and pathobiology of normal and malignant B cells, and the cellular interaction with the tumor microenvironment. The data on ibrutinib in the preclinical and clinical settings is also discussed, and perspectives for the future use of ibrutinib are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fulian Qu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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25
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Herman SEM, Mustafa RZ, Jones J, Wong DH, Farooqui M, Wiestner A. Treatment with Ibrutinib Inhibits BTK- and VLA-4-Dependent Adhesion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4642-51. [PMID: 26089373 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ibrutinib leads to a transient lymphocytosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that develops within hours of starting drug and is due to the efflux of cells from lymphoid tissues into the blood. We therefore sought to investigate the in vivo effect of ibrutinib on migration and adhesion of CLL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients received single-agent ibrutinib (420 mg daily) on an investigator-initiated phase II trial. Serial blood samples were collected pretreatment and during treatment for ex vivo functional assays. RESULTS Adhesion of CLL cells to fibronectin was rapidly (within hours) and almost completely inhibited (median reduction 98% on day 28, P < 0.001), while the effect on migration to chemokines was more moderate (median reduction 64%, P = 0.008) and less uniform. Although cell surface expression of key adhesion molecules such as CD49d, CD29, and CD44 were modestly reduced, this was only apparent after weeks of treatment. Stimulation of CLL cells from patients on ibrutinib with PMA, which activates PKC independent of BTK, restored the ability of the cells to adhere to fibronectin in a VLA-4-dependent manner. Finally, the addition of ibrutinib to CLL cells adhered to fibronectin in vitro caused the detachment of 17% of the cells, on average; consisten t with in vivo observations of an increasing lymphocytosis within 4 hours of starting ibrutinib. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of BTK and VLA-4-dependent adhesion of CLL cells to stroma and stromal components provides a mechanistic explanation for the treatment-induced lymphocytosis and may reduce CD49d-dependent prosurvival signals in the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashida Z Mustafa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jade Jones
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deanna H Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Farooqui
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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26
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Manne BK, Badolia R, Dangelmaier C, Eble JA, Ellmeier W, Kahn M, Kunapuli SP. Distinct pathways regulate Syk protein activation downstream of immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM receptors in platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11557-68. [PMID: 25767114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase pathways are known to play an important role in the activation of platelets. In particular, the GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors are known to activate Syk upon tyrosine phosphorylation of an immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM, respectively. However, unlike GPVI, the CLEC-2 receptor contains only one tyrosine motif in the intracellular domain. The mechanisms by which this receptor activates Syk are not completely understood. In this study, we identified a novel signaling mechanism in CLEC-2-mediated Syk activation. CLEC-2-mediated, but not GPVI-mediated, platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation were abolished by inhibition of PI3K, which demonstrates that PI3K regulates Syk downstream of CLEC-2. Ibrutinib, a Tec family kinase inhibitor, also completely abolished CLEC-2-mediated aggregation and Syk phosphorylation in human and murine platelets. Furthermore, embryos lacking both Btk and Tec exhibited cutaneous edema associated with blood-filled vessels in a typical lymphatic pattern similar to CLEC-2 or Syk-deficient embryos. Thus, our data show, for the first time, that PI3K and Tec family kinases play a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation downstream of the CLEC-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Rachit Badolia
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Johannes A Eble
- the Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- the Division of Immunobiology, Institution of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and
| | - Mark Kahn
- the Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5159
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140,
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27
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Alinari L, Quinion C, Blum KA. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:469-77. [PMID: 25670208 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell receptor pathway (BCR) is aberrantly activated in select B-cell malignancies. This knowledge has allowed for the development of inhibitors of different crucial steps of this pathway. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of BCR signaling and functions as an important regulator of multiple cell functions including differentiation, proliferation, and survival in various B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is a potent, selective BTK inhibitor that has shown significant activity in specific subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Given the high response rates, tolerability, and acceptable toxicities, ibrutinib was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also currently being evaluated in combination with chemotherapy and as frontline therapy in B-cell NHL. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of ibrutinib in the treatment of B-cell NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alinari
- Department of Hematology, Arthur G James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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28
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Dias AL, Jain D. Ibrutinib: a new frontier in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2014; 11:265-71. [PMID: 24433470 PMCID: PMC4010045 DOI: 10.2174/1871525712666140115143914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by progressive accumulation of nonfunctional mature B
cells in blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. In the last decade, our understanding of CLL and consequently our
diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have changed dramatically. Conventional fludarabine based chemotherapy has led
to improved disease response and longer survival in young patients with CLL. However its application in elderly patients
has been restricted by substantial myelosuppression and infection. Treatment of CLL is now moving towards targeted
therapy. The success of new class of agents such as monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory
derivatives has sparked further search for treatment agents with novel targets to inhibit. The B cell receptor activating
pathway involving the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is crucial in B cell production and maintenance and is an attractive
therapeutic target. Ibrutinib is an oral covalent inhibitor of the BTK pathway that induces apoptosis of B cells. Early phase
studies with Ibrutinib either as a single agent or in combination regimens have shown promising results with an excellent
safety profile in patients with high-risk, refractory or relapsed CLL and elderly treatment-naïve patients. This review
summarizes the current knowledge of Ibrutinib in the treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dharamvir Jain
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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29
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Tokuda Y, Tanaka M, Yagi T, Tashiro K. The defect of SFRP2 modulates an influx of extracellular calcium in B lymphocytes. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:780. [PMID: 25370898 PMCID: PMC4242488 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Wnt pathway, the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) is thought to act as one of the several competitive inhibitors of Wnt. However, the precise role of SFRP2 is still poorly understood especially in B lymphocytes. Here, we investigated the function of SFRP2, comparing the SFRP2 defective as well as normal B lymphocytes in mice. Results We demonstrated that calcium influx from extracellular to intracellular space in splenic B cells was clearly affected by the defect of SFRP2. In addition, the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 was observed to be reduced in SFRP2 defective splenic B cells with B cell receptor stimulation. Conclusions SFRP2 is suggested to modulate the influx from extracellular calcium in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-780) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kei Tashiro
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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30
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Ji Q, Ding Y, Salomon AR. SRC homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) N-terminal tyrosine residues regulate a dynamic signaling equilibrium involving feedback of proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:30-40. [PMID: 25316710 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.037861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is a cytosolic adaptor protein that plays an important role in the T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell signaling pathway. SLP-76 links proximal receptor stimulation to downstream effectors through interaction with many signaling proteins. Previous studies showed that mutation of three tyrosine residues, Tyr(112), Tyr(128), and Tyr(145), in the N terminus of SLP-76 results in severely impaired phosphorylation and activation of Itk and PLCγ1, which leads to defective calcium mobilization, Erk activation, and NFAT activation. To expand our knowledge of the role of N-terminal phosphorylation of SLP-76 from these three tyrosine sites, we characterized nearly 1000 tyrosine phosphorylation sites via mass spectrometry in SLP-76 reconstituted wild-type cells and SLP-76 mutant cells in which three tyrosine residues were replaced with phenylalanines (Y3F mutant). Mutation of the three N-terminal tyrosine residues of SLP-76 phenocopied SLP-76-deficient cells for the majority of tyrosine phosphorylation sites observed, including feedback on proximal T-cell receptor signaling proteins. Meanwhile, reversed phosphorylation changes were observed on Tyr(192) of Lck when we compared mutants to the complete removal of SLP-76. In addition, N-terminal tyrosine sites of SLP-76 also perturbed phosphorylation of Tyr(440) of Fyn, Tyr(702) of PLCγ1, Tyr(204), Tyr(397), and Tyr(69) of ZAP-70, revealing new modes of regulation on these sites. All these findings confirmed the central role of N-terminal tyrosine sites of SLP-76 in the pathway and also shed light on novel signaling events that are uniquely regulated by SLP-76 N-terminal tyrosine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ji
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence, RI 02903
| | - Yiyuan Ding
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence, RI 02903
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence, RI 02903; §Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University Providence, RI 02903
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Ma J, Lu P, Guo A, Cheng S, Zong H, Martin P, Coleman M, Wang YL. Characterization of ibrutinib-sensitive and -resistant mantle lymphoma cells. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:849-61. [PMID: 24957109 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib inhibits Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key component of early B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling pathways. A multicentre phase 2 trial of ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) demonstrated a remarkable response rate. However, approximately one-third of patients have primary resistance to the drug while other patients appear to lose response and develop secondary resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ibrutinib sensitivity is of paramount importance. In this study, we investigated cell lines and primary MCL cells that display differential sensitivity to ibrutinib. We found that the primary cells display a higher BTK activity than normal B cells and MCL cells show differential sensitivity to BTK inhibition. Genetic knockdown of BTK inhibits the growth, survival and proliferation of ibrutinib-sensitive but not resistant MCL cell lines, suggesting that ibrutinib acts through BTK to produce its anti-tumour activities. Interestingly, inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT, but not BTK phosphorylation per se, correlates well with cellular response to BTK inhibition in cell lines as well as in primary tumours. Our study suggests that, to prevent primary resistance or to overcome secondary resistance to BTK inhibition, a combinatory strategy that targets multiple components or multiple pathways may represent the most effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Herman SEM, Niemann CU, Farooqui M, Jones J, Mustafa RZ, Lipsky A, Saba N, Martyr S, Soto S, Valdez J, Gyamfi JA, Maric I, Calvo KR, Pedersen LB, Geisler CH, Liu D, Marti GE, Aue G, Wiestner A. Ibrutinib-induced lymphocytosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlative analyses from a phase II study. Leukemia 2014; 28:2188-96. [PMID: 24699307 PMCID: PMC4185271 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib and other targeted inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling achieve impressive clinical results for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A treatment-induced rise in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has emerged as a class effect of kinase inhibitors in CLL and warrants further investigation. We here report correlative studies in 64 patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib. We quantified tumor burden in blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, assessed phenotypic changes of circulating cells, and measured whole blood viscosity. With just one dose of ibrutinib the average increase in ALC was 66%, and in over 40% of patients the ALC peaked within 24 hours of initiating treatment. Circulating CLL cells on day 2 showed increased Ki67 and CD38 expression, indicating an efflux of tumor cells from the tissue compartments into the blood. The kinetics and degree of the treatment-induced lymphocytosis was highly variable; interestingly in patients with a high baseline ALC the relative increase was mild and resolution rapid. After two cycles of treatment the disease burden in lymph node, bone marrow, and spleen decreased irrespective of the relative change in ALC. Whole blood viscosity was dependent on both ALC and hemoglobin. No adverse events were attributed to the lymphocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C U Niemann
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Farooqui
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Jones
- 1] Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Z Mustafa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Lipsky
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Saba
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Martyr
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Soto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Valdez
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J A Gyamfi
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L B Pedersen
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C H Geisler
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Liu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G E Marti
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Aue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Niemann CU, Wiestner A. B-cell receptor signaling as a driver of lymphoma development and evolution. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:410-21. [PMID: 24060900 PMCID: PMC4208312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) is essential for normal B-cell development and maturation. In an increasing number of B-cell malignancies, BCR signaling is implicated as a pivotal pathway in tumorigenesis. Mechanisms of BCR activation are quite diverse and range from chronic antigenic drive by microbial or viral antigens to autostimulation of B-cells by self-antigens to activating mutations in intracellular components of the BCR pathway. Hepatitis C virus infection can lead to the development of splenic marginal zone lymphoma, while Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In some of these cases, successful treatment of the infection removes the inciting antigen and results in resolution of the lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been recognized for decades as a malignancy of auto-reactive B-cells and its clinical course is in part determined by the differential response of the malignant cells to BCR activation. In a number of B-cell malignancies, activating mutations in signal transduction components of the BCR pathway have been identified; prominent examples are activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) that carry mutations in CD79B and CARD11 and display chronic active BCR signaling resulting in constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway. Despite considerable heterogeneity in biology and clinical course, many mature B-cell malignancies are highly sensitive to kinase inhibitors that disrupt BCR signaling. Thus, targeted therapy through inhibition of BCR signaling is emerging as a new treatment paradigm for many B-cell malignancies. Here, we review the role of the BCR in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies and summarize clinical results of the emerging class of kinase inhibitors that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten U Niemann
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Khan WN, Wright JA, Kleiman E, Boucher JC, Castro I, Clark ES. B-lymphocyte tolerance and effector function in immunity and autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2013; 57:335-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Arita A, McFarland DC, Myklebust JH, Parekh S, Petersen B, Gabrilove J, Brody JD. Signaling pathways in lymphoma: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1549-71. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the fifth most common cancer in the USA. Most lymphomas are classified as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and nearly 95% of these cancers are of B-cell origin. B-cell receptor (BCR) surface expression and BCR functional signaling are critical for survival and proliferation of both healthy B cells, as well as most B-lymphoma cells. Agents that inhibit various components of the BCR signaling pathway, as well as parallel signaling pathways, are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of various lymphoma subtypes, including those targeting isoforms of PI3K, mTOR and BTK. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways in healthy mature B cells, the aberrant signaling in lymphomatous B cells and the rationale for clinical trials of agents targeting these pathways as well as the results of clinical trials to date. We propose that the entry into a kinase inhibitor era of lymphoma therapy will be as transformative for our patients as the advent of the antibody or chemotherapy era before it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arita
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel C McFarland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - June H Myklebust
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital/Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samir Parekh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bruce Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Janice Gabrilove
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute & Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Rankin AL, Seth N, Keegan S, Andreyeva T, Cook TA, Edmonds J, Mathialagan N, Benson MJ, Syed J, Zhan Y, Benoit SE, Miyashiro JS, Wood N, Mohan S, Peeva E, Ramaiah SK, Messing D, Homer BL, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Schnute ME, Douhan J. Selective Inhibition of BTK Prevents Murine Lupus and Antibody-Mediated Glomerulonephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4540-50. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Niemann CU, Jones J, Wiestner A. Towards Targeted Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:259-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pires de Miranda M, Lopes FB, McVey CE, Bustelo XR, Simas JP. Role of Src homology domain binding in signaling complexes assembled by the murid γ-herpesvirus M2 protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3858-70. [PMID: 23258536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Herpesviruses express proteins that modulate B lymphocyte signaling to achieve persistent latent infections. One such protein is the M2 latency-associated protein encoded by the murid herpesvirus-4. M2 has two closely spaced tyrosine residues, Tyr(120) and Tyr(129), which are phosphorylated by Src family tyrosine kinases. Here we used mass spectrometry to identify the binding partners of tyrosine-phosphorylated M2. Each M2 phosphomotif is shown to bind directly and selectively to SH2-containing signaling molecules. Specifically, Src family kinases, NCK1 and Vav1, bound to the Tyr(P)(120) site, PLCγ2 and the SHP2 phosphatase bound to the Tyr(P)(129) motif, and the p85α subunit of PI3K associated with either motif. Consistent with these data, we show that M2 coordinates the formation of multiprotein complexes with these proteins. The effect of those interactions is functionally bivalent, because it can result in either the phosphorylation of a subset of binding proteins (Vav1 and PLCγ2) or in the inactivation of downstream targets (AKT). Finally, we show that translocation to the plasma membrane and subsequent M2 tyrosine phosphorylation relies on the integrity of a C-terminal proline-rich SH3 binding region of M2 and its interaction with Src family kinases. Unlike other γ-herpesviruses, that encode transmembrane proteins that mimic the activation of ITAMs, murid herpesvirus-4 perturbs B cell signaling using a cytoplasmic/membrane shuttling factor that nucleates the assembly of signaling complexes using a bilayered mechanism of phosphotyrosine and proline-rich anchoring motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pires de Miranda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cao L, Ding Y, Hung N, Yu K, Ritz A, Raphael BJ, Salomon AR. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals SLP-76 dependent regulation of PAG and Src family kinases in T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46725. [PMID: 23071622 PMCID: PMC3469622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) plays a critical scaffolding role in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. As an adaptor protein that contains multiple protein-binding domains, SLP-76 interacts with many signaling molecules and links proximal receptor stimulation to downstream effectors. The function of SLP-76 in TCR signaling has been widely studied using the Jurkat human leukaemic T cell line through protein disruption or site-directed mutagenesis. However, a wide-scale characterization of SLP-76-dependant phosphorylation events is still lacking. Quantitative profiling of over a hundred tyrosine phosphorylation sites revealed new modes of regulation of phosphorylation of PAG, PI3K, and WASP while reconfirming previously established regulation of Itk, PLCγ, and Erk phosphorylation by SLP-76. The absence of SLP-76 also perturbed the phosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) Lck and Fyn, and subsequently a large number of SFK-regulated signaling molecules. Altogether our data suggests unique modes of regulation of positive and negative feedback pathways in T cells by SLP-76, reconfirming its central role in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Yiyuan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Norris Hung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kebing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Anna Ritz
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Arthur R. Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Advani RH, Buggy JJ, Sharman JP, Smith SM, Boyd TE, Grant B, Kolibaba KS, Furman RR, Rodriguez S, Chang BY, Sukbuntherng J, Izumi R, Hamdy A, Hedrick E, Fowler NH. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2012; 31:88-94. [PMID: 23045577 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.42.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Survival and progression of mature B-cell malignancies depend on signals from the B-cell antigen receptor, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical signaling kinase in this pathway. We evaluated ibrutinib (PCI-32765), a small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of BTK, in patients with B-cell malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia received escalating oral doses of ibrutinib. Two schedules were evaluated: one, 28 days on, 7 days off; and two, once-daily continuous dosing. Occupancy of BTK by ibrutinib in peripheral blood was monitored using a fluorescent affinity probe. Dose escalation proceeded until either the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was achieved or, in the absence of MTD, until three dose levels above full BTK occupancy by ibrutinib. Response was evaluated every two cycles. RESULTS Fifty-six patients with a variety of B-cell malignancies were treated over seven cohorts. Most adverse events were grade 1 and 2 in severity and self-limited. Dose-limiting events were not observed, even with prolonged dosing. Full occupancy of the BTK active site occurred at 2.5 mg/kg per day, and dose escalation continued to 12.5 mg/kg per day without reaching MTD. Pharmacokinetic data indicated rapid absorption and elimination, yet BTK occupancy was maintained for at least 24 hours, consistent with the irreversible mechanism. Objective response rate in 50 evaluable patients was 60%, including complete response of 16%. Median progression-free survival in all patients was 13.6 months. CONCLUSION Ibrutinib, a novel BTK-targeting inhibitor, is well tolerated, with substantial activity across B-cell histologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana H Advani
- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5821, USA.
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SCHNUTE MARKE, HUANG ADRIAN, SAIAH EDDINE. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk). ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec family of kinases. Btk is critical for B-cell development, differentiation and signalling through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) as is evident by its genetic association to a human primary immunodeficiency disease known as X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Btk is also present in specific cells of the myeloid lineage and contributes to the activation of the FcγR and FcεR signalling pathways in macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells. Because of its key role in these pathways, Btk is considered a promising target for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Numerous research groups are actively working to identify Btk inhibitors through the targeting of inactive kinase conformations or covalent active site inhibition. Both strategies have benefited from the rapid growth in structural biology insight for the target. Recently discovered potent and orally bioavailable Btk inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in several pre-clinical animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These results, coupled with promising initial findings from the study of Btk inhibitors in human clinical trials for oncology, strongly suggest Btk intervention offers significant potential as a treatment strategy in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK E. SCHNUTE
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc. 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge, MA 02140 USA
| | - ADRIAN HUANG
- Department of Chemistry Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA
| | - EDDINE SAIAH
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc. 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge, MA 02140 USA
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Deng C, Lee S, O'Connor OA. New Strategies in the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3499-508. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reichenberger EJ, Levine MA, Olsen BR, Papadaki ME, Lietman SA. The role of SH3BP2 in the pathophysiology of cherubism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 22640988 PMCID: PMC3359958 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cherubism is a rare bone dysplasia that is characterized by symmetrical bone resorption limited to the jaws. Bone lesions are filled with soft fibrous giant cell-rich tissue that can expand and cause severe facial deformity. The disorder typically begins in children at ages of 2-5 years and the bone resorption and facial swelling continues until puberty; in most cases the lesions regress spontaneously thereafter. Most patients with cherubism have germline mutations in the gene encoding SH3BP2, an adapter protein involved in adaptive and innate immune response signaling. A mouse model carrying a Pro416Arg mutation in SH3BP2 develops osteopenia and expansile lytic lesions in bone and some soft tissue organs. In this review we discuss the genetics of cherubism, the biological functions of SH3BP2 and the analysis of the mouse model. The data suggest that the underlying cause for cherubism is a systemic autoinflammatory response to physiologic challenges despite the localized appearance of bone resorption and fibrous expansion to the jaws in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Winer ES, Ingham RR, Castillo JJ. PCI-32765: a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:355-61. [PMID: 22300471 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.656199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been a significant paradigm shift in the manner in which lymphoid malignancies are treated and managed. Treatment has been moving away from conventional chemotherapy and towards targeted therapy. The success of new classes of agents such as monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory derivatives has sparked further searches for novel pathways to inhibit. The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) pathway is a downstream mediator of the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway, which is crucial in B-cell production and maintenance, and a potential therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review will summarize the current knowledge of the Btk pathway and its role in lymphoid malignancies. It will also discuss the present data about PCI-32765 in both the preclinical and clinical setting. EXPERT OPINION PCI-32765 is an oral irreversible Btk inhibitor with high potency and both preclinical and clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Phase I studies have demonstrated that it is well tolerated and has an excellent safety profile. Further studies are ongoing as a single agent and in combination with other targeted and conventional therapies. PCI-32765 is a very promising targeted therapy, and the data from these trials will ultimately decide its future role and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Winer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) has been implicated in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during bacterial infection and sepsis. For downstream signal transduction, TREM-1 is coupled to the ITAM-containing adaptor DAP12. Here, we demonstrate that Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), a member of the Tec kinases, becomes phosphorylated upon TREM-1 triggering. In U937-derived cell lines, in which expression of Btk was diminished by shRNA-mediated knockdown, phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and PLCγ1 and Ca²⁺ mobilization were reduced after TREM-1 stimulation. Importantly, TREM-1-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, and up-regulation of activation/differentiation cell surface markers were impaired in Btk knockdown cells. Similar results were obtained upon TREM-1 stimulation of BMDCs of Btk(-/-) mice. The analysis of cells containing Btk mutants revealed that intact membrane localization and a functional kinase domain were required for TREM-1-mediated signaling. Finally, after TREM-1 engagement, TNF-α production by PBMCs was reduced in the majority of patients suffering from X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a rare hereditary disease caused by mutations in the BTK gene. In conclusion, our data identify Btk as a positive regulator in the ITAM-mediated TREM-1/DAP12 pathway and suggest its implication in inflammatory processes.
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Mayanglambam A, Dangelmaier CA, Thomas D, Damodar Reddy C, Daniel JL, Kunapuli SP. Curcumin inhibits GPVI-mediated platelet activation by interfering with the kinase activity of Syk and the subsequent activation of PLCgamma2. Platelets 2011; 21:211-20. [PMID: 20158382 DOI: 10.3109/09537100903528269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a herbal remedy and culinary spice, has been used in traditional Indian culture for millennia. An active ingredient found in turmeric is curcumin (diferuloylmethane). In the current study, we investigated the antiplatelet properties of this naturally occurring compound. Curcumin inhibited human platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by GPVI agonist convulxin in a concentration-dependent manner. At 50 microM, it effectively inhibited the maximal extent of aggregation and dense granule secretion to as much as 75%. It also dramatically inhibited the activation-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Y753 and Y759 on PLCgamma2, but did not affect the phosphorylation of Y145 residue on the cytosolic adaptor protein SLP-76. Interestingly, curcumin had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of Y525/Y526 present on the activation loop of Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase), but had a significant inhibitory effect on in vitro Syk kinase activity. Moreover, the inhibitory action of curcumin is not due to an inhibition of thromboxane generation because all our studies were performed using aspirin-treated platelets. We conclude that curcumin inhibits platelet activation induced by GPVI agonists through interfering with the kinase activity of Syk and the subsequent activation of PLCgamma2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Mayanglambam
- Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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48
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Specific Btk inhibition suppresses B cell- and myeloid cell-mediated arthritis. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 7:41-50. [PMID: 21113169 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Btk mediates inflammation are poorly understood. Here we describe the discovery of CGI1746, a small-molecule Btk inhibitor chemotype with a new binding mode that stabilizes an inactive nonphosphorylated enzyme conformation. CGI1746 has exquisite selectivity for Btk and inhibits both auto- and transphosphorylation steps necessary for enzyme activation. Using CGI1746, we demonstrate that Btk regulates inflammatory arthritis by two distinct mechanisms. CGI1746 blocks B cell receptor-dependent B cell proliferation and in prophylactic regimens reduces autoantibody levels in collagen-induced arthritis. In macrophages, Btk inhibition abolishes FcγRIII-induced TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 production. Accordingly, in myeloid- and FcγR-dependent autoantibody-induced arthritis, CGI1746 decreases cytokine levels within joints and ameliorates disease. These results provide new understanding of the function of Btk in both B cell- or myeloid cell-driven disease processes and provide a compelling rationale for targeting Btk in rheumatoid arthritis.
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49
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Gresset A, Hicks SN, Harden TK, Sondek J. Mechanism of phosphorylation-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma isozymes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35836-47. [PMID: 20807769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipase activity of most phospholipases C (PLCs) is basally repressed by a highly degenerate and mostly disordered X/Y linker inserted within the catalytic domain. Release of this auto-inhibition is driven by electrostatic repulsion between the plasma membrane and the electronegative X/Y linker. In contrast, PLC-γ isozymes (PLC-γ1 and -γ2) are structurally distinct from other PLCs because multiple domains are present in their X/Y linker. Moreover, although many tyrosine kinases directly phosphorylate PLC-γ isozymes to enhance their lipase activity, the underlying molecular mechanism of this activation remains unclear. Here we define the mechanism for the unique regulation of PLC-γ isozymes by their X/Y linker. Specifically, we identify the C-terminal SH2 domain within the X/Y linker as the critical determinant for auto-inhibition. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the X/Y linker mediates high affinity intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal SH2 domain that is coupled to a large conformational rearrangement and release of auto-inhibition. Consequently, PLC-γ isozymes link phosphorylation to phospholipase activation by elaborating upon primordial regulatory mechanisms found in other PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Gresset
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA
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50
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Misra RS, Shi G, Moreno-Garcia ME, Thankappan A, Tighe M, Mousseau B, Kusser K, Becker-Herman S, Hudkins KL, Dunn R, Kehry MR, Migone TS, Marshak-Rothstein A, Simon M, Randall TD, Alpers CE, Liggitt D, Rawlings DJ, Lund FE. G alpha q-containing G proteins regulate B cell selection and survival and are required to prevent B cell-dependent autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1775-89. [PMID: 20624888 PMCID: PMC2916136 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Survival of mature B cells is regulated by B cell receptor and BAFFR-dependent signals. We show that B cells from mice lacking the Gαq subunit of trimeric G proteins (Gnaq−/− mice) have an intrinsic survival advantage over normal B cells, even in the absence of BAFF. Gnaq−/− B cells develop normally in the bone marrow but inappropriately survive peripheral tolerance checkpoints, leading to the accumulation of transitional, marginal zone, and follicular B cells, many of which are autoreactive. Gnaq−/− chimeric mice rapidly develop arthritis as well as other manifestations of systemic autoimmune disease. Importantly, we demonstrate that the development of the autoreactive B cell compartment is the result of an intrinsic defect in Gnaq−/− B cells, resulting in the aberrant activation of the prosurvival factor Akt. Together, these data show for the first time that signaling through trimeric G proteins is critically important for maintaining control of peripheral B cell tolerance induction and repressing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Misra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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