1
|
Zhou Y, Shen H, Wu Y, Zhao X, Pei J, Mou Z, Dong J, Hua X. Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Enhances the Beneficial Effect of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplant on Endometrial Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:52. [PMID: 32154246 PMCID: PMC7047166 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy on treatment using bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) transplant for uterine horn damage, and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Uterine horn damage was established in a rat model, which can be repaired by transplant using BMSCs receiving control or PRP treatment. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate thickness and expression of α-SMA and vWF in the regenerated endometrium tissues. mRNA and proteins of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured both in the regenerated endometrium tissues and in cultured BMSCs to evaluate the effect of PRP treatment on their expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the secretory levels of IL-10 in cultured BMSCs. Multi-differentiation assays were performed to address the effect of PRP treatment on tri-lineage potential of cultured BMSCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were applied to analyze NF-κB subunit p50 binding on IL-10 promoter and the resulted regulatory effect. PRP treatment significantly improved the efficacy of BMSC transplant in repairing uterine horn damage of rats, and elevated IGF-1 and IL-10 expression in regenerated endometrium tissues and cultured BMSCs, as well as enhanced tri-lineage differentiation potential of BMSCs. On the other hand, p50 inhibition and silencing suppressed the PRP-induced expression and secretion of IL-10 without affecting IGF-1 in the BMSCs. Furthermore, p50 was able to directly bind to IL-10 promoter to promote its expression. Data in the current study propose a working model, where PRP therapy improves endometrial regeneration of uterine horn damage in rats after BMSC transplant therapy, likely mediated through the NF-κB signaling pathway subunit p50 to directly induce the expression and production of IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxiang Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuelin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindan Pei
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqian Mou
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eijo G, Gottardo MF, Jaita G, Magri ML, Moreno Ayala M, Zárate S, Candolfi M, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Lack of Oestrogenic Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Somatolactotroph Tumour Cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:692-701. [PMID: 26052658 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. We have previously shown that oestrogens sensitise normal anterior pituitary cells to the apoptotic effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the present study, we examined whether oestrogens also modulate the NF-κB signalling pathway and apoptosis in GH3 cells, a rat somatolactotroph tumour cell line. As determined by Western blotting, 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) (10(-9) m) increased the nuclear concentration of NF-κB/p105, p65 and p50 in GH3 cells. However, E2 did not modify the expression of Bcl-xL, a NF-κB target gene. TNF-α induced apoptosis of GH3 cells incubated in either the presence or absence of E2 . Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway using BAY 11-7082 (BAY) (5 μm) decreased the viability of GH3 cells and increased the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive GH3 cells. BAY also increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis of GH3 cells, an effect that was further increased by an inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway, SP600125 (10 μm). We also analysed the role of the NF-κB signalling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 tumours in vivo. The administration of BAY to nude mice bearing GH3 tumours increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and decreased the number of proliferating GH3 cells. These findings suggest that GH3 cells lose their oestrogenic inhibitory action on the NF-κB pathway and that the pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α on these tumour pituitary cells does not require sensitisation by oestrogens as occurs in normal pituitary cells. NF-κB was required for the survival of GH3 cells, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could interfere with pituitary tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Gottardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Magri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Moreno Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cohen S, Ciechanover A, Kravtsova-Ivantsiv Y, Lapid D, Lahav-Baratz S. ABIN-1 negatively regulates NF-kappaB by inhibiting processing of the p105 precursor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:205-10. [PMID: 19695220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p105 plays dual roles in NF-kappaB signaling: in its precursor form it inhibits NF-kappaB activation, but limited processing by the ubiquitin system generates the p50 active subunit of the transcription factor. Here we show that ABIN-1, an A20-binding protein that is also known to attenuate NF-kappaB activation, inhibits p105 processing. p105 and ABIN-1 physically interact with one another, but the binding is not necessary for inhibition of processing. Rather, it appears to stabilize ABIN-1 and to increase its level, which further augments its inhibitory effect. Deletion of the processing inhibitory domain (PID) of p105 abrogates the inhibition which also requires the ABIN homology domain (AHD)-2 of ABIN-1. Together, the effects of ABIN-1 on p105 processing and of p105 on stabilizing ABIN-1 act to potentiate the NF-kappaB inhibitory activity of ABIN-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Cohen
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pang J, Zeng X, Xiao RP, Lakatta EG, Lin L. Design, generation, and testing of mammalian expression modules that tag membrane proteins. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1261-71. [PMID: 19472344 DOI: 10.1002/pro.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The expression of mammalian membrane proteins in laboratory cell lines allows their biological functions to be characterized and carefully dissected. However, it is often difficult to design and generate effective antibodies for membrane proteins in the desired studies. As a result, expressed membrane proteins cannot be detected or characterized via common biochemical approaches such as western blotting, immunoprecipitation, or immunohistochemical analysis, and their cellular behaviors cannot be sufficiently investigated. To circumvent such roadblocks, we designed and generated two sets of expression modules that consist of sequences encoding for three essential components: (1) a signal peptide from human receptor for advanced glycation end products that targets the intended protein to the endoplasmic reticulum for cell surface expression; (2) an antigenic epitope tag that elicits specific antibody recognition; and (3) a series of restriction sites that facilitate subcloning of the target membrane protein. The modules were designed with the flexibility to change the epitope tag to suit the specific tagging needs. The modules were subcloned into expression vectors, and were successfully tested with both Type I and Type III human membrane proteins: the receptor for advanced glycation end products, the Toll-like receptor 4, and the angiotensin II receptor 1. These expressed membrane proteins are readily detected by western blotting, and are immunoprecipitated by antibodies to their relative epitope tags. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses also show that the expressed proteins are located at cell surface, and maintain their modifications and biological functions. Thus, the designed modules serve as an effective tool that facilitates biochemical studies of membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Pang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan KA, Coaquette A, Davrinche C, Herbein G. Bcl-3-regulated transcription from major immediate-early promoter of human cytomegalovirus in monocyte-derived macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7784-94. [PMID: 19494302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are key cells in the pathogenesis of human CMV (HCMV) infection, but the in vitro rate of viral production in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) is considerably lower than in fibroblasts. Considering that the NF-kappaB signaling pathway is potentially involved in the replication strategy of HCMV through efficient transactivation of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP), efficient viral replication, and late gene expression, we investigated the composition of the NF-kappaB complex in HCMV-infected MDMs and fibroblasts. Preliminary studies showed that HCMV could grow in primary MDM culture but that the viral titer in culture supernatants was lower than that observed in the supernatants of more permissive MRC5 fibroblasts. EMSA and microwell colorimetric NF-kappaB assay demonstrated that HCMV infection of MDMs increased p52 binding activity without activating the canonical p50/p65 complex. Moreover, Bcl-3 was up-regulated and was demonstrated to associate with p52, indicating p52/Bcl-3 complexes as the major component of the NF-kappaB complex in MDMs. Luciferase assays in promonocytic U937 cells transfected with an MIEP-luciferase reporter construct demonstrated MIEP activation in response to p52 and Bcl-3 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that p52 and Bcl-3 bind the MIEP in acutely HCMV-infected MDMs. In contrast, HCMV infection of MRC5 fibroblasts resulted in activation of p50/p65 heterodimers. Thus, activation of p52/Bcl-3 complexes in MDMs and p50/p65 heterodimers in fibroblasts in response to HCMV infection might explain the low-level growth of the virus in MDMs vs efficient growth in fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Virology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 133, Equipe d'Accueil 3186, Franche-Comté University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu DX, Tanhehco YC, Chen J, Foss CA, Fox JJ, Lemas V, Chong JM, Ambinder RF, Pomper MG. Virus-associated tumor imaging by induction of viral gene expression. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:1453-8. [PMID: 17332288 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EBV and other herpesviruses are associated with a variety of malignancies. The EBV thymidine kinase (TK) is either not expressed or is expressed at very low levels in EBV-associated tumors. However, EBV-TK expression can be induced in vitro with several chemotherapeutic agents that promote viral lytic induction. The goal of this study is to image EBV-associated tumors by induction of viral TK expression with radiolabeled 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-5-iodouracil-arabinofuranoside (FIAU). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunoblot, luciferase reporter assay, and in vitro assay with [(14)C]FIAU were used to show the effects of bortezomib on the induction of lytic gene expression of EBV-associated tumor cells. In vivo imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies with [(125)I]FIAU on EBV-associated tumors were done to visualize and confirm, respectively, the EBV(+) tumor-specific effects of bortezomib. RESULTS In vitro assays with [(14)C]FIAU and ex vivo biodistribution studies with [(125)I]FIAU showed that uptake and retention of radiolabeled FIAU was specific for cells that express EBV-TK. Planar gamma imaging of EBV(+) Burkitt's lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice showed [(125)I]FIAU localization within tumors following treatment with bortezomib. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the feasibility of imaging chemotherapy-mediated viral lytic induction by radiopharmaceutical-based techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Xue Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to the collection of reviews on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). It provides an overview of the discovery and current status of NF-kappaB as a research topic. Described are the structures, activities and regulation of the proteins in the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. NF-kappaB signaling is primarily regulated by inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) proteins and the IkappaB kinase complex through two major pathways: the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways. The organization and focus of articles included in the following reviews are described, as well as likely future areas of research interest on NF-kappaB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Gilmore
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lodde BM, Baum BJ, Tak PP, Illei G. Experience with experimental biological treatment and local gene therapy in Sjogren's syndrome: implications for exocrine pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1406-13. [PMID: 16880196 PMCID: PMC1798364 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.052761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune exocrinopathy, mainly affecting the lacrimal and salivary glands, and resulting in ocular and oral dryness (keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia). The aetiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown, and only palliative treatment is currently available. Data obtained from experimental animal and human studies using biological agents or gene therapeutics can offer insight into the disease process of Sjögren's syndrome. This article reviews the current literature on these approaches and assesses the lessons learnt about the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Lodde
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch/NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 1N114, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tong Q, Zheng L, Lin L, Li B, Wang D, Huang C, Matuschak GM, Li D. Participation of the PI-3K/Akt-NF-kappa B signaling pathways in hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor-stimulated Flk-1 expression in endothelial cells. Respir Res 2006; 7:101. [PMID: 16872509 PMCID: PMC1570355 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), a lung-specific growth factor, promotes vascular tubule formation in a matrigel plug model. We initially found that HIMF enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in lung epithelial cells. In present work, we tested whether HIMF modulates expression of fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) in endothelial cells, and dissected the possible signaling pathways that link HIMF to Flk-1 upregulation. Methods Recombinant HIMF protein was intratracheally instilled into adult mouse lungs, Flk-1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The promoter-luciferase reporter assay and real-time RT-PCR were performed to examine the effects of HIMF on Flk-1 expression in mouse endothelial cell line SVEC 4–10. The activation of NF-kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of Akt, IKK, and IκBα were examined by luciferase assay and Western blot, respectively. Results Intratracheal instillation of HIMF protein resulted in a significant increase of Flk-1 production in lung tissues. Stimulation of SVEC 4–10 cells by HIMF resulted in increased phosphorylation of IKK and IκBα, leading to activation of NF-κB. Blocking NF-κB signaling pathway by dominant-negative mutants of IKK and IκBα suppressed HIMF-induced Flk-1 upregulation. Mutation or deletion of NF-κB binding site within Flk-1 promoter also abolished HIMF-induced Flk-1 expression in SVEC 4–10 cells. Furthermore, HIMF strongly induced phosphorylation of Akt. A dominant-negative mutant of PI-3K, Δp85, as well as PI-3K inhibitor LY294002, blocked HIMF-induced NF-κB activation and attenuated Flk-1 production. Conclusion These results suggest that HIMF upregulates Flk-1 expression in endothelial cells in a PI-3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway-dependent manner, and may play critical roles in pulmonary angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Danming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - George M Matuschak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao S, Zhang X, Edwards JP, Mosser DM. NF-kappaB1 (p50) homodimers differentially regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26041-50. [PMID: 16835236 PMCID: PMC2642587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602222200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB/Rel is a family of transcription factors whose activation has long been linked to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we studied NF-kappaB signaling in the regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). We identified a role for a single NF-kappaB family member, NF-kappaB1 (p50), in promoting the transcription of IL-10. The NF-kappaB ciselement on IL-10 proximal promoter was located to -55/-46, where p50 can homodimerize and form a complex with the transcriptional co-activator CREB-binding protein to activate transcription. The other Rel family members appear to play a negligible role in IL-10 transcription. Mice lacking p50 were more susceptible to lethal endotoxemia, and macrophages taken from p50-/- mice exhibit skewed cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide, characterized by decreased IL-10 and increased tumor necrosis factor and IL-12. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that NF-kappaB1 (p50) homodimers can be transcriptional activators of IL-10. The reciprocal regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by NF-kappaB1 (p50) may provide potential new ways to manipulate the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David M. Mosser
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 1103 Microbiology Bldg., College Park, MD 20742. Tel.: 301-314-2594; Fax: 301-314-9489; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tong Q, Zheng L, Lin L, Li B, Wang D, Li D. Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor promotes vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression via the PI-3K/Akt-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35:444-56. [PMID: 16709959 PMCID: PMC2643264 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0424oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), also known as FIZZ1 (found in inflammatory zone 1), is an important player in lung inflammation. However, the effects of HIMF on cell adhesion molecules involved in lung inflammation remain largely unknown. In the present work, we tested whether HIMF modulates vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, and dissected the possible signaling pathways that link HIMF to VCAM-1 upregulation. Recombinant HIMF protein, instilled intratracheally into adult mouse lungs, results in a significant increase of VCAM-1 production in vascular endothelial, alveolar type II, and airway epithelial cells. In cultured mouse endothelial SVEC 4-10 and lung epithelial MLE-12 cells, we demonstrated that HIMF induces VCAM-1 expression via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)/Akt-nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway. Knockdown of HIMF expression by small interference RNA attenuated LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression in vitro. We showed that HIMF induced phosphorylation of the IkappaB kinase signalsome and, subsequently, IkappaBalpha, leading to activation of NF-kappaB. Meanwhile, VCAM-1 production was correspondingly upregulated. Blocking NF-kappaB signaling pathway by expression of dominant-negative mutants of IkappaB kinase and IkappaBalpha suppressed HIMF-induced VCAM-1 upregulation. HIMF also strongly induced phosphorylation of Akt. A dominant-negative mutant of PI-3K, Deltap85, as well as PI-3K inhibitor, LY294002, also blocked HIMF-induced NF-kappaB activation and attenuated VCAM-1 production. Furthermore, LY294002 pretreatment abolished HIMF-enhanced mononuclear cells adhesion to endothelial and epithelial cells. Our findings connect HIMF to signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, and thus reveal the critical roles that HIMF plays in lung inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University, 7th Floor, Desloge Towers, MO 63110-2539, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moorthy AK, Savinova OV, Ho JQ, Wang VYF, Vu D, Ghosh G. The 20S proteasome processes NF-kappaB1 p105 into p50 in a translation-independent manner. EMBO J 2006; 25:1945-56. [PMID: 16619030 PMCID: PMC1456938 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-kappaB p50 is the N-terminal processed product of the precursor, p105. It has been suggested that p50 is generated not from full-length p105 but cotranslationally from incompletely synthesized molecules by the proteasome. We show that the 20S proteasome endoproteolytically cleaves the fully synthesized p105 and selectively degrades the C-terminus of p105, leading to p50 generation in a ubiquitin-independent manner. As small as 25 residues C-terminus to the site of processing are sufficient to promote processing in vivo. However, any p105 mutant that lacks complete ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) is processed aberrantly, suggesting that native processing must occur from a precursor, which extends beyond the ARD. Remarkably, the mutant p105 that lacks the internal region including the glycine-rich region (GRR) is completely degraded by 20S proteasome in vitro. This suggests that the GRR impedes the complete degradation of the p105 precursor, thus contributing to p50 generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu K Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olga V Savinova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Q Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don Vu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA. Tel.: +1 858 822 0375; Fax: +1 858 822 1408; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tong Q, Zheng L, Lin L, Li B, Wang D, Huang C, Li D. VEGF is upregulated by hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor via the PI-3K/Akt-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Respir Res 2006; 7:37. [PMID: 16512910 PMCID: PMC1434739 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) is developmentally regulated and plays an important role in lung pathogenesis. We initially found that HIMF promotes vascular tubule formation in a matrigel plug model. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms which HIMF enhances expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung tissues and epithelial cells. Methods Recombinant HIMF protein was intratracheally instilled into adult mouse lungs, VEGF expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. The promoter-luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to examine the effects of HIMF on VEGF expression in mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE-12. The activation of NF-kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of Akt, IKK and IκBα were examined by luciferase assay and Western blot, respectively. Results Intratracheal instillation of HIMF protein resulted in significant increase of VEGF, mainly localized to airway epithelial and alveolar type II cells. Deletion of NF-κB binding sites within VEGF promoter abolished HIMF-induced VEGF expression in MLE-12 cells, suggesting that activation of NF-κB is essential for VEGF upregulation induced by HIMF. Stimulation of lung epithelial cells by HIMF resulted in phosphorylation of IKK and IκBα, leading to activation of NF-κB. In addition, HIMF strongly induced Akt phosphorylation, and suppression of Akt activation by specific inhibitors and dominant negative mutants for PI-3K, and IKK or IκBα blocked HIMF-induced NF-κB activation and attenuated HIMF-induced VEGF production. Conclusion These results suggest that HIMF enhances VEGF production in mouse lung epithelial cells in a PI-3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway-dependent manner, and may play critical roles in pulmonary angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Danming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Demarchi F, Bertoli C, Greer PA, Schneider C. Ceramide triggers an NF-kappaB-dependent survival pathway through calpain. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:512-22. [PMID: 15933726 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that C2 ceramide, a cell-permeable analog of this lipid second messenger, triggers an NF-kappaB dependent survival pathway that counteracts cell death. Activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent induction of prosurvival genes relies on calpain activity and is prevented on silencing of the calpain small subunit (Capn4) that is required for the function of ubiquitous calpains. We have demonstrated that p105 (NF-kappaB1) and its proteolytic product p50 can be targets of micro- and milli-calpain in vitro and that a p50 deletion mutant, lacking both the N- and the C-terminal ends, is resistant to calpain-mediated degradation. Capn4 silencing results in stabilization of endogenous p105 and p50 in diverse human cell lines. Furthermore, p105 processing and activation of NF-kappaB survival genes in response to C2 ceramide is impaired in Capn4-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts defective in calpain activity. Altogether, these data argue for the existence of a ceramide-calpain-NF-kappaB axis with prosurvival functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Demarchi
- L.N.C.I.B. Laboratorio Nazionale Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|