1
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Intermolecular interaction study of Ag-amino acid biomolecular complex using vibrational spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory method. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Williams HF, Layfield HJ, Vallance T, Patel K, Bicknell AB, Trim SA, Vaiyapuri S. The Urgent Need to Develop Novel Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Snakebites. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E363. [PMID: 31226842 PMCID: PMC6628419 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a priority neglected tropical disease, which kills in excess of 100,000 people per year. Additionally, many millions of survivors also suffer through disabilities and long-term health consequences. The only treatment for SBE, antivenom, has a number of major associated problems, not least, adverse reactions and limited availability. This emphasises the necessity for urgent improvements to the management of this disease. Administration of antivenom is too frequently based on symptomatology, which results in wasting crucial time. The majority of SBE-affected regions rely on broad-spectrum polyvalent antivenoms that have a low content of case-specific efficacious immunoglobulins. Research into small molecular therapeutics such as varespladib/methyl-varespladib (PLA2 inhibitors) and batimastat/marimastat (metalloprotease inhibitors) suggest that such adjunctive treatments could be hugely beneficial to victims. Progress into toxin-specific monoclonal antibodies as well as alternative binding scaffolds such as aptamers hold much promise for future treatment strategies. SBE is not implicit during snakebite, due to venom metering. Thus, the delay between bite and symptom presentation is critical and when symptoms appear it may often already be too late to effectively treat SBE. The development of reliable diagnostical tools could therefore initiate a paradigm shift in the treatment of SBE. While the complete eradication of SBE is an impossibility, mitigation is in the pipeline, with new treatments and diagnostics rapidly emerging. Here we critically review the urgent necessity for the development of diagnostic tools and improved therapeutics to mitigate the deaths and disabilities caused by SBE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Vallance
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK.
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK.
| | - Andrew B Bicknell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK.
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3
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RK, the first scorpion peptide with dual disintegrin activity on α1β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1777-1788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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4
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Morjen M, Othman H, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Messadi E, Jebali J, El Ayeb M, Abid NS, Luis J, Marrakchi N. Targeting α1 inserted domain (I) of α1β1 integrin by Lebetin 2 from M. lebetina transmediterranea venom decreased tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:790-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Nunes AM, Minetti CASA, Remeta DP, Baum J. Magnesium Activates Microsecond Dynamics to Regulate Integrin-Collagen Recognition. Structure 2018; 26:1080-1090.e5. [PMID: 29937357 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors bind collagen via metal-mediated interactions that are modulated by magnesium (Mg2+) levels in the extracellular matrix. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based relaxation experiments, isothermal titration calorimetry, and adhesion assays reveal that Mg2+ functions as both a structural anchor and dynamic switch of the α1β1 integrin I domain (α1I). Specifically, Mg2+ binding activates micro- to millisecond timescale motions of residues distal to the binding site, particularly those surrounding the salt bridge at helix 7 and near the metal ion-dependent adhesion site. Mutagenesis of these residues impacts α1I functional activity, thereby suggesting that Mg-bound α1I dynamics are important for collagen binding and consequent allosteric rearrangement of the low-affinity closed to high-affinity open conformation. We propose a multistep recognition mechanism for α1I-Mg-collagen interactions involving both conformational selection and induced-fit processes. Our findings unravel the multifaceted role of Mg2+ in integrin-collagen recognition and assist in elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which metals regulate protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monica Nunes
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Conceição A S A Minetti
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - David P Remeta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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6
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Brown KL, Banerjee S, Feigley A, Abe H, Blackwell TS, Pozzi A, Hudson BG, Zent R. Salt-bridge modulates differential calcium-mediated ligand binding to integrin α1- and α2-I domains. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2916. [PMID: 29440721 PMCID: PMC5811549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane cell-extracellular matrix adhesion receptors that impact many cellular functions. A subgroup of integrins contain an inserted (I) domain within the α–subunits (αI) that mediate ligand recognition where function is contingent on binding a divalent cation at the metal ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Ca2+ is reported to promote α1I but inhibit α2I ligand binding. We co-crystallized individual I-domains with MIDAS-bound Ca2+ and report structures at 1.4 and 2.15 Å resolution, respectively. Both structures are in the “closed” ligand binding conformation where Ca2+ induces minimal global structural changes. Comparisons with Mg2+-bound structures reveal Mg2+ and Ca2+ bind α1I in a manner sufficient to promote ligand binding. In contrast, Ca2+ is displaced in the α2I domain MIDAS by 1.4 Å relative to Mg2+ and unable to directly coordinate all MIDAS residues. We identified an E152-R192 salt bridge hypothesized to limit the flexibility of the α2I MIDAS, thus, reducing Ca2+ binding. A α2I E152A construct resulted in a 10,000-fold increase in Mg2+ and Ca2+ binding affinity while increasing binding to collagen ligands 20%. These data indicate the E152-R192 salt bridge is a key distinction in the molecular mechanism of differential ion binding of these two I domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA. .,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA. .,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Andrew Feigley
- Leadership Alliance, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA
| | - Hanna Abe
- Aspirnaut Summer research program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Aspirnaut Summer research program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2372, USA.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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7
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Jia Z, Ackroyd C, Han T, Agrawal V, Liu Y, Christensen K, Dominy B. Effects from metal ion in tumor endothelial marker 8 and anthrax protective antigen: BioLayer Interferometry experiment and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1183-1190. [PMID: 28437008 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the anthrax receptors, tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), is reported to be a potential anticancer target due to its over-expression during tumor angiogenesis. To extend our BioLayer Interferometry study in PA-TEM8 binding, we present a computational approach to reveal the role of an integral metal ion on receptor structure and binding thermodynamics. We estimated the interaction energy between PA and TEM8 using computer simulation. Consistent with experimental study, computational results indicate the metal ion in TEM8 contributes significantly to the binding affinity, and PA-TEM8 binding is more favorable in the presence of Mg2+ than Ca2+ . Further, computational analysis suggests that the differences in PA-TEM8 binding affinity are comparable to the closely related integrin proteins. The conformation change, which linked to changes in activity of integrins, was not found in TEM8. In the present of Mg2+ , TEM8 remains in a conformation analogous to an integrin open (high-affinity) conformation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jia
- Clemson University Department of Chemistry, 309 Hunter Lab Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Christine Ackroyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C205 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Tingting Han
- Clemson University Department of Chemistry, 309 Hunter Lab Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Vibhor Agrawal
- Clemson University Department of Chemistry, 309 Hunter Lab Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Yinling Liu
- Clemson University Department of Chemistry, 309 Hunter Lab Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Kenneth Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, C205 BNSN, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - Brian Dominy
- Clemson University Department of Chemistry, 309 Hunter Lab Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
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8
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Nunes AM, Zhu J, Jezioro J, Minetti CASA, Remeta DP, Farndale RW, Hamaia SW, Baum J. Intrinsic local destabilization of the C-terminus predisposes integrin α1 I domain to a conformational switch induced by collagen binding. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1672-81. [PMID: 27342747 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-collagen interactions play a critical role in a myriad of cellular functions that include immune response, and cell development and differentiation, yet their mechanism of binding is poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that conformational flexibility assumes a central role in the molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions and here we employ NMR hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments to explore the impact of slower timescale dynamic events. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying collagen-induced conformational switches, we have undertaken a comparative study between the wild type integrin α1 I and a gain-of-function E317A mutant. NMR HDX results suggest a relationship between regions exhibiting a reduced local stability in the unbound I domain and those that undergo significant conformational changes upon binding. Specifically, the αC and α7 helices within the C-terminus are at the center of such major perturbations and present reduced local stabilities in the unbound state relative to other structural elements. Complementary isothermal titration calorimetry experiments have been performed to derive complete thermodynamic binding profiles for association of the collagen-like triple-helical peptide with wild type α1 I and E317A mutant. The differential energetics observed for E317A are consistent with the HDX experiments and support a model in which intrinsically destabilized regions predispose conformational rearrangement in the integrin I domain. This study highlights the importance of exploring different timescales to delineate allosteric and binding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monica Nunes
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854.,Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854.,Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Jacqueline Jezioro
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854.,Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Conceição A S A Minetti
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - David P Remeta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Samir W Hamaia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854.,Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
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9
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Chouhan BS, Käpylä J, Denessiouk K, Denesyuk A, Heino J, Johnson MS. Early chordate origin of the vertebrate integrin αI domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112064. [PMID: 25409021 PMCID: PMC4237329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of the 18 human integrins α subunits have an inserted αI domain yet none have been observed in species that have diverged prior to the appearance of the urochordates (ascidians). The urochordate integrin αI domains are not human orthologues but paralogues, but orthologues of human αI domains extend throughout later-diverging vertebrates and are observed in the bony fish with duplicate isoforms. Here, we report evidence for orthologues of human integrins with αI domains in the agnathostomes (jawless vertebrates) and later diverging species. Sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analyses and molecular modeling show that one nearly full-length sequence from lamprey and two additional fragments include the entire integrin αI domain region, have the hallmarks of collagen-binding integrin αI domains, and we show that the corresponding recombinant proteins recognize the collagen GFOGER motifs in a metal dependent manner, unlike the α1I domain of the ascidian C. intestinalis. The presence of a functional collagen receptor integrin αI domain supports the origin of orthologues of the human integrins with αI domains prior to the earliest diverging extant vertebrates, a domain that has been conserved and diversified throughout the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupratap Singh Chouhan
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantin Denessiouk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Denesyuk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark S. Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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10
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Schmitt DR, Kuper J, Elias A, Kisker C. The structure of the TFIIH p34 subunit reveals a von Willebrand factor A like fold. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102389. [PMID: 25013903 PMCID: PMC4094531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II dependent transcription and nucleotide excision repair are mediated by a multifaceted interplay of subunits within the general transcription factor II H (TFIIH). A better understanding of the molecular structure of TFIIH is the key to unravel the mechanism of action of this versatile protein complex within these vital cellular processes. The importance of this complex becomes further evident in the context of severe diseases like xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome and trichothiodystrophy, that arise from single point mutations in TFIIH subunits. Here we describe the structure of the p34 subunit of the TFIIH complex from the eukaryotic thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum. The structure revealed that p34 contains a von Willebrand Factor A (vWA) like domain, a fold which is generally known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Within TFIIH p34 strongly interacts with p44, a positive regulator of the helicase XPD. Putative protein-protein interfaces are analyzed and possible binding sites for the p34-p44 interaction suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik R. Schmitt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Elias
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Chin YKY, Headey S, Mohanty B, Emsley J, Simpson JS, Scanlon MJ. Assignments of human integrin α1I domain in the apo and Mg²⁺ bound states. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2014; 8:117-121. [PMID: 23339031 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-013-9465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The α1β1 integrin receptor binds to its main extracellular ligand, collagen, through an inserted domain in its α-subunit called the αI domain (αI). αI contains a metal binding site that allows collagen to coordinate to the domain through a divalent metal ion. Here we report the backbone assignments of the apo and Mg(2+) bound state of the isolated human α1I and the chemical shift changes resulting from metal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni K-Y Chin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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12
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Abstract
Integrin α1β1 is widely expressed in mesenchyme and the immune system, as well as a minority of epithelial tissues. Signaling through α1 contributes to the regulation of extracellular matrix composition, in addition to supplying in some tissues a proliferative and survival signal that appears to be unique among the collagen binding integrins. α1 provides a tissue retention function for cells of the immune system including monocytes and T cells, where it also contributes to their long-term survival, providing for peripheral T cell memory, and contributing to diseases of autoimmunity. The viability of α1 null mice, as well as the generation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against this molecule, have enabled studies of the role of α1 in a wide range of pathophysiological circumstances. The immune functions of α1 make it a rational therapeutic target.
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13
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Abstract
In humans, an ~200-residue "inserted" I domain, a von Willebrand factor A domain (vWFA), buds out from the β-propeller domain in 9 of 18 integrin α subunits. The vWFA domain is not unique to the α subunit as it is an integral part of all integrin β subunits and many other proteins. The βI domain has always been a component of integrins but the αI domain makes its appearance relatively late, in early chordates, since it is found in tunicates and later diverging species. The tunicate αI domains are distinct from the human collagen and leukocyte recognizing integrin α subunits, but fragments of integrins from agnathastomes suggest that the human-type αI domains arose in an ancestor of the very first vertebrate species. The rise of integrins with αI domains parallels the enormous changes in body plan and systemic development of the chordate line that began some 550 million or more years ago.
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14
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Chin YKY, Headey SJ, Mohanty B, Patil R, McEwan PA, Swarbrick JD, Mulhern TD, Emsley J, Simpson JS, Scanlon MJ. The structure of integrin α1I domain in complex with a collagen-mimetic peptide. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36796-809. [PMID: 24187131 PMCID: PMC3873540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the structure of the human integrin α1I domain bound to a triple-helical collagen peptide. The structure of the α1I-peptide complex was investigated using data from NMR, small angle x-ray scattering, and size exclusion chromatography that were used to generate and validate a model of the complex using the data-driven docking program, HADDOCK (High Ambiguity Driven Biomolecular Docking). The structure revealed that the α1I domain undergoes a major conformational change upon binding of the collagen peptide. This involves a large movement in the C-terminal helix of the αI domain that has been suggested to be the mechanism by which signals are propagated in the intact integrin receptor. The structure suggests a basis for the different binding selectivity observed for the α1I and α2I domains. Mutational data identify residues that contribute to the conformational change observed. Furthermore, small angle x-ray scattering data suggest that at low collagen peptide concentrations the complex exists in equilibrium between a 1:1 and 2:1 α1I-peptide complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni K.-Y. Chin
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Stephen J. Headey
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Biswaranjan Mohanty
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rahul Patil
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Paul A. McEwan
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and
| | - James D. Swarbrick
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Terrence D. Mulhern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom, and
| | - Jamie S. Simpson
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Martin J. Scanlon
- From Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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15
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16
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Weinreb PH, Li S, Gao SX, Liu T, Pepinsky RB, Caravella JA, Lee JH, Woods VL. Dynamic structural changes are observed upon collagen and metal ion binding to the integrin α1 I domain. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32897-912. [PMID: 22847004 PMCID: PMC3463359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.354365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have applied hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, in conjunction with differential scanning calorimetry and protein stability analysis, to examine solution dynamics of the integrin α1 I domain induced by the binding of divalent cations, full-length type IV collagen, or a function-blocking monoclonal antibody. These studies revealed features of integrin activation and α1I-ligand complexes that were not detected by static crystallographic data. Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) stabilized α1I but differed in their effects on exchange rates in the αC helix. Ca(2+) impacted α1I conformational dynamics without altering its gross thermal stability. Interaction with collagen affected the exchange rates in just one of three metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) loops, suggesting that MIDAS loop 2 plays a primary role in mediating ligand binding. Collagen also induced changes consistent with increased unfolding in both the αC and allosteric C-terminal helices of α1I. The antibody AQC2, which binds to α1I in a ligand-mimetic manner, also reduced exchange in MIDAS loop 2 and increased exchange in αC, but it did not impact the C-terminal region. This is the first study to directly demonstrate the conformational changes induced upon binding of an integrin I domain to a full-length collagen ligand, and it demonstrates the utility of the deuterium exchange mass spectrometry method to study the solution dynamics of integrin/ligand and integrin/metal ion interactions. Based on the ligand and metal ion binding data, we propose a model for collagen-binding integrin activation that explains the differing abilities of Mg(2+), Mn(2+), and Ca(2+) to activate I domain-containing integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Li
- the Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656
| | - Sharon X. Gao
- From Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 and
| | - Tong Liu
- the Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656
| | | | | | - Jun H. Lee
- the Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656
| | - Virgil L. Woods
- the Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656
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17
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Moura-da-Silva AM, Baldo C. Jararhagin, a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca. Toxicon 2012; 60:280-9. [PMID: 22534074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Jararhagin is a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, which has been extensively studied. These studies showed its involvement on most of the systemic and local damaging effects of snakebite envenomings. In this review we comment on the major targets of jararhagin as the vascular endothelium, platelets and coagulation factors and also its action on other cell systems as inflammatory cells and their mediators, cancer and cell signaling. The mechanisms of jararhagin action are discussed together with structural features essential for the expression of its biological activities. The studies reviewed here denote jararhagin as a prototype for studies of snake venom metalloproteinases, bringing new insights into cellular-matrix interactions and adding for the improvement of snakebite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CEP-05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kankaanpää P, Paavolainen L, Tiitta S, Karjalainen M, Päivärinne J, Nieminen J, Marjomäki V, Heino J, White DJ. BioImageXD: an open, general-purpose and high-throughput image-processing platform. Nat Methods 2012; 9:683-9. [PMID: 22743773 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BioImageXD puts open-source computer science tools for three-dimensional visualization and analysis into the hands of all researchers, through a user-friendly graphical interface tuned to the needs of biologists. BioImageXD has no restrictive licenses or undisclosed algorithms and enables publication of precise, reproducible and modifiable workflows. It allows simple construction of processing pipelines and should enable biologists to perform challenging analyses of complex processes. We demonstrate its performance in a study of integrin clustering in response to selected inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Kankaanpää
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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19
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Lahti M, Bligt E, Niskanen H, Parkash V, Brandt AM, Jokinen J, Patrikainen P, Käpylä J, Heino J, Salminen TA. Structure of collagen receptor integrin α(1)I domain carrying the activating mutation E317A. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43343-51. [PMID: 22030389 PMCID: PMC3234817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the structure and function of the integrin α(1)I domain harboring a gain-of-function mutation E317A. To promote protein crystallization, a double variant with an additional C139S mutation was used. In cell adhesion assays, the E317A mutation promoted binding to collagen. Similarly, the double mutation C139S/E317A increased adhesion compared with C139S alone. Furthermore, soluble α(1)I C139S/E317A was a higher avidity collagen binder than α(1)I C139S, indicating that the double variant represents an activated form. The crystal structure of the activated variant of α(1)I was solved at 1.9 Å resolution. The E317A mutation results in the unwinding of the αC helix, but the metal ion has moved toward loop 1, instead of loop 2 in the open α(2)I. Furthermore, unlike in the closed αI domains, the metal ion is pentacoordinated and, thus, prepared for ligand binding. Helix 7, which has moved downward in the open α(2)I structure, has not changed its position in the activated α(1)I variant. During the integrin activation, Glu(335) on helix 7 binds to the metal ion at the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) of the β(1) subunit. Interestingly, in our cell adhesion assays E317A could activate collagen binding even after mutating Glu(335). This indicates that the stabilization of helix 7 into its downward position is not required if the α(1) MIDAS is already open. To conclude, the activated α(1)I domain represents a novel conformation of the αI domain, mimicking the structural state where the Arg(287)-Glu(317) ion pair has just broken during the integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Lahti
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Eva Bligt
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Vimal Parkash
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Brandt
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Jokinen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Pekka Patrikainen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Jyrki Heino
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland and
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
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Koivunen JT, Nissinen L, Juhakoski A, Pihlavisto M, Marjamäki A, Huuskonen J, Pentikäinen OT. Blockage of collagen binding to integrin α2β1: structure–activity relationship of protein–protein interaction inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Sanchez EF, Schneider FS, Yarleque A, Borges MH, Richardson M, Figueiredo SG, Evangelista KS, Eble JA. The novel metalloproteinase atroxlysin-I from Peruvian Bothrops atrox (Jergón) snake venom acts both on blood vessel ECM and platelets. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 496:9-20. [PMID: 20102699 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation and structure-function relationship of a 23kDa metalloproteinase named atroxlysin-I from the venom of the Peruvian Bothrops atrox (Jergón). Atroxlysin is a P-I metalloproteinase and contains 204 residues. Its proteolytic activity towards dimethylcasein is enhanced by Ca2+ but inhibited by EDTA, dithiothreitol, excessive Zn2+ and alpha2-macroglobulin. Unlike other structurally homologous P-I metalloproteinases, atroxlysin-I causes hemorrhages. To examine its hemorrhagic activity mechanistically, we studied its function in vitro and in vivo. It cleaved the Ala14-Leu15 and Tyr16-Leu17 bonds in oxidized insulin B-chain and specifically hydrolyzed the alpha-chains of fibrin(ogen) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atroxlysin-I cleaved plasma fibronectin and other extracellular matrix proteins (collagens I and IV) and the triple-helical fragment CB3 of collagen IV, but did not degrade laminin-111. Complementarily, the laminin and collagen binding integrins alpha7beta1 and alpha1beta1 were cleaved by atroxlysin. Even without catalytic activity atroxlysin-I inhibited collagen- and ADP-triggered platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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22
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Bax DV, Rodgers UR, Bilek MMM, Weiss AS. Cell adhesion to tropoelastin is mediated via the C-terminal GRKRK motif and integrin alphaVbeta3. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28616-23. [PMID: 19617625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin fibers are predominantly composed of the secreted monomer tropoelastin. This protein assembly confers elasticity to all vertebrate elastic tissues including arteries, lung, skin, vocal folds, and elastic cartilage. In this study we examined the mechanism of cell interactions with recombinant human tropoelastin. Cell adhesion to human tropoelastin was divalent cation-dependent, and the inhibitory anti-integrin alpha(V)beta(3) antibody LM609 inhibited cell spreading on tropoelastin, identifying integrin alpha(V)beta(3) as the major fibroblast cell surface receptor for human tropoelastin. Cell adhesion was unaffected by lactose and heparin sulfate, indicating that the elastin-binding protein and cell surface glycosaminoglycans are not involved. The C-terminal GRKRK motif of tropoelastin can bind to cells in a divalent cation-dependent manner, identifying this as an integrin binding motif required for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Bax
- Applied and Plasma Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Lambert LJ, Bobkov AA, Smith JW, Marassi FM. Competitive interactions of collagen and a jararhagin-derived disintegrin peptide with the integrin alpha2-I domain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16665-72. [PMID: 18417478 PMCID: PMC2423259 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710483200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha2beta1 is a major receptor required for activation and adhesion of platelets, through the specific recognition of collagen by the alpha2-I domain (alpha2-I), which binds fibrillar collagen via Mg(2+)-bridged interactions. The crystal structure of a truncated form of the alpha2-I domain, bound to a triple helical collagen peptide, revealed conformational changes suggestive of a mechanism where the ligand-bound I domain can initiate and propagate conformational change to the full integrin complex. Collagen binding by alpha2-I and fibrinogen-dependent platelet activity can be inhibited by snake venom polypeptides. Here we describe the inhibitory effect of a short cyclic peptide derived from the snake toxin metalloprotease jararhagin, with specific amino acid sequence RKKH, on the ability of alpha2-I to bind triple helical collagen. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements showed that the interactions of alpha2-I with collagen or RKKH peptide have similar affinities, and NMR chemical shift mapping experiments with (15)N-labeled alpha2-I, and unlabeled RKKH peptide, indicate that the peptide competes for the collagen-binding site of alpha2-I but does not induce a large scale conformational rearrangement of the I domain.
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Effects of conformational activation of integrin α1I and α2I domains on selective recognition of laminin and collagen subtypes. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1734-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Cao JP, Yu JK, Li C, Sun Y, Yuan HH, Wang HJ, Gao DS. Integrin β1 is involved in the signaling of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. J Comp Neurol 2008; 509:203-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Käpylä J, Pentikäinen OT, Nyrönen T, Nissinen L, Lassander S, Jokinen J, Lahti M, Marjamäki A, Johnson MS, Heino J. Small molecule designed to target metal binding site in the alpha2I domain inhibits integrin function. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2742-6. [PMID: 17447751 DOI: 10.1021/jm070063t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha2beta1 is a potential target molecule in drug development. We have established "design" criteria for molecules that bind to the "closed" conformation of alpha2I domain via Mg(2+) in MIDAS (metal ion dependent adhesion site) while simultaneously forming interactions with neighboring amino acid residues. Specific tetracyclic Streptomyces products belonging to the group of aromatic polyketides fulfill our criteria and inhibit alpha2beta1 integrin. All previously described inhibitors of alphaI domain integrins act in an allosteric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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27
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Abstract
Jararhagin is a 52 kDa hemorrhagic P-III metalloproteinase isolated from the venom of the medically important Brazilian pit-viper Bothrops jararaca. It is a member of the reprolysin family of zinc metalloproteinases containing a catalytic metalloproteinase domain followed by a disintegrin-like and a cysteine-rich domain. The impact of jararhagin on hemostasis has been extensively studied using in vitro and in vivo model systems as well as in clinical studies. Jararhagin-induced hemorrhage is the result of the degradation of sub-endothelial matrix proteins leading to the disruption of the blood vessel endothelium, with accompanying disturbances in platelet function. The versatility of jararhagin is further demonstrated by its direct action on von Willebrand factor, the degradation of fibrinogen, by its inhibition of platelet adhesion to collagen and by its inability to be affected by the plasma inhibitor alpha(2)-macroglobulin. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by jararhagin though the binding of the molecule to the alpha(2) subunit I domain of the platelet surface alpha(2)beta(1) integrin (collagen receptor). Jararhagin also cleaves the beta(1) subunit of the same integrin, inhibiting platelet interaction and ultimately causing impairment of signal transduction. The effect of jararhagin on cell systems other than platelets is evaluated; in fibroblasts, jararhagin functions as a collagen-mimetic substrate and, in endothelial cells, it causes apoptosis and indirectly inhibits cell proliferation by release of angiostatin-like compounds. Jararhagin induces a strong pro-inflammatory response characterized by intense leukocyte accumulation at the site of the injection. Although hemorrhage and edema are a response to the direct effect of jararhagin, jararhagin-induced inflammation and necrosis are dependent on macrophages and key pro-inflammatory cytokines or their receptors. Some data also indicate that the toxin possesses anti-tumorgenic properties. Methods for inhibiting jararhagin are reviewed; this encompasses the use of synthetic peptides to the isolation of naturally occurring mammalian peptides and the development of toxin-specific antibodies through DNA immunisation and monoclonal antibody technologies. The availability of jararhagin makes it an important tool for research into the mechanisms of action of similar toxins, for insights into cellular interactions and for clinical investigations into the treatment of envenomings from B. jararaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Laing
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
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Matsui T, Hamako J. Structure and function of snake venom toxins interacting with human von Willebrand factor. Toxicon 2005; 45:1075-87. [PMID: 15922776 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemostatic plug formation is a complex event mediated by platelets, subendothelial matrices and von Willebrand factor (VWF) at the vascular injury. Snake venom proteins have an excellent potency to regulate the interaction between VWF and platelet membrane receptors in vitro. Two protein families, C-type lectin-like proteins and Zn(2+)-metalloproteinases, have been found to affect platelet-VWF interaction. Botrocetin and bitiscetin from viper venom are disulfide-linked heterodimers with C-type lectin-like motif, and modulate VWF to elicit platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)-binding activity via the A1 domain of VWF leading to the platelet agglutination. The crystal structures of botrocetin and bitiscetin together with complex from the VWF A1 domain indicate the following: (1) a central concave domain formed by two subunits of botrocetin or bitiscetin provides the binding site for VWF, (2) these modulators directly bind to the A1 domain of VWF in close proximity to the GPIb binding site, (3) both modulators induce no significant conformational change on the GPIb-binding site of the A1 domain but could provide a supplemental platform fitting for GPIb. These results suggest that the modulating mechanisms of these venoms are different from those performed by either antibiotic ristocetin in vitro or extremely high shear stress in vivo. Other modulator toxins include kaouthiagin and jararhagin, chimeric proteins composed of metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like and Cys-rich domains. These toxins cleave VWF and reduce its platelet agglutinating or collagen-binding activity. Kaouthiagin from cobra venom specifically cleaves between Pro708 and Asp709 in the C-terminal VWF A1 domain resulting in the decrease of the multimer structure of VWF. Recently a plasma proteinase, which specifically cleaves VWF into a smaller multimer, has been elucidated to be a reprolysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif family (ADAMTS). This endogenous metalloproteinase (ADAMTS-13) specifically cleaves between Tyr842 and Met843 in the A2 domain of VWF regulating its physiological hemostatic activity. These VWF-binding snake venom proteins are suitable probes for basic research on platelet plug formation mediated by VWF, for subsidiary diagnostic use for von Willebrand disease or platelet disorder, and might be potently applicable to the regulation of VWF in thrombosis and hemostasis. Structural information of these venom proteins together with recombinant technology might strongly promote the construction of a new antihemostatic drug in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taei Matsui
- Department of Biology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Calvete JJ, Marcinkiewicz C, Monleón D, Esteve V, Celda B, Juárez P, Sanz L. Snake venom disintegrins: evolution of structure and function. Toxicon 2005; 45:1063-74. [PMID: 15922775 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins represent a family of polypeptides present in the venoms of various vipers that selectively block the function of integrin receptors. Here, we review our current view and hypothesis on the emergence and the structural and functional diversification of disintegrins by accelerated evolution and the selective loss of disulfide bonds of duplicated genes. Research on disintegrins is relevant for understanding the biology of viper venom toxins, but also provides information on new structural determinants involved in integrin recognition that may be useful in basic and clinical research. The role of the composition, conformation, and dynamics of the integrin inhibitory loop acting in concert with the C-terminal tail in determining the selective inhibition of integrin receptors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Calvete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, C.S.I.C., Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Rodgers UR, Weiss AS. Integrin αvβ3 binds a unique non-RGD site near the C-terminus of human tropoelastin. Biochimie 2004; 86:173-8. [PMID: 15134831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tropoelastin is the soluble precursor of the essential resilient connective tissue protein elastin. We examined the binding of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) to tropoelastin. In quantitative colorimetric solid-phase assays, purified alpha(v)beta(3) demonstrated saturable, divalent cation-dependent, single-site binding behavior on tropoelastin with a dissociation constant of 3.8 +/- 0.9 nM in the presence of 1 mM Mn(2+) which increased to 23 +/- 5 nM in the presence of 1 mM Ca(2+). Association with alpha(v)beta(3) was localized to the C-terminal 16 residues of tropoelastin, encompassing the region encoded by exon 36. This region comprises a unique disulfide loop in tropoelastin that is not essential for the interaction. This is the first identification of a specific, single binding site on tropoelastin and the first observation of direct binding of an integrin to a tropoelastin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Rodgers
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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