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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Duraipandiyan V, Balamurugan R, Al-Dhabi NA, William Raja T, Ganesan P, Ahilan B, Valan Arasu M, Ignacimuthu S, Ali Esmail G. The down regulation of PTP1B expression and attenuation of disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism using Borassus flabellifer (L) fruit methanol extract in high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:433-440. [PMID: 31889867 PMCID: PMC6933253 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Borassus flabellifer L. is a tall palm traditionally used for its stimulating, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities; it is rich in fibers and various pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Borassus flabellifer fruit methanol extract (BF-M) on diabetic rats induced with High Fat Diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ). When BF-M (100 or 200 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days orally it led to a sharp decline in triglycerides, total cholesterol, free unsaturated fat, glucose-6-phosphate, fasting blood glucose and fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase in contrast to diabetic control. BF-M also downregulated Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. In vitro study showed the IC50 value to be 23.98 μg/mL. BF-M significantly increased serum insulin, glycogen content, and body weight. Western blot analysis exhibited significant inhibition of PTP1B in pancreatic tissue which was confirmed by histology and immunohistological studies. GC-MS analysis revelaled that the presence of major compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (47.56%), Guanosine (21.01%) and n-hecxadeconoic acid (25.14%) in BF-M. In short, BF-M exerted antidiabetic property by down regulating PTP1B expression, and eventually enhancing glucose stimulated insulin release; it also exhibited favorable effects in diabetes and its secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - R Balamurugan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - T William Raja
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - P Ganesan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - B Ahilan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - M Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li C, Luo J, Guo S, Jia X, Guo C, Li X, Xu Q, Shi D. Highly Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor, 2,2',3,3'-Tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in BKS db Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1839-1850. [PMID: 30974944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a widely confirmed target of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Herein, we reported a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane (compound 1), which showed promising hypoglycemic activity in diabetic BKS db mice. With the IC50 value of 2.4 μM, compound 1 could directly bind to the catalytic pocket of PTP1B through a series of hydrogen bonds. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the target affinity [KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) value] of compound 1 binding to PTP1B was 2.90 μM. Moreover, compound 1 could activate the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. We further evaluated the long-term effects of compound 1 in diabetic BKS db mice. Notably, oral administration of compound 1 significantly reduced the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice with increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, the dyslipidemia of diabetic mice was also significantly improved by compound 1 gavage. The histological experiments showed that compound 1 treatment significantly ameliorated the disordered hepatic and pancreatic architecture and increased the glycogen content in the liver tissues as well as improved the insulin secretion function of pancreas. Taken together, our results manifested that the natural product compound 1 was a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor, which could activate insulin signaling pathway and ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic BKS db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Shuju Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Dayong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 7 Nanhai Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , Shandong University , Qingdao , China
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Anti-Diabetic Activity of 2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzyl Derivatives from Symphyocladia latiuscula through PTP1B Downregulation and α-Glucosidase Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030166. [PMID: 30875760 PMCID: PMC6471218 DOI: 10.3390/md17030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine alga, Symphyocladia latiuscula (Harvey) Yamada, is a good source of bromophenols with numerous biological activities. This study aims to characterize the anti-diabetic potential of 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl derivatives isolated from S. latiuscula via their inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. Additionally, this study uses in silico modeling and glucose uptake potential analysis in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells to reveal the mechanism of anti-diabetic activity. This bioassay-guided isolation led to the discovery of three potent bromophenols that act against PTP1B and α-glucosidase: 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (2), and bis-(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether) (3). All compounds inhibited the target enzymes by 50% at concentrations below 10 μM. The activity of 1 and 2 was comparable to ursolic acid (IC50; 8.66 ± 0.82 μM); however, 3 was more potent (IC50; 5.29 ± 0.08 μM) against PTP1B. Interestingly, the activity of 1–3 against α-glucosidase was 30–110 times higher than acarbose (IC50; 212.66 ± 0.35 μM). Again, 3 was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50; 1.92 ± 0.02 μM). Similarly, 1–3 showed concentration-dependent glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and downregulated PTP1B expression. Enzyme kinetics revealed different modes of inhibition. In silico molecular docking simulations demonstrated the importance of the 7–OH group for H-bond formation and bromine/phenyl ring number for halogen-bond interactions. These results suggest that bromophenols from S. latiuscula, especially highly brominated 3, are inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase, enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and may represent a novel class of anti-diabetic drugs.
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Xu Q, Luo J, Wu N, Zhang R, Shi D. BPN, a marine-derived PTP1B inhibitor, activates insulin signaling and improves insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:379-386. [PMID: 28811203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by defects in insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of insulin signaling cascade and has attracted intensive investigation in recent T2DM therapy study. BPN, a marine-derived bromophenol compound, was isolated from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. This study investigated the effects of BPN on the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes by inhibiting PTP1B. Molecular docking study and analysis of small- molecule interaction with PTP1B all showed BPN inhibited PTP1B activity via binding to the catalytic site through hydrogen bonds. We then found that BPN permeated into C2C12 myotubes, on the one hand, activated insulin signaling in an insulin-independent manner in C2C12 cells; on the other hand, ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance through augmenting insulin sensitivity. Moreover, our studies also showed that PTP1B inhibition by BPN increased glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes through glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Taken together, BPN activates insulin signaling and alleviates insulin resistance and represents a potential candidate for further development as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Ding H, Zhang Y, Xu C, Hou D, Li J, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zen K, Zhang CY, Jiang X. Norathyriol reverses obesity- and high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in mice through inhibition of PTP1B. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2145-54. [PMID: 24985145 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) negatively regulates insulin signalling. PTP1B deficiency improves obesity-induced insulin resistance and consequently improves type 2 diabetes in mice. Here, the small molecule norathyriol reversed obesity- and high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting PTP1B. METHODS The inhibitory mode of PTP1B was evaluated by using the double-reciprocal substrate in the presence of norathyriol. Primary cultured hepatocytes, myoblasts and white adipocytes were used to investigate the effect of norathyriol on insulin signalling. Glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were characterised by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. RESULTS Norathyriol was identified as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 of 9.59 ± 0.39 μmol/l. In cultured hepatocytes and myoblasts, norathyriol treatment blocked the PTP1B-mediated dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Intraperitoneal injection of norathyriol inhibited liver and muscle PTP1B activity in mice, thus contributing to the improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, these beneficial effects were abolished in PTP1B-deficient mice. Notably, oral administration of norathyriol protected mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through inhibition of hypothalamic PTP1B activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that the small molecule norathyriol is a potent PTP1B inhibitor with good cell permeability and oral availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Inhibitor of the tyrosine phosphatase STEP reverses cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001923. [PMID: 25093460 PMCID: PMC4122355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is a neuron-specific phosphatase that regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, as well as ERK1/2, p38, Fyn, and Pyk2 activity. STEP is overactive in several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The increase in STEP activity likely disrupts synaptic function and contributes to the cognitive deficits in AD. AD mice lacking STEP have restored levels of glutamate receptors on synaptosomal membranes and improved cognitive function, results that suggest STEP as a novel therapeutic target for AD. Here we describe the first large-scale effort to identify and characterize small-molecule STEP inhibitors. We identified the benzopentathiepin 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride (known as TC-2153) as an inhibitor of STEP with an IC50 of 24.6 nM. TC-2153 represents a novel class of PTP inhibitors based upon a cyclic polysulfide pharmacophore that forms a reversible covalent bond with the catalytic cysteine in STEP. In cell-based secondary assays, TC-2153 increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STEP substrates ERK1/2, Pyk2, and GluN2B, and exhibited no toxicity in cortical cultures. Validation and specificity experiments performed in wild-type (WT) and STEP knockout (KO) cortical cells and in vivo in WT and STEP KO mice suggest specificity of inhibitors towards STEP compared to highly homologous tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, TC-2153 improved cognitive function in several cognitive tasks in 6- and 12-mo-old triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice, with no change in beta amyloid and phospho-tau levels.
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Zeng K, He YN, Yang D, Cao JQ, Xia XC, Zhang SJ, Bi XL, Zhao YQ. New compounds from acid hydrolyzed products of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. and their inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatas 1B. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li J, Pang Q. Oxidative stress-associated protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in Fanconi anemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2290-301. [PMID: 24206276 PMCID: PMC3995293 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder featuring chromosomal instability, developmental defects, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. Besides the predominant role in DNA damage response and/or repair, many studies have linked FA proteins to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, defined as imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis, has been considered to contribute to disease development, including FA. RECENT ADVANCES A variety of signaling pathways may be influenced by oxidative stress, particularly the equilibrium between protein kinases and phosphatases, consequently leading to an aberrant phosphorylation state of cellular proteins. Dysfunction of kinases/phosphatases has been implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In FA, evidence is emerging that links abnormal phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation of signaling molecules to clinical complications and malformations. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we review the recent findings on the oxidative stress-related kinases and phosphatases, particularly tyrosine phosphatases in FA. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the role of oxidative stress-related kinases and phosphatases in FA may provide unique and generic possibilities for the future development of therapeutic strategies by targeting the dysregulated protein kinases and phosphatases in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Theoretic and Applied Neuro-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Zeng LF, Zhang RY, Bai Y, Wu L, Gunawan AM, Zhang ZY. Hydroxyindole carboxylic acid-based inhibitors for receptor-type protein tyrosine protein phosphatase beta. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2130-40. [PMID: 24180557 PMCID: PMC3995206 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an important role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes. Understanding the role of PTPs within these processes has been hampered by a lack of potent and selective PTP inhibitors. Generating potent and selective probes for PTPs remains a significant challenge because of the highly conserved and positively charged PTP active site that also harbors a redox-sensitive Cys residue. RESULTS We describe a facile method that uses an appropriate hydroxyindole carboxylic acid to anchor the inhibitor to the PTP active site and relies on the secondary binding elements introduced through an amide-focused library to enhance binding affinity for the target PTP and to impart selectivity against off-target phosphatases. Here, we disclose a novel series of hydroxyindole carboxylic acid-based inhibitors for receptor-type tyrosine protein phosphatase beta (RPTPβ), a potential target that is implicated in blood vessel development. The representative RPTPβ inhibitor 8b-1 (L87B44) has an IC50 of 0.38 μM and at least 14-fold selectivity for RPTPβ over a large panel of PTPs. Moreover, 8b-1 also exhibits excellent cellular activity and augments growth factor signaling in HEK293, MDA-MB-468, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. INNOVATION The bicyclic salicylic acid pharmacophore-based focused library approach may provide a potential solution to overcome the bioavailability issue that has plagued the PTP drug discovery field for many years. CONCLUSION A novel method is described for the development of bioavailable PTP inhibitors that utilizes bicyclic salicylic acid to anchor the inhibitors to the active site and peripheral site interactions to enhance binding affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fan Zeng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Brusic V, Petrovsky N. Immunoinformatics and its relevance to understanding human immune disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:145-57. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tiong SH, Looi CY, Hazni H, Arya A, Paydar M, Wong WF, Cheah SC, Mustafa MR, Awang K. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Molecules 2013; 18:9770-84. [PMID: 23955322 PMCID: PMC6270616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in India, South Africa, China and Malaysia to treat diabetes. The present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaves extract. Four alkaloids--vindoline I, vindolidine II, vindolicine III and vindolinine IV--were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane extract (DE) of this plant's leaves. DE and compounds I-III were not cytotoxic towards pancreatic β-TC6 cells at the highest dosage tested (25.0 µg/mL). All four alkaloids induced relatively high glucose uptake in pancreatic β-TC6 or myoblast C2C12 cells, with III showing the highest activity. In addition, compounds II-IV demonstrated good protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) inhibition activity, implying their therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes. III showed the highest antioxidant potential in ORAC and DPPH assays and it also alleviated H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in β-TC6 cells at 12.5 µg/mL and 25.0 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Huat Tiong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.H.T.); (H.H.)
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.Y.L.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Hazrina Hazni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.H.T.); (H.H.)
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.Y.L.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.Y.L.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.Y.L.); (A.A.); (M.P.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.H.T.); (H.H.)
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He R, Zeng LF, He Y, Zhang S, Zhang ZY. Small molecule tools for functional interrogation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS J 2012; 280:731-50. [PMID: 22816879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the regulation of cellular signalling is well established. Malfunction of PTP activity is also known to be associated with cancer, metabolic syndromes and autoimmune disorders, as well as neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. However, a detailed understanding of the roles played by the PTPs in normal physiology and in pathogenic conditions has been hampered by the absence of PTP-specific small molecule agents. In addition, the therapeutic benefits of modulating this target class are underexplored as a result of a lack of suitable chemical probes. Potent and specific PTP inhibitors could significantly facilitate functional analysis of the PTPs in complex cellular signal transduction pathways and may constitute valuable therapeutics in the treatment of several human diseases. We highlight the current challenges to and opportunities for developing PTP-specific small molecule agents. We also review available selective small molecule inhibitors developed for a number of PTPs, including PTP1B, TC-PTP, SHP2, lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase, haematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45, PTPβ, PTPγ, PTPRO, Vaccinia H1-related phosphatase, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3, Cdc25, YopH, mPTPA and mPTPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Isolation of Antidiabetic Principle from Fruit Rinds of Punica granatum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:147202. [PMID: 22919408 PMCID: PMC3419443 DOI: 10.1155/2012/147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of phytoconstituents from fruit rinds of Punica granatum. With the above objectives Valoneic acid dilactone (VAD) was isolated from methanolic fruit rind extracts of Punica granatum (MEPG) and confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by Aldose reductase, α-amylase and PTP1B inhibition assays in in vitro and Alloxan-induced diabetes in rats was used as an in vivo model. In bioactivity studies, MEPG and VAD have showed potent antidiabetic activity in α-amylase, aldose reductase, and PTP1B inhibition assays with IC50 values of 1.02, 2.050, 26.25 μg/mL and 0.284, 0.788, 12.41 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, in alloxan-induced diabetes model MEPG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and VAD (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) have showed significant and dose dependent antidiabetic activity by maintaining the blood glucose levels within the normal limits. Inline with the biochemical findings histopathology of MEPG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), VAD (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.), and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.) treated animals showed significant protection against alloxan-induced pancreatic tissue damage. These findings suggest that MEPG and VAD possess significant antidiabetic activity in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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15
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Molecular modeling and synthesis of ZINC02765569 derivatives as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors: lead optimization study. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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17
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Joshi P, Deora GS, Rathore V, Tanwar O, Rawat AK, Srivastava AK, Jain D. Identification of ZINC02765569: a potent inhibitor of PTP1B by vHTS. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Ling Q, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Xiong B, Zhang Y, Ma L, Wang X, Li X, Li J, Shen J. Illudalic acid as a potential LAR inhibitor: synthesis, SAR, and preliminary studies on the mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7399-409. [PMID: 18579388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of the human leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) phosphatase inhibitor, illudalic acid, has been achieved by a route more amenable to structure modifications. A series of simpler analogues of illudalic acid was synthesized and evaluated for potency in inhibiting LAR. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has shown that the 5-formyl group and the hemi-acetal lactone are crucial for effective inhibition of LAR activity, and are the key pharmacophores of illudalic acid. The fused dimethylcyclopentene ring moiety evidently helps to enhance the potency of illudalic acid against LAR. A preliminary study of the mechanism of action of illudalic acid against LAR was conducted using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and molecular docking techniques. The results are in full agreement with the described mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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19
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Taha MO, Bustanji Y, Al-Bakri AG, Yousef AM, Zalloum WA, Al-Masri IM, Atallah N. Discovery of new potent human protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors via pharmacophore and QSAR analysis followed by in silico screening. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 25:870-84. [PMID: 17035054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 08/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacophoric model was developed for human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (h-PTP 1B) inhibitors utilizing the HipHop-REFINE module of CATALYST software. Subsequently, genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to select an optimal combination of physicochemical descriptors and pharmacophore hypothesis that yield consistent QSAR equation of good predictive potential (r = 0.87,F-statistic = 69.13,r(BS)2 = 0.76,r(LOO)2 = 0.68). The validity of the QSAR equation and the associated pharmacophoric hypothesis was experimentally established by the identification of five new h-PTP 1B inhibitors retrieved from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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20
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Abstract
Insulin resistance typically reflects multiple defects of insulin receptor and post-receptor signalling that impair a diverse range of metabolic and vascular actions. Many potential intervention targets and compounds with therapeutic activity have been described. Proof of principle for a non-peptide insulin mimetic has been demonstrated by specific activation of the intracellular B-subunit of the insulin receptor. Potentiation of insulin action has been achieved with agents that enhance phosphorylation and prolong the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor and its protein substrates after activation by insulin. These include inhibitors of phosphatases and serine kinases that normally prevent or terminate tyrosine kinase signalling. Additional approaches involve increasing the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and other downstream components of the insulin signalling pathways. Experimental interventions to remove signalling defects caused by cytokines, certain adipocyte hormones, excess fatty acids, glucotoxicity and negative feedback by distal signalling steps have also indicated therapeutic possibilities. Several hormones, metabolic enzymes, minerals, co-factors and transcription co-activators have shown insulin-sensitising potential. Since insulin resistance affects many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, it provides an opportunity for simultaneous therapeutic attack on a broad front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- Deabetes Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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21
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Tolkatchev D, Shaykhutdinov R, Xu P, Plamondon J, Watson DC, Young NM, Ni F. Three-dimensional structure and ligand interactions of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase from Campylobacter jejuni. Protein Sci 2007; 15:2381-94. [PMID: 17008719 PMCID: PMC2242389 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062279806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A putative low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) was identified in the genome sequence of the bacterial pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. This novel gene, cj1258, has sequence homology with a distinctive class of phosphatases widely distributed among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We report here the solution structure of Cj1258 established by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy using NOE-derived distance restraints, hydrogen bond data, and torsion angle restraints. The three-dimensional structure consists of a central four-stranded parallel beta-sheet flanked by five alpha-helices, revealing an overall structural topology similar to those of the eukaryotic LMW-PTPs, such as human HCPTP-A, bovine BPTP, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae LTP1, and to those of the bacterial LMW-PTPs MPtpA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and YwlE from Bacillus subtilis. The active site of the enzyme is flexible in solution and readily adapts to the binding of ligands, such as the phosphate ion. An NMR-based screen was carried out against a number of potential inhibitors and activators, including phosphonomethylphenylalanine, derivatives of the cinnamic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, adenine, and hypoxanthine. Despite its bacterial origin, both the three-dimensional structure and ligand-binding properties of Cj1258 suggest that this novel phosphatase may have functional roles close to those of eukaryotic and mammalian tyrosine phosphatases. The three-dimensional structure along with mapping of small-molecule binding will be discussed in the context of developing high-affinity inhibitors of this novel LMW-PTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Tolkatchev
- Biomolecular NMR and Protein Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Following the discovery of insulin, it took the rest of the twentieth century to understand how this hormone regulates intracellular metabolism. What are the main discoveries that led to our current understanding of this process? And how is this new knowledge being exploited in an attempt to develop improved drugs to treat the epidemic of type-2 diabetes?
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cohen
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, The Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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23
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Barr AJ, Knapp S. MAPK-specific tyrosine phosphatases: new targets for drug discovery? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:525-30. [PMID: 16919785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have key roles in a diverse range of cellular processes, and their dysregulation is associated with several human diseases. Many PTPs are recognized as potential drug targets; however, inhibitor development has focused only on a small number of enzymes, most notably PTP1B for type II diabetes and obesity, and MKP1 and CDC25 for cancer. The future challenge of selective-inhibitor development for PTPs will be significantly facilitated by the recent rapid progress in the structural biology of the 'PTPome'. In this article, we focus on the family of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-specific tyrosine phosphatases--PTPN5 [also called striatal-enriched phosphatase (STEP)], PTPN7 (also called hematopoietic PTP) and PTPRR (also called PC12 PTP or STEP-like PTP)--and discuss approaches for achieving selectivity for the MAPK-PTPs at the molecular level using recently determined high-resolution X-ray crystal structures. We believe that the development of specific inhibitors would provide a valuable set of experimental pharmacological tools for investigating the physiological role of these phosphatases and exploring their emerging role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Barr
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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24
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Lazo JS, Nunes R, Skoko JJ, Queiroz de Oliveira PE, Vogt A, Wipf P. Novel benzofuran inhibitors of human mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5643-50. [PMID: 16698271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases have a central role in the maintenance of normal cellular functionality. For example, PTP1B has been implicated in insulin-resistance, obesity, and neoplasia. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1 or DUSP1) dephosphorylates and inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) substrates, such as p38, JNK, and Erk, and has been implicated in neoplasia. The lack of readily available selective small molecule inhibitors of MKP family members has severely limited interrogation of their biological role. Inspired by a previously identified inhibitor (NSC 357756) of MKP-3, we synthesized seven NSC 357756 congeners, which were evaluated for in vitro inhibition against several protein phosphatases. Remarkably, none displayed potent inhibition against MKP-3, including the desamino NSC 357756 analog NU-154. Interestingly, NU-154 inhibited human PTP1B in vitro with an IC(50) value of 24 +/- 1 microM and showed little inhibition against Cdc25B, MKP-1, and VHR phosphatases. NU-126 [2-((E)-2-(5-cyanobenzofuran-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-indole-6-carbonitrile] inhibited MKP-1 and VHR in vitro but was less active against human MKP-3, Cdc25B, and PTP1B. The inhibition of MKP-1 by NU-126 was independent of redox processes. The benzofuran substructure represents a new potential scaffold for further analog development and provides encouragement that more selective and potent inhibitors of MKP family members may be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Lazo
- The University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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25
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Amarasinghe KKD, Evdokimov AG, Evidokimov AG, Xu K, Clark CM, Maier MB, Srivastava A, Colson AO, Gerwe GS, Stake GE, Howard BW, Pokross ME, Gray JL, Peters KG. Design and synthesis of potent, non-peptidic inhibitors of HPTPbeta. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4252-6. [PMID: 16759857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The sulfamic acid phosphotyrosine mimetic was coupled with a previously known malonate template to obtain highly selective and potent inhibitors of HPTPbeta. Potentially hydrolyzable malonate ester functionalities were replaced with 1,2,4-oxadiazoles without a significant effect on HPTPbeta potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kande K D Amarasinghe
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important signalling mechanism in eukaryotic cells. In cancer, oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinases is a common feature, and novel anticancer drugs have been introduced that target these enzymes. Tyrosine phosphorylation is also controlled by protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Recent evidence has shown that PTPs can function as tumour suppressors. In addition, some PTPs, including SHP2, positively regulate the signalling of growth-factor receptors, and can be oncogenic. An improved understanding of how these enzymes function and how they are regulated might aid the development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ostman
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Taylor ATS. Screening a library of household substances for inhibitors of phosphatases: An introduction to high-throughput screening. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 33:16-21. [PMID: 21638534 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.2005.494033010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Library screening methods are commonly used in industry and research. This article describes an experiment that screens a library of household substances for properties that would make a good "drug," including enzyme inhibition, neutral pH, and nondenaturing to proteins, using wheat germ acid phosphatase as the target protein. An adaptation of the experiment appropriate for lower level biochemistry or outreach is also described. This work was supported by Wabash College through the Haines Fund for the Study of Biochemistry and the National Science Foundation through Grant DUE 0126242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T S Taylor
- Chemistry Department, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933.
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28
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Hubbard RE. 3D structure and the drug-discovery process. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b514814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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