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Liu X, Yang Z, Liu C, Xu B, Wang X, Li Y, Xia J, Li D, Zhang C, Sun H, Yang Q. Identification of a type II LacNAc specific binding lectin CMRBL from Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123207. [PMID: 36632960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Cordyceps militaris gene CCM_03832 encodes a ricin-B like lectin. The gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its protein product, named CMRBL (C. militaris ricin-B like lectin), was purified by galactose affinity chromatography. Of nine different sources of erythrocytes, CMRBL showed only specific hemagglutinating activity against rat and rabbit erythrocytes with titers of 22 and 28, respectively. Glycan array analyses by the Consortium for Functional Glycomics showed that CMRBL possesses very high specific binding activity of glycans terminated with type II LacNAc (non-reducing Galβ1-4GlcNAc). Compared with other well-known Gal-terminated binding lectins such as Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, and Jacalin, CMRBL showed better binding specificity to type II LacNAc compared the other lectins. CMRBL showed lowest binding activity to ZR-75-30 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines among five tested cell lines (H22, THP-1, MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-30, and MDA-MB-468 cells). Transfection of type II LacNAc main galactosyltransferase B4GALT3 to ZR-75-30 significantly improved CMRBL binding activity compared with control. CMRBL was also applied for testing the type II LacNAc modification of Etanercept successfully. Our data suggest that CMRBL would be a useful tool to recognize type II LacNAc, especially distinguish type II from other galactose-terminated glycans in glycan biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zelan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Danni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Huayang Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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2
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Arnold JN, Mitchell DA. Tinker, tailor, soldier, cell: the role of C-type lectins in the defense and promotion of disease. Protein Cell 2022; 14:4-16. [PMID: 36726757 PMCID: PMC9871964 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) represent a large family of soluble and membrane-bound proteins which bind calcium dependently via carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) to glycan residues presented on the surface of a variety of pathogens. The deconvolution of a cell's glycan code by CTLs underpins several important physiological processes in mammals such as pathogen neutralization and opsonization, leukocyte trafficking, and the inflammatory response. However, as our knowledge of CTLs has developed it has become apparent that the role of this innate immune family of proteins can be double-edged, where some pathogens have developed approaches to subvert and exploit CTL interactions to promote infection and sustain the pathological state. Equally, CTL interactions with host glycoproteins can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and cancer whereby, in certain contexts, they exacerbate inflammation and drive malignant progression. This review discusses the 'dual agent' roles of some of the major mammalian CTLs in both resolving and promoting infection, inflammation and inflammatory disease and highlights opportunities and emerging approaches for their therapeutic modulation.
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3
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Phang R, Lin CH. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II LacNAc-Repeating Oligosaccharides as the Backbones of Tumor-Associated Lewis Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858894. [PMID: 35281035 PMCID: PMC8905443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I and Type-II LacNAc are Gal-GlcNAc disaccharides bearing a β1,3- or β1,4-linkage respectively. They exist as the backbones of Lewis antigens that are highly expressed in several cancers. Owing to the promise of developing carbohydrate-based anti-cancer vaccines, glycan synthesis at a large scale is indeed an important task. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II tandem repeat oligomers has been hampered by the presence of GlcNAc residues. Particularly, N-protecting group plays a determining role in affecting glycosyl donor’s reactivity and acceptor’s nucleophilicity. This review discusses several representative studies that assembled desirable glycans in an efficient manner, such as chemoselective one-pot synthesis and chemoenzymatic methods. Additionally, we also highlight solutions that have been offered to tackle long-lasting problems, e.g., prevention of the oxazoline formation and change of donor/acceptor reactivity. In retrospect of scientific achievements, we present the current restrictions and remaining challenges in this less explored frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riping Phang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Verma N, Tu Z, Lu MS, Liu SH, Renata S, Phang R, Liu PK, Ghosh B, Lin CH. Threshold of Thioglycoside Reactivity Difference Is Critical for Efficient Synthesis of Type I Oligosaccharides by Chemoselective Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:892-916. [PMID: 33320008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of type I LacNAc (Galβ1 → 3GlcNAc) oligosaccharides usually suffers from low yields. We herein report the efficient synthesis of type I LacNAc oligosaccharides by chemoselective glycosylation. With 16 relative reactivity values (RRVs) measured thiotoluenyl-linked disaccharide donors and acceptors, chemoselective glycosylations were investigated to obtain optimal conditions. In these reactions, the RRV difference between the donors and acceptors had to be more than 6311 to obtain type I LacNAc tetrasaccharides in 72-86% yields, with minimal occurrence of aglycon transfer. The threshold of RRV difference was further applied to plan the synthesis of longer glycans. Because it is challenging to measure the RRVs of tetrasaccharides, anomeric proton chemical shifts were utilized to predict the corresponding RRVs, which consequently explained the outcome of glycosylations for the synthesis of type I LacNAc hexasaccharides. The result supported the idea that elongation of glycan chains has to proceed from the reducing to the nonreducing end for a better yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Verma
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Septila Renata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Riping Phang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Kai Liu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bhaswati Ghosh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nan-kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Glycomic analysis of host response reveals high mannose as a key mediator of influenza severity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26926-26935. [PMID: 33046650 PMCID: PMC7604487 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008203117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes a range of outcomes from mild illness to death. The molecular mechanisms leading to these differential host responses are currently unknown. Herein, we identify the induction of high mannose, a glycan epitope, as a key mediator of severe disease outcome. We propose a mechanism in which activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon influenza virus infection induces cell surface high mannose, which is then recognized by the innate immune lectin MBL2, activating the complement cascade and leading to subsequent inflammation. This work is the first to systematically study host glycomic changes in response to influenza virus infection, identifying high mannose as a key feature of differential host response. Influenza virus infections cause a wide variety of outcomes, from mild disease to 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and ∼290,000 to 645,000 deaths annually worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disparate outcomes are currently unknown. Glycosylation within the human host plays a critical role in influenza virus biology. However, the impact these modifications have on the severity of influenza disease has not been examined. Herein, we profile the glycomic host responses to influenza virus infection as a function of disease severity using a ferret model and our lectin microarray technology. We identify the glycan epitope high mannose as a marker of influenza virus-induced pathogenesis and severity of disease outcome. Induction of high mannose is dependent upon the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, a pathway previously shown to associate with lung damage and severity of influenza virus infection. Also, the mannan-binding lectin (MBL2), an innate immune lectin that negatively impacts influenza outcomes, recognizes influenza virus-infected cells in a high mannose-dependent manner. Together, our data argue that the high mannose motif is an infection-associated molecular pattern on host cells that may guide immune responses leading to the concomitant damage associated with severity.
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6
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Glycan-Dependent and -Independent Dual Recognition between DC-SIGN and Type II Serine Protease MSPL/TMPRSS13 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A class of glycoproteins such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)/CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1(CEACAM1), CD26 (DPPIV), and mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) harbor tumor-associated glycans in colorectal cancer. In this study, we identified type II transmembrane mosaic serine protease large-form (MSPL) and its splice variant transmembrane protease serine 13 (TMPRSS13) as ligands of Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) on the colorectal cancer cells. DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin expressed on dendritic cells, serves as a pattern recognition receptor for numerous pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M. tuberculosis. DC-SIGN recognizes these glycoproteins in a Ca2+ dependent manner. Meanwhile, we found that MSPL proteolytically cleaves DC-SIGN in addition to the above glycan-mediated recognition. DC-SIGN was degraded more efficiently by MSPL when treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), suggesting that glycan-dependent interaction of the two molecules partially blocked DC-SIGN degradation. Our findings uncovered a dual recognition system between DC-SIGN and MSPL/TMPRSS13, providing new insight into the mechanism underlying colorectal tumor microenvironment.
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7
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Porfirio S, Archer-Hartmann S, Moreau GB, Ramakrishnan G, Haque R, Kirkpatrick BD, Petri WA, Azadi P. New strategies for profiling and characterization of human milk oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 2020; 30:774-786. [PMID: 32248230 PMCID: PMC7526734 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk is an incredibly rich and complex biofluid composed of proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates, including a diverse repertoire of free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Strikingly, HMOs are not digested by the infant but function as prebiotics for bacterial strains associated with numerous benefits. Considering the broad variety of beneficial effects of HMOs, and the vast number of factors that affect breast milk composition, the analysis of HMO diversity and complexity is of utmost relevance. Using human milk samples from a cohort of Bangladeshi mothers participating in a study on malnutrition and stunting in children, we have characterized breast milk oligosaccharide composition by means of permethylation followed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This approach identified over 100 different glycoforms and showed a wide diversity of milk composition, with a predominance of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs over nonmodified HMOs. We observed that these samples contain on average 80 HMOs, with the highest permethylated masses detected being >5000 mass units. Here we report an easily implemented method developed for the separation, characterization and relative quantitation of large arrays of HMOs, including higher molecular weight sialylated HMOs. Our ultimate goal is to create a simple, high-throughput method, which can be used for full characterization of sialylated and/or fucosylated HMOs. These results demonstrate how current analytical techniques can be applied to characterize human milk composition, providing new tools to help the scientific community shed new light on the impact of HMOs during infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Porfirio
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - G Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Girija Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Michalski M, Świerzko AS, Sawicki S, Kałużyński A, Łukasiewicz J, Maciejewska A, Wydra D, Cedzyński M. Interactions of ficolin-3 with ovarian cancer cells. Immunobiology 2019; 224:316-324. [PMID: 30846332 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficolin-3 is a pattern-recognition molecule with the ability to activate the lectin pathway of complement. It is found in lung, liver and blood, but its physiological role is unclear. We have investigated interaction of recombinant ficolin-3 with malignant cells and tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells of various lines of human origin as well as ovarian tissue sections have been studied with the use of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Recombinant (but not serum-derived) ficolin-3 was found to bind strongly to the ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and ES-2, at concentrations of 2.5 μg/ml and above. Moreover, His-tagged recombinant ficolin-3 (10 μg/ml) preferentially stained ovarian tissue sections from patients with malignant tumours compared with those from patients without. Binding to cell lines was inhibited by EDTA and specific carbohydrate ligands, indicating involvement of the fibrinogen-like domain. Binding was enhanced under mildly acidic conditions and at physiological pH after pre-incubation of cells with mildly acidic buffer. CONCLUSION Basing on data concerning recombinant protein, it may be suggested that ficolin-3 is involved in immune response in ovarian cancer. However, unidentified serum factor(s) seem(s) to protect cancer cells from recognition by natural or rficolin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sambor Sawicki
- Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kałużyński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Łukasiewicz
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maciejewska
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wydra
- Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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9
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Hangai S, Kimura Y, Taniguchi T, Yanai H. Innate Immune Receptors in the Regulation of Tumor Immunity. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Brazil JC, Sumagin R, Stowell SR, Lee G, Louis NA, Cummings RD, Parkos CA. Expression of Lewis-a glycans on polymorphonuclear leukocytes augments function by increasing transmigration. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:753-762. [PMID: 28600306 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ma0117-013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PMN-expressed fucosylated glycans from the Lewis glycan family, including Lewis-x (Lex) and sialyl Lewis-x (sLex), have previously been implicated in the regulation of important PMN functions, including selectin-mediated trafficking across vascular endothelium. Although glycans, such as Lex and sLex, which are based on the type 2 sequence (Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R), are abundant on PMNs, the presence of type 1 Galβ1-3GlcNAc-R glycans required for PMN expression of the closely related stereoisomer of Lex, termed Lewis-A (Lea), has not, to our knowledge, been reported. Here, we show that Lea is abundantly expressed by human PMNs and functionally regulates PMN migration. Using mAbs whose precise epitopes were determined using glycan array technology, Lea function was probed using Lea-selective mAbs and lectins, revealing increased PMN transmigration across model intestinal epithelia, which was independent of epithelial-expressed Lea Analyses of glycan synthetic machinery in PMNs revealed expression of β1-3 galactosyltransferase and α1-4 fucosyltransferase, which are required for Lea synthesis. Specificity of functional effects observed after ligation of Lea was confirmed by failure of anti-Lea mAbs to enhance migration using PMNs from individuals deficient in α1-4 fucosylation. These results demonstrate that Lea is expressed on human PMNs, and its specific engagement enhances PMN migration responses. We propose that PMN Lea represents a new target for modulating inflammation and regulating intestinal, innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; .,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Goo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy A Louis
- Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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The human fetoembryonic defense system hypothesis: Twenty years on. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:71-88. [PMID: 27349751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Efficient Synthesis of the Lewis A Tandem Repeat. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050614. [PMID: 27187324 PMCID: PMC6272916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of the Lewis A (Le(a)) tandem repeat is described. The Le(a) tandem repeat is a carbohydrate ligand for a mannose binding protein that shows potent inhibitory activity against carcinoma growth. The Le(a) unit, {β-d-Gal-(1→3)-[α-l-Fuc-(1→4)]-β-d-GlcNAc}, was synthesized by stereoselective nitrile-assisted β-galactosylation with the phenyl 3-O-allyl-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-galactoside, and ether-assisted α-fucosylation with fucosyl (N-phenyl)trifluoroacetimidate. This common Le(a) unit was easily converted to an acceptor and donor in high yields, and the stereoselective assembly of the hexasaccharide and dodecasaccharide as the Le(a) tandem repeat framework was achieved by 2-trichloroacetamido-assisted β-glycosylation and the (N-phenyl)trifluoroacetimidate method.
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13
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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14
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Function of the glycosyltransferase GnT-V in colitis. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:406-8. [PMID: 26703386 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Yan H, Kamiya T, Suabjakyong P, Tsuji NM. Targeting C-Type Lectin Receptors for Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:408. [PMID: 26379663 PMCID: PMC4547497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a large family of soluble and trans-membrane pattern recognition receptors that are widely and primarily expressed on myeloid cells. CLRs are important for cell-cell communication and host defense against pathogens through the recognition of specific carbohydrate structures. Similar to a family of Toll-like receptors, CLRs signaling are involved in the various steps for initiation of innate immune responses and promote secretion of soluble factors such as cytokines and interferons. Moreover, CLRs contribute to endocytosis and antigen presentation, thereby fine-tune adaptive immune responses. In addition, there may also be a direct activation of acquired immunity. On the other hand, glycans, such as mannose structures, Lewis-type antigens, or GalNAc are components of tumor antigens and ligate CLRs, leading to immunoregulation. Therefore, agonists or antagonists of CLRs signaling are potential therapeutic reagents for cancer immunotherapy. We aim to overview the current knowledge of CLRs signaling and the application of their ligands on tumor-associating immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Institute for Liver Disease, Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Tomomori Kamiya
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science , Noda-shi , Japan
| | - Papawee Suabjakyong
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
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16
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Shen L, Yu M, Xu X, Gao L, Ni J, Luo Z, Wu S. Knockdown of β3GnT8 reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition the biosynthesis of polylactosamine-type N-glycans. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2560-8. [PMID: 25269761 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is known to be associated with cancer chemoresistance. β-1,3-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase (β3GnT)8, which synthesizes polylactosamine on β1-6 branched N-glycans, is dramatically upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance remains a major obstacle to the chemotherapy of CRC. However, little is known with regard to the correlation between 5‑FU resistance and the expression of β3GnT8 in CRC. In this study, a 5-FU‑resistant cell line (SW620/5-FU) was generated, and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 5-FU was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and lectin blot analysis were performed to detect the alteration of polylactosamine structures. Quantitative RT-‑PCR and western blot analysis were used to identify and evaluate candidate genes involved in the synthesis of polylactosamine in SW620/5-FU cells. We found polylactosamine chains were significantly increased in SW620/5-FU cells. Inhibition of the biosynthesis of polylactosamine by 3'-azidothymidine (AZT) was able to reduce 5-FU tolerance. Further studies showed that β3GnT8 expression was also upregulated in 5-FU‑resistant cancer cells, and knockdown of β3GnT8 by RNA interference reversed 5-FU resistance through, at least partly, by suppressing the formation of polylactosamine. In conclusion, the alteration of β3GnT8 in CRC cells correlates with tumor sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug and has significant implication for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Meiyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianlong Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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17
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Chik JHL, Zhou J, Moh ESX, Christopherson R, Clarke SJ, Molloy MP, Packer NH. Comprehensive glycomics comparison between colon cancer cell cultures and tumours: implications for biomarker studies. J Proteomics 2014; 108:146-62. [PMID: 24840470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Altered glycosylation is commonly observed in colorectal cancer. In vitro models are frequently used to study this cancer but little is known about the differences that may exist between these model cell systems and tumour tissue. We have compared the membrane protein glycosylation of five colorectal cancer cell lines (SW1116, SW480, SW620, SW837, LS174T) with epithelial cells from colorectal tumours using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Remarkably, there were five abundant O-glycans in the tumour cells that were undetected in the low-mucin producing cell lines, although two were found in the mucinous LS174T cells. The O-glycans included the well-known glycan cancer marker, sialyl-Tn, which has been associated with mucins. Using qRT-PCR, sialyl-Tn expression was found to be associated with an increase in α2,6-sialyltransferase gene (ST6GALNAC1) and a decrease in core 1 synthase gene (C1GALT1) in LS174T cells. The expression of a subset of mucins (MUC2, MUC6, MUC5B) was also correlated with sialyl-Tn expression in LS174T cells. Overall, the membrane protein glycosylation of the model cell lines was found to differ from each other and from the epithelial cells of tumour tissue. These findings should be noted in the design of biomarker discovery experiments particularly when cell surface targets are being investigated. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The extent of protein glycosylation differences between in vitro cell lines and ex vivo tumours in colorectal cancer research is unknown. Our study expands current knowledge by characterising the membrane protein glycosylation profiles of five different colorectal cancer cell lines and of epithelial cells derived from resected colorectal cancer tumour tissue, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The detailed structural differences found in both N- and O-linked glycan structures on the membrane glycoproteins were determined and correlated with the mRNA expression of the relevant proteins in the cell lines. The glycosylation differences found between cultured cancer cell lines and epithelial cells from tumour tissue have important implications for glycan biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny H L Chik
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerry Zhou
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Nonaka M, Imaeda H, Matsumoto S, Yong Ma B, Kawasaki N, Mekata E, Andoh A, Saito Y, Tani T, Fujiyama Y, Kawasaki T. Mannan-binding protein, a C-type serum lectin, recognizes primary colorectal carcinomas through tumor-associated Lewis glycans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1294-301. [PMID: 24391218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mannan (mannose)-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type serum lectin that plays a key role in innate immunity. MBP forms large multimers (200-600 kDa) and exhibits broad specificity for mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose. MBP exhibits high affinity for unique oligosaccharides that have been isolated from human colorectal carcinoma (SW1116) cells and characterized as highly fucosylated high m.w. type 1 Lewis glycans. In this study, we first demonstrated that MBP recognizes human primary colorectal carcinoma tissues through tumor-associated MBP ligands. We performed fluorescence-based histochemistry of MBP in human colorectal carcinoma tissues and showed that MBP clearly stained cancer mucosae in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Coincubation with plant (Aleuria aurantia) lectin, but not Con A, blocked MBP staining, indicating that fucose, rather than mannose, is involved in this interaction. The expression of MBP ligands was detected in 127 of 330 patients (38.5%), whereas, most significantly, there was no expression in 69 nonmalignant tissues. The MBP-staining pattern in cancer mucosae significantly overlapped with that of Lewis b [Fucα1-2Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc] staining, but the Lewis b staining in normal tissues was not associated with MBP staining. In addition, the MBP staining correlated inversely with the expression of CA19-9 Ag, and MBP stained 11 of 25 (44%) CA19-9 (sialyl Lewis a [NeuAc(α2-3)Galβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc])(-) colorectal carcinoma tissues. We found a favorable prognosis in patients with MBP ligand(+) tumors. These results suggest that selective recognition of cancer cells by endogenous MBP seems to be associated with an antitumor effect and that tissue staining with MBP in combination with CA19-9 may serve as a novel indicator of colorectal carcinoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nonaka
- Research Center for Glycobiotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Kawabe K, Tateyama D, Toyoda H, Kawasaki N, Hashii N, Nakao H, Matsumoto S, Nonaka M, Matsumura H, Hirose Y, Morita A, Katayama M, Sakuma M, Kawasaki N, Furue MK, Kawasaki T. A novel antibody for human induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells recognizes a type of keratan sulfate lacking oversulfated structures. Glycobiology 2012; 23:322-36. [PMID: 23154990 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a monoclonal antibody (R-10G) specific to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (hES) cells by using hiPS cells (Tic) as an antigen, followed by differential screening of mouse hybridomas with hiPS and human embryonal carcinoma (hEC) cells. Upon western blotting with R-10G, hiPS/ES cell lysates gave a single but an unusually diffuse band at a position corresponding to >250 kDa. The antigen protein was isolated from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lysates with an affinity column of R-10G. The R-10G positive band was resistant to digestion with peptide N-glycanase F (PNGase F), neuraminidase, fucosidase, chondrotinase ABC and heparinase mix, but it disappeared almost completely on digestion with keratanase, keratanase II and endo-β-galactosidase, indicating that the R-10G epitope is a keratan sulfate. The carrier protein of the R-10G epitope was identified as podocalyxin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of the R-10G positive-protein band material obtained on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The R-10G epitope is a type of keratan sulfate with some unique properties. (1) The epitope is expressed only on hiPS/ES cells, i.e. not on hEC cells, unlike those recognized by the conventional hiPS/ES marker antibodies. (2) The epitope is a type of keratan sulfate lacking oversulfated structures and is not immunologically cross-reactive with high-sulfated keratan sulfate. (3) The R-10G epitope is distributed heterogeneously on hiPS cells, suggesting that a single colony of undifferentiated hiPS cells consists of different cell subtypes. Thus, R-10G is a novel antibody recognizing hiPS/ES cells, and should be a new molecular probe for disclosing the roles of glycans on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kawabe
- Research Center for Glycobiotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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20
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Swierzko AS, Kilpatrick DC, Cedzynski M. Mannan-binding lectin in malignancy. Mol Immunol 2012; 55:16-21. [PMID: 23062612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Complement may play a dual role in cancer: it may contribute either to the development or to the inhibition of tumour growth. Its components may be candidate biomarkers facilitating the disease detection, its progress or effectiveness of therapy. Additionally, complement deficiencies may increase the risk of infections and contribute to the higher mortality, especially in patients undergoing aggressive chemotherapy. In this paper, possible cancer associations of one of the factors activating complement via the lectin pathway, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Swierzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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21
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22
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Debois D, Smargiasso N, Demeure K, Asakawa D, Zimmerman TA, Quinton L, De Pauw E. MALDI in-source decay, from sequencing to imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:117-41. [PMID: 22976457 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is now a mature method allowing the identification and, more challenging, the quantification of biopolymers (proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, etc). MALDI spectra show mostly intact singly charged ions. To obtain fragments, the activation of singly charged precursors is necessary, but not efficient above 3.5 kDa, thus making MALDI MS/MS difficult for large species. In-source decay (ISD) is a prompt fragmentation reaction that can be induced thermally or by radicals. As fragments are formed in the source, precursor ions cannot be selected; however, the technique is not limited by the mass of the analyzed compounds and pseudo MS3 can be performed on intense fragments. The discovery of new matrices that enhance the ISD yield, combined with the high sensitivity of MALDI mass spectrometers, and software development, opens new perspectives. We first review the mechanisms involved in the ISD processes, then discuss ISD applications like top-down sequencing and post-translational modifications (PTMs) studies, and finally review MALDI-ISD tissue imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Debois
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-R, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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23
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Abstract
As drastic structural changes in cell-surface glycans of glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, as well as serum glycoproteins, are often observed during cell differentiation and cancer progression, it is considered that glycans can be potential candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Although there have been substantial advances in our understanding of the effects of glycosylation on some biological systems, we still do not fully understand the significance and mechanism of glycoform alteration that is widely observed in many human diseases. This is due to the highly complicated structures of the glycans and the extremely tedious and time-consuming processes required for their separation from complex mixtures and their subsequent analysis. As a result, with a few notable exceptions, the therapeutic potential of complex glycans has not been well exploited. This article is focused on the state of the art and current advances in glycomics, and efforts for the development of automated glycan analysis, which should greatly accelerate functional glycobiology and its medical/pharmaceutical applications. The "glycoblotting method" is the only method currently available that allows rapid and large-scale clinical glycomics of human whole-serum glycoproteins, because it requires very little material and, when combined with an automated system "SweetBlot," takes only ∼14h to complete whole glycan profiling by mass spectrometry. The upcoming goal is to combine glycoblotting methods and various MS-based platforms for the development of a fully automated glycan analytical system and accelerating research to discover highly sensitive and clinically important biomarker molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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25
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Smargiasso N, De Pauw E. Optimization of Matrix Conditions for the Control of MALDI In-Source Decay of Permethylated Glycans. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9248-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1017452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Smargiasso
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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26
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Kawasaki N, Kawasaki T. Recognition of Endogenous Ligands by C-Type Lectins:Interaction of Serum Mannan-binding Protein with Tumor-associated Oligosaccharide Epitopes. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2010. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.22.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Tateno H, Ohnishi K, Yabe R, Hayatsu N, Sato T, Takeya M, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Dual specificity of Langerin to sulfated and mannosylated glycans via a single C-type carbohydrate recognition domain. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:6390-400. [PMID: 20026605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is categorized as a C-type lectin selectively expressed in Langerhans cells, playing roles in the first line of defense against pathogens and in Birbeck granule formation. Although these functions are thought to be exerted through glycan-binding activity of the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain, sugar-binding properties of Langerin have not been fully elucidated in relation to its biological functions. Here, we investigated the glycan-binding specificity of Langerin using comprehensive glycoconjugate microarray, quantitative frontal affinity chromatography, and conventional cell biological analyses. Langerin showed outstanding affinity to galactose-6-sulfated oligosaccharides, including keratan sulfate, while it preserved binding activity to mannose, as a common feature of the C-type lectins with an EPN motif. By a mutagenesis study, Lys-299 and Lys-313 were found to form extended binding sites for sulfated glycans. Consistent with the former observation, the sulfated Langerin ligands were found to be expressed in brain and spleen, where the transcript of keratan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase is expressed. Moreover, such sulfated ligands were up-regulated in glioblastoma relative to normal brain tissues, and Langerin-expressing cells were localized in malignant brain tissues. Langerin also recognized pathogenic fungi, such as Candida and Malassezia, expressing heavily mannosylated glycans. These observations provide strong evidence that Langerin mediates diverse functions on Langerhans cells through dual recognition of sulfated as well as mannosylated glycans by its uniquely evolved C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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28
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Nakamura N, Nonaka M, Ma BY, Matsumoto S, Kawasaki N, Asano S, Kawasaki T. Characterization of the interaction between serum mannan-binding protein and nucleic acid ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:737-48. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1008674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Lin CH, Fan YY, Chen YY, Wang SH, Chen CI, Yu LC, Khoo KH. Enhanced expression of beta 3-galactosyltransferase 5 activity is sufficient to induce in vivo synthesis of extended type 1 chains on lactosylceramides of selected human colonic carcinoma cell lines. Glycobiology 2009; 19:418-27. [PMID: 19136585 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, an elevated expression of beta 3-galactosyltransferase (beta 3GalT) activity contributed by beta 3GalT5 correlates well with increased biosynthesis and expression of type 1 chain (Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-) derivatives such as Lewis A and sialyl Lewis A, which are mostly recognized as terminal epitopes and not further extended. Most known beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases show a higher activity toward extending type 2 chain (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-), and an over-expression of beta 3GalT5 could suppress the formation of the type 2 chain poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans. The potential of extending instead the predominant type 1 chain termini synthesized under such circumstances was, however, not investigated, partly due to technical difficulty in unambiguous identification of extended type 1 chains. Using an advanced mass spectrometry-based glycomic mapping and glycan sequencing approach, we show here that type 1 chains carried on the lacto-series glycosphingolipids of colonic carcinoma cells can be extended when the endogenous beta 3GalT activity relative to competing beta 4GalT activity, as defined against a common GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc acceptor, is sufficiently high, as found in Colo205 and SW1116, but not in DLD-1 cells. In support of this positive correlation, the lacto-series glycosphingolipids isolated from stably transfected DLD-1 clones over-expressing beta 3GalT5 were shown to comprise fucosylated dimeric type 1 chains, whereas a mock transfectant and the DLD-1 parent carried only fucosylated dimeric type 2 chains on their lactosylceramides. It suggests that while the natural expression of extended type 1 chain is likely to be determined by many contributing factors including the relative amounts of competing glycosyltransferases and the UDP-Gal level, the enhanced expression of beta 3GalT5 is sufficient to promote in vivo extension of type 1 chains by furnishing a significantly higher amount of type 1 chain precursors relative to competing type 2 chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Lin
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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30
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Kawasaki N, Lin CW, Inoue R, Khoo KH, Kawasaki N, Ma BY, Oka S, Ishiguro M, Sawada T, Ishida H, Hashimoto T, Kawasaki T. Highly fucosylated N-glycan ligands for mannan-binding protein expressed specifically on CD26 (DPPVI) isolated from a human colorectal carcinoma cell line, SW1116. Glycobiology 2009; 19:437-50. [PMID: 19129245 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a host defense C-type lectin specific for mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose residues, and exhibits growth inhibitory activity toward human colorectal carcinoma cells. The MBP-ligand oligosaccharides (MLO) isolated from a human colorectal carcinoma cell line, SW1116, are large, multiantennary N-glycans with highly fucosylated polylactosamine-type structures having Le(b)-Le(a) or tandem repeats of the Le(a) structure at their nonreducing ends. In this study, we isolated the major MBP-ligand glycoproteins from SW1116 cell lysates with an MBP column and identified them as CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) (110 kDa) and CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc)/4F2hc (82 kDa). Glycosidase digestion revealed that CD26 contained such complex-type N-glycans that appear to mediate the MBP binding. MALDI-MS of the N-glycans released from CD26 by PNGase F demonstrated conclusively that CD26 is the major MLO-carrying protein. More interestingly, a comparison of the N-glycans released from the MBP-binding and non-MBP-binding glycopeptides suggested that complex-type N-glycans carrying a minimum of 4 Le(a)/Le(b) epitopes arranged either as multimeric tandem repeats or terminal epitopes on multiantennary structures are critically important for the high affinity binding to MBP. Analysis of the N-glycan attachment sites demonstrated that the high affinity MLO was expressed preferentially at some N-glycosylation sites, but this site preference was not so stringent. Finally, hypothetical 3D models of tandem repeats of the Le(a) epitope and the MBP-Lewis oligosaccharide complex were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Kawasaki
- Research Center for Glycobiotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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31
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Nonaka M, Ma BY, Kaswasaki T. Colorectal carcinoma-associated carbohydrate recognition and tumor-immunological regulation by C-type lectin DC-SIGN. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Hedegaard CJ, Chen N, Sellebjerg F, Sørensen PS, Leslie RGQ, Bendtzen K, Nielsen CH. Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) in healthy individuals and in patients with multiple sclerosis: a role in regulating cytokine responses to MBP. Immunology 2008; 128:e451-61. [PMID: 19191913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-myelin basic protein (-MBP) autoantibodies have generally been considered to be absent from sera from healthy individuals, but to be detectable in sera from some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, their pathogenic role is uncertain. We demonstrate the presence of MBP-reactive autoantibodies in sera from 17 healthy individuals and 17 MS patients. The addition of MBP to the sera caused a dose-dependent deposition of MBP and co-deposition of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and fragments of complement component 3 (C3) on allogeneic monocytes. Calcium chelation abrogated the immunoglobulin deposition, indicating that formation of complement-activating immune complexes played a role in the binding process. Furthermore, MBP elicited tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10 production by normal mononuclear cells in the presence of serum from both patients and controls. Mononuclear cells from MS patients responded to MBP with the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5, in addition to TNF-alpha and IL-10. The production of IFN-gamma and IL-5 was increased when MS serum was added rather than normal serum. Denaturation of MBP strongly inhibited MBP deposition and the MBP-induced IgM deposition and cytokine production, indicating that these events were facilitated by autoantibodies recognizing conformational epitopes on MBP. We infer that MBP-elicited TNF-alpha and IL-10 responses are promoted to equal extents by naturally occurring MBP autoantibodies and autoantibodies contained in MS sera. However, the latter seem to be more efficient in facilitating the production of IFN-gamma and IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hedegaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ishida YI, Yamashita K, Sasaki H, Takajou I, Kubuki Y, Morishita K, Tsubouchi H, Okayama A. Activation of complement system in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) occurs mainly through lectin pathway: A serum proteomic approach using mass spectrometry. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Seko A, Yamashita K. Activation of beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2 (beta3Gn-T2) by beta3Gn-T8. Possible involvement of beta3Gn-T8 in increasing poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains in differentiated HL-60 cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:33094-100. [PMID: 18826941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806933200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic activities of some glycosyltransferases are markedly increased via complex formation with other transferases or cofactor proteins. We previously showed that beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2 (beta3Gn-T2) and beta3Gn-T8 can form a heterodimer in vitro and that the complex exhibits much higher enzymatic activity than either enzyme alone (Seko, A., and Yamashita, K. (2005) Glycobiology 15, 943-951). Here we examined this activation and the biological significance of complex formation in differentiated HL-60 cells. beta3Gn-T2 and -T8 were co-immunoprecipitated from the lysates of both-transfected COS-7 cells, indicating their association in vivo. We prepared inactive mutants of both enzymes by destroying the DXD motifs. The mixture of mutated beta3Gn-T2 and intact beta3Gn-T8 did not exhibit any activation, whereas the mixture of intact beta3Gn-T2 and mutated beta3Gn-T8 had increased activity, indicating the activation of beta3Gn-T2 via complex formation. Next, we compared expression levels of beta3Gn-T1-T8 in HL-60 cells and DMSO-treated differentiated HL-60 cells, which produce larger poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. The expression level of beta3Gn-T8 in the differentiated cells was 2.6-fold higher than in the untreated cells. Overexpression of beta3Gn-T8, but not beta3Gn-T2, induced an increase in poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains in HL-60 cells. These results raise a possibility that up-regulation of beta3Gn-T8 in differentiated HL-60 cells increases poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains by activating intrinsic beta3Gn-T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Seko
- Innovative Research Initiatives, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Fan YY, Yu SY, Ito H, Kameyama A, Sato T, Lin CH, Yu LC, Narimatsu H, Khoo KH. Identification of Further Elongation and Branching of Dimeric Type 1 Chain on Lactosylceramides from Colonic Adenocarcinoma by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Sequencing Analyses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16455-68. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707274200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nonaka M, Ma BY, Murai R, Nakamura N, Baba M, Kawasaki N, Hodohara K, Asano S, Kawasaki T. Glycosylation-Dependent Interactions of C-Type Lectin DC-SIGN with Colorectal Tumor-Associated Lewis Glycans Impair the Function and Differentiation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3347-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yu SY, Wu SW, Khoo KH. Distinctive characteristics of MALDI-Q/TOF and TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry for sequencing of permethylated complex type N-glycans. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:355-69. [PMID: 16897178 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-8492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Concerted MALDI-MS profiling and CID MS/MS sequencing of permethylated glycans is one of the most effective approaches for high throughput glycomics applications. In essence, the identification of larger complex type N-glycans necessitates an unambiguous definition of any modification on the trimannosyl core and the complement of non-reducing terminal sequences which constitute the respective antennary structures. Permethylation not only affords analyses of both neutral and sialylated glycans at comparable ease and sensitivity but also yields more sequence-informative fragmentation pattern. Facile glycosidic cleavages directed mostly at N-acetylglucosamine under low energy CID, as implemented on a quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q/TOF) instrument, often afford multiple losses of the attached antenna resulting in characteristic ions related to the number of antennary branches on the trimannosyl core. Non-reducing terminal epitopes can be easily deduced but information on the linkage specific substituent on the terminal units is often missing. The high energy CID MS/MS afforded by TOF/TOF instrument can fill in the gap by giving an array of additional cross-ring and satellite ions. Glycosidic cleavages occurring specifically in concert with loss of 2-linked or 3-linked substituents provide an effective way to identify the branch-specific antennary extension. These characteristics are shown here to be effective in deriving the sequences of additionally galactosylated, sialylated and fucosylated terminal N-acetyllactosamine units and their antennary location. Together, a highly reproducible fragmentation pattern can be formulated to simplify spectral assignment. This work also provides first real examples of sequencing multiply sialylated complex type N-glycans by high energy CID on a TOF/TOF instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Holgersson J, Löfling J. Glycosyltransferases involved in type 1 chain and Lewis antigen biosynthesis exhibit glycan and core chain specificity. Glycobiology 2006; 16:584-93. [PMID: 16484342 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis A (SLe(a)), Lewis A (Le(a)), and Lewis B (Le(b)) have been studied in many different biological contexts, for example in microbial adhesion and cancer. Their biosynthesis is complex and involves beta1,3-galactosyltransferases (beta3Gal-Ts) and a combined action of alpha2- and/or alpha4-fucosyltransferases (Fuc-Ts). Further, O-glycans with different core structures have been identified, and the ability of beta3Gal-Ts and Fuc-Ts to use these as substrates has not been resolved. Therefore, to examine the in vivo specificity of enzymes involved in SLe(a), Le(a), and Le(b) synthesis, we have transiently transfected CHO-K1 cells with relevant human glycosyltransferases and, on secreted reporter proteins, detected the resulting Lewis antigens on N- and O-linked glycans using western blotting and Le-specific antibodies. beta3Gal-T1, -T2, and -T5 could synthesize type 1 chains on N-linked glycans, but only beta3Gal-T5 worked on O-linked glycans. The latter enzyme could use both core 2 and core 3 precursor structures. Furthermore, the specificity of FUT5 and FUT3 in Le(a) and Le(b) synthesis was different, with FUT5 fucosylating H type 1 only on core 2, but FUT3 fucosylating H type 1 much more efficient on core 3 than on core 2. Finally, FUT1 and FUT2 were both found to direct alpha2-fucosylation on type 1 chains on both N- and O-linked structures. This knowledge enables us to engineer recombinant glycoproteins with glycan- and core chain-specific Lewis antigen substitution. Such tools will be important for investigations on the fine carbohydrate specificity of Le(b)-binding lectins, such as Helicobacter pylori adhesins and DC-SIGN, and may also prove useful as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holgersson
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hirano M, Ma BY, Kawasaki N, Okimura K, Baba M, Nakagawa T, Miwa K, Kawasaki N, Oka S, Kawasaki T. Mannan-Binding Protein Blocks the Activation of Metalloproteases Meprin α and β. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3177-85. [PMID: 16116208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type serum lectin that is known to be a host defense factor involved in innate immunity, and recognizes mannose, fucose, and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Although some exogenous MBP ligands have been reported, little is known about its endogenous ligands. In the present study, we found that endogenous MBP ligands are highly expressed in the brush border epithelial cells of kidney-proximal tubules by immunohistochemistry, and both meprin alpha and beta (meprins), as novel endogenous MBP ligands, have been identified through affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Meprins are membrane-bound and secreted zinc metalloproteases extensively glycosylated and highly expressed in kidney and small intestinal epithelial cells, leukocytes, and certain cancer cells. Meprins are capable of cleaving growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and biologically active peptides. Deglycosylation experiments indicated that the MBP ligands on meprins are high mannose- or complex-type N-glycans. The interaction of MBP with meprins resulted in significant decreases in the proteolytic activity and matrix-degrading ability of meprins. Our results suggest that core N-linked oligosaccharides on meprins are associated with the optimal enzymatic activity and that MBP is an important regulator for modulation of the localized meprin proteolytic activity via N-glycan binding. Because meprins are known to be some of the major matrix-degrading metalloproteases in the kidney and intestine, MBP, which functions as a natural and effective inhibitor of meprins, may contribute, as a potential therapeutic target, to tumor progression by facilitating the migration, intravasation, and metastasis of carcinoma cells, and to acute renal failure and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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