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Gebremicael G, Gebreegziabxier A, Kassa D. Low transcriptomic of PTPRCv1 and CD3E is an independent predictor of mortality in HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patient. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10133. [PMID: 35710869 PMCID: PMC9203579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of immunological profiles during HIV-TB co-infection is essential to predict mortality, and facilitate the development of effective diagnostic assays, therapeutic agents, and vaccines. Expression levels of 105 immune-related genes were measured at enrolment and 6th month follow-up from 9 deceased HIV and TB coinfected patients who died between 3 and 7th months follow-up and at enrolment, 6th and 18th month from 18 survived matched controls groups for 2 years. Focused gene expression profiling was assessed from peripheral whole blood using a dual-color Reverse-Transcription Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay. Eleven of the 105 selected genes were differentially expressed between deceased individuals and survivor-matched controls at baseline. At baseline, IL4δ2 was significantly more highly expressed in the deceased group than survivor matched controls, whereas CD3E, IL7R, PTPRCv1, CCL4, GNLY, BCL2, CCL5, NOD1, TLR3, and NLRP13 had significantly lower expression levels in the deceased group compared to survivor matched controls. At baseline, a non-parametric receiver operator characteristic curve was conducted to determine the prediction of mortality of single genes identified CCL5, PTPRCv1, CD3E, and IL7R with Area under the Curve of 0.86, 0.86, 0.86, and 0.85 respectively. The expression of these genes in the survived control was increased at the end of TB treatment from that at baseline, while decreased in the deceased group. The expression of PTPRCv1, CD3E, CCL5, and IL7R host genes in peripheral blood of patients with TB-HIV coinfected can potentially be used as a predictor of mortality in the Ethiopian setting. Anti-TB treatment might be less likely to restore gene expression in the level expression of the deceased group. Therefore, other new therapeutics that can restore these genes (PTPRCv1, CD3E, IL7R, and CCL5) in the deceased groups at baseline might be needed to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desta Kassa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), P.O.Box: 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Abstract
The modulation of tuberculosis (TB)-induced immunopathology caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coinfection remains incompletely understood but underlies the change seen in the natural history, presentation, and prognosis of TB in such patients. The deleterious combination of these two pathogens has been dubbed a "deadly syndemic," with each favoring the replication of the other and thereby contributing to accelerated disease morbidity and mortality. HIV-1 is the best-recognized risk factor for the development of active TB and accounts for 13% of cases globally. The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has considerably mitigated this risk. Rapid roll-out of ART globally and the recent recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) to initiate ART for everyone living with HIV at any CD4 cell count should lead to further reductions in HIV-1-associated TB incidence because susceptibility to TB is inversely proportional to CD4 count. However, it is important to note that even after successful ART, patients with HIV-1 are still at increased risk for TB. Indeed, in settings of high TB incidence, the occurrence of TB often remains the first presentation of, and thereby the entry into, HIV care. As advantageous as ART-induced immune recovery is, it may also give rise to immunopathology, especially in the lower-CD4-count strata in the form of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome will continue to impact the HIV-TB syndemic.
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Suarez GV, Angerami MT, Vecchione MB, Laufer N, Turk G, Ruiz MJ, Mesch V, Fabre B, Maidana P, Ameri D, Cahn P, Sued O, Salomón H, Bottasso OA, Quiroga MF. HIV-TB coinfection impairs CD8(+) T-cell differentiation and function while dehydroepiandrosterone improves cytotoxic antitubercular immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2529-41. [PMID: 26047476 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV-positive patients. The decreasing frequencies of terminal effector (TTE ) CD8(+) T cells may increase reactivation risk in persons latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We have previously shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases the protective antitubercular immune responses in HIV-TB patients. Here, we aimed to study Mtb-specific cytotoxicity, IFN-γ secretion, memory status of CD8(+) T cells, and their modulation by DHEA during HIV-TB coinfection. CD8(+) T cells from HIV-TB patients showed a more differentiated phenotype with diminished naïve and higher effector memory and TTE T-cell frequencies compared to healthy donors both in total and Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells. Notably, CD8(+) T cells from HIV-TB patients displayed higher Terminal Effector (TTE ) CD45RA(dim) proportions with lower CD45RA expression levels, suggesting a not fully differentiated phenotype. Also, PD-1 expression levels on CD8(+) T cells from HIV-TB patients increased although restricted to the CD27(+) population. Interestingly, DHEA plasma levels positively correlated with TTE in CD8(+) T cells and in vitro DHEA treatment enhanced Mtb-specific cytotoxic responses and terminal differentiation in CD8(+) T cells from HIV-TB patients. Our data suggest that HIV-TB coinfection promotes a deficient CD8(+) T-cell differentiation, whereas DHEA may contribute to improving antitubercular immunity by enhancing CD8(+) T-cell functions during HIV-TB coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe V Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Matías T Angerami
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - María B Vecchione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Natalia Laufer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina.,Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Maria J Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Viviana Mesch
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, INFIBIOC, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Fabre
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, INFIBIOC, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Maidana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, INFIBIOC, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Ameri
- Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Área de Investigaciones Médicas, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Área de Investigaciones Médicas, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Salomón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María F Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Argentina
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4
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Rhee I, Veillette A. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:439-47. [PMID: 22513334 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation must be tightly regulated to ensure sufficient immunity to pathogens and prevent autoimmunity. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serve critical roles in this regulation by controlling the functions of key receptors and intracellular signaling molecules in lymphocytes. In some cases, PTPs inhibit lymphocyte activation, whereas in others they promote it. Here we discuss recent progress in elucidating the roles and mechanisms of action of PTPs in lymphocyte activation. We also review the accumulating evidence that genetic alterations in PTPs are involved in human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmoo Rhee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Martínez-Florensa M, García-Blesa A, Yélamos J, Muñoz-Suano A, Domínguez-Villar M, Valdor R, Alonso A, García-Cózar F, Aparicio P, Malissen B, Aguado E. Serine residues in the LAT adaptor are essential for TCR-dependent signal transduction. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:63-73. [PMID: 20940326 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0509342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein LAT has a prominent role in the transduction of intracellular signals elicited by the TCR/CD3 complex. Upon TCR engagement, LAT becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated and thereby, recruits to the membrane several proteins implicated in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. However, little is known about the role of other conserved motifs present in the LAT sequence. Here, we report that the adaptor LAT contains several conserved serine-based motifs, which are essential for proper signal transduction through the TCR. Mutation of these serine motifs in the human T cell line Jurkat prevents proper calcium influx, MAPK activation, and IL-2 production in response to TCR/CD3 stimulation. Moreover, this mutant form of LAT has a reduced ability to bind to PLC-γ1 and SLP-76, although phosphorylation of tyrosine residues 132, 171, and 191 is not decreased, raising a possible role for the serine-based motifs of LAT for the binding of important partners. The functional role of LAT serine-based motifs in signal transduction could be mediated by an effect on tyrosine phosphorylation, as their mutation significantly diminishes the phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 226. In addition, these serine motifs seem to have a regulatory role, given that upon their mutation, ZAP-70 shows enhanced phosphorylation. Therefore, the LAT serine-based motifs likely regulate signaling pathways that are essential for T cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Departamento de Bioquimíca, Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Pericolini E, Gabrielli E, Bistoni G, Cenci E, Perito S, Chow SK, Riuzzi F, Donato R, Casadevall A, Vecchiarelli A. Role of CD45 signaling pathway in galactoxylomannan-induced T cell damage. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12720. [PMID: 20856869 PMCID: PMC2939064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Galactoxylomannan (GalXM) activates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways through an interaction with the glycoreceptors on T cells. In this study we establish the role of the glycoreceptor CD45 in GalXM-induced T cell apoptosis, using CD45(+/+) and CD45(-/-) cell lines, derived from BW5147 murine T cell lymphoma. Our results show that whereas CD45 expression is not required for GalXM association by the cells, it is essential for apoptosis induction. In CD45(+/+) cells, CD45 triggering by GalXM reduces the activation of Lck, ZAP70 and Erk1/2. Conversely, in CD45(-/-) cells, Lck was hyperphosphorylated and did not show any modulation after GalXM stimulation. On the whole, our findings provide evidence that the negative regulation of Lck activation occurs via CD45 engagement. This appears to be related to the capacity of GalXM to antagonize T cell activation and induce T cell death. Overall this mechanism may be responsible for the immune paralysis that follows GalXM administration and could explain the powerful immunosuppression that accompanies cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pericolini
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Gabrielli
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Cenci
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Perito
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Siu-Kei Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology and Anatomy Sections, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Saunders AE, Johnson P. Modulation of immune cell signalling by the leukocyte common tyrosine phosphatase, CD45. Cell Signal 2010; 22:339-48. [PMID: 19861160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is a leukocyte specific transmembrane glycoprotein and a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). CD45 can be expressed as several alternatively spliced isoforms that differ in the extracellular domain. The isoforms are regulated in a cell type and activation state-dependent manner, yet their function has remained elusive. The Src family kinase members Lck and Lyn are key substrates for CD45 in T and B lymphocytes, respectively. CD45 lowers the threshold of antigen receptor signalling, which impacts T and B cell activation and development. CD45 also regulates antigen triggered Fc receptor signalling in mast cells and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling in dendritic cells, thus broadening the role of CD45 to other recognition receptors involved in adaptive and innate immunity. In addition, CD45 can affect immune cell adhesion and migration and can modulate cytokine production and signalling. Here we review what is known about the substrate specificity and regulation of CD45 and summarise its effect on immune cell signalling pathways, from its established role in T and B antigen receptor signalling to its emerging role regulating innate immune cell recognition and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Earl LA, Bi S, Baum LG. N- and O-glycans modulate galectin-1 binding, CD45 signaling, and T cell death. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2232-44. [PMID: 19920154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding protein highly expressed in the thymus, induces apoptosis of specific thymocyte subsets and activated T cells. Galectin-1 binds to N- and O-glycans on several glycoprotein receptors, including CD7, CD43, and CD45. Here we show that galectin-1 signaling through CD45, which carries both N- and O-glycans, is regulated by CD45 isoform expression, core 2 O-glycan formation and the balance of N-glycan sialylation. Regulation of galectin-1 T cell death by O-glycans is mediated through CD45 phosphatase activity. While galectin-1 signaling in cells expressing low molecular weight isoforms of CD45 requires expression of core 2 O-glycans (high affinity ligands for galectin-1), galectin-1 signaling in cells expressing a high molecular weight isoform of CD45 does not require core 2 O-glycans, suggesting that a larger amount of core 1 O-glycans (low affinity ligands for galectin-1) is sufficient to overcome lack of core 2 O-glycans. Furthermore, regulation of galectin-1 signaling by alpha2,6-sialylation of N-glycans is not solely dependent on CD45 phosphatase activity and can be modulated by the relative expression of enzymes that attach sialic acid in an alpha2,6- or alpha2,3-linkage. Thus, N- and O-glycans modulate galectin-1 T cell death by distinct mechanisms, and different glycosylation events can render thymocytes susceptible or resistant to galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Earl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Pang M, He J, Johnson P, Baum LG. CD45-mediated fodrin cleavage during galectin-1 T cell death promotes phagocytic clearance of dying cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7001-8. [PMID: 19454697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disassembly and phagocytic removal of dying cells is critical to maintain immune homeostasis. The factors that regulate fragmentation and uptake of dying lymphocytes are not well understood. Degradation of fodrin, a cytoskeletal linker molecule that attaches CD45 to the actin cytoskeleton, has been described in apoptotic cells, although no specific initiator of fodrin degradation has been identified. CD45 is a glycoprotein receptor for galectin-1, an endogenous lectin that can trigger lymphocyte apoptosis, although CD45 is not required for phosphatidylserine externalization or DNA degradation during galectin-1 death. In this study, we show that fodrin degradation occurs during galectin-1 T cell death and that CD45 is essential for fodrin degradation to occur. In the absence of CD45, or if fodrin degradation is prevented, galectin-1-induced cell death is not accompanied by membrane blebbing, although phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA degradation proceed, indicating that fodrin degradation occurs via a distinct pathway compared with the pathway that leads to these other hallmarks of cell death. Moreover, there is slower phagocytic uptake by macrophages of T cells in which fodrin degradation is prevented, relative to T cells in which CD45-mediated fodrin degradation occurs. These studies identify a novel role for CD45 in regulating cellular disassembly and promoting phagocytic clearance during galectin-1-induced T cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Pang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Genestra M. Oxyl radicals, redox-sensitive signalling cascades and antioxidants. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1807-19. [PMID: 17570640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an increase in the reduction potential or a large decrease in the reducing capacity of the cellular redox couples. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage. In animals, ROS may influence cell proliferation, cell death (either apoptosis or necrosis) and the expression of genes, and may be involved in the activation of several signalling pathways, activating cell signalling cascades, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases. Most of these oxygen-derived species are produced at a low level by normal aerobic metabolism and the damage they cause to cells is constantly repaired. The cellular redox environment is preserved by enzymes and antioxidants that maintain the reduced state through a constant input of metabolic energy. This review summarizes current studies that have been regarding the production of ROS and the general redox-sensitive targets of cell signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Genestra
- Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21045-900, RJ-Brazil.
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Mas V, Maluf D, Archer K, Yanek K, Mas L, King A, Gibney E, Massey D, Cotterell A, Fisher R, Posner M. Establishing the molecular pathways involved in chronic allograft nephropathy for testing new noninvasive diagnostic markers. Transplantation 2007; 83:448-57. [PMID: 17318078 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000251373.17997.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a cause of graft loss. The multistage processes that result in CAN are poorly understood. Noninvasive assays for detecting allograft dysfunction and predicting long-term outcomes are a priority in transplantation (Tx). METHODS Renal tissue from kidney transplant patients (KTP) with CAN (n=11) and normal kidneys (NK; n=7) were studied using microarrays. Markers resulting from the microarray analysis (transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], angiotensinogen [AGT]) were tested in urine (Ur) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from the CAN patients (collected at the biopsy time) using reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ur and PB samples from long-term KTP with stable renal function (SRF; n=20) were used as control. RESULTS Assuming unequal variances between CAN and NK, using a false discovery rate of 0.005, and running 1,000 of all possible permutations, 728 probe sets were differentially expressed. Genes related to fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition (i.e., TGF-beta, laminin, gamma 2, metalloproteinases-9, and collagen type IX alpha 3) were up-regulated. Genes related to immunoglobulins, B cells, T-cell receptor, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and cytokine and chemokines receptors were also upregulated. EGFR and growth factor receptor activity (FGFR)2 were downregulated in CAN samples. AGT, EGFR, and TGF-beta levels were statistical different in urine but not in blood samples of CAN patients when compared to KTP with SRF (P<0.001, P=0.04, and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Genes related to fibrosis, extracellular matrix deposition, and immune response were found up-regulated in CAN. Markers resulting from the microarray analysis were differentially expressed in Ur samples of the CAN patients and in concordance with the microarray profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mas
- Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Stillman BN, Hsu DK, Pang M, Brewer CF, Johnson P, Liu FT, Baum LG. Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T cell death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:778-89. [PMID: 16393961 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of mammalian beta-galactoside-binding proteins that positively and negatively regulate T cell death. Extracellular galectin-1 directly induces death of T cells and thymocytes, while intracellular galectin-3 blocks T cell death. In contrast to the antiapoptotic function of intracellular galectin-3, we demonstrate that extracellular galectin-3 directly induces death of human thymocytes and T cells. However, events in galectin-3- and galectin-1-induced cell death differ in a number of ways. Thymocyte subsets demonstrate different susceptibility to the two galectins: whereas galectin-1 kills double-negative and double-positive human thymocytes with equal efficiency, galectin-3 preferentially kills double-negative thymocytes. Galectin-3 binds to a complement of T cell surface glycoprotein receptors distinct from that recognized by galectin-1. Of these glycoprotein receptors, CD45 and CD71, but not CD29 and CD43, appear to be involved in galectin-3-induced T cell death. In addition, CD7 that is required for galectin-1-induced death is not required for death triggered by galectin-3. Following galectin-3 binding, CD45 remains uniformly distributed on the cell surface, in contrast to the CD45 clustering induced by galectin-1. Thus, extracellular galectin-3 and galectin-1 induce death of T cells through distinct cell surface events. However, as galectin-3 and galectin-1 cell death are neither additive nor synergistic, the two death pathways may converge inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Stillman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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