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Yaacoub K, Pedeux R, Lafite P, Jarry U, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P, Daniellou R, Guillaudeux T. The Identification of New c-FLIP Inhibitors for Restoring Apoptosis in TRAIL-Resistant Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:710-728. [PMID: 38248348 PMCID: PMC10814526 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytically inactive caspase-8-homologous protein, c-FLIP, is a potent antiapoptotic protein highly expressed in various types of cancers. c-FLIP competes with caspase-8 for binding to the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain) following death receptors' (DRs) activation via the ligands of the TNF-R family. As a consequence, the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway involving DRs is inhibited. The inhibition of c-FLIP activity in tumor cells might enhance DR-mediated apoptosis and overcome immune and anticancer drug resistance. Based on an in silico approach, the aim of this work was to identify new small inhibitory molecules able to bind selectively to c-FLIP and block its anti-apoptotic activity. Using a homology 3D model of c-FLIP, an in silico screening of 1880 compounds from the NCI database (National Cancer Institute) was performed. Nine molecules were selected for in vitro assays, based on their binding affinity to c-FLIP and their high selectivity compared to caspase-8. These molecules selectively bind to the Death Effector Domain 2 (DED2) of c-FLIP. We have tested in vitro the inhibitory effect of these nine molecules using the human lung cancer cell line H1703, overexpressing c-FLIP. Our results showed that six of these newly identified compounds efficiently prevent FADD/c-FLIP interactions in a molecular pull-down assay, as well as in a DISC immunoprecipitation assay. The overexpression of c-FLIP in H1703 prevents TRAIL-mediated apoptosis; however, a combination of TRAIL with these selected molecules significantly restored TRAIL-induced cell death by rescuing caspase cleavage and activation. Altogether, our findings indicate that new inhibitory chemical molecules efficiently prevent c-FLIP recruitment into the DISC complex, thus restoring the caspase-8-dependent apoptotic cascade. These results pave the way to design new c-FLIP inhibitory molecules that may serve as anticancer agents in tumors overexpressing c-FLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Yaacoub
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Pierre Lafite
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Daniellou
- CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans University, F-45067 Orléans, France; (P.L.); (S.A.-S.); (P.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US-S018, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France; (K.Y.); (U.J.)
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR-S1242, CLCC Eugène Marquis, Rennes University, F-35000 Rennes, France;
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2
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Santacroce L, Magrone T. Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Biology and Immune Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:151-170. [PMID: 38801577 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Molluscum contagiosum virus is a poxvirus belonging to the Poxviridae family, which includes Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus, Yantapoxvirus, Molluscipoxvirus, Smallpox virus, Cowpox virus and Monkeypox virus. MCV belongs to the genus Molluscipoxvirus and has a tropism for skin tissue. MCV infects keratinocytes and, after an incubation period of 2 weeks to 6 weeks, causes a breakdown of the skin barrier with the development of papules of variable size depending on the proper functioning of the immune response (both adaptive and acquired). MCV only infects humans and does not cause viraemia. MCV encodes for several inhibitory proteins responsible to circumvent the immune response through different signalling pathways. Individuals who can be infected with MCV are children, immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Current treatments to manage MCV-induced lesions are different and include the use of immunomodulators, which, however, do not provide an effective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Thea Magrone
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Montinaro A, Walczak H. Harnessing TRAIL-induced cell death for cancer therapy: a long walk with thrilling discoveries. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:237-249. [PMID: 36195672 PMCID: PMC9950482 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, importantly without killing any essential normal cells. These findings formed the basis for the development of TRAIL-receptor agonists (TRAs) for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials conducted with different types of TRAs have, thus far, afforded only limited therapeutic benefit, as either the respectively chosen agonist showed insufficient anticancer activity or signs of toxicity, or the right TRAIL-comprising combination therapy was not employed. Therefore, in this review we will discuss molecular determinants of TRAIL resistance, the most promising TRAIL-sensitizing agents discovered to date and, importantly, whether any of these could also prove therapeutically efficacious upon cancer relapse following conventional first-line therapies. We will also discuss the more recent progress made with regards to the clinical development of highly active non-immunogenic next generation TRAs. Based thereupon, we next propose how TRAIL resistance might be successfully overcome, leading to the possible future development of highly potent, cancer-selective combination therapies that are based on our current understanding of biology TRAIL-induced cell death. It is possible that such therapies may offer the opportunity to tackle one of the major current obstacles to effective cancer therapy, namely overcoming chemo- and/or targeted-therapy resistance. Even if this were achievable only for certain types of therapy resistance and only for particular types of cancer, this would be a significant and meaningful achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Triptolide-mediated downregulation of FLIP S in hepatoma cells occurs at the post-transcriptional level independently of proteasome-mediated pathways. Med Oncol 2023; 40:7. [PMID: 36308574 PMCID: PMC9617966 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular c-FLIP prevents apoptosis mediated by death receptor through inhibiting activation of caspase-8. Therefore, when c-FLIP is downregulated or eliminated, caspase-8 activation is promoted, and death receptor ligand-induced apoptosis is activated. It was reported that triptolide (TPL) sensitized tumor cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis by blocking TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and transcription of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2. However, the effect of TPL on basal c-FLIP expression was not understood. In this study, we found that the combination of TNF-α and TPL accelerated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and TNF-α-induced elevated as well as basal level of FLIPS protein were downregulated by TPL. Additionally, we demonstrated that the basal level of FLIPS in Huh7 cells was continuously downregulated following the incubation of TPL and downregulated more when dosage of TPL for treatment was increased. Subsequently, we showed that TPL reduced FLIPS level in a transcription- and degradation-independent mechanism. Our findings suggest that TPL induces loss of FLIPS at the post-transcriptional level independently of proteasome-mediated pathway, an additional mechanism of TPL sensitizing cancer cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis.
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5
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer and Associated Gene Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246246. [PMID: 36551731 PMCID: PMC9777152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, over 100,000 women are diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy every year, with ovarian cancer being the most lethal. One of the hallmark characteristics of ovarian cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. While the exact mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood, it is known that changes at the cellular and molecular level make chemoresistance challenging to treat. Improved therapeutic options are needed to target these changes at the molecular level. Using a precision medicine approach, such as gene therapy, genes can be specifically exploited to resensitize tumors to therapeutics. This review highlights traditional and novel gene targets that can be used to develop new and improved targeted therapies, from drug efflux proteins to ovarian cancer stem cells. The review also addresses the clinical relevance and landscape of the discussed gene targets.
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6
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Ivanisenko NV, Seyrek K, Hillert-Richter LK, König C, Espe J, Bose K, Lavrik IN. Regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling by c-FLIP: towards targeting cancer networks. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:190-209. [PMID: 34973957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic pathway is mediated by death receptors (DRs), including CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or TRAILR-1/2. Defects in apoptosis regulation lead to cancer and other malignancies. The master regulator of the DR networks is the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). In addition to its key role in apoptosis, c-FLIP may exert other cellular functions, including control of necroptosis, pyroptosis, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and tumorigenesis. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms of c-FLIP action in cancer networks, we focus on the structure, isoforms, interactions, and post-translational modifications of c-FLIP. We also discuss various avenues to target c-FLIP in cancer cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert-Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Espe
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kakoli Bose
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Dysregulation of immune gene expression profiles during HTLV-1 infection. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Al-Salihi M, Bornikoel A, Zhuang Y, Stachura P, Scheller J, Lang KS, Lang PA. The role of ADAM17 during liver damage. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1115-1128. [PMID: 34192832 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 is a membrane bound protease, involved in the cleavage and thus regulation of various membrane proteins, which are critical during liver injury. Among ADAM17 substrates are tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands amphiregulin (AR) and heparin-binding-EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the receptor for a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-Met. TNFα and its binding receptors can promote liver injury by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis in liver cells. Consistently, hepatocyte specific deletion of ADAM17 resulted in increased liver cell damage following CD95 stimulation. IL-6 trans-signaling is critical for liver regeneration and can alleviate liver damage. EGFR ligands can prevent liver damage and deletion of amphiregulin and HB-EGF can result in increased hepatocyte death and reduced proliferation. All of which indicates that ADAM17 has a central role in liver injury and recovery from it. Furthermore, inactive rhomboid proteins (iRhom) are involved in the trafficking and maturation of ADAM17 and have been linked to liver damage. Taken together, ADAM17 can contribute in a complex way to liver damage and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Al-Salihi
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Anna Bornikoel
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pawel Stachura
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Liang YH, Wu JM, Teng JW, Hung E, Wang HS. Embelin downregulated cFLIP in breast cancer cell lines facilitate anti-tumor effect of IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14720. [PMID: 34282169 PMCID: PMC8289868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women. In breast cancer treatment, targeted therapy would be more effective and less harmful than radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy owing to their ability of homing to tumor sites and secreting many kinds of anti-tumor proteins including TRAIL. In this study, we found that IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) enhance the expression of membrane-bound and soluble TRAIL. Cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is an important regulator in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and relates to TRAIL resistance in cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that embelin, which is extracted from Embelia ribes, can increase the TRAIL sensitivity of cancer cells by reducing cFLIP expression. Here we have demonstrated that cFLIPL is correlated with TRAIL-resistance and that embelin effectively downregulates cFLIPL in breast cancer cells. Moreover, co-culture of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs with embelin-treated breast cancer cells could effectively induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combined effects of embelin and IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs may provide a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Liang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Ming Wu
- General Surgery Division, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Wen Teng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eric Hung
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwai-Shi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Mahdizadeh SJ, Thomas M, Eriksson LA. Reconstruction of the Fas-Based Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) Using a Protein-Protein Docking Meta-Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3543-3558. [PMID: 34196179 PMCID: PMC8389534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) is a fundamental multiprotein complex, which triggers the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through stimulation by death ligands. DISC consists of different death domain (DD) and death effector domain (DED) containing proteins such as the death receptor Fas (CD95) in complex with FADD, procaspase-8, and cFLIP. Despite many experimental and theoretical studies in this area, there is no global agreement neither on the DISC architecture nor on the mechanism of action of the involved species. In the current work, we have tried to reconstruct the DISC structure by identifying key protein interactions using a new protein-protein docking meta-approach. We combined the benefits of five of the most employed protein-protein docking engines, HADDOCK, ClusPro, HDOCK, GRAMM-X, and ZDOCK, in order to improve the accuracy of the predicted docking complexes. Free energy of binding and hot spot interacting residues were calculated and determined for each protein-protein interaction using molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area and alanine scanning techniques, respectively. In addition, a series of in-cellulo protein-fragment complementation assays were conducted to validate the protein-protein docking procedure. The results show that the DISC formation initiates by dimerization of adjacent FasDD trimers followed by recruitment of FADD through homotypic DD interactions with the oligomerized death receptor. Furthermore, the in-silico outcomes indicate that cFLIP cannot bind directly to FADD; instead, cFLIP recruitment to the DISC is a hierarchical and cooperative process where FADD initially recruits procaspase-8, which in turn recruits and heterodimerizes with cFLIP. Finally, a possible structure of the entire DISC is proposed based on the docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Jalil Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Singh D, Tewari M, Singh S, Narayan G. Revisiting the role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R in cancer biology and therapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:581-596. [PMID: 33401962 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sparing normal cells when bound to its associated death receptors (DR4/DR5). This unique mechanism makes TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic agent. However, clinical trials of recombinant TRAIL protein and TRAIL receptor agonist monoclonal antibodies have shown disappointing results due to its short half-life, poor pharmacokinetics and the resistance of the cancer cells. This review summarizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic and survival pathways as well as mechanisms leading to apoptotic resistance. Recent development of methods to overcome cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, such as protein modification, combination therapy and TRAIL-based gene therapy, appear promising. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of TRAIL-based therapies for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mallika Tewari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Burin SM, Cacemiro MDC, Cominal JG, Grandis RAD, Machado ART, Donaires FS, Cintra ACO, Ambrosio L, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. Bothrops moojeni L-amino acid oxidase induces apoptosis and epigenetic modulation on Bcr-Abl + cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200123. [PMID: 33354202 PMCID: PMC7737401 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with
constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. The
deregulated expression of apoptosis-related genes and alteration in
epigenetic machinery may also contribute to apoptosis resistance in CML.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors target the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein and are used in
CML treatment. The resistance of CML patients to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
has guided the search for new compounds that may induce apoptosis in
Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells and improve the disease
treatment. Methods: In the present study, we investigated whether the L-amino acid oxidase
isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom (BmooLAAO-I) (i)
was cytotoxic to Bcr-Abl+ cell lines (HL-60.Bcr-Abl, K562-S, and
K562-R), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cells, the non-tumor cell line
HEK-293, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and (ii) affected
epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and microRNAs expression
in vitro. Results: BmooLAAO-I induced ROS production, apoptosis, and differential DNA
methylation pattern of regulatory apoptosis genes. The toxin upregulated
expression of the pro-apoptotic genes BID and
FADD and downregulated DFFA expression
in leukemic cell lines, as well as increased miR-16 expression - whose major
predicted target is the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 - in
Bcr-Abl+ cells. Conclusion: BmooLAAO-I exerts selective antitumor action mediated by
H2O2 release and induces apoptosis, and
alterations in epigenetic mechanisms. These results support future
investigations on the effect of BmooLAAO-I on in vivo
models to determine its potential in CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Sacilotto Donaires
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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Pharmacological targeting of c-FLIP L and Bcl-2 family members promotes apoptosis in CD95L-resistant cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20823. [PMID: 33257694 PMCID: PMC7705755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient combinatorial treatments is one of the key tasks in modern anti-cancer therapies. An apoptotic signal can either be induced by activation of death receptors (DR) (extrinsic pathway) or via the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway). Cancer cells are characterized by deregulation of both pathways. Procaspase-8 activation in extrinsic apoptosis is controlled by c-FLIP proteins. We have recently reported the small molecules FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ targeting c-FLIPL in the caspase-8/c-FLIPL heterodimer. These small molecules enhanced caspase-8 activity in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), CD95L/TRAIL-induced caspase-3/7 activation and subsequent apoptosis. In this study to increase the pro-apoptotic effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ and enhance its therapeutic potential we investigated costimulatory effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ in combination with the pharmacological inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as ABT-263 and S63845. The combination of these inhibitors together with FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ increased CD95L-induced cell viability loss, caspase activation and apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggests new approaches for the development of combinatorial anti-cancer therapies specifically targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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14
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Ivanisenko NV, Lavrik IN. Mathematical Modeling Reveals the Importance of the DED Filament Composition in the Effects of Small Molecules Targeting Caspase-8/c-FLIP L Heterodimer. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1134-1144. [PMID: 33202199 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Procaspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) triggers extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Procaspase-8 activation takes place in the death effector domain (DED) filaments and is regulated by c-FLIP proteins, in particular, by the long isoform c-FLIPL. Recently, the first-in-class chemical probe targeting the caspase-8/c-FLIPL heterodimer was reported. This rationally designed small molecule, FLIPin, enhances caspase-8 activity after initial heterodimer processing. Here, we used a kinetic mathematical model to gain an insight into the mechanisms of FLIPin action in a complex with DISC, in particular, to unravel the effects of FLIPin at different stoichiometry and composition of the DED filament. Analysis of this model has identified the optimal c-FLIPL to procaspase-8 ratios in different cellular landscapes favoring the activity of FLIPin. We predicted that the activity FLIPin is regulated via different mechanisms upon c-FLIPL downregulation or upregulation. Our study demonstrates that a combination of mathematical modeling with system pharmacology allows development of more efficient therapeutic approaches and prediction of optimal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - I N Lavrik
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
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15
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Bai ZQ, Liu B, Ma X, Hu K. Backbone and side-chain chemical shift assignments of a cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP S). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:239-243. [PMID: 32506385 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), which is involved in regulating the apoptosis of the extrinsic cell death pathway contains two death effector domains (DED). There are several splicing variants including short-form (c-FLIPS) and long-form (c-FLIPL). The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) initiates apoptosis and programmed necrosis, DISC assembly and activation are regulated by c-FLIP. Here we report the NMR chemical shift assignments of c-FLIPs, which pave the way for investigating the molecular basis of the anti-apoptotic function of c-FLIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Ranjan K, Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Pathak C. Cell-Penetrable Peptide-Conjugated FADD Induces Apoptosis and Regulates Inflammatory Signaling in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186890. [PMID: 32961826 PMCID: PMC7555701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is associated with the impediment of various cellular pathways, including apoptosis and inflammation. The adequate cytosolic expression of FADD is critical to the regulation of cancer cell proliferation. Importantly, cancer cells devise mechanisms to suppress FADD expression and, in turn, escape from apoptosis signaling. Formulating strategies, for direct delivery of FADD proteins into cancer cells in a controlled manner, may represent a promising therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. We chemically conjugated purified FADD protein with cell permeable TAT (transactivator of transcription) peptide, to deliver in cancer cells. TAT-conjugated FADD protein internalized through the caveolar pathway of endocytosis and retained in the cytosol to augment cell death. Inside cancer cells, TAT-FADD rapidly constituted DISC (death inducing signaling complex) assembly, which in turn, instigate apoptosis signaling. The apoptotic competency of TAT-FADD showed comparable outcomes with the conventional apoptosis inducers. Notably, TAT-FADD mitigates constitutive NF-κB activation and associated downstream anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2, cFLIPL, RIP1, and cIAP2, independent of pro-cancerous TNF-α priming. In cancer cells, TAT-FADD suppresses the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome priming and restricts the processing and secretion of proinflammatory IL-1β. Our results demonstrate that TAT-mediated intracellular delivery of FADD protein can potentially recite apoptosis signaling with simultaneous regulation of anti-apoptotic and proinflammatory NF-κB signaling activation in cancer cells.
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Thapa B, Kc R, Uludağ H. TRAIL therapy and prospective developments for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2020; 326:335-349. [PMID: 32682900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), an immune cytokine of TNF-family, has received much attention in late 1990s as a potential cancer therapeutics due to its selective ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. TRAIL binds to cell surface death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and facilitates formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), eventually activating the p53-independent apoptotic cascade. This unique mechanism makes the TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic especially for p53-mutated tumors. However, recombinant human TRAIL protein (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL-R agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb) failed to exert robust anticancer activities due to inherent and/or acquired resistance, poor pharmacokinetics and weak potencies for apoptosis induction. To get TRAIL back on track as a cancer therapeutic, multiple strategies including protein modification, combinatorial approach and TRAIL gene therapy are being extensively explored. These strategies aim to enhance the half-life and bioavailability of TRAIL and synergize with TRAIL action ultimately sensitizing the resistant and non-responsive cells. We summarize emerging strategies for enhanced TRAIL therapy in this review and cover a wide range of recent technologies that will provide impetus to rejuvenate the TRAIL therapeutics in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Thapa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Remant Kc
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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18
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Dong Z, Hu H, Yu X, Tan L, Ma C, Xi X, Li L, Wang L, Zhou M, Chen T, Du S, Lu Y. Novel Frog Skin-Derived Peptide Dermaseptin-PP for Lung Cancer Treatment: In vitro/vivo Evaluation and Anti-tumor Mechanisms Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32582642 PMCID: PMC7291860 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and it has the highest incidence and mortality rate of any cancer among men and women in China. The first-line therapy for lung cancer treatment is platinum-based chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin. However, the application of present chemotherapies is limited by severe side effects, which stimulates the discovery of new drugs with new anti-tumor mechanisms and fewer side effects. Beneficially, many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from frog skin have been reported to exhibit potent anti-cancer activities with low toxicity, high selectivity and a low propensity to induce resistance. In this study, we first reported an AMP named Dermaseptin-PP, from a rarely studied frog species, Phyllomedusa palliata. Dermaseptin-PP exhibited selective cytotoxicity on H157, MCF-7, PC-3, and U251 MG cancer cells instead of normal HMEC-1 cells with low hemolytic effect. Furthermore, on subcutaneous H157 tumor model of nude mice, Dermaseptin-PP was found to display potent in vivo anti-tumor activity in a dose-related manner without obvious hepatopulmonary side effects. It is widely accepted that AMPs usually work through a membrane disruptive mode, and the confocal laser microscope observation confirmed that Dermaseptin-PP could destroy H157 cell membranes. Further investigation of mechanisms by flow cytometry assay and immunohistochemical analysis unraveled that Dermaseptin-PP also exerted its anti-tumor activity by inducing H157 cell apoptosis via both endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and exogenous death receptor apoptosis pathway. Herein, we emphasize that the membrane disrupting and the apoptosis activation effects of Dermaseptin-PP both depend on its concentration. Overall, a novel frog skin-derived AMP, named Dermaseptin-PP, was identified for the first time. It possesses strong antimicrobial activity and effective anti-tumor activity by distinct mechanisms. This study revealed the possibility of Dermaseptin-PP for lung cancer treatment and provided a new perspective for designing novel AMP-based anti-tumor candidates with low risk of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Dong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Yu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tan
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Chengbang Ma
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Xinping Xi
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Shouying Du
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Payer ÁR, Gonzalez S, López-Soto A. Mechanisms of Apoptosis Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103726. [PMID: 32466293 PMCID: PMC7279491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are major contributors to immunosurveillance and control of tumor development by inducing apoptosis of malignant cells. Among the main mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the death receptor pathway and the release of granules containing perforin/granzymes stand out due to their efficacy in eliminating tumor cells. However, accumulated evidence suggest a profound immune suppression in the context of tumor progression affecting effector cells, such as NK cells, leading to decreased cytotoxicity. This diminished capability, together with the development of resistance to apoptosis by cancer cells, favor the loss of immunogenicity and promote immunosuppression, thus partially inducing NK cell-mediated killing resistance. Altered expression patterns of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins along with genetic background comprise the main mechanisms of resistance to NK cell-related apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the main effector cytotoxic mechanisms against tumor cells, as well as the major resistance strategies acquired by tumor cells that hamper the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways related to NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel R. Payer
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.-H.); (S.G.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-B.); (A.L.-S.)
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20
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Caspase-8: The double-edged sword. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188357. [PMID: 32147543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a cysteine - aspartate specific protease that classically triggers the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, in response to the activation of cell surface Death Receptors (DRs) like FAS, TRAIL-R and TNF-R. Besides it's roles in triggering death receptor-mediated apoptosis, Caspase-8 has also been implicated in the onsets of anoikis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Furthermore, Caspase-8 also plays a crucial pro-survival function by inhibiting an alternative form of programmed cell death called necroptosis. Low expression levels of pro-Caspase-8 is therefore associated with the malignant transformation of cancers. However, the long-held notion that pro-Caspase-8 expression/activity is generally lost in most cancers, thereby contributing to apoptotic escape and enhanced resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics, has been found to be true for only a minority of cancers types. In the majority of cases, pro-Caspase-8 expression is maintained and sometimes elevated, while it's apoptotic activity is regulated through different mechanisms. This supports the notion that the non-apoptotic functions of Caspase-8 offer growth advantage in these cancer types and have, therefore, gained renewed interest in the recent years. In light of these reasons, a number of therapeutic approaches have been employed, with the intent of targeting pro-Caspase-8 in cancer cells. In this review, we would attempt to discuss - the classic roles of Caspase-8 in initiating apoptosis; it's non-apoptotic functions; it's the clinical significance in different cancer types; and the therapeutic applications exploiting the ability of pro-Caspase-8 to regulate various cellular functions.
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21
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Boice A, Bouchier-Hayes L. Targeting apoptotic caspases in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118688. [PMID: 32087180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the caspase family of proteases play essential roles in the initiation and execution of apoptosis. These caspases are divided into two groups: the initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10), which are the first to be activated in response to a signal, and the executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, and -7) that carry out the demolition phase of apoptosis. Many conventional cancer therapies induce apoptosis to remove the cancer cell by engaging these caspases indirectly. Newer therapeutic applications have been designed, including those that specifically activate individual caspases using gene therapy approaches and small molecules that repress natural inhibitors of caspases already present in the cell. For such approaches to have maximal clinical efficacy, emerging insights into non-apoptotic roles of these caspases need to be considered. This review will discuss the roles of caspases as safeguards against cancer in the context of the advantages and potential limitations of targeting apoptotic caspases for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Boice
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Hillert LK, Ivanisenko NV, Busse D, Espe J, König C, Peltek SE, Kolchanov NA, Ivanisenko VA, Lavrik IN. Dissecting DISC regulation via pharmacological targeting of caspase-8/c-FLIP L heterodimer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2117-2130. [PMID: 31959913 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting via small molecule-based chemical probes has recently acquired an emerging importance as a valuable tool to delineate molecular mechanisms. Induction of apoptosis via CD95/Fas and TRAIL-R1/2 is triggered by the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Caspase-8 activation at the DISC is largely controlled by c-FLIP proteins. However molecular mechanisms of this control have just started to be uncovered. In this study we report the first-in-class chemical probe targeting c-FLIPL in the heterodimer caspase-8/c-FLIPL. This rationally designed small molecule was aimed to imitate the closed conformation of the caspase-8 L2' loop and thereby increase caspase-8 activity after initial processing of the heterodimer. In accordance with in silico predictions, this small molecule enhanced caspase-8 activity at the DISC, CD95L/TRAIL-induced caspase activation, and subsequent apoptosis. The generated computational model provided further evidence for the proposed effects of the small molecule on the heterodimer caspase-8/c-FLIPL. In particular, the model has demonstrated that boosting caspase-8 activity by the small molecule at the early time points after DISC assembly is crucial for promoting apoptosis induction. Taken together, our study allowed to target the heterodimer caspase-8/c-FLIPL and get new insights into molecular mechanisms of its activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hillert
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Geb.28. 1 OG/R. 111, Pfälzer Platz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Denise Busse
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Geb.28. 1 OG/R. 111, Pfälzer Platz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Espe
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Geb.28. 1 OG/R. 111, Pfälzer Platz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Geb.28. 1 OG/R. 111, Pfälzer Platz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sergey E Peltek
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Kolchanov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Geb.28. 1 OG/R. 111, Pfälzer Platz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Long and short isoforms of c-FLIP act as control checkpoints of DED filament assembly. Oncogene 2019; 39:1756-1772. [PMID: 31740779 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filaments at CD95/Fas initiates extrinsic apoptosis. Procaspase-8 activation at the DED filaments is controlled by short and long c-FLIP isoforms. Despite apparent progress in understanding the assembly of CD95-activated platforms and DED filaments, the detailed molecular mechanism of c-FLIP action remains elusive. Here, we further addressed the mechanisms of c-FLIP action at the DISC using biochemical assays, quantitative mass spectrometry, and structural modeling. Our data strongly indicate that c-FLIP can bind to both FADD and procaspase-8 at the DED filament. Moreover, the constructed in silico model shows that c-FLIP proteins can lead to the formation of the DISCs comprising short DED filaments as well as serve as bridging motifs for building a cooperative DISC network, in which adjacent CD95 DISCs are connected by DED filaments. This network is based on selective interactions of FADD with both c-FLIP and procaspase-8. Hence, c-FLIP proteins at the DISC control initiation, elongation, and composition of DED filaments, playing the role of control checkpoints. These findings provide new insights into DISC and DED filament regulation and open innovative possibilities for targeting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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24
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Ivanisenko NV, Lavrik IN. Mechanisms of Procaspase-8 Activation in the Extrinsic Programmed Cell Death Pathway. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Glucosamine Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in the Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU145. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6040104. [PMID: 31618900 PMCID: PMC6963486 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells in cancer patients. However, patients often develop TRAIL resistance; thus, agents that can sensitize cells to TRAIL therapy would be beneficial clinically. Methods: Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, qPCR and caspase 8 activity assays were used to investigate whether glucosamine (GlcN) can sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL thereby enhancing apoptosis and potentially improving clinical response. Results: GlcN sensitized DU145 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis but did not increase death receptor 5 (DR5) cell surface expression. Once treated, these cells responded to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways as evidenced by the cleavage of both caspases 8 and 9. The combination of GlcN and TRAIL suppressed the expression of key anti-apoptotic factors cFLIP, BCL-XL, MCL-1 and XIAP and translocated BAK to the mitochondrial outer membrane thereby facilitating cytochrome C and SMAC release. In addition to the activation of apoptotic pathways, TRAIL-mediated inflammatory responses were attenuated by GlcN pretreatment reducing nuclear NF-kB levels and the expression of downstream target genes IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusions: GlcN/TRAIL combination could be a promising strategy for treating cancers by overcoming TRAIL resistance and abrogating TRAIL-induced inflammation.
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Liu S, Lu J, Wen Q, Fan S. Expression of DR5 and c‑FLIP proteins as novel prognostic biomarkers for non‑small cell lung cancer patients treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2363-2370. [PMID: 31638235 PMCID: PMC6859453 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL-R2 (DR5), one of the death receptors, can activate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, while cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) can inhibit this pathway. Both of them play important roles in the occurrence and development of most tumors. To date, there is no relevant report concerning the relationship between expression of DR5 and c-FLIP protein and clinicopathological/prognostic implications in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential prognostic significance of DR5 and c-FLIP in NSCLC patients and their predictive roles in the chemotherapeutic response. In the present study, DR5 and c-FLIP were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays of NSCLC. The results showed that the expression levels of DR5 and c-FLIP were significantly higher in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) tissues compared with levels noted in the non-cancerous control lung tissues (all P<0.05). In addition, DR5 expression was significantly increased in lung ADC (P<0.001), whereas, c-FLIP was higher in lung SCC (P<0.001) and smoker patients with clinical stage III (P=0.019, P=0.016, respectively). In addition, NSCLC patients with overexpression of DR5 and loss of c-FLIP expression exhibited a higher overall survival (OS) rate as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=0.029, P=0.038, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of DR5 and loss of c-FLIP expression were independent favorable prognostic factors for NSCLC patients (P=0.016, P=0.035, respectively). In conclusion, overexpression of DR5 and loss of c-FLIP expression may serve as novel favorable prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy after radical resection and used as predictors for tumor response to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Wong SHM, Kong WY, Fang CM, Loh HS, Chuah LH, Abdullah S, Ngai SC. The TRAIL to cancer therapy: Hindrances and potential solutions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 143:81-94. [PMID: 31561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of virtually all malignancies. Despite being a cause of pathological conditions, apoptosis could be a promising target in cancer treatment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo-2 ligand (Apo2L), is a member of TNF cytokine superfamily. It is a potent anti-cancer agent owing to its specific targeting towards cancerous cells, while sparing normal cells, to induce apoptosis. However, resistance occurs either intrinsically or after multiple treatments which may explain why cancer therapy fails. This review summarizes the apoptotic mechanisms via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as the apoptotic resistance mechanisms. It also reviews the current clinically tested recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) against TRAIL-Receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, in which the outcomes of the clinical trials have not been satisfactory. Finally, this review discusses the current strategies in overcoming resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia How Ming Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Arroyo N, Herlem G, Picaud F. Ligand nanovectorization using graphene to target cellular death receptors of cancer cell. Proteins 2019; 88:94-105. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arroyo
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie et Thérapeutique, EA4662, Université Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté (UFR Sciences et Techniques, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon Besançon France
| | - Guillaume Herlem
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie et Thérapeutique, EA4662, Université Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté (UFR Sciences et Techniques, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon Besançon France
| | - Fabien Picaud
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie et Thérapeutique, EA4662, Université Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté (UFR Sciences et Techniques, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon Besançon France
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Guégan JP, Ginestier C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas and metastatic disease: What does not kill you makes you stronger. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:121-131. [PMID: 31176682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is the prototype of death receptors; however, evidence suggests that this receptor mainly implements non-apoptotic signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K that are involved in cell migration, differentiation, survival, and cytokine secretion. At least two different forms of CD95 L exist. The multi-aggregated transmembrane ligand (m-CD95 L) is cleaved by metalloproteases to release a homotrimeric soluble ligand (s-CD95 L). Unlike m-CD95 L, the interaction between s-CD95 L and its receptor CD95 fails to trigger apoptosis, but instead promotes calcium-dependent cell migration, which contributes to the accumulation of inflammatory Th17 cells in damaged organs of lupus patients and favors cancer cell invasiveness. Novel inhibitors targeting the pro-inflammatory roles of CD95/CD95 L may provide attractive therapeutic options for patients with chronic inflammatory disorders or cancer. This review discusses the roles of the CD95/CD95 L pair in cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Philippe Guégan
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France.
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Luebke T, Schwarz L, Beer YY, Schumann S, Misterek M, Sander FE, Plaza-Sirvent C, Schmitz I. c-FLIP and CD95 signaling are essential for survival of renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 31097685 PMCID: PMC6522538 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most-prominent tumor type of kidney cancers. Resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) against tumor therapy is often owing to apoptosis resistance, e.g., by overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins. However, little is known about the role of the apoptosis inhibitor c-FLIP and its potential impact on death receptor-induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells. In this study, we demonstrate that c-FLIP is crucial for resistance against CD95L-induced apoptosis in four ccRCC cell lines. Strikingly, downregulation of c-FLIP expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)interference led to spontaneous caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Of note, knockdown of all c-FLIP splice variants was required to induce apoptosis. Stimulation of ccRCC cells with CD95L induced NF-κB and MAP kinase survival pathways as revealed by phosphorylation of RelA/p65 and Erk1/2. Interestingly, CD95L surface expression was high in all cell lines analyzed, and CD95 but not TNF-R1 clustered at cell contact sites. Downstream of CD95, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway led to spontaneous cell death. Surprisingly, knockdown experiments revealed that c-FLIP inhibits NF-κB activation in the context of CD95 signaling. Thus, c-FLIP inhibits apoptosis and dampens NF-κB downstream of CD95 but allows NF-κB activation to a level sufficient for ccRCC cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate a complex CD95-FLIP-NF-κB-signaling circuit, in which CD95-CD95L interactions mediate a paracrine survival signal in ccRCC cells with c-FLIP and NF-κB both being required for inhibiting cell death and ensuring survival. Our findings might lead to novel therapeutic approaches of RCC by circumventing apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Luebke
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Yan Beer
- Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schumann
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria Misterek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frida Ewald Sander
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Plaza-Sirvent
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Dostert C, Grusdat M, Letellier E, Brenner D. The TNF Family of Ligands and Receptors: Communication Modules in the Immune System and Beyond. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:115-160. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF) include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular functions. The communication pathways mediated by TNFSF/TNFRSF are essential for numerous developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. TNFSF/TNFRSF members regulate cellular differentiation, survival, and programmed death, but their most critical functions pertain to the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are controlled by TNFSF/TNFRSF members in a manner that is crucial for the coordination of various mechanisms driving either co-stimulation or co-inhibition of the immune response. Dysregulation of these same signaling pathways has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of their tight regulation. Investigation of the control of TNFSF/TNFRSF activities has led to the development of therapeutics with the potential to reduce chronic inflammation or promote anti-tumor immunity. The study of TNFSF/TNFRSF proteins has exploded over the last 30 yr, but there remains a need to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the molecular pathways they mediate to design more effective anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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32
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Yakisich JS, Azad N. Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Resveratrol in Lung Cancer Cells Through Modulation of c-FLIP. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 17:669-680. [PMID: 28302032 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170315162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties in multiple cancer types. Here we demonstrate that H460 lung cancer cells are more susceptible to resveratrol treatment in comparison to human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Resveratrol decreases cell viability and proliferation, and induces significant apoptosis in H460 cells. The apoptosis observed was accompanied by an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, Bid, PARP and caspase 8 activation, and downregulation of pEGFR, pAkt, c-FLIP and NFkB protein expression. Furthermore, treatment with HH2O2 scavenger catalase significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced c-FLIP downregulation, caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Overexpression of c-FLIP in H460 cells (FLIP cells) resulted in the inhibition of resveratrol-induced HH2O2 production, and a significant increase in resveratrolinduced apoptosis in comparison to H460 cells. In FLIP cells, catalase treatment did not rescue cells from a decrease in cell viability and apoptosis induction by resveratrol as compared to H460 cells. Resveratrol treatment also led to VEGF downregulation in FLIP cells. Furthermore, inhibition of pEGFR or pAkt using erlotinib and LY294002 respectively, enhanced the negative effect of resveratrol on FLIP cell viability and apoptosis. The reverse was observed when FLIP cells were supplemented with EGF, or transfected with WT-AKT plasmid; resulting in a 20% decrease in resveratrol-induced apoptosis. In addition, transfection with WT-AKT plasmid resulted in the inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein activation, and c-FLIP and pAkt downregulation. CONCLUSION Overall, resveratrol induced apoptosis in H460 lung cancer cells by specifically targeting pAkt and c-FLIP dowregulation by proteasomal degradation in a EGFR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Juan S Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668. United States
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Nazim UM, Jeong JK, Park SY. Ophiopogonin B sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of autophagy flux and downregulates cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4161-4172. [PMID: 29423112 PMCID: PMC5790529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a type II transmembrane protein, belongs to the TNF superfamily. Compared to other family members, TRAIL is a promising anti-cancer agent that can selectively induce apoptosis of various types of transformed cells and xenografts, with negligible cytotoxicity against normal tissues. Ophiopogonin B is a bioactive ingredient of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, which is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cancer. In this study, we report that Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is the key determinant mediating TRAIL resistance in A549 cells and Ophiopogonin B downregulates c-FLIP and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by activating autophagy flux. In addition, treatment with Ophiopogonin B resulted in a slight increase in the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and significantly decreased p62 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. This indicates that Ophiopogonin B induces autophagy flux activation in human lung cancer cells. Inhibiting autophagy flux by applying a specific inhibitor ATG5 siRNA with Ophiopogonin B mediated enhancement of TRAIL effects. These data demonstrate that downregulation of c-FLIP by Ophiopogonin B enhances TRAIL-induced tumor cell death by activating autophagy flux in TRAIL-resistant A549 cells, and also suggests that Ophiopogonin B combined with TRAIL may be a successful therapeutic strategy for TRAIL-resistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddin Md Nazim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea
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Guégan JP, Legembre P. Nonapoptotic functions of Fas/CD95 in the immune response. FEBS J 2017; 285:809-827. [PMID: 29032605 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Mutations in this receptor are associated with a loss of apoptotic signaling and have been detected in an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type Ia, which shares some clinical features with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, deletions and mutations of CD95 have been described in many cancers, which led researchers to initially classify this receptor as a tumor suppressor. More recent data demonstrate that CD95 engagement evokes nonapoptotic signals that promote inflammation and carcinogenesis. Transmembrane CD95L (m-CD95L) can be cleaved by metalloproteases, releasing a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). Soluble and membrane-bound CD95L show different stoichiometry (homotrimer versus multimer of homotrimers, respectively), which differentially affects CD95-mediated signaling through molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review discusses the biological roles of CD95 in light of recent experiments addressing how a death receptor can trigger both apoptotic and nonapoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Guégan
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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Wu X, Wang S, Li M, Wang A, Zhou Y, Li P, Wang Y. Nanocarriers for TRAIL delivery: driving TRAIL back on track for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13879-13904. [PMID: 28914952 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial identification, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to be capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, translation of the encouraging preclinical studies of this cytokine into the clinic has been restricted by its extremely short half-life, the presence of resistant cancer cell populations, and its inefficient in vivo delivery. Recently, there has been exceptional progress in developing novel formulations to increase the circulatory half-life of TRAIL and new combinations to treat cancers that are resistant to TRAIL. In particular, TRAIL-based nanotherapies offer the potential to improve the stability of TRAIL and prolong its half-life in plasma, to specifically deliver TRAIL to a particular target site, and to overcome resistance to TRAIL. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the art drug delivery systems that are currently being tested or developed to improve the biological attributes of TRAIL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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36
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Methyl 5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)selanyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (M-24), a novel tubulin inhibitor, causes G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis by disrupting tubulin polymerization in human cervical and breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:139-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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von Karstedt S, Montinaro A, Walczak H. Exploring the TRAILs less travelled: TRAIL in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:352-366. [PMID: 28536452 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells without causing toxicity in mice has led to the in-depth study of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) signalling and the development of biotherapeutic drug candidates that activate TRAIL-Rs. The outcome of clinical trials with these TRAIL-R agonists has, however, been disappointing so far. Recent evidence indicates that many cancers, in addition to being TRAIL resistant, use the endogenous TRAIL-TRAIL-R system to their own advantage. However, novel insight on two fronts - how resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL-based pro-apoptotic therapies might be overcome, and how the pro-tumorigenic effects of endogenous TRAIL might be countered - gives reasonable hope that the TRAIL system can be harnessed to treat cancer. In this Review we assess the status quo of our understanding of the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system - as well as the gaps therein - and discuss the opportunities and challenges in effectively targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Zuo D, Pang L, Shen J, Guan Q, Bai Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Lu G, Zhang W, Wu Y. 5-(Furan-2-yl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one oxime (6f), a new synthetic compound, causes human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell apoptosis by disrupting tubulin polymerisation and inducing G2/M arrest. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2069-2078. [PMID: 28440465 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we synthesized a series of new compounds targeting tubulin and tested their anti-proliferative activities. Among these new synthetic com-pounds, 5-(furan-2-yl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one oxime (6f) exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against different human cancer cell lines including human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901, human non-small cell lung cancer A549, and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080. As a result, 6f was selected to further test the sensitivity to different cancer cell lines including human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549, human liver carcinoma cell line HepG-2, human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines KB, SGC-7901 and HT-1080. Among these cell lines, HT-1080 and HeLa are the most sensitive. Therefore, HT-1080 was selected to further explore the properties of anti-proliferative activity and the underlying mechanisms. Our data proved that 6f exhibited strong anti-proliferative effects against HT-1080 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We showed that the growth inhibitory effect of 6f in HT-1080 cells was related with microtubule depolymerisation. Molecular docking studies revealed that 6f interacted and bound efficiently with the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. In addition, 6f treatment induced G2/M cell cycle arrest dose-dependently and subsequently induced cell apoptosis. Western blot study indicated that upregulation of cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 was related with G2/M arrest. 6f-induced cell apoptosis was associated with both mitochondrial and death receptor pathway. In conclusion, our data showed that 6f, among the newly synthetic compounds, exhibited highest anti-proliferative activity by disrupting the microtubule polymerisation, causing G2/M arrest and subsequently inducing cell apoptosis in HT-1080 cells. Hence, 6f is a promising microtubule depolymerising agent for the treatment of various cancers especially human fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lili Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshi Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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c-FLIP Expression in Foxp3-Expressing Cells Is Essential for Survival of Regulatory T Cells and Prevention of Autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2017; 18:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ranjan K, Pathak C. Expression of FADD and cFLIPL balances mitochondrial integrity and redox signaling to substantiate apoptotic cell death. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:135-150. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Gates LT, Shisler JL. cFLIPL Interrupts IRF3-CBP-DNA Interactions To Inhibit IRF3-Driven Transcription. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:923-33. [PMID: 27342840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFN induction is critical for antiviral and anticancer defenses. Proper downregulation of type I IFN is equally important to avoid deleterious imbalances in the immune response. The cellular FLIP long isoform protein (cFLIPL) controls type I IFN production, but opposing publications show it as either an inhibitor or inducer of type I IFN synthesis. Regardless, the mechanistic basis for cFLIPL regulation is unknown. Because cFLIPL is important in immune cell development and proliferation, and is a target for cancer therapies, it is important to identify how cFLIPL regulates type I IFN production. Data in this study show that cFLIPL inhibits IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a transcription factor central for IFN-β and IFN-stimulated gene expression. This inhibition occurs during virus infection, cellular exposure to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, or TBK1 overexpression. This inhibition is independent of capase-8 activity. cFLIPL binds to IRF3 and disrupts IRF3 interaction with its IFN-β promoter and its coactivator protein (CREB-binding protein). Mutational analyses reveal that cFLIPL nuclear localization is necessary and sufficient for inhibitory function. This suggests that nuclear cFLIPL prevents IRF3 enhanceosome formation. Unlike other cellular IRF3 inhibitors, cFLIPL did not degrade or dephosphorylate IRF3. Thus, cFLIPL represents a different cellular strategy to inhibit type I IFN production. This new cFLIPL function must be considered to accurately understand how cFLIPL affects immune system development and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Gates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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42
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Conti S, Petrungaro S, Marini ES, Masciarelli S, Tomaipitinca L, Filippini A, Giampietri C, Ziparo E. A novel role of c-FLIP protein in regulation of ER stress response. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1262-1269. [PMID: 27267061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular-Flice-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is an apoptosis modulator known to inhibit the extrinsic apoptotic pathway thus blocking Caspase-8 processing in the Death Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC). We previously demonstrated that c-FLIP localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that c-FLIP-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) display an enlarged ER morphology. In the present study, we have addressed the consequences of c-FLIP ablation in the ER stress response by investigating the effects of pharmacologically-induced ER stress in Wild Type (WT) and c-FLIP-/- MEFs. Surprisingly, c-FLIP-/- MEFs were found to be strikingly more resistant than WT MEFs to ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Analysis of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathways revealed that Pancreatic ER Kinase (PERK) and Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1) branch signalling is compromised in c-FLIP-/- cells when compared with WT cells. We found that c-FLIP modulates the PERK pathway by interfering with the activity of the serine threonine kinase AKT. Indeed, c-FLIP-/- MEFs display higher levels of active AKT than WT MEFs upon ER stress, while treatment with a specific AKT inhibitor of c-FLIP-/- MEFs subjected to ER stress restores the PERK but not the IRE1 pathway. Importantly, the AKT inhibitor or dominant negative AKT transfection sensitizes c-FLIP-/- cells to ER stress-induced cell death while the expression of a constitutively active AKT reduces WT cells sensitivity to ER stress-induced death. Thus, our results demonstrate that c-FLIP modulation of AKT activity is crucial in controlling PERK signalling and sensitivity to ER stress, and highlight c-FLIP as a novel molecular player in PERK and IRE1-mediated ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Conti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elettra Sara Marini
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindernveien, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Baratchian M, Davis CA, Shimizu A, Escors D, Bagnéris C, Barrett T, Collins MK. Distinct Activation Mechanisms of NF-κB Regulator Inhibitor of NF-κB Kinase (IKK) by Isoforms of the Cell Death Regulator Cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (cFLIP). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7608-20. [PMID: 26865630 PMCID: PMC4817188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) protein from Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus activates the NF-κB pathway by forming a stable complex with a central region (amino acids 150-272) of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) γ subunits, thereby activating IKK. Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) forms are also known to activate the NF-κB pathway via IKK activation. Here we demonstrate that cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and their proteolytic product p22-FLIP all require the C-terminal region of NEMO/IKKγ (amino acids 272-419) and its ubiquitin binding function for activation of the IKK kinase (or kinase complex), but none form a stable complex with IKKγ. Our results further reveal that cFLIPLrequires the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex and the kinase TAK1 for activation of the IKK kinase. Similarly, cFLIPSand p22-FLIP also require TAK1 but do not require LUBAC. In contrast, these isoforms are both components of complexes that incorporate Fas-associated death domain and RIP1, which appear essential for kinase activation. This conservation of IKK activation among the cFLIP family using different mechanisms suggests that the mechanism plays a critical role in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Baratchian
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom, and
| | - Christopher A Davis
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Akira Shimizu
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David Escors
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bagnéris
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Barrett
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Collins
- From the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom, and
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44
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Cleaved c-FLIP mediates the antiviral effect of TNF-α against hepatitis B virus by dysregulating hepatocyte nuclear factors. J Hepatol 2016; 64:268-277. [PMID: 26409214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cytokines are key molecules implicated in the defense against virus infection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is well known to block the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the molecular mechanism and the downstream effector molecules remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect and mechanism of p22-FLIP (FLICE-inhibitory protein) by ectopic expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, to provide the biological relevance of our study, we examined that the p22-FLIP is involved in TNF-α-mediated suppression of HBV in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS We found that p22-FLIP, a newly discovered c-FLIP cleavage product, inhibited HBV replication at the transcriptional level in both hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes, and that c-FLIP conversion to p22-FLIP was stimulated by the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. p22-FLIP inhibited HBV replication through the upregulation of HNF3β but downregulation of HNF4α, thus inhibiting both HBV enhancer elements. Finally, p22-FLIP potently inhibited HBV DNA replication in a mouse model of HBV replication. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-apoptotic p22-FLIP serves a novel function of inhibiting HBV transcription, and mediates the antiviral effect of TNF-α against HBV replication.
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Tsuchiya Y, Nakabayashi O, Nakano H. FLIP the Switch: Regulation of Apoptosis and Necroptosis by cFLIP. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30321-41. [PMID: 26694384 PMCID: PMC4691174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues. cFLIP protein is evolutionarily conserved and expressed as three functionally different isoforms in humans (cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and cFLIPR). cFLIP controls not only the classical death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway, but also the non-conventional pattern recognition receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, cFLIP regulates the formation of the death receptor-independent apoptotic platform named the ripoptosome. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that cFLIP is also involved in a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known as programmed necrosis or necroptosis. These functions of cFLIP are strictly controlled in an isoform-, concentration- and tissue-specific manner, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in regulating the stability of cFLIP. In this review, we summarize the current scientific findings from biochemical analyses, cell biological studies, mathematical modeling, and gene-manipulated mice models to illustrate the critical role of cFLIP as a switch to determine the destiny of cells among survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nakabayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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Molecular architecture of the DED chains at the DISC: regulation of procaspase-8 activation by short DED proteins c-FLIP and procaspase-8 prodomain. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:681-94. [PMID: 26494467 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD95/Fas/APO-1 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), comprising CD95, FADD, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, and c-FLIP, has a key role in apoptosis induction. Recently, it was demonstrated that procaspase-8 activation is driven by death effector domain (DED) chains at the DISC. Here, we analyzed the molecular architecture of the chains and the role of the short DED proteins in regulating procaspase-8 activation in the chain model. We demonstrate that the DED chains are largely composed of procaspase-8 cleavage products and, in particular, of its prodomain. The DED chain also comprises c-FLIP and procaspase-10 that are present in 10 times lower amounts compared with procaspase-8. We show that short c-FLIP isoforms can inhibit CD95-induced cell death upon overexpression, likely by forming inactive heterodimers with procaspase-8. Furthermore, we have addressed mechanisms of the termination of chain elongation using experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. We show that neither c-FLIP nor procaspase-8 prodomain terminates the DED chain, but rather the dissociation/association rates of procaspase-8 define the stability of the chain and thereby its length. In addition, we provide evidence that procaspase-8 prodomain generated at the DISC constitutes a negative feedback loop in procaspase-8 activation. Overall, these findings provide new insights into caspase-8 activation in DED chains and apoptosis initiation.
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Pietkiewicz S, Eils R, Krammer PH, Giese N, Lavrik IN. Combinatorial treatment of CD95L and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells induces apoptotic and RIP1-mediated necroptotic cell death network. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:1-9. [PMID: 26453936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy of cancer is based on the cumulative effects mediated by several drugs. Although molecular mechanisms of action of each particular drug are partially elucidated, understanding of the dynamic cross-talk between different cell death pathways at the quantitative level induced by combination therapy is still missing. Here, we exemplified this question for the death receptor (DR) networks in pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrate that the combined action of CD95L and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells leads to the simultaneous induction of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death. The pro-apoptotic effects are mediated through down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins c-FLIP and Mcl-1, while caspase-independent cell death was blocked by inhibition of the kinase activity of RIP1. Furthermore, gemcitabine co-treatment strongly increased the amount of cells undergoing CD95-induced RIP1-regulated necrosis. Imaging flow cytometry has enabled us to get the quantitative insights into the apoptosis-necroptosis network and reveal that the majority of the cells upon the CD95L/gemcitabine co-treatment undergoes necroptosis. Our data underlie the importance of the quantitative understanding of the interplay between different cell death modalities, which is essential for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Taken together, our results are important for combination therapy of pancreatic cancer comprising chemotherapeutics and DR-agonists and offer a possibility to sensitize cells with defects in the apoptotic machinery towards necroptosis-type-mediated death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pietkiewicz
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Bioquant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Giese
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (g)Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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48
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Kumar R, Kumar Pate S, Rami Reddy B, Bhatt M, Karthik K, Gandham RK, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K. Apoptosis and Other Alternate Mechanisms of Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.646.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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49
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DED or alive: assembly and regulation of the death effector domain complexes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1866. [PMID: 26313917 PMCID: PMC4558505 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domains (DEDs) are protein–protein interaction domains initially identified in proteins such as FADD, FLIP and caspase-8 involved in regulating apoptosis. Subsequently, these proteins have been shown to have important roles in regulating other forms of cell death, including necroptosis, and in regulating other important cellular processes, including autophagy and inflammation. Moreover, these proteins also have prominent roles in innate and adaptive immunity and during embryonic development. In this article, we review the various roles of DED-containing proteins and discuss recent developments in our understanding of DED complex formation and regulation. We also briefly discuss opportunities to therapeutically target DED complex formation in diseases such as cancer.
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50
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Yao Q, Du J, Lin J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang B, Ren C, Liu C. Prognostic significance of TRAIL signalling molecules in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:122-7. [PMID: 26254281 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells while exhibiting little or no toxicity in normal cells. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of TRAIL signalling members' expression profiles in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). METHODS TRAIL, DR5, caspase-8 and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) protein expression was investigated in 72 stage IA2-IIIA CSCC patients using immunohistochemistry. Correlation between protein expression and clinicopathological features, radiotherapy response and survival was statistically analysed. RESULTS Positive c-FLIP expression was an independent negative indicator for disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.015) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The DR5 nuclear positive group (p=0.069 by log rank test) showed some advantage of radiotherapy for overall survival (OS) compared with the DR5 nuclear negative cohort (p=0.568 by log rank test). In addition, loss of TRAIL expression was associated with worse differentiation (p=0.004), while absence of caspase-8 staining was more frequently observed in cases with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS High c-FLIP expression is shown to be an independent prognostic variable, DR5 nuclear expression may serve as a predictive biomarker for radiotherapy, and TRAIL as well as caspase-8 loss may be associated with malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Congrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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