1
|
Pan C, Cheng S, Liu L, Chen Y, Meng P, Yang X, Li C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Cheng B, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Identification of novel rare variants for anxiety: an exome-wide association study in the UK Biobank. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110928. [PMID: 38154517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare variants are believed to play a substantial role in the genetic architecture of mental disorders, particularly in coding regions. However, limited evidence supports the impact of rare variants on anxiety. METHODS Using whole-exome sequencing data from 200,643 participants in the UK Biobank, we investigated the contribution of rare variants to anxiety. Firstly, we computed genetic risk score (GRS) of anxiety utilizing genotype data and summary data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on anxiety disorder. Subsequently, we identified individuals within the lowest 50% GRS, a subgroup more likely to carry pathogenic rare variants. Within this subgroup, we classified individuals with the highest 10% 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) score as cases (N = 1869), and those with the lowest 10% GAD-7 score were designated as controls (N = 1869). Finally, we conducted gene-based burden tests and single-variant association analyses to assess the relationship between rare variants and anxiety. RESULTS Totally, 47,800 variants with MAF ≤0.01 were annotated as non-benign coding variants, consisting of 42,698 nonsynonymous SNVs, 489 nonframeshift substitution, 236 frameshift substitution, 617 stop-gain and 40 stop-loss variants. After variation aggregation, 5066 genes were included in gene-based association analysis. Totally, 11 candidate genes were detected in burden test, such as RNF123 (PBonferroni adjusted = 3.40 × 10-6), MOAP1(PBonferroni adjusted = 4.35 × 10-4), CCDC110 (PBonferroni adjusted = 5.83 × 10-4). Single-variant test detected 9 rare variants, such as rs35726701(RNF123)(PBonferroni adjusted = 3.16 × 10-10) and rs16942615(CAMTA2) (PBonferroni adjusted = 4.04 × 10-4). Notably, RNF123, CCDC110, DNAH2, and CSKMT gene were identified in both tests. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified novel candidate genes for anxiety in protein-coding regions, revealing the contribution of rare variants to anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang S, Cui M, Huang J, Wu Z, Cheng A, Wang M, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Tian B, Sun D, Yin Z, Jing B, Jia R. RNF123 Mediates Ubiquitination and Degradation of SOCS1 To Regulate Type I Interferon Production during Duck Tembusu Virus Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0009523. [PMID: 37014223 PMCID: PMC10134884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases play critical roles in fine-tuning the innate immune response, yet little is known about their regulatory role in flavivirus-induced innate immunity. In previous studies, we found that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein mainly undergoes lysine 48 (K48)-linked ubiquitination. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the K48-linked ubiquitination of SOCS1 is unknown. In the present study, we found that RING finger protein 123 (RNF123) binds to the SH2 domain of SOCS1 through its RING domain and facilitates the K48-linked ubiquitination of the K114 and K137 residues of SOCS1. Further studies found that RNF123 promoted the proteasomal degradation of SOCS1 and promoted Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)- and interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-mediated type I IFN production during duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection through SOCS1, ultimately inhibiting DTMUV replication. Overall, these findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which RNF123 regulates type I IFN signaling during DTMUV infection by targeting SOCS1 degradation. IMPORTANCE In recent years, posttranslational modification (PTM) has gradually become a research hot spot in the field of innate immunity regulation, and ubiquitination is one of the critical PTMs. DTMUV has seriously endangered the development of the waterfowl industry in Southeast Asian countries since its outbreak in 2009. Previous studies have shown that SOCS1 is modified by K48-linked ubiquitination during DTMUV infection, but E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the ubiquitination of SOCS1 has not been reported. Here, we identify for the first time that RNF123 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates TLR3- and IRF7-induced type I IFN signaling during DTMUV infection by targeting the K48-linked ubiquitination of the K114 and K137 residues of SOCS1 and the proteasomal degradation of SOCS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Huang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A short binding site in the KPC1 ubiquitin ligase mediates processing of NF-κB1 p105 to p50: A potential for a tumor-suppressive PROTAC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2117254118. [PMID: 34873064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an important transcriptional regulator that is involved in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, immune response, cell survival, and malignant transformation. It relies on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for several of the steps in the concerted cascade of its activation. Previously, we showed that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase KPC1 is involved in ubiquitination and limited proteasomal processing of the NF-κB1 p105 precursor to generate the p50 active subunit of the "canonical" heterodimeric transcription factor p50-p65. Overexpression of KPC1 with the generation of an excessive amount of p50 was shown to suppress tumors, an effect which is due to multiple mechanisms. Among them are suppression of expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), overexpression of a broad array of tumor suppressors, and secretion of cytokines which results in recruitment of suppressive immune cells into the tumor. Here, we show that the site of KPC1 to which p105 binds is exceptionally short and is made up of the seven amino acids WILVRLW. Attachment of this short stretch to a small residual part (∼20%) of the ligase that also contains the essential Really Interesting New Gene (RING)-finger domain was sufficient to bind p105, conjugate to it Ub, and suppress tumor growth in an animal model. Fusion of the seven amino acids to a Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL)-binding ligand (which serves as a "universal" ligase for many proteolysis-targeting chimeras; PROTACs) resulted in a compound that stimulated conjugation of Ub to p105 in a cell-free system and its processing to p50 in cells and restricted cell growth.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fry MY, Saladi SM, Clemons WM. The STI1-domain is a flexible alpha-helical fold with a hydrophobic groove. Protein Sci 2021; 30:882-898. [PMID: 33620121 PMCID: PMC7980504 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STI1-domains are present in a variety of co-chaperone proteins and are required for the transfer of hydrophobic clients in various cellular processes. The domains were first identified in the yeast Sti1 protein where they were referred to as DP1 and DP2. Based on hidden Markov model searches, this domain had previously been found in other proteins including the mammalian co-chaperone SGTA, the DNA damage response protein Rad23, and the chloroplast import protein Tic40. Here, we refine the domain definition and carry out structure-based sequence alignment of STI1-domains showing conservation of five amphipathic helices. Upon examinations of these identified domains, we identify a preceding helix 0 and unifying sequence properties, determine new molecular models, and recognize that STI1-domains nearly always occur in pairs. The similarity at the sequence, structure, and molecular levels likely supports a unified functional role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y. Fry
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shyam M. Saladi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - William M. Clemons
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Liang J, Outeda P, Turner S, Wakimoto BT, Watnick T. A genetic screen in Drosophila reveals an unexpected role for the KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex in male fertility. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009217. [PMID: 33378371 PMCID: PMC7802972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A unifying feature of polycystin-2 channels is their localization to both primary and motile cilia/flagella. In Drosophila melanogaster, the fly polycystin-2 homologue, Amo, is an ER protein early in sperm development but the protein must ultimately cluster at the flagellar tip in mature sperm to be fully functional. Male flies lacking appropriate Amo localization are sterile due to abnormal sperm motility and failure of sperm storage. We performed a forward genetic screen to identify additional proteins that mediate ciliary trafficking of Amo. Here we report that Drosophila homologues of KPC1 and KPC2, which comprise the mammalian KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex (KPC), form a conserved unit that is required for the sperm tail tip localization of Amo. Male flies lacking either KPC1 or KPC2 phenocopy amo mutants and are sterile due to a failure of sperm storage. KPC is a heterodimer composed of KPC1, an E3 ligase, and KPC2 (or UBAC1), an adaptor protein. Like their mammalian counterparts Drosophila KPC1 and KPC2 physically interact and they stabilize one another at the protein level. In flies, KPC2 is monoubiquitinated and phosphorylated and this modified form of the protein is located in mature sperm. Neither KPC1 nor KPC2 directly interact with Amo but they are detected in proximity to Amo at the tip of the sperm flagellum. In summary we have identified a new complex that is involved in male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jinqing Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Patricia Outeda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stacey Turner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Barbara T. Wakimoto
- Department of Biology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazzone P, Congestrì M, Scudiero I, Polvere I, Voccola S, Zerillo L, Telesio G, Vito P, Stilo R, Zotti T. UBAC1/KPC2 Regulates TLR3 Signaling in Human Keratinocytes through Functional Interaction with the CARD14/CARMA2sh-TANK Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249365. [PMID: 33316896 PMCID: PMC7764236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CARD14/CARMA2 is a scaffold molecule whose genetic alterations are linked to human inherited inflammatory skin disorders. However, the mechanisms through which CARD14/CARMA2 controls innate immune response and chronic inflammation are not well understood. By means of a yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the UBA Domain Containing 1 (UBAC1), the non-catalytic subunit of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase KPC complex, as an interactor of CARMA2sh, the CARD14/CARMA2 isoform mainly expressed in human keratinocytes. UBAC1 participates in the CARMA2sh/TANK complex and promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of TANK. In human keratinocytes, UBAC1 negatively regulates the NF-κF-activating capacity of CARMA2sh following exposure to poly (I:C), an agonist of Toll-like Receptor 3. Overall, our data indicate that UBAC1 participates in the inflammatory signal transduction pathways involving CARMA2sh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Mazzone
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Michele Congestrì
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ivan Scudiero
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Serena Voccola
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Telesio
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824305105
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
HOXA2 activity regulation by cytoplasmic relocation, protein stabilization and post-translational modification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:194404. [PMID: 31323436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HOX proteins are homeodomain transcription factors critically involved in patterning animal embryos and controlling organogenesis. While the functions of HOX proteins and the processes under their control begin to be well documented, the modalities of HOX protein activity regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that HOXA2 interacts with PPP1CB, a catalytic subunit of the Ser/Thr PP1 phosphatase complex. This interaction co-localizes in the cytoplasm with a previously described HOXA2 interactor, KPC2, which belongs to the KPC E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. We provide evidence that HOXA2, PPP1CB and KPC2 define a molecularly and functionally interacting complex. Collectively, our experiments support that PPP1CB and KPC2 together inhibit the activity of HOXA2 by activating its nuclear export, but favored HOXA2 de-ubiquitination and stabilization thereby establishing a store of HOXA2 in the cytoplasm.
Collapse
|
8
|
Non-Proteasomal UbL-UbA Family of Proteins in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081893. [PMID: 30999567 PMCID: PMC6514573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like/ubiquitin-associated proteins (UbL-UbA) are a well-studied family of non-proteasomal ubiquitin receptors that are evolutionarily conserved across species. Members of this non-homogenous family facilitate and support proteasomal activity by promoting different effects on proteostasis but exhibit diverse extra-proteasomal activities. Dysfunctional UbL-UbA proteins render cells, particularly neurons, more susceptible to stressors or aging and may cause earlier neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the properties and functions of UbL-UbA family members identified to date, with an emphasis on new findings obtained using Drosophila models showing a direct or indirect role in some neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbastabar M, Kheyrollah M, Azizian K, Bagherlou N, Tehrani SS, Maniati M, Karimian A. Multiple functions of p27 in cell cycle, apoptosis, epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation for the control of cell growth: A double-edged sword protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:63-72. [PMID: 30075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by precise mechanisms to prevent malignancies such as cancer, and the cell needs these tight and advanced controls. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (also known as KIP1) is a factor that inhibits the progression of the cell cycle by using specific molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of p27 on the cell cycle is mediated by CDKs inhibition. Other important functions of p27 include cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Post- translational modification of p27 by phosphorylation and ubiquitination respectively regulates interaction between p27 and cyclin/CDK complex and degradation of p27. In this review, we focus on the multiple function of p27 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications and post- translational modification, and briefly discuss the mechanisms and factors that have important roles in p27 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Bagherlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang S, Huang J, Shi T, Hu F, Zhang L, Zhou PK, Ma D, Ma T, Qiu X. DCUN1D3 activates SCFSKP2 ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and cell cycle progression under UV damage. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58483-58491. [PMID: 27542266 PMCID: PMC5295445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that knockdown the endogenous expression of DCUN1D3 (also called SCCRO3 or DCNL3) blocked the S phase progression after UV irradiation. Here, we show that the silence of DCUN1D3 can increase the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 protein levels after UV irradiation. Through Co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that DCUN1D3 bound to CAND1. And DCUN1D3 knockdown synergized with CAND1 over-expression in arresting the S phase. Given the CAND1's established role in Cullin-1 neddylation, we found Cullin-1 was less neddylated in DCUN1D3 deficient cells. So the silence of DCUN1D3 can inhibit the formation of SCFSKP2 complex by reducing Cullin-1 neddylation. Given that p27 is the primary target of SCFSKP2 complex, the cells lost DCUN1D3 showed a remarkable accumulation of p27 to cause S phase block.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bencivenga D, Caldarelli I, Stampone E, Mancini FP, Balestrieri ML, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. p27 Kip1 and human cancers: A reappraisal of a still enigmatic protein. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Traynard P, Fauré A, Fages F, Thieffry D. Logical model specification aided by model-checking techniques: application to the mammalian cell cycle regulation. Bioinformatics 2017; 32:i772-i780. [PMID: 27587700 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding the temporal behaviour of biological regulatory networks requires the integration of molecular information into a formal model. However, the analysis of model dynamics faces a combinatorial explosion as the number of regulatory components and interactions increases. RESULTS We use model-checking techniques to verify sophisticated dynamical properties resulting from the model regulatory structure in the absence of kinetic assumption. We demonstrate the power of this approach by analysing a logical model of the molecular network controlling mammalian cell cycle. This approach enables a systematic analysis of model properties, the delineation of model limitations, and the assessment of various refinements and extensions based on recent experimental observations. The resulting logical model accounts for the main irreversible transitions between cell cycle phases, the sequential activation of cyclins, and the inhibitory role of Skp2, and further emphasizes the multifunctional role for the cell cycle inhibitor Rb. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The original and revised mammalian cell cycle models are available in the model repository associated with the public modelling software GINsim (http://ginsim.org/node/189). CONTACT thieffry@ens.fr SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Traynard
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adrien Fauré
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - François Fages
- EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France EPI Lifeware, Inria Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Yang YK, Chen T, Zhang H, Yang WW, Song SS, Zhai ZH, Chen DY. RNF123 has an E3 ligase-independent function in RIG-I-like receptor-mediated antiviral signaling. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1155-68. [PMID: 27312109 PMCID: PMC4967948 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are cytoplasmic sensors crucial for recognizing different species of viral RNAs, which triggers the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we identify RING finger protein 123 (RNF123) as a negative regulator of RIG-I and MDA5. Overexpression of RNF123 inhibits IFN-β production triggered by Sendai virus (SeV) and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus (EMCV). Knockdown or knockout of endogenous RNF123 potentiates IFN-β production triggered by SeV and EMCV, but not by the sensor of DNA viruses cGAS RNF123 associates with RIG-I and MDA5 in both endogenous and exogenous cases in a viral infection-inducible manner. The SPRY and coiled-coil, but not the RING, domains of RNF123 are required for the inhibitory function. RNF123 interacts with the N-terminal CARD domains of RIG-I/MDA5 and competes with the downstream adaptor VISA/MAVS/IPS-1/Cardif for RIG-I/MDA5 CARD binding. These findings suggest that RNF123 functions as a novel inhibitor of innate antiviral signaling mediated by RIG-I and MDA5, a function that does not depend on its E3 ligase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Kang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-He Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borriello A, Naviglio S, Bencivenga D, Caldarelli I, Tramontano A, Speranza MC, Stampone E, Sapio L, Negri A, Oliva A, Sinisi AA, Spina A, Della Ragione F. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Increase p27(Kip1) by Affecting Its Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation through Skp2 Downregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:2481865. [PMID: 26682002 PMCID: PMC4670678 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2481865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent an intriguing class of pharmacologically active compounds. Currently, some HDACIs are FDA approved for cancer therapy and many others are in clinical trials, showing important clinical activities at well tolerated doses. HDACIs also interfere with the aging process and are involved in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro, HDACIs induce different cellular responses including growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of HDACIs on p27(Kip1), a key cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI). We observed that HDACI-dependent antiproliferative activity is associated with p27(Kip1) accumulation due to a reduced protein degradation. p27(Kip1) removal requires a preliminary ubiquitination step due to the Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex. We demonstrated that HDACIs increase p27(Kip1) stability through downregulation of Skp2 protein levels. Skp2 decline is only partially due to a reduced Skp2 gene expression. Conversely, the protein decrease is more profound and enduring compared to the changes of Skp2 transcript. This argues for HDACIs effects on Skp2 protein posttranslational modifications and/or on its removal. In summary, we demonstrate that HDACIs increase p27(Kip1) by hampering its nuclear ubiquitination/degradation. The findings might be of relevance in the phenotypic effects of these compounds, including their anticancer and aging-modulating activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Borriello
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caldarelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Tramontano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Speranza
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aide Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Adriana Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostino Sinisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
KPC2 relocalizes HOXA2 to the cytoplasm and decreases its transcriptional activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1298-311. [PMID: 26303204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of transcription factor activity relies on molecular interactions or enzymatic modifications which influence their interaction with DNA cis-regulatory sequences, their transcriptional activation or repression, and stability or intracellular distribution of these proteins. Regarding the well-conserved Hox protein family, a restricted number of activity regulators have been highlighted thus far. In the framework of a proteome-wide screening aiming at identifying proteins interacting with Hoxa2, KPC2, an adapter protein constitutive of the KPC ubiquitin-ligase complex, was identified. In this work, KPC2 was confirmed as being a genuine interactor of Hoxa2 by co-precipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. At functional level, KPC2 diminishes the transcriptional activity and induces the nuclear exit of Hoxa2. Gene expression analyses revealed that Kpc2 is active in restricted areas of the developing mouse embryo which overlap with the Hoxa2 expression domain. Together, our data support that KPC2 regulates Hoxa2 by promoting its relocation to the cytoplasm.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hnit SST, Xie C, Yao M, Holst J, Bensoussan A, De Souza P, Li Z, Dong Q. p27(Kip1) signaling: Transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:9-14. [PMID: 26279144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p27(Kip1) is an inhibitor of a broad spectrum of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the loss of a single p27(Kip1) allele is thereby sufficient to increase tumor incidence via CDK-mediated cell cycle entry. As such, down-regulation of p27(Kip1) protein levels, in particular nuclear expressed p27(Kip1), is implicated in both disease progression and poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. p27(Kip1) expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor MENIN, and inhibited by oncogenic transcription factors MYC and PIM. However, regulation of p27(Kip1) protein expression and function is predominantly through post-translational modifications that alter both the cellular localization and the extent of E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated degradation. Phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) at Thr(187) and Ser(10) is a prerequisite for its degradation via the E3 ubiquitin ligases SKP2 (nuclear) and KPC (cytoplasmic), respectively. Additionally, Ser(10) phosphorylated p27(Kip1) is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm due to the nuclear export protein CRM1. Another E3 ubiquitin ligase, PIRH2, degrades p27(Kip1) in both the cytoplasm and nucleus independent of phosphorylation state. As such, inhibition of cell cycle entry and progression in a variety of cancers may be achieved with therapies designed to correct p27(Kip1) localization and/or block its degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Thae Hnit
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Mu Yao
- Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul De Souza
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhong Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qihan Dong
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Högel H, Miikkulainen P, Bino L, Jaakkola PM. Hypoxia inducible prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 maintains carcinoma cell growth by decreasing the stability of p27. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26223520 PMCID: PMC4520080 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia can halt cell cycle progression of several cell types at the G1/S interface. The arrest needs to be overcome by cancer cells. We have previously shown that the hypoxia-inducible cellular oxygen sensor PHD3/EGLN3 enhances hypoxic cell cycle entry at the G1/S boundary. Methods We used PHD3 knockdown by siRNA and shRNA in HeLa and 786–0 renal cancer cells. Flow cytometry with cell synchronization was used to study cell growth at different cell cycle phases. Total and phosphospecific antibodies together with cycloheximide chase were used to study p27/CDKN1B expression and fractionations for subcellular protein localization. Results Here we show that PHD3 enhances cell cycle by decreasing the expression of the CDK inhibitor p27/CDKN1B. PHD3 reduction led to increased p27 expression under hypoxia or VHL mutation. p27 was both required and sufficient for the PHD3 knockdown induced cell cycle block. PHD3 knockdown did not affect p27 transcription and the effect was HIF-independent. In contrast, PHD3 depletion increased the p27 half-life from G0 to S-phase. PHD3 depletion led to an increase in p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 without affecting threonine phosphorylation. Intact serine 10 was required for normal hypoxic and PHD3-mediated degradation of p27. Conclusions The data demonstrates that PHD3 can drive cell cycle entry at the G1/S transition through decreasing the half-life of p27 that occurs by attenuating p27S10 phosphorylation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Högel
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Petra Miikkulainen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lucia Bino
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Present address: Institute of Biophysics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Panu M Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Del Pozo JC, Manzano C. Auxin and the ubiquitin pathway. Two players-one target: the cell cycle in action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2617-2632. [PMID: 24215077 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have to adapt their growth to the surrounding environment. Concomitant with this adaptation capability, they have adopted a post-embryonic development characterized by continuous growth and differentiation abilities. Constant growth is based on the potential of stem cells to divide almost incessantly and on a precise balance between cell division and cell differentiation. This balance is influenced by environmental conditions and by the genetic information of the cell. Among the internal cues, the cross-talk between different hormonal signalling pathways is essential to control this division/differentiation equilibrium. Auxin, one of the most important plant hormones, regulates cell division and differentiation, among many other processes. Amazing advances in auxin signal transduction at the molecular level have been reported, but how this signalling is connected to the cell cycle is, so far, not well known. Auxin signalling involves the auxin-dependent degradation of transcription repressors by F-box-containing E3 ligases of ubiquitin. Recently, SKP2A, another F-box protein, was shown to bind auxin and to target cell-cycle repressors for proteolysis, representing a novel mechanism that links auxin to cell division. In this review, a general vision of what is already known and the most recent advances on how auxin signalling connects to cell division and the role of the ubiquitin pathway in plant cell cycle will be covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Manzano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo W, Liu J, Jian J, Li J, Wan Y, Huang C. IKK-β/NF-κB p65 mediates p27(Kip1) protein degradation in arsenite response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:563-8. [PMID: 24751519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
p27(Kip1) is a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases that drive G1 to S phase transition. Since deregulation of p27(Kip1) is found in many malignancies and is associated with the poor prognosis, elucidation of the molecular bases for regulation of p27(Kip1) expression is of great significance, not only in providing insight into the understanding of biological p27(Kip1), but also in the development of new cancer therapeutic tactics. We here explored the inhibitory regulation of IKKβ on p27(Kip1) expression following arsenite exposure. We found that although the basal level of p27(Kip1) expression in the IKKβ(-/-) cells is much lower than that in the IKKβ(+/+) cells, the deletion of IKKβ in the MEFs led to a marked increase in p27(Kip1) protein induction due to arsenite exposure in comparison to that in the IKKβ(+/+) cells. The IKKβ regulatory effect on p27(Kip1) expression was also verified in the IKKβ(-/-) and IKKβ(-/-) cells with IKKβ reconstitutional expression, IKKβ(-/-) (IKKβ). Further studies indicated that IKKβ-mediated p27(Kip1) downregulation occurred at protein degradation level via p65-dependent and p50-independent manner. Moreover, the results obtained from the comparison of arsenite-induced GSK3β activation among transfectants of WT, IKKβ(-/-) and IKKβ(-/-) (IKKβ), and the utilization of GSKβ shRNA, demonstrated that IKKβ regulation of p27 protein degradation was mediated by GSK3β following arsenite exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States; Pathology Department, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Jinlong Jian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Yu Wan
- Physiology Department, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang J, Zhou N, Watabe K, Lu Z, Wu F, Xu M, Mo YY. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 promotes breast tumor growth by suppression of p27 (Kip1). Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1008. [PMID: 24457952 PMCID: PMC4040676 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics studies have led to the discovery of a large amount of non-coding RNAs from the human genome; among them are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs could have a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis. As master gene regulators, lncRNAs are capable of forming lncRNA–protein (ribonucleoprotein) complexes to regulate a large number of genes. For example, lincRNA-RoR suppresses p53 in response to DNA damage through interaction with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (hnRNP I). The present study demonstrates that hnRNP I can also form a functional ribonucleoprotein complex with lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) and increase the UCA1 stability. Of interest, the phosphorylated form of hnRNP I, predominantly in the cytoplasm, is responsible for the interaction with UCA1. Moreover, although hnRNP I enhances the translation of p27 (Kip1) through interaction with the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of p27 mRNAs, the interaction of UCA1 with hnRNP I suppresses the p27 protein level by competitive inhibition. In support of this finding, UCA1 has an oncogenic role in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we show a negative correlation between p27 and UCA in the breast tumor cancer tissue microarray. Together, our results suggest an important role of UCA1 in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- 1] Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - N Zhou
- 1] Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - K Watabe
- 1] Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - F Wu
- System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Y-Y Mo
- 1] Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bustany S, Cahu J, Moros A, Troussard X, Gaël R, Sola B. Expression and subcellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 does not correlate with proliferation pattern of mantle lymphoma cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:2204-6. [PMID: 24354680 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.871633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bustany
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, MILPAT (EA 4652) , Caen , France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kotoshiba S, Gopinathan L, Pfeiffenberger E, Rahim A, Vardy LA, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Kaldis P. p27 is regulated independently of Skp2 in the absence of Cdk2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:436-45. [PMID: 24269842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) is dispensable for mitotic cell cycle progression and Cdk2 knockout mice are viable due to the compensatory functions of other Cdks. In order to assess the role of Cdk2 under limiting conditions, we used Skp2 knockout mice that exhibit increased levels of Cdk inhibitor, p27(Kip1), which is able to inhibit Cdk2 and Cdk1. Knockdown of Cdk2 abrogated proliferation of Skp2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, encouraging us to generate Cdk2(-/-)Skp2(-/-) double knockout mice. Cdk2(-/-)Skp2(-/-) double knockout mice are viable and display similar phenotypes as Cdk2(-/-) and Skp2(-/-) mice. Unexpectedly, fibroblasts generated from Cdk2(-/-)Skp2(-/-) double knockout mice proliferated at normal rates. The increased stability of p27 observed in Skp2(-/-) MEFs was not observed in Cdk2(-/-)Skp2(-/-) double knockout fibroblasts indicating that in the absence of Cdk2, p27 is regulated by Skp2-independent mechanisms. Ablation of other ubiquitin ligases for p27 such as KPC1, DDB1, and Pirh2 did not restore stability of p27 in Cdk2(-/-)Skp2(-/-) MEFs. Our findings point towards novel and alternate pathways for p27 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kotoshiba
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Bldg. 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Lakshmi Gopinathan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elisabeth Pfeiffenberger
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anisa Rahim
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Tohoku University, Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Kyushu University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos#3-09, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Biochemistry, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore; Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Bldg. 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pavlides SC, Huang KT, Reid DA, Wu L, Blank SV, Mittal K, Guo L, Rothenberg E, Rueda B, Cardozo T, Gold LI. Inhibitors of SCF-Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase block estrogen-induced growth stimulation and degradation of nuclear p27kip1: therapeutic potential for endometrial cancer. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4030-45. [PMID: 24035998 PMCID: PMC3800755 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In many human cancers, the tumor suppressor, p27(kip1) (p27), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor critical to cell cycle arrest, undergoes perpetual ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase complex SCF-Skp2/Cks1 and/or cytoplasmic mislocalization. Lack of nuclear p27 causes aberrant cell cycle progression, and cytoplasmic p27 mediates cell migration/metastasis. We previously showed that mitogenic 17-β-estradiol (E2) induces degradation of p27 by the E3 ligase Skp1-Cullin1-F-Box- S phase kinase-associated protein2/cyclin dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 in primary endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial carcinoma (ECA) cell lines, suggesting a pathogenic mechanism for type I ECA, an E2-induced cancer. The current studies show that treatment of endometrial carcinoma cells-1 (ECC-1) with small molecule inhibitors of Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase activity (Skp2E3LIs) stabilizes p27 in the nucleus, decreases p27 in the cytoplasm, and prevents E2-induced proliferation and degradation of p27 in endometrial carcinoma cells-1 and primary ECA cells. Furthermore, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 half-life by 6 hours, inhibit cell proliferation (IC50, 14.3μM), block retinoblastoma protein (pRB) phosphorylation, induce G1 phase block, and are not cytotoxic. Similarly, using super resolution fluorescence localization microscopy and quantification, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 protein in the nucleus by 1.8-fold. In vivo, injection of Skp2E3LIs significantly increases nuclear p27 and reduces proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by 42%-62% in ovariectomized E2-primed mice. Skp2E3LIs are specific inhibitors of proteolytic degradation that pharmacologically target the binding interaction between the E3 ligase, SCF-Skp2/Cks1, and p27 to stabilize nuclear p27 and prevent cell cycle progression. These targeted inhibitors have the potential to be an important therapeutic advance over general proteasome inhibitors for cancers characterized by SCF-Skp2/Cks1-mediated destruction of nuclear p27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savvas C Pavlides
- PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NB17E4, New York, NY 10016.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moros A, Bustany S, Cahu J, Saborit-Villarroya I, Martínez A, Colomer D, Sola B, Roué G. Antitumoral activity of lenalidomide in in vitro and in vivo models of mantle cell lymphoma involves the destabilization of cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:393-403. [PMID: 24178620 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical responses to the immmunomodulatory drug lenalidomide have been observed in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), although its mechanism of action remains partially unknown. We investigated whether the expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1, a major cell-cycle regulator overexpressed in MCL, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1), could identify MCL cases sensitive to lenalidomide, and whether the compound could modulate cyclin D1/p27(KIP1) complexes in MCL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MCL primary samples and cell lines were analyzed for subcellular levels of cyclin D1/p27(KIP1) complexes by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Activity of lenalidomide in vitro and its effect on cyclin D1/p27(KIP1) complexes were evaluated by real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. In vivo validation was carried out in a mouse xenograft model of human MCL. RESULTS We found cyclin D1 and p27(KIP1) to be coordinately expressed in all the MCL samples tested. Immunoprecipitation analyses and siRNA assays suggested a direct role of cyclin D1 in the regulation of p27(KIP1) levels. The nuclear accumulation of both proteins correlated with MCL cell tumorigenicity in vivo, and sensitivity to lenalidomide activity in vitro and in vivo. Lenalidomide mechanism of action relied on cyclin D1 downregulation and disruption of cyclin D1/p27(KIP1) complexes, followed by cytosolic accumulation of p27(KIP1), cell proliferation arrest, apoptosis, and angiogenesis inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a mechanism of action of lenalidomide in MCL cases with increased tumorigenicity in vivo, which is mediated by the dissociation of cyclin D1/p27(KIP1) complexes, and subsequent proliferation blockade and apoptosis induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moros
- Authors' Affiliations: Hemato-oncology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, MILPAT, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rohlfing AK, Trescher K, Hähnel J, Müller C, Hildebrandt JP. Partial hepatectomy in rats results in immediate down-regulation of p27Kip1 in residual liver tissue by transcriptional and post-translational processes. Front Physiol 2013; 4:139. [PMID: 23781207 PMCID: PMC3680744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 may be involved in regulating re-entry of residual hepatocytes into the cell cycle upon loss of liver tissue by partial hepatectomy (PH). As yet, changes in Kip1 expression during the initial period following PH are not well-characterized. We investigated immediate changes in Kip1 mRNA and protein levels as well as changes in Kip1 phosphorylation in liver tissue within the relevant time window between surgery and the onset of DNA synthesis at 10-12 h. METHODS We used real-time PCR, quantitative Western blotting, and immune histochemistry on tissue samples of adult rats obtained during or between 2 and 10 h after surgical removal of two thirds of the liver to analyze Kip1 mRNA or protein levels, respectively, or to quantify nuclear expression of Kip1. RESULTS Kip1 mRNA was down-regulated within 4 h after PH by 60% and remained unchanged thereafter up to 10 h. With a lag phase of 2-3 h, Kip1-protein was down-regulated to a level of 40% of the control. The level of Thr187-phosphorylated Kip1 started to increase at 4 h and reached a maximum level at 8-10 h after PH. Kip1 immunoreactivity was observed in 30% of the hepatocytes before PH. Within 6-8 h after PH, more than half of the hepatocytes lost nuclear Kip1 signals. Kip1-specific micro-RNAs (miRNA221, miRNA222) were not changed upon PH. CONCLUSIONS A portion of hepatocytes in adult rats constitutively express Kip1 and down-regulate Kip1 immediately upon PH. This response involves transcriptional processes (loss of Kip1 mRNA) as well as accelerated degradation of existing protein (increase in pThr187-phosphorylation mediating polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation of Kip1). Kip1 down-regulation occurs precisely within the intervall between surgery and onset of DNA synthesis which supports the hypothesis that it mediates activation of G0/0S-phase Cdk/cyclin-complexes and re-entry of hepatocytes into the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Biotechnikum, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ernst Moritz Arndt-University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Woods TC. Dysregulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and p27Kip1 Promotes Intimal Hyperplasia in Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:716-27. [PMID: 24276258 PMCID: PMC3816729 DOI: 10.3390/ph6060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the intima of an artery, known as intimal hyperplasia, is an important component of cardiovascular diseases. This is seen most clearly in the case of in-stent restenosis, where drug eluting stents are used to deliver agents that prevent VSMC proliferation and migration. One class of agents that are highly effective in the prevention of in-stent restenosis is the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Inhibition of mTOR blocks protein synthesis, cell cycle progression, and cell migration. Key to the effects on cell cycle progression and cell migration is the inhibition of mTOR-mediated degradation of p27Kip1 protein. p27Kip1 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that is elevated in quiescent VSMCs and inhibits the G1 to S phase transition and cell migration. Under normal conditions, vascular injury promotes degradation of p27Kip1 protein in an mTOR dependent manner. Recent reports from our lab suggest that in the presence of diabetes mellitus, elevation of extracellular signal response kinase activity may promote decreased p27Kip1 mRNA and produce a relative resistance to mTOR inhibition. Here we review these findings and their relevance to designing treatments for cardiovascular disease in the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cooper Woods
- Tulane Heart and Vascular Institute and the Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The cell cycle ensures genome maintenance by coordinating the processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Of particular importance is the irreversible transition from the G1 phase of the cell cycle to S phase. This transition marks the switch from preparing chromosomes for replication ("origin licensing") to active DNA synthesis ("origin firing"). Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is essential for restricting DNA replication to only once per cell cycle and is the major mechanism regulating the G1 to S phase transition. Although some changes in protein levels are attributable to regulated mRNA abundance, protein degradation elicits very rapid changes in protein abundance and is critical for the sharp and irreversible transition from one cell cycle stage to the next. Not surprisingly, regulation of the G1-to-S phase transition is perturbed in most cancer cells, and deregulation of key molecular events in G1 and S phase drives not only cell proliferation but also genome instability. In this review we focus on the mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases control the irreversible transition from G1 to S phase in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay F Rizzardi
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Das CM, Taylor P, Gireud M, Singh A, Lee D, Fuller G, Ji L, Fangusaro J, Rajaram V, Goldman S, Eberhart C, Gopalakrishnan V. The deubiquitylase USP37 links REST to the control of p27 stability and cell proliferation. Oncogene 2013; 32:1691-701. [PMID: 22665064 PMCID: PMC3435483 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a repressor of neuronal differentiation and its elevated expression in neural cells blocks neuronal differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate a role for REST in the control of proliferation of medulloblastoma cells. REST expression decreased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)NIB/p27, a CDK inhibitor and a brake of cell proliferation in these cells. The reciprocal relationship between REST and p27 was validated in human tumor samples. REST knockdown in medulloblastoma cells derepessed a novel REST target gene encoding the deubiquitylase ubiquitin (Ub)-specific peptidase 37 (USP37). Ectopically expressed wild-type USP37 formed a complex with p27, promoted its deubiquitination and stabilization and blocked cell proliferation. Knockdown of REST and USP37 prevented p27 stabilization and blocked the diminution in proliferative potential that normally accompanied REST loss. Unexpectedly, wild-type USP37 expression also induced the expression of REST-target neuronal differentiation genes even though REST levels were unaffected. In contrast, a mutant of USP37 carrying a site-directed change in a conserved cysteine failed to rescue REST-mediated p27 destabilization, maintenance of cell proliferation and blockade to neuronal differentiation. Consistent with these findings, a significant correlation between USP37 and p27 was observed in patient tumors. Collectively, these findings provide a novel connection between REST and the proteasomal machinery in the control of p27 and cell proliferation in medulloblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra M. Das
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pete Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica Gireud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dean Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Greg Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingyun Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Fangusaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Centers for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chaturvedi P, Khanna R, Parnaik VK. Ubiquitin ligase RNF123 mediates degradation of heterochromatin protein 1α and β in lamin A/C knock-down cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47558. [PMID: 23077635 PMCID: PMC3471868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear lamina is a key determinant of nuclear architecture, integrity and functionality in metazoan nuclei. Mutations in the human lamin A gene lead to highly debilitating genetic diseases termed as laminopathies. Expression of lamin A mutations or reduction in levels of endogenous A-type lamins leads to nuclear defects such as abnormal nuclear morphology and disorganization of heterochromatin. This is accompanied by increased proteasomal degradation of certain nuclear proteins such as emerin, nesprin-1α, retinoblastoma protein and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). However, the pathways of proteasomal degradation have not been well characterized. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate the mechanisms underlying the degradation of HP1 proteins upon lamin misexpression, we analyzed the effects of shRNA-mediated knock-down of lamins A and C in HeLa cells. Cells with reduced levels of expression of lamins A and C exhibited proteasomal degradation of HP1α and HP1β but not HP1γ. Since specific ubiquitin ligases are upregulated in lamin A/C knock-down cells, further studies were carried out with one of these ligases, RNF123, which has a putative HP1-binding motif. Ectopic expression of GFP-tagged RNF123 directly resulted in degradation of HP1α and HP1β. Mutational analysis showed that the canonical HP1-binding pentapeptide motif PXVXL in the N-terminus of RNF123 was required for binding to HP1 proteins and targeting them for degradation. The role of endogenous RNF123 in the degradation of HP1 isoforms was confirmed by RNF123 RNAi experiments. Furthermore, FRAP analysis suggested that HP1β was displaced from chromatin in laminopathic cells. Conclusions/Significance Our data support a role for RNF123 ubiquitin ligase in the degradation of HP1α and HP1β upon lamin A/C knock-down. Hence lamin misexpression can cause degradation of mislocalized proteins involved in key nuclear processes by induction of specific components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richa Khanna
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena K. Parnaik
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miyai K, Yamamoto S, Iwaya K, Asano T, Tamai S, Tsuda H, Matsubara O. Altered expression of p27(Kip1) -interacting cell-cycle regulators in the adult testicular germ cell tumors: potential role in tumor development and histological progression. APMIS 2012; 120:890-900. [PMID: 23009113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the potential role of cell-cycle dysregulation in the development and histological progression of adult testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Expressions of p27(Kip1) -interacting cell-cycle regulators (down-regulation of p27(Kip1) and overexpression of Skp2, Cks1, cyclin A, and cyclin E) and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) were immunohistochemically examined in histological components of 50 intratubular germ cell neoplasms, unclassified (IGCNUs); 74 seminomas; and 25 embryonal carcinomas, identified from 88 patients. Altered expression of p27(Kip1) , Skp2, Cks1, cyclin A, and cyclin E was observed in 20%, 12%, 16%, 10%, and 24% of IGCNUs; 26%, 36%, 27%, 89%, and 23% of seminomas; and 48%, 68%, 56%, 100%, and 60% of embryonal carcinomas, respectively. A significant difference in the frequency of Skp2 and cyclin A overexpression was observed between IGCNUs and seminomas. Significantly more frequent alterations of Skp2, Cks1, and cyclin E and p27(Kip1) were detected in embryonal carcinomas than in seminomas. Alterations of all cell-cycle regulators were significantly more frequent in embryonal carcinomas than in IGCNUs. The mean Ki-67 LI significantly increased from IGCNU (21.2%) through seminoma (34.7%) to embryonal carcinoma (54.2%). These results suggest that alterations of the p27(Kip1) -interacting cell-cycle regulators are common in TGCTs and may be involved in their histological progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pérez-Luna M, Aguasca M, Perearnau A, Serratosa J, Martínez-Balbas M, Jesús Pujol M, Bachs O. PCAF regulates the stability of the transcriptional regulator and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:6520-33. [PMID: 22547391 PMCID: PMC3413142 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P27Kip1 (p27) is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Recently, a new function of p27 as transcriptional regulator has been reported. It has been shown that p27 regulates the expression of target genes mostly involved in splicing, cell cycle, respiration and translation. We report here that p27 directly binds to the transcriptional coactivator PCAF by a region including amino acids 91–120. PCAF associates with p27 through its catalytic domain and acetylates p27 at lysine 100. Our data showed that overexpression of PCAF induces the degradation of p27 whereas in contrast, the knockdown of PCAF stabilizes the protein. A p27 mutant in which K100 was substituted by arginine (p27-K100R) cannot be acetylated by PCAF and has a half-life much higher than that of p27WT. Moreover, p27-K100R remains stable along cell-cycle progression. Ubiquitylation assays and the use of proteasome inhibitors indicate that PCAF induces p27 degradation via proteasome. We also observed that knockdown of skp2 did not affect the PCAF induced degradation of p27. In conclusion, our data suggest that the p27 acetylation by PCAF regulates its stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pérez-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036-Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lamin misexpression upregulates three distinct ubiquitin ligase systems that degrade ATR kinase in HeLa cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:323-32. [PMID: 22382637 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are the major structural components of the nucleus and mutations in the human lamin A gene cause a number of genetic diseases collectively termed laminopathies. At the cellular level, lamin A mutations cause aberrant nuclear morphology and defects in nuclear functions such as the response to DNA damage. We have investigated the mechanism of depletion of a key damage sensor, ATR (Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related) kinase, in HeLa cells expressing lamin A mutants or lamin A shRNA. The degradation of ATR kinase in these cells was through the proteasomal pathway as it was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Expression of lamin A mutants or shRNA led to transcriptional activation of three ubiquitin ligase components, namely, RNF123 (ring finger protein 123), HECW2 (HECT domain ligase W2) and the F-box protein FBXW10. Ectopic expression of RNF123, HECW2 or FBXW10 directly resulted in proteasomal degradation of ATR kinase and the ring domain of RNF123 was required for this degradation. However, these ligases did not alter the stability of DNA-dependent protein kinase, which is not depleted upon lamin misexpression. Although degradation of ATR kinase was reversed by MG132, it was not affected by the nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin B, suggesting that ATR kinase is degraded within the nucleus. Our findings indicate that lamin misexpression can lead to deleterious effects on the stability of the key DNA damage sensor, ATR kinase by upregulation of specific components of the ubiquitination pathway.
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang Z, Zhang T, Dizeyi N, Chen S, Wang H, Swanson KD, Cai C, Balk SP, Yuan X. Androgen Receptor Enhances p27 Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells through Rapid and Selective TORC2 Activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2090-8. [PMID: 22139837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.323303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer (PCa) growth, with androgen deprivation or AR down-regulation causing cell-cycle arrest and accumulation of the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The molecular basis for this AR regulation of cell-cycle progression remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that androgen can rapidly reduce p27 protein in PCa cells by increasing its proteasome-mediated degradation. This rapid androgen-stimulated p27 degradation was mediated by AKT through the phosphorylation of p27 T157. Significantly, androgen increased TORC2-mediated AKT S473 phosphorylation without affecting the PDK1-mediated AKT T308 phosphorylation or TORC1 activity. The TORC2 activation was further supported by enhanced mTOR/RICTOR association and increased phosphorylation of additional TORC2 substrates, SGK1 and PKCα. The androgen-stimulated nuclear translocation of AR was associated with markedly-increased nuclear SIN1, a critical component of TORC2. Finally, the androgen-mediated TORC2/AKT activation targets a subset of AKT substrates including p27 and FOXO1, but not PRAS40. This study reveals a pathway linking AR to a selective activation of TORC2, the subsequent activation of AKT, and phosphorylation of a discrete set of AKT substrates that regulate cellular proliferation and survival. These findings establish that TORC2 can function as a central regulator of growth in response to signals that are distinct from those regulating TORC1, and support efforts to target TORC2 for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Fang
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Yang H, Liu Y, Huan W, Zhang S, Wu G, Lu Q, Wang Q, Wang Y. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is a positive regulator of Schwann cell differentiation in vitro. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 45:277-83. [PMID: 21484444 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors differentiating into a myelinating phenotype are critical for peripheral nerve development and regeneration. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of Schwann cell differentiation. In the present study, we performed a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced Schwann cell differentiation model in vitro. Western blot analysis showed that p27(Kip1) expression was upregulated during the differentiation of Schwann cell, while the inhibition of p27(Kip1) expression by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown significantly abolished the expression of promyelinating markers and the alteration of cellular morphology. In addition, immunofluorescence revealed a decrease of p27(Kip1) nuclear staining and a concomitant increase of cytoplasmic staining in differentiated Schwann cells. In summary, our data indicated that p27(Kip1) was a positive regulator of Schwann cell differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 22600, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hasegawa M, Miura T, Kuzuya K, Inoue A, Won Ki S, Horinouchi S, Yoshida T, Kunoh T, Koseki K, Mino K, Sasaki R, Yoshida M, Mizukami T. Identification of SAP155 as the target of GEX1A (Herboxidiene), an antitumor natural product. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:229-33. [PMID: 21138297 DOI: 10.1021/cb100248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GEX1A is a microbial product with antitumor activity. HeLa cells cultured with GEX1A accumulated p27(Kip) and its C-terminally truncated form p27*. GEX1A inhibited the pre-mRNA splicing of p27, producing p27* from the unspliced mRNA containing the first intron. p27* lacked the site required for E3 ligase-mediated proteolysis of p27, leading to its accumulation in GEX1A-treated cells. The accumulated p27* was able to bind to and inhibit the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex that causes E3 ligase-mediated degradation of p27, which probably triggers the accumulation of p27. By using a series of photoaffinity-labeling derivatives of GEX1A, we found that GEX1A targeted SAP155 protein, a subunit of SF3b responsible for pre-mRNA splicing. The linker length between the GEX1A pharmacophore and the photoreactive group was critical for detection of the GEX1A-binding protein. GEX1A serves as a novel splicing inhibitor that specifically impairs the SF3b function by binding to SAP155.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hasegawa
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Miura
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuzuya
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Ayu Inoue
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Se Won Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sueharu Horinouchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yoshida
- Innovative Drug Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Machida, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunoh
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Koichi Koseki
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Koshiki Mino
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Sasaki
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tamio Mizukami
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Borriello A, Bencivenga D, Criscuolo M, Caldarelli I, Cucciolla V, Tramontano A, Borgia A, Spina A, Oliva A, Naviglio S, Della Ragione F. Targeting p27Kip1 protein: its relevance in the therapy of human cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:677-93. [PMID: 21355788 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.561318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell division cycle progression is achieved by a sequential and stringently concerted activation of a family of serine-threonine kinases, namely the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). p27(Kip1) is a pivotal CDK inhibitor and a tight modulator of CDK-dependent phenotypes. Thus, p27(Kip1) plays a fundamental role in key cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, substrate adhesion and motility. Intriguingly, when p27(Kip1) is localized in the nucleus, it acts as an antiproliferative protein, while, in the cytosol, p27(Kip1) promotes cytoskeleton remodeling and might positively influence metastatization. Downregulation of p27(Kip1) nuclear level or its cytosolic mislocalization are consistently correlated with poor prognosis of numerous types of human epithelial and non-epithelial cancers. AREAS COVERED This review illustrates the basic structural features of p27(Kip1) protein, its metabolism and alterations in human malignancies, along with describing anticancer strategies based on targeting p27(Kip1). EXPERT OPINION Given the role of p27(Kip1) in the control of cell proliferation and its decreased level observed in malignancies with poor outcome, drugs able to handle the protein levels and localization might represent an important goal for novel specific and effective anticancer strategies. Although no convincing proofs have been reported, putative negative consequences of p27(Kip1) targeting might be also conceivable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Borriello
- Second University of Naples, Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics F. Cedrangolo, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu Y, Bedard N, Chevalier S, Wing SS. Identification of distinctive patterns of USP19-mediated growth regulation in normal and malignant cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15936. [PMID: 21264218 PMCID: PMC3022023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the USP19 deubiquitinating enzyme positively regulates proliferation in fibroblasts by stabilizing KPC1, a ubiquitin ligase for p27(Kip1). To explore whether this role of USP19 extends to other cellular systems, we tested the effects of silencing of USP19 in several human prostate and breast models, including carcinoma cell lines. Depletion of USP19 inhibited proliferation in prostate cancer DU145, PC-3 and 22RV1 cells, which was similar to the pattern established in fibroblasts in that it was due to decreased progression from G1 to S phase and associated with a stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). However, in contrast to previous findings in fibroblasts, the stabilization of p27(Kip1) upon USP19 depletion was not associated with changes in the levels of the KPC1 ligase. USP19 could also regulate the growth of immortalized MCF10A breast epithelial cells through a similar mechanism. This regulatory pattern was lost, though, in breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and in prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Of interest, the transformation of fibroblasts through overexpression of an oncogenic form of Ras disrupted the USP19-mediated regulation of cell growth and of levels of p27(Kip1) and KPC1. Thus, the cell context appears determinant for the ability of USP19 to regulate cell proliferation and p27(Kip1) levels. This may occur through both KPC1 dependent and independent mechanisms. Moreover, a complete loss of USP19 function on cell growth may arise as a result of oncogenic transformation of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Polypeptide Laboratory, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bedard
- Polypeptide Laboratory, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon S. Wing
- Polypeptide Laboratory, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
KPC1 expression and essential role after acute spinal cord injury in adult rat. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:549-58. [PMID: 21229311 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KPC1 (Kip1 ubiquitylation-promoting complex 1) is the catalytic subunit of the ubiquitin ligase KPC, which regulates the degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. To elucidate the expression and role of KPC1 in nervous system lesion and repair, we performed an acute spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) model in adult rats. Western blot analysis showed a significant up-regulation of KPC1 and a concomitant down-regulation of p27(kip1) following spinal injury. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed wide expression of KPC1 in the spinal cord, including expression in neurons and astrocytes. After injury, KPC1 expression was increased predominantly in astrocytes, which highly expressed PCNA, a marker for proliferating cells. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated increased interactions between p27(kip1) and KPC1 4 days after injury. To understand whether KPC1 plays a role in astrocyte proliferation, we applied LPS to induce astrocyte proliferation in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated that p27(kip1) expression was negatively correlated with KPC1 expression following LPS stimulation. Immunofluorescence analysis showed subcellular localizations of p27(kip1) and KPC1 were also changed following the stimulation of astrocytes with LPS. These results suggest that KPC1 is related to the down-regulation of p27(kip1); this event may be involved in the proliferation of astrocytes after SCI.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zebrafish Ubc13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and DNA damage tolerance. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 343:173-82. [PMID: 20556485 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational protein modification that functions in diverse cellular processes of all eukaryotic organisms. Conventional Lys48-linked poly-ubiquitination leads to the degradation of specific proteins through 26S proteasomes, while Lys63-linked polyubiquitination appears to regulate protein activities in a non-proteolytic manner. To date, Ubc13 is the only known ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme capable of poly-ubiquitinating target proteins via Lys63-linked chains, and this activity absolutely requires a Ubc variant (Uev or Mms2) as a co-factor. However, Lys63-linked poly-ubiquitination and error-free DNA damage tolerance in zebrafish are yet to be defined. Here, we report molecular cloning and functional characterization of two zebrafish ubc13 genes, ubc13a and ubc13b. Analysis of their genomic structure, nucleotide and protein sequence indicates that the two genes are highly conserved during evolution and derived from whole genome duplication. Zebrafish Ubc13 proteins are able to physically interact with yeast or human Mms2 and both zebrafish ubc13 genes are able to functionally complement the yeast ubc13 null mutant for spontaneous mutagenesis and sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. In addition, upon DNA damage, the expression of zebrafish ubc13a and ubc13b is induced during embryogenesis and zebrafish Ubc13 is associated with nuclear chromatin. These results suggest the involvement of Lys63-linked poly-ubiquitylation in DNA damage response in zebrafish.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu Z, Hunter T. Ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the p21(Cip1), p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) CDK inhibitors. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:2342-52. [PMID: 20519948 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.12.11988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of the p21(Cip1) family CDK inhibitors (CKIs), p21(Cip1), p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2), play a pivotal role in the precise regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity, which is instrumental to proper cell cycle progression. The stabilities of p21(Cip1), p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) are all tightly and differentially regulated by ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation during various stages of the cell cycle, either in steady state or in response to extracellular stimuli, which often elicit site-specific phosphorylation of CKIs triggering their degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Felicetti F, Errico MC, Segnalini P, Mattia G, Carè A. MicroRNA-221 and -222 pathway controls melanoma progression. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 8:1759-65. [PMID: 18983236 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.11.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new family of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Recent studies demonstrated miRNA involvement in all the main biological processes, including tumor development as a consequence of an aberrant deregulated expression. Growing evidence is showing the capability of miRNA expression profiles to unequivocally distinguish between normal and neoplastic tissues, leading to the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers. In addition, miRNAs might eventually represent new targets to aim at as innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly relevant in those types of cancer, such as melanoma, which are still lacking effective traditional therapies. In particular, the inhibition of miRNA-221 and -222, which are abnormally expressed in melanoma and favor the induction of the malignant phenotype by downregulating c-KIT receptor and p27Kip, might in the future represent an efficient treatment for translation into the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Felicetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lai J, Chen H, Teng K, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liang L, Xia R, Wu Y, Guo H, Xie Q. RKP, a RING finger E3 ligase induced by BSCTV C4 protein, affects geminivirus infection by regulation of the plant cell cycle. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 57:905-17. [PMID: 19000158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The C4 protein from Curtovirus is known as a major symptom determinant, but the mode of action of the C4 protein remains unclear. To understand the mechanism of involvement of C4 protein in virus-plant interactions, we introduced the C4 gene from Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) into Arabidopsis under a conditional expression promoter; the resulting overexpression of BSCTV C4 led to abnormal host cell division. RKP, a RING finger protein, which is a homolog of the human cell cycle regulator KPC1, was discovered to be induced by BSCTV C4 protein. Mutation of RKP reduced the susceptibility to BSCTV in Arabidopsis and impaired BSCTV replication in plant cells. Callus formation is impaired in rkp mutants, indicating a role of RKP in the plant cell cycle. RKP was demonstrated to be a functional ubiquitin E3 ligase and is able to interact with cell-cycle inhibitor ICK/KRP proteins in vitro. Accumulation of the protein ICK2/KRP2 was found increased in the rkp mutant. The above results strengthen the possibility that RKP might regulate the degradation of ICK/KRP proteins. In addition, the protein level of ICK2/KRP2 was decreased upon BSCTV infection. Overexpression of ICK1/KRP1 in Arabidopsis could reduce the susceptibility to BSCTV. In conclusion, we found that RKP is induced by BSCTV C4 and may affect BSCTV infection by regulating the host cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Janumyan Y, Cui Q, Yan L, Sansam CG, Valentin M, Yang E. G0 function of BCL2 and BCL-xL requires BAX, BAK, and p27 phosphorylation by Mirk, revealing a novel role of BAX and BAK in quiescence regulation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:34108-20. [PMID: 18818203 PMCID: PMC2590681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806294200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2 and BCL-x(L) facilitate G(0) quiescence by decreasing RNA content and cell size and up-regulating p27 protein, but the precise mechanism is not understood. We investigated the relationship between cell cycle regulation and the anti-apoptosis function of BCL2 and BCL-x(L). Neither caspase inhibition nor abrogation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by BAX and BAK deletion fully recapitulated the G(0) effects of BCL2 or BCL-x(L), suggesting that mechanisms in addition to anti-apoptosis are involved in the cell cycle arrest function of BCL2 or BCL-x(L). We found that BCL2 and BCL-x(L) expression in bax(-/-) bak(-/-) cells did not confer cell cycle effects, consistent with the G(0) function of BCL2 and BCL-x(L) being mediated through BAX or BAK. Stabilization of p27 in G(0) in BCL2 or BCL-x(L) cells was due to phosphorylation of p27 at Ser(10) by the kinase Mirk. In bax(-/-) bak(-/-) cells, total p27 and p27 phosphorylated at Ser(10) were elevated. Re-expression of BAX in bax(-/-) bak(-/-) cells and silencing of BAX and BAK in wild type cells confirmed that endogenous BAX and BAK modulated p27. These data revealed a novel role for BAX and BAK in the regulation of G(0) quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Janumyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hashimoto N, Yachida S, Okano K, Wakabayashi H, Imaida K, Kurokohchi K, Masaki T, Kinoshita H, Tominaga M, Ajiki T, Ku Y, Okabayashi T, Hanazaki K, Hiroi M, Izumi S, Mano S, Okada S, Karasawa Y, Maeba T, Suzuki Y. Immunohistochemically detected expression of p27(Kip1) and Skp2 predicts survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 16:395-403. [PMID: 19034576 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs), the prognostic significance of p27(Kip1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, remains controversial, and there have been no studies of degradation pathway associated proteins, S-phase kinase-interacting protein (Skp2), and Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (Jab1). In the present study of 74 patients with ICC-mass forming type (ICC-MF) undergoing radical surgery, we determined immunohistochemical expression of p27(Kip1), Skp2, and Jab1 and examined relationships with clinicopathologic findings and patient survival. On the basis of the average of labeling indices, we set cutoff values to define high and low expressors and divided the cases into two groups. A statistically significant correlation was found between low p27(Kip1) expression and lymph node metastasis (P = .009). Patient survival in the low p27(Kip1) expression group (n = 25) was also significantly worse than that in the high p27(Kip1) expression group (n = 49, P = .0007). A significant inverse correlation was found between p27(Kip1) and Skp2 expression (P = .016). High Skp2 expression (n = 36) was significantly associated with poor prognosis (P = .0046). High Jab1 expression was observed in 32 cases, but there was no statistically significant relationship with clinicopathologic findings or patient survival. The multivariate analysis revealed that low p27(Kip1) and high Skp2 expression are independent and significant factors of poor prognosis. The results suggest that low p27(Kip1) and high Skp2 expression are associated with aggressive tumor behavior, and these cell-cycle regulators are useful markers to predict outcome of patients with ICC-MF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Hashimoto
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yachida S, Sakamoto M, Imaida K, Yokohira M, Saoo K, Okano K, Wakabayashi H, Maeta H, Suzuki Y. p27(Kip1)is overexpressed in very early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:2152-9. [PMID: 18808421 PMCID: PMC11159344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic liver disease evolves from precancerous lesions and early HCC to more malignant forms. Despite the demonstrated importance of cell-cycle regulators in tumor biology, there have been few studies of their role in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Expression of p27(Kip1) and a degradation pathway associated protein, S-phase kinase-interacting protein 2 (Skp2), was therefore evaluated in surgically resected specimens of eight adenomatous hyperplasias, 16 early HCC and 126 classical HCC. Immunohistochemistry revealed no p27(Kip1) expression in the majority of hepatocytes from normal and cirrhotic liver, whereas positive staining for p27(Kip1) protein was found in 75.0% and 93.8% of adenomatous hyperplasias and early HCC, respectively. The average p27(Kip1) labeling indices (LI) for adenomatous hyperplasias, early HCC, well differentiated HCC, moderately differentiated HCC and poorly differentiated HCC were 36.99, 43.59, 47.73, 49.24, and 30.21, respectively. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses confirmed the increases. Skp2 LI were also significantly elevated in accordance with stepwise progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Increased expression of Skp2 mRNA was observed most frequently in less differentiated tumors and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly association with a poor prognosis (P = 0.0496). In conclusion, a high level of p27(Kip1) expression is evident from early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating that this parameter could be a useful diagnostic marker for precancerous lesions and early HCC. In addition, Skp2 expression correlates with tumor dedifferentiation and may contribute to biological aggression in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Surgery, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Felicetti F, Errico MC, Bottero L, Segnalini P, Stoppacciaro A, Biffoni M, Felli N, Mattia G, Petrini M, Colombo MP, Peschle C, Carè A. The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-microRNA-221/-222 pathway controls melanoma progression through multiple oncogenic mechanisms. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2745-54. [PMID: 18417445 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is steadily increasing. Although several molecular abnormalities have been associated with melanoma progression, the mechanisms underlying the differential gene expression are still largely unknown and targeted therapies are not yet available. Noncoding small RNAs, termed microRNAs (miR), have been recently reported to play important roles in major cellular processes, including those involved in cancer development and progression. We have identified the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor as a repressor of miR-221 and miR-222 by direct binding to their putative regulatory region. Specifically, PLZF silencing in melanomas unblocks miR-221 and miR-222, which in turn controls the progression of the neoplasia through down-modulation of p27Kip1/CDKN1B and c-KIT receptor, leading to enhanced proliferation and differentiation blockade of the melanoma cells, respectively. In vitro and in vivo functional studies, including the use of antisense "antagomir" oligonucleotides, confirmed the key role of miR-221/-222 in regulating the progression of human melanoma; this suggests that targeted therapies suppressing miR-221/-222 may prove beneficial in advanced melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Felicetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hauck L, Harms C, An J, Rohne J, Gertz K, Dietz R, Endres M, von Harsdorf R. Protein kinase CK2 links extracellular growth factor signaling with the control of p27(Kip1) stability in the heart. Nat Med 2008; 14:315-24. [PMID: 18311148 DOI: 10.1038/nm1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
p27(Kip1) (p27) blocks cell proliferation through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2). Despite its robust expression in the heart, little is known about both the function and regulation of p27 in this and other nonproliferative tissues, in which the expression of its main target, cyclin E-Cdk2, is known to be very low. Here we show that angiotensin II, a major cardiac growth factor, induces the proteasomal degradation of p27 through protein kinase CK2-alpha'-dependent phosphorylation. Conversely, unphosphorylated p27 potently inhibits CK2-alpha'. Thus, the p27-CK2-alpha' interaction is regulated by hypertrophic signaling events and represents a regulatory feedback loop in differentiated cardiomyocytes analogous to, but distinct from, the feedback loop arising from the interaction of p27 with Cdk2 that controls cell proliferation. Our data show that extracellular growth factor signaling regulates p27 stability in postmitotic cells, and that inactivation of p27 by CK2-alpha' is crucial for agonist- and stress-induced cardiac hypertrophic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Hauck
- Division of Cardiology, University Network Hospitals and Toronto General Research Institute, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ren H, Santner A, del Pozo JC, Murray JAH, Estelle M. Degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor KRP1 is regulated by two different ubiquitin E3 ligases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 53:705-16. [PMID: 18005227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In animals and fungi, a group of proteins called the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors play a key role in cell cycle regulation. However, comparatively little is known about the role of these proteins in plant cell cycle regulation. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which the plant cell cycle is regulated, we studied the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor KRP1 in Arabidopsis. KRP1 interacts with the CDKA;1/CYCD2;1 complex in planta and functions in the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we show that KRP1 is a likely target of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Two different ubiquitin protein ligases, SCF(SKP2) and the RING protein RKP, contribute to its degradation. These results suggest that SCF(SKP2b) and RPK play an important role in the cell cycle through regulating KRP1 protein turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Galea CA, Nourse A, Wang Y, Sivakolundu SG, Heller WT, Kriwacki RW. Role of intrinsic flexibility in signal transduction mediated by the cell cycle regulator, p27 Kip1. J Mol Biol 2007; 376:827-38. [PMID: 18177895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
p27(Kip1) (p27), which controls eukaryotic cell division through interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), integrates and transduces promitogenic signals from various nonreceptor tyrosine kinases by orchestrating its own phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation. Intrinsic flexibility allows p27 to act as a "conduit" for sequential signaling mediated by tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation and ubiquitination. While the structural features of the Cdk/cyclin-binding domain of p27 are understood, how the C-terminal regulatory domain coordinates multistep signaling leading to p27 degradation is poorly understood. We show that the 100-residue p27 C-terminal domain is extended and flexible when p27 is bound to Cdk2/cyclin A. We propose that the intrinsic flexibility of p27 provides a molecular basis for the sequential signal transduction conduit that regulates p27 degradation and cell division. Other intrinsically unstructured proteins possessing multiple sites of posttranslational modification may participate in similar signaling conduits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Galea
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale St., Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kouvaraki MA, Korapati AL, Rassidakis GZ, Tian L, Zhang Q, Chiao P, Ho L, Evans DB, Claret FX. Potential role of Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 as a negative regulator of p27kip1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8581-9. [PMID: 16951171 PMCID: PMC1780177 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression of p27 has been associated with poor prognosis in most human cancers, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1), an activator protein (AP-1) coactivator, previously implicated in p27 degradation, is overexpressed in various tumors and correlates with low p27 expression. We examined JAB1 and p27 in normal and neoplastic pancreatic tissues. Increased JAB1 expression was seen in pancreatic carcinoma samples but not in paired normal pancreatic tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarrays showed that JAB1 was overexpressed in all 32 (100%) pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples tested, predominantly nuclear in 23 (72%) samples and predominantly cytoplasmic in 9 (28%) tumors. When 10% was used as a cutoff for p27 positivity, p27 was expressed in 11 (34%) of tumors; however, p27 expression was localized in the nuclei of tumor cells in only 4 (13%) of the samples. Overexpression of the JAB1 in the pancreatic carcinoma cell lines Panc-1, Mia PaCa-2, and Panc-28 resulted in decreased p27 expression. Conversely, down-regulation of JAB1 by short interfering RNA substantially increased p27 expression and inhibited progression from G(1) to S phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, JAB1-mediated p27 degradation was not impaired when S-phase kinase-interacting protein 2 (Skp2), an F-box protein required for the ubiquitination and consequent degradation of p27, was silenced. Thus, JAB1 may have an Skp2-independent p27 degradation mechanism in pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggest that JAB1 overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer through JAB1-mediated p27 degradation and that control of JAB1 expression is a novel therapeutic target in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Kouvaraki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anita L. Korapati
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George Z. Rassidakis
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Chiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Linus Ho
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas B. Evans
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - François X. Claret
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|