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Perearnau A, Orlando S, Islam ABMMK, Gallastegui E, Martínez J, Jordan A, Bigas A, Aligué R, Pujol MJ, Bachs O. p27Kip1, PCAF and PAX5 cooperate in the transcriptional regulation of specific target genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5086-5099. [PMID: 28158851 PMCID: PMC5435914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 (p27) also behaves as a transcriptional repressor. Data showing that the p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) acetylates p27 inducing its degradation suggested that PCAF and p27 could collaborate in the regulation of transcription. However, this possibility remained to be explored. We analyzed here the transcriptional programs regulated by PCAF and p27 in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We identified 269 protein-encoding genes that contain both p27 and PCAF binding sites being the majority of these sites different for PCAF and p27. PCAF or p27 knock down revealed that both regulate the expression of these genes, PCAF as an activator and p27 as a repressor. The double knock down of PCAF and p27 strongly reduced their expression indicating that the activating role of PCAF overrides the repressive effect of p27. We also observed that the transcription factor Pax5 interacts with both p27 and PCAF and that the knock down of Pax5 induces the expression of p27/PCAF target genes indicating that it also participates in the transcriptional regulation mediated by p27/PCAF. In summary, we report here a previously unknown mechanism of transcriptional regulation mediated by p27, Pax5 and PCAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perearnau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Orlando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Edurne Gallastegui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonatan Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Jordan
- Department of Molecular Genomics, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Pujol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Bachs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Castaño-Miquel L, Mas A, Teixeira I, Seguí J, Perearnau A, Thampi BN, Schapire AL, Rodrigo N, La Verde G, Manrique S, Coca M, Lois LM. SUMOylation Inhibition Mediated by Disruption of SUMO E1-E2 Interactions Confers Plant Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens. Mol Plant 2017; 10:709-720. [PMID: 28343913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by SUMO modulates essential biological processes in eukaryotes. SUMOylation is facilitated by sequential action of the E1-activating, E2-conjugating, and E3-ligase enzymes. In plants, SUMO regulates plant development and stress responses, which are key determinants in agricultural productivity. To generate additional tools for advancing our knowledge about the SUMO biology, we have developed a strategy for inhibiting in vivo SUMO conjugation based on disruption of SUMO E1-E2 interactions through expression of E1 SAE2UFDCt domain. Targeted mutagenesis and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this inhibition involves a short motif in SAE2UFDCt highly divergent across kingdoms. Transgenic plants expressing the SAE2UFDCt domain displayed dose-dependent inhibition of SUMO conjugation, and have revealed the existence of a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme levels. Interestingly, these transgenic plants displayed increased susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal infections by Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Early after fungal inoculation, host SUMO conjugation was post-transcriptionally downregulated, suggesting that targeting SUMOylation machinery could constitute a novel mechanism for fungal pathogenicity. These findings support the role of SUMOylation as a mechanism involved in plant protection from environmental stresses. In addition, the strategy for inhibiting SUMO conjugation in vivo described in this study might be applicable in important crop plants and other non-plant organisms regardless of their genetic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castaño-Miquel
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abraham Mas
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Teixeira
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Seguí
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Perearnau
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bhagyasree N Thampi
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldo L Schapire
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaelle La Verde
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Manrique
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Coca
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Pérez-Luna M, Aguasca M, Perearnau A, Serratosa J, Martínez-Balbas M, Jesús Pujol M, Bachs O. PCAF regulates the stability of the transcriptional regulator and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:6520-33. [PMID: 22547391 PMCID: PMC3413142 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P27Kip1 (p27) is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Recently, a new function of p27 as transcriptional regulator has been reported. It has been shown that p27 regulates the expression of target genes mostly involved in splicing, cell cycle, respiration and translation. We report here that p27 directly binds to the transcriptional coactivator PCAF by a region including amino acids 91–120. PCAF associates with p27 through its catalytic domain and acetylates p27 at lysine 100. Our data showed that overexpression of PCAF induces the degradation of p27 whereas in contrast, the knockdown of PCAF stabilizes the protein. A p27 mutant in which K100 was substituted by arginine (p27-K100R) cannot be acetylated by PCAF and has a half-life much higher than that of p27WT. Moreover, p27-K100R remains stable along cell-cycle progression. Ubiquitylation assays and the use of proteasome inhibitors indicate that PCAF induces p27 degradation via proteasome. We also observed that knockdown of skp2 did not affect the PCAF induced degradation of p27. In conclusion, our data suggest that the p27 acetylation by PCAF regulates its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pérez-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036-Barcelona, Spain
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Boyd M, Hansen M, Jensen TGK, Perearnau A, Olsen AK, Bram LL, Bak M, Tommerup N, Olsen J, Troelsen JT. Genome-wide analysis of CDX2 binding in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25115-25. [PMID: 20551321 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.089516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDX2 transcription factor is known to play a crucial role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting differentiation and the expression of intestinal specific genes in intestinal cells. The overall effect of CDX2 in intestinal cells has previously been investigated in conditional knock-out mice, revealing a critical role of CDX2 in the formation of the normal intestinal identity. The identification of direct targets of transcription factors is a key problem in the study of gene regulatory networks. The ChIP-seq technique combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with next generation sequencing resulting in a high throughput experimental method of identifying direct targets of specific transcription factors. The method was applied to CDX2, leading to the identification of the direct binding of CDX2 to several known and novel target genes in the intestinal cell. Examination of the transcript levels of selected genes verified the regulatory role of CDX2 binding. The results place CDX2 as a key node in a transcription factor network controlling the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Boyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, Building 6.4, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3. 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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