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Moyer CL, Brown PH. Targeting nuclear hormone receptors for the prevention of breast cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1200947. [PMID: 37583424 PMCID: PMC10424511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1200947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in research have led to the steady decline of breast cancer mortality over the past thirty years. However, breast cancer incidence has continued to rise, resulting in an undue burden on healthcare costs and highlighting a great need for more effective breast cancer prevention strategies, including targeted chemo preventative agents. Efforts to understand the etiology of breast cancer have uncovered important roles for nuclear receptors in the development and progression of breast cancer. Targeted therapies to inhibit estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) signaling (selective ER modulators, aromatase inhibitors and selective PR modulators) have shown great promise for the treatment and prevention of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. However, these drugs do not prevent HR-negative disease. Therefore, recent efforts have focused on novel targeted therapies with the potential to prevent both HR-positive and HR-negative breast cancer. Among these include drugs that target other nuclear receptors, such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), retinoid X receptor (RXR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this review we provide an overview of recent preclinical and clinical trials targeting members of the nuclear receptor superfamily for the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Moyer
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Powel H. Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Kim MC, Kwon SY, Choi JE, Kang SH, Bae YK. Prediction of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Using Clinicopathological Variables in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2023; 26:105-116. [PMID: 37095618 PMCID: PMC10139850 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncotype DX (ODX) is a well-validated multigene assay that is increasingly used in Korean clinical practice. This study aimed to develop a clinicopathological prediction (CPP) model for the ODX recurrence scores (RSs). METHODS A total of 297 patients (study group, n = 175; external validation group, n = 122) with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, T1-3N0-1M0 breast cancer, and available ODX test results were included in the study. Risk categorization as determined by ODX RSs concurred with the TAILORx study (low-risk, RS ≤ 25; high-risk, RS > 25). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between clinicopathological variables and risk stratified by the ODX RSs. A CPP model was constructed based on regression coefficients (β values) for clinicopathological variables significant by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Progesterone receptor (PR) negativity, high Ki-67 index, and nuclear grade (NG) 3 independently predicted high-risk RS, and these variables were used to construct the CPP model. The C-index, which represented the discriminatory ability of our CPP model for predicting a high-risk RS, was 0.915 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.859-0.971). When the CPP model was applied to the external validation group, the C-index was 0.926 (95% CI, 0.873-0.978). CONCLUSION Our CPP model based on PR, Ki-67 index, and NG could aid in the selection of patients with breast cancer requiring an ODX test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kang
- Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Zhao X, Richardson DR. The role of the NDRG1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188871. [PMID: 36841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. This disease is heterogeneous, with clinical subtypes being estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) positive, having human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, or being triple-negative for ER-α, progesterone receptor, and HER2 (TNBC). The ER-α positive and HER2 overexpressing tumors can be treated with agents targeting these proteins, including tamoxifen and pertuzumab, respectively. Despite these treatments, resistance and metastasis are problematic, while TNBC is challenging to treat due to the lack of suitable targets. Many studies examining BC and other tumors indicate a role for N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) as a metastasis suppressor. The ability of NDRG1 to inhibit metastasis is due, in part, to the inhibition of the initial step in metastasis, namely the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Paradoxically, there are also reports of NDRG1 playing a pro-oncogenic role in BC pathogenesis. The oncogenic effects of NDRG1 in BC have been reported to relate to lipid metabolism or the mTOR signaling pathway. The molecular mechanism(s) of how NDRG1 regulates the activity of multiple signaling pathways remains unclear. Therapeutic strategies that up-regulate NDRG1 have been developed and include agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone class. These compounds target oncogenic drivers in BC cells, suppressing the expression of multiple key hormone receptors including ER-α, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and prolactin receptor, and can also overcome tamoxifen resistance. Considering the varying role of NDRG1 in BC pathogenesis, further studies are required to examine what subset of BC patients would benefit from pharmacopeia that up-regulate NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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4
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Schaduangrat N, Anuwongcharoen N, Moni MA, Lio' P, Charoenkwan P, Shoombuatong W. StackPR is a new computational approach for large-scale identification of progesterone receptor antagonists using the stacking strategy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16435. [PMID: 36180453 PMCID: PMC9525257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptors (PRs) are implicated in various cancers since their presence/absence can determine clinical outcomes. The overstimulation of progesterone can facilitate oncogenesis and thus, its modulation through PR inhibition is urgently needed. To address this issue, a novel stacked ensemble learning approach (termed StackPR) is presented for fast, accurate, and large-scale identification of PR antagonists using only SMILES notation without the need for 3D structural information. We employed six popular machine learning (ML) algorithms (i.e., logistic regression, partial least squares, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, extremely randomized trees, and random forest) coupled with twelve conventional molecular descriptors to create 72 baseline models. Then, a genetic algorithm in conjunction with the self-assessment-report approach was utilized to determine m out of the 72 baseline models as means of developing the final meta-predictor using the stacking strategy and tenfold cross-validation test. Experimental results on the independent test dataset show that StackPR achieved impressive predictive performance with an accuracy of 0.966 and Matthew's coefficient correlation of 0.925. In addition, analysis based on the SHapley Additive exPlanation algorithm and molecular docking indicates that aliphatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing substructures were the most important features for having PR antagonist activity. Finally, we implemented an online webserver using StackPR, which is freely accessible at http://pmlabstack.pythonanywhere.com/StackPR . StackPR is anticipated to be a powerful computational tool for the large-scale identification of unknown PR antagonist candidates for follow-up experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Anuwongcharoen
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence & Digital Health Data Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Pietro Lio'
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK
| | - Phasit Charoenkwan
- Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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High Levels of Progesterone Receptor B in MCF-7 Cells Enable Radical Anti-Tumoral and Anti-Estrogenic Effect of Progestin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081860. [PMID: 36009407 PMCID: PMC9405688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely reported conflicting effects of progestin on breast cancer suggest that the progesterone receptor (PR) has dual functions depending on the cellular context. Cell models that enable PR to fully express anti-tumoral properties are valuable for the understanding of molecular determinant(s) of the anti-tumoral property. This study evaluated whether the expression of high levels of PR in MCF-7 cells enabled a strong anti-tumoral response to progestin. MCF-7 cells were engineered to overexpress PRB by stable transfection. A single dose of Promegestone (R5020) induced an irreversible cell growth arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in MCF-7 cells with PRB overexpression (MCF-7PRB cells) but had no effect on MCF-7 cells with PRA overexpression. The growth-arresting effect was associated with downregulations of cyclin A2 and B1, CDK2, and CDK4 despite an initial upregulation of cyclin A2 and B1. R5020 also induced an evident activation of Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) and upregulation of interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Although R5020 caused a significant increase of CD24+CD44+ cell population, R5020-treated MCF-7PRB cells were unable to form tumorspheres and underwent massive apoptosis, which is paradoxically associated with marked downregulations of the pro-apoptotic proteins BID, BAX, PARP, and Caspases 7 and 8, as well as diminution of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Importantly, R5020-activated PRB abolished the effect of estrogen. This intense anti-estrogenic effect was mediated by marked downregulation of ERα and pioneer factor FOXA1, leading to diminished chromatin-associated ERα and FOXA1 and estrogen-induced target gene expression. In conclusion, high levels of agonist-activated PRB in breast cancer cells can be strongly anti-tumoral and anti-estrogenic despite the initial unproductive cell cycle acceleration. Repression of ERα and FOXA1 expression is a major mechanism for the strong anti-estrogenic effect.
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Wang L, Zhang YL, Jiang C, Duan FF, Yuan ZY, Huang JJ, Bi XW. Novel Signatures Based on the Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3957-3974. [PMID: 35860229 PMCID: PMC9289276 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The value of the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR) in early breast cancer (BC) is unclear. We explored the correlation between the LCR and survival of patients with early BC and established effective LCR-based prognostic signatures for predicting prognosis. Methods In this retrospective study, we randomized 623 patients with early-stage BC diagnosed in December 2010 to October 2012 at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center to training and verification datasets. The median follow-up of all patients was 109 months. The survival differences were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method using the Log rank test. For overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), the independent factors in the training dataset were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, in which two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Based on this, we respectively constructed novel signatures for survival prediction and validated the efficiency of signatures through the concordance index (C-index), calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in both datasets. Results The LCR, lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and Ki67 index were independent prognostic factors of OS. And the LCR and LVI are associated to DFS too. High LCR was associated with better OS and DFS. We constructed the prediction signatures based on those independent prognostic factors and calculated the risk scores. Patients in the training dataset with higher risk scores had significantly worse prognosis (P < 0.001). The signature had excellent discrimination capacity, with an OS C-index of 0.785 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.713–0.857] and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.669–0.832) in the training and verification datasets, respectively. The time–ROC curves also suggest accurate prediction by the signature. Conclusion The LCR was a significant prognostic predictor of OS and DFS in early BC. The LCR-based prognostic signatures could be a useful tool for individualized therapeutic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Li Z, Wei H, Li S, Wu P, Mao X. The Role of Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:305-314. [PMID: 35115765 PMCID: PMC8801368 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s336643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) modulates estrogen receptors α (ERα) action in breast cancer; it is an upregulated target gene of ER, and its expression is dependent on estrogen. PR is also a valuable prognostic biomarker in breast cancer, especially in hormone-positive breast cancer. High expression of PR is more frequently observed in tumors with a better baseline prognosis (ie, luminal A) than tumors with a poor baseline prognosis (ie, luminal B). In the following review, we present the role of PR in breast cancer, including the genomic characteristics and pathways in breast cancer, PR and endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Xia Z, Xiao J, Chen Q. Solving the Puzzle: What Is the Role of Progestogens in Neovascularization? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1686. [PMID: 34827682 PMCID: PMC8615949 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian sex steroids can modulate new vessel formation and development, and the clarification of the underlying mechanism will provide insight into neovascularization-related physiological changes and pathological conditions. Unlike estrogen, which mainly promotes neovascularization through activating classic post-receptor signaling pathways, progesterone (P4) regulates a variety of downstream factors with angiogenic or antiangiogenic effects, exerting various influences on neovascularization. Furthermore, diverse progestins, the synthetic progesterone receptor (PR) agonists structurally related to P4, have been used in numerous studies, which could contribute to unequal actions. As a result, there have been many conflicting observations in the past, making it difficult for researchers to define the exact role of progestogens (PR agonists including naturally occurring P4 and synthetic progestins). This review summarizes available evidence for progestogen-mediated neovascularization under physiological and pathological circumstances, and attempts to elaborate their functional characteristics and regulatory patterns from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
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Fedotcheva TA, Fedotcheva NI, Shimanovsky NL. Progestins as Anticancer Drugs and Chemosensitizers, New Targets and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101616. [PMID: 34683909 PMCID: PMC8540053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone and its synthetic analogues, progestins, participate in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation and cell cycle progression. Progestins are usually applied for contraception, maintenance of pregnancy, and hormone replacement therapy. Recently, their effectiveness in the treatment of hormone-sensitive tumors was revealed. According to current data, the anticancer activity of progestins is mainly mediated by their cytotoxic and chemosensitizing influence on different cancer cells. In connection with the detection of previously unknown targets of the progestin action, which include the membrane-associated progesterone receptor (PR), non-specific transporters related to the multidrug resistance (MDR) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and checkpoints of different signaling pathways, new aspects of their application have emerged. It is likely that the favorable influence of progestins is predominantly associated with the modulation of expression and activity of MDR-related proteins, the inhibition of survival signaling pathways, especially TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which activate the proliferation and promote MDR in cancer cells, and the facilitation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Biological effects of progestins are mediated by the inhibition of these signaling pathways, as well as the direct interaction with the nucleotide-binding domain of ABC-transporters and mitochondrial adenylate translocase as an MPTP component. In these ways, progestins can restore the proliferative balance, the ability for apoptosis, and chemosensitivity to drugs, which is especially important for hormone-dependent tumors associated with estrogen stress, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Fedotcheva
- Science Research Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova St. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-916-935-31-96
| | - Nadezhda I. Fedotcheva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikolai L. Shimanovsky
- Science Research Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovityanova St. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
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Lin TH, Gao HW, Liao GS, Yu JC, Dai MS, Ho JY, Yu CP. Amongst Women Stratified to Receive Endocrine Therapy on the Basis of Their Tumor Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Levels, Those with Higher Tumor Progesterone Receptor Levels Had a Better Outcome Than Those with Lower Levels of Tumor Progesterone Receptor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040905. [PMID: 33670083 PMCID: PMC7926358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death of women worldwide. Several cut-points for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) have been proposed as predictive effects of hormone therapy; while the cut-off values were inconsistent. The aim of our retrospective study was to propose better prognostic cut-off levels for ER and PgR, and their effects on breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) over 5 and 10 years were evaluated in 1807 eligible patients. Subgroups were generated based on ER and PgR expression percentage and scoring from the Allred scoring system (Allred scores). After comparing the hazard ratios (event rates in each group to reference group) of BCSS and DFS using multivariate analyses, our results suggested that patients with PgR expression ≤50% or Allred score ≤5 revealed a poor prognosis and should be paid more attention during follow-up. Abstract Background: To realize the association between stratified expression levels of ER and PgR and long-term prognosis of breast cancer patients who received adjuvant hormone therapy, this study aimed to propose better prognostic cut-off levels for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). Methods: Patients who received adjuvant hormone therapy after surgical intervention were selected. The ER and PgR status and their effects on breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) over 5 and 10 years were evaluated. Next, subgroups were generated based on ER and PgR expression percentage and Allred scores. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: ER and PgR expression were significantly associated with better prognosis in 5 years, whereas only PgR expression was significantly associated during the 10-year follow-up. The optimal cut-off values for better 5-year BCSS were ER > 50%; ER Allred score > 7; PgR ≥ 1%; or PgR Allred score ≥ 3; the corresponding values for DFS were ER > 40%; ER Allred score > 6; PgR > 10%; or PgR Allred score ≥ 3. In the long-term follow-up, PgR of > 50% or Allred score of > 5 carriers revealed a better prognosis of both BCSS and DFS. Conclusion: Patients with a PgR expression > 50% or an Allred score > 5 exhibited better 10-year BCSS and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Han Lin
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (H.-W.G.)
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (H.-W.G.)
| | - Guo-Shiou Liao
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (G.-S.L.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (G.-S.L.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Jar-Yi Ho
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (H.-W.G.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (H.-W.G.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.)
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Althobiti M, El-sharawy KA, Joseph C, Aleskandarany M, Toss MS, Green AR, Rakha EA. Oestrogen-regulated protein SLC39A6: a biomarker of good prognosis in luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:621-630. [PMID: 34453638 PMCID: PMC8505289 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcome of the luminal oestrogen receptor-positive (ER +) subtype of breast cancer (BC) is highly variable and patient stratification needs to be refined. We assessed the prognostic significance of oestrogen-regulated solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) in BC, with emphasis on ER + tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS SLC39A6 mRNA expression and copy number alterations were assessed using the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980). SLC39A6 protein expression was evaluated in a large (n = 670) and annotated series of early-stage (I-III) operable BC using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. The associations between SLC39A6 expression and clinicopathological parameters, patient outcomes and other ER-related markers were evaluated using Chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS High SLC39A6 mRNA and protein expression was associated with features characteristic of less aggressive tumours in the entire BC cohort and ER + subgroup. SLC39A6 protein expression was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the tumour cells. High SLC39A6 nuclear expression and mRNA levels were positively associated with ER + tumours and expression of ER-related markers, including the progesterone receptor, forkhead box protein A1 and GATA binding protein 3. In the ER + luminal BC, high SLC39A6 expression was independently associated with longer BC-specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.015, HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.472‒0.972) even in those who did not receive endocrine therapy (P = 0.001, HR 0.701, 95% CI 0.463‒1.062). CONCLUSION SLC39A6 may be prognostic for a better outcome in ER + luminal BC. Further functional studies to investigate the role of SLC39A6 in ER + luminal BC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Althobiti
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.449644.f0000 0004 0441 5692Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, Shaqra, 11961 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A. El-sharawy
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Chitra Joseph
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Mohammed Aleskandarany
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Michael S. Toss
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Andrew R. Green
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Present Address: Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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12
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Konan HP, Kassem L, Omarjee S, Surmieliova-Garnès A, Jacquemetton J, Cascales E, Rezza A, Trédan O, Treilleux I, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. ERα-36 regulates progesterone receptor activity in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:50. [PMID: 32429997 PMCID: PMC7238515 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in estrogen and progesterone signaling, via their respective receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR), respectively, are largely involved in the development of breast cancer (BC). The recent identification of ERα-36, a splice variant of ERα, has uncovered a new facet of this pathology. Although ERα-36 expression is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis development, and resistance to treatment, its predictive value has so far not been associated with a BC subtype and its mechanisms of action remain understudied. Methods To study ERα-36 expression in BC specimens, we performed immunochemical experiments. Next, the role of ERα-36 in progesterone signaling was investigated by generating KO clones using the CRISPR/CAS9 technology. PR signaling was also assessed by proximity ligation assay, Western blotting, RT-QPCR, and ChIP experiments. Finally, proliferation assays were performed with the IncuCyte technology and migration experiments using scratch assays. Results Here, we demonstrate that ERα-36 expression at the plasma membrane is correlated with a reduced disease-free survival in a cohort of 160 BC patients, particularly in PR-positive tumors, suggesting a crosstalk between ERα-36 and PR. Indeed, we show that ERα-36 interacts constitutively with PR in the nucleus of tumor cells. Moreover, it regulates PR expression and phosphorylation on key residues, impacting the biological effects of progesterone. Conclusions ERα-36 is thus a regulator of PR signaling, interfering with its transcriptional activity and progesterone-induced anti-proliferative effects as well as migratory capacity. Hence, ERα-36 may constitute a new prognostic marker as well as a potential target in PR-positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Philippe Konan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Loay Kassem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soleilmane Omarjee
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ausra Surmieliova-Garnès
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Jacquemetton
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Pathology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France. .,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Bâtiment D, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, F-69000, Lyon, France. .,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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13
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Oudanonh T, Nabi H, Ennour‐Idrissi K, Lemieux J, Diorio C. Progesterone receptor status modifies the association between body mass index and prognosis in women diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2736-2745. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiphavone Oudanonh
- Faculté de médecineUniversité Laval Quebec City QC Canada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division)Université Laval Cancer Research Center Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Hermann Nabi
- Faculté de médecineUniversité Laval Quebec City QC Canada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division)Université Laval Cancer Research Center Quebec City QC Canada
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Populations Health, INSERM U.1018 Villejuif France
| | - Kaoutar Ennour‐Idrissi
- Faculté de médecineUniversité Laval Quebec City QC Canada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division)Université Laval Cancer Research Center Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Julie Lemieux
- Faculté de médecineUniversité Laval Quebec City QC Canada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division)Université Laval Cancer Research Center Quebec City QC Canada
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes‐FabiaCHU de Québec Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Faculté de médecineUniversité Laval Quebec City QC Canada
- CHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center (Oncology division)Université Laval Cancer Research Center Quebec City QC Canada
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes‐FabiaCHU de Québec Quebec City QC Canada
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14
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Zheng ZY, Anurag M, Lei JT, Cao J, Singh P, Peng J, Kennedy H, Nguyen NC, Chen Y, Lavere P, Li J, Du XH, Cakar B, Song W, Kim BJ, Shi J, Seker S, Chan DW, Zhao GQ, Chen X, Banks KC, Lanman RB, Shafaee MN, Zhang XHF, Vasaikar S, Zhang B, Hilsenbeck SG, Li W, Foulds CE, Ellis MJ, Chang EC. Neurofibromin Is an Estrogen Receptor-α Transcriptional Co-repressor in Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:387-402.e7. [PMID: 32142667 PMCID: PMC7286719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor and Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein), is also an estrogen receptor-α (ER) transcriptional co-repressor through leucine/isoleucine-rich motifs that are functionally independent of GAP activity. GAP activity, in turn, does not affect ER binding. Consequently, neurofibromin depletion causes estradiol hypersensitivity and tamoxifen agonism, explaining the poor prognosis associated with neurofibromin loss in endocrine therapy-treated ER+ breast cancer. Neurofibromin-deficient ER+ breast cancer cells initially retain sensitivity to selective ER degraders (SERDs). However, Ras activation does play a role in acquired SERD resistance, which can be reversed upon MEK inhibitor addition, and SERD/MEK inhibitor combinations induce tumor regression. Thus, neurofibromin is a dual repressor for both Ras and ER signaling, and co-targeting may treat neurofibromin-deficient ER+ breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yi Zheng
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Anurag
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Purba Singh
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianheng Peng
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Physical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hilda Kennedy
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhu-Chau Nguyen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Philip Lavere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin-Hui Du
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Henan Cancer Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Burcu Cakar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sinem Seker
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doug W Chan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Henan Cancer Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Maryam Nemati Shafaee
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eric C Chang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Pirsko V, Cakstina I, Priedite M, Dortane R, Feldmane L, Nakazawa-Miklasevica M, Daneberga Z, Gardovskis J, Miklasevics E. An Effect of Culture Media on Epithelial Differentiation Markers in Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF7, MDA-MB-436 and SkBr3. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E11. [PMID: 30344242 PMCID: PMC6037242 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cell culture is one of the mainstays in the research of breast cancer biology, although the extent to which this approach allows to preserve the original characteristics of originating tumor and implications of cell culture findings to real life situations have been widely debated in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the role of three cell culture media on transcriptional expression of breast cancer markers in three breast cancer reference cell lines (MCF7, SkBr3 and MDA-MB-436). Materials and methods: Cell lines were conditioned in three studied media (all containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + hormones/growth factors; different composition of basal media) for four passages. Population growth was characterized by cumulative population doubling levels, average generation time, cell yield and viability at the fourth passage. Transcriptional expression of breast cancer differentiation markers and regulatory transcriptional programs was measured by qPCR. Results: Differences in the composition of growth media significantly influenced the growth of studied cell lines and the expression of mammary lineage governing transcriptional programs and luminal/basal markers. Effects of media on transcriptional expression were more pronounced in luminal cell lines (MCF7, SkBr3), than in the basal cell line (MDA-MB-436). Changes in growth media in terms of supplementation and basal medium delayed growth of cells, but improved cell yields. Conclusions: The expression of breast cancer cell differentiation phenotypic markers depends on the composition of cell growth medium, therefore cell culture as a tool in phenotypic studies should be used considering this effect. The findings of such studies should always be interpreted with caution. The formulation of cell growth media has greater effect on the expression of phenotypic markers in luminal, rather than basal cell lines. Media containing mitogens and higher vitamin content improved efficacy of cell culture in terms of cell yields, although greatly increased growth times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdis Pirsko
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Inese Cakstina
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Marta Priedite
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Rasma Dortane
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Linda Feldmane
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | | | - Zanda Daneberga
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Janis Gardovskis
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, LV1086 Riga, Latvia.
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16
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Laser Printing of PCL/Progesterone Tablets for Drug Delivery Applications in Hormone Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40516-017-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Finlay-Schultz J, Gillen AE, Brechbuhl HM, Ivie JJ, Matthews SB, Jacobsen BM, Bentley DL, Kabos P, Sartorius CA. Breast Cancer Suppression by Progesterone Receptors Is Mediated by Their Modulation of Estrogen Receptors and RNA Polymerase III. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4934-4946. [PMID: 28729413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Greater than 50% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers coexpress the progesterone receptor (PR), which can directly and globally modify ER action to attenuate tumor growth. However, whether this attenuation is mediated only through PR-ER interaction remains unknown. To address this question, we assessed tumor growth in ER/PR-positive patient-derived xenograft models of breast cancer, where both natural and synthetic progestins were found to antagonize the mitogenic effects of estrogens. Probing the genome-wide mechanisms by which this occurs, we documented that chronic progestin treatment blunted ER-mediated gene expression up to 2-fold at the level of mRNA transcripts. Unexpectedly, <25% of all ER DNA binding events were affected by the same treatment. The PR cistrome displayed a bimodal distribution. In one group, >50% of PR binding sites were co-occupied by ER, with a propensity for both receptors to coordinately gain or lose binding in the presence of progesterone. In the second group, PR but not ER was associated with a large fraction of RNA polymerase III-transcribed tRNA genes, independent of hormone treatment. Notably, we discovered that PR physically associated with the Pol III holoenzyme. Select pre-tRNAs and mature tRNAs with PR and POLR3A colocalized at their promoters were relatively decreased in estrogen + progestin-treated tumors. Our results illuminate how PR may indirectly impede ER action by reducing the bioavailability of translational molecules needed for tumor growth. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4934-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Austin E Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Heather M Brechbuhl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joshua J Ivie
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shawna B Matthews
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David L Bentley
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Kabos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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18
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Yao N, Song Z, Wang X, Yang S, Song H. Prognostic Impact of Progesterone Receptor Status in Chinese Estrogen Receptor Positive Invasive Breast Cancer Patients. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:160-169. [PMID: 28690652 PMCID: PMC5500399 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) have been used as indicators of endocrine system status since the mid-1970s in the clinical management of breast cancer. The predictive role of ER in endocrine therapy is undisputed, but the prognostic value of PR is still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of ER positive breast cancer with different PR expression levels. Methods A population cohort of 3,030 primary invasive ER positive breast cancer patients from a single cancer center underwent surgery and received adjuvant endocrine therapy from 2004 to 2010. The clinical and biological features of these patients with high PR-expressing tumors were compared with those of patients with low PR-expressing tumors. The follow-up data for disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was obtained from 2,778 patients. Cox regression analysis was used to correlate biomarkers and tumor characteristics with DFS, OS, and BCSS. Results Tumors with low PR expression had more invasive pathological features and biological indexes than those with high PR expression. Low PR expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS (p=0.014; hazard ratio [HR], 0.781; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.641–0.950), OS (p=0.002; HR, 0.699; 95% CI, 0.560–0.873), and BCSS (p=0.005; HR, 0.714; 95% CI, 0.566–0.902). Furthermore, in low PR expressing tumors, patients who received chemotherapy had better DFS (p=0.002; HR, 0.449; 95% CI, 0.268–0.751), OS (p<0.001; HR, 0.341; 95% CI, 0.192–0.606), and BCSS (p<0.001; HR, 0.292; 95% CI, 0.156–0.549) than patients who did not received chemotherapy. Conclusion Patients with ER positive invasive breast cancer with low PR expressing tumors have a worse prognosis than those with high PR expressing tumors, and these patients can benefit from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Song
- Breast Diseases Treatment Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinle Wang
- Breast Diseases Treatment Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Breast Diseases Treatment Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heng Song
- Breast Diseases Treatment Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Abstract
There is an abundance of accumulating data strongly suggesting there is a key role for the progesterone receptor in the molecular events effecting the growth or containment of a variety of cancers. This knowledge should lead to novel new strategies to combat various cancers, including drugs classified as progesterone receptor modulators or monoclonal antibodies against some of the key proteins needed for cancer proliferation by suppressing immune surveillance. Areas covered: The role of the classic nuclear receptor and molecular events needed for proliferation are reviewed including cancers of the breast, endometrium, prostate, thyroid, and leiomyomas and leiomyosarcoma. The potential role of non-genomic membrane progesterone receptors is reviewed. The prognostic role of the presence of progesterone receptors is also discussed. Over 1000 research publications were read after conducting a PubMed search. Expert commentary: Discussion is made about a unique immunomodulatory protein called the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF). The role of this protein, that is unique to rapidly growing cells, may hold a key to how the cancer cells escape immune surveillance. Thus, techniques to suppress the intracytoplasmic isoforms of PIBF may play a significant role in the fight against all cancers, not just the ones with the classic nuclear progesterone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome H Check
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility , Cooper Medical School of Rowan University , Camden , New Jersey , United States
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20
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Carroll JS, Hickey TE, Tarulli GA, Williams M, Tilley WD. Deciphering the divergent roles of progestogens in breast cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:54-64. [PMID: 27885264 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers are driven by oestrogen receptor-α. Anti-oestrogenic drugs are the standard treatment for these breast cancers; however, treatment resistance is common, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. Recent preclinical and historical clinical studies support the use of progestogens to activate the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancers. However, widespread controversy exists regarding the role of progestogens in this disease, hindering the clinical implementation of PR-targeted therapies. Herein, we present and discuss data at the root of this controversy and clarify the confusion and misinterpretations that have consequently arisen. We then present our view on how progestogens may be safely and effectively used in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Williams
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Carroll JS. Mechanisms of oestrogen receptor (ER) gene regulation in breast cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:R41-9. [PMID: 26884552 PMCID: PMC5065078 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most breast cancers are driven by a transcription factor called oestrogen receptor (ER). Understanding the mechanisms of ER activity in breast cancer has been a major research interest and recent genomic advances have revealed extraordinary insights into how ER mediates gene transcription and what occurs during endocrine resistance. This review discusses our current understanding on ER activity, with an emphasis on several evolving, but important areas of ER biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Carroll
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Thomas C, Gustafsson JÅ. Progesterone receptor-estrogen receptor crosstalk: a novel insight. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:453-4. [PMID: 26277479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number loss of the PGR gene and decreased expression of progesterone receptor (PR) may account for worse clinical outcomes in some individuals with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. A recent report shows that PR activation inhibits estrogen-driven breast tumor growth by altering ERα chromatin binding and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
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23
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Mohammed H, Russell IA, Stark R, Rueda OM, Hickey TE, Tarulli GA, Serandour AAA, Birrell SN, Bruna A, Saadi A, Menon S, Hadfield J, Pugh M, Raj GV, Brown GD, D’Santos C, Robinson JLL, Silva G, Launchbury R, Perou CM, Stingl J, Caldas C, Tilley WD, Carroll JS. Progesterone receptor modulates ERα action in breast cancer. Nature 2015; 523:313-7. [PMID: 26153859 PMCID: PMC4650274 DOI: 10.1038/nature14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is used as a biomarker of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) function and breast cancer prognosis. Here we show that PR is not merely an ERα-induced gene target, but is also an ERα-associated protein that modulates its behaviour. In the presence of agonist ligands, PR associates with ERα to direct ERα chromatin binding events within breast cancer cells, resulting in a unique gene expression programme that is associated with good clinical outcome. Progesterone inhibited oestrogen-mediated growth of ERα(+) cell line xenografts and primary ERα(+) breast tumour explants, and had increased anti-proliferative effects when coupled with an ERα antagonist. Copy number loss of PGR, the gene coding for PR, is a common feature in ERα(+) breast cancers, explaining lower PR levels in a subset of cases. Our findings indicate that PR functions as a molecular rheostat to control ERα chromatin binding and transcriptional activity, which has important implications for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mohammed
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - I. Alasdair Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rory Stark
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Oscar M. Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Theresa E. Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and the Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Hanson Institute Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerard A. Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and the Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Hanson Institute Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Aurelien A. A. Serandour
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen N. Birrell
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and the Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Hanson Institute Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Amel Saadi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Suraj Menon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James Hadfield
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Michelle Pugh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ganesh V. Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Clive D’Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jessica L. L. Robinson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Grace Silva
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rosalind Launchbury
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John Stingl
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE
| | - Wayne D. Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and the Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Hanson Institute Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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24
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Zhu S, Liang R, Jiang H, Wu W. An Efficient Route to Polysubstituted Tetrahydronaphthols: Silver-Catalyzed [4+2] Cyclization of 2-Alkylbenzaldehydes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10861-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Zhu S, Liang R, Jiang H, Wu W. An Efficient Route to Polysubstituted Tetrahydronaphthols: Silver-Catalyzed [4+2] Cyclization of 2-Alkylbenzaldehydes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Drabovich AP, Pavlou MP, Dimitromanolakis A, Diamandis EP. Quantitative analysis of energy metabolic pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by selected reaction monitoring assay. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:422-34. [PMID: 22535206 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the quantitative response of energy metabolic pathways in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and estradiol stimulation, we developed a targeted proteomics assay for accurate quantification of protein expression in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathways. Cell growth conditions were selected to roughly mimic the exposure of cells in the cancer tissue to the intermittent hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and hormonal stimulation. Targeted proteomics assay allowed for reproducible quantification of 76 proteins in four different growth conditions after 24 and 48 h of perturbation. Differential expression of a number of control and metabolic pathway proteins in response to the change of growth conditions was found. Elevated expression of the majority of glycolytic enzymes was observed in hypoxia. Cancer cells, as opposed to near-normal MCF-10A cells, exhibited significantly increased expression of key energy metabolic pathway enzymes (FBP1, IDH2, and G6PD) that are known to redirect cellular metabolism and increase carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Our quantitative proteomic protocol is based on a mass spectrometry-compatible acid-labile detergent and is described in detail. Optimized parameters of a multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay for 76 proteins, 134 proteotypic peptides, and 401 transitions are included and can be downloaded and used with any SRM-compatible mass spectrometer. The presented workflow is an integrated tool for hypothesis-driven studies of mammalian cells as well as functional studies of proteins, and can greatly complement experimental methods in systems biology, metabolic engineering, and metabolic transformation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei P Drabovich
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada
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27
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Sivaramakrishnan G, Sun Y, Rajmohan R, Lin VCL. B30.2/SPRY domain in tripartite motif-containing 22 is essential for the formation of distinct nuclear bodies. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2093-9. [PMID: 19481078 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) is an important antiviral protein that forms distinct nuclear bodies (NB) in many cell types. This study aims to identify functional domains/residues for TRIM22's nuclear localization and NB formation. Deletion of the really-interesting-new-gene (RING) domain, which is essential for its antiviral property, abolished TRIM22 NB formation. However, mutation of two critical residues Cys15 and Cys18 to alanine in the RING domain, did not affect NB formation notably. Although the deletion of the putative bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) abolished TRIM22 localization and NB formation, the B30.2/SplA and ryanodine receptor (SPRY) domain, and residues 491-494 specifically are also essential for nuclear localization and NB formation.
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28
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Sivaramakrishnan G, Sun Y, Tan SK, Lin VCL. Dynamic localization of tripartite motif-containing 22 in nuclear and nucleolar bodies. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1521-32. [PMID: 19331816 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) exhibits antiviral and growth inhibitory properties, but there has been no study on the localization and dynamics of the endogenous TRIM22 protein. We report here that TRIM22 is dramatically induced by progesterone in MDA-MB-231-derived ABC28 cells and T47D cells. This induction was associated with an increase in TRIM22 nuclear bodies (NB), and an even more prominent increase in nucleolar TRIM22 bodies. Distinct endogenous TRIM22 NB were also demonstrated in several other cell lines including MCF7 and HeLa cells. These TRIM22 NB resemble Cajal bodies, co-localized with these structures and co-immunoprecipitated with p80-coilin. However, IFNgamma-induced TRIM22 in HeLa and MCF7 cells did not form NB, implying the forms and distribution of TRIM22 are regulated by specific cellular signals. This notion is also supported by the observation that TRIM22 NB undergoes dynamic cell-cycle dependent changes in distribution such that TRIM22 NB started to form in early G0/G1 but became dispersed in the S-phase. In light of its potential antiviral and antitumor properties, the findings here provide an interesting gateway to study the relationship between the different forms and functions of TRIM22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Sivaramakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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29
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Zheng ZY, Lin VCL. Anti-estrogenic effect of unliganded progesterone receptor is estrogen-selective in breast cancer cells MCF-7. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Oh YJ, Jung YJ, Kang JW, Yoo YS. Investigation of the estrogenic activities of pesticides from Pal-dang reservoir by in vitro assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 388:8-15. [PMID: 17904202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, when absorbed into the body, interfere with the normal function by mimicking or blocking the hormone system. To investigate compounds mimicking estrogen in the drinking water source of the residence of Seoul, the Pal-dang reservoir was monitored over a period of 5 years, between 2000 and 2004. Nine kinds of pesticide (carbaryl, DBCP, diazinon, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, flutolanil, iprobenphos, isoprothiolane and parathion) were found to exist in the river water sample. These compounds were detected at low concentrations in the water samples. The total concentration and those of each of these pesticides were below the permissible limits of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. The estrogenic potencies of the nine pesticides were examined using an E-screen assay with MCF-7 BUS estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cells, with ER-negative MDA MB 231 cell lines also used to compare the results. From this, flutolanil and isoprothiolane were confirmed to have estrogenic activities as shown by the increasing MCF-7 BUS cell growth on their addition. In addition, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) protein, estrogen receptor-regulated progesterone receptor (PR) and pS2 mRNA levels on the addition of flutolanil and isoprothiolane were measured with MCF-7 BUS cells. It was observed that the levels of ERalpha protein decreased and those of the PR and pS2 genes increased on the addition of either flutolanil or isoprothiolane at concentrations of 10(-4) M, in the same manner as with the addition of 17beta-estradiol, which was used as the positive control. From these results, it was confirmed that flutolanil and isoprothiolane exhibit estrogenic activities, suggesting they might act through estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Oh
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zheng ZY, Zheng SM, Bay BH, Aw SE, C-L Lin V. Anti-estrogenic mechanism of unliganded progesterone receptor isoform B in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 110:111-25. [PMID: 17687644 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over half of breast cancer cases are estrogen-dependent and strategies to combat estrogen-dependent breast cancer have been to either block the activation of estrogen receptor (ER) or diminish the supply of estrogens. Our previous work documented that estrogen-independent expression of progesterone receptor (PR) in MCF-7 cells markedly disrupted the effects of estrogen. In this study, we have developed an adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system to study the specific involvement of PR isoform A (PR-A) and PR-B in the anti-estrogenic effect and its mechanism of action. The results revealed that PR-B, but not PR-A, exhibited distinct anti-estrogenic effect on E2-induced cell growth, gene expression, and ER-ERE interaction in a ligand-independent manner. The anti-estrogenic effect of PR-B was also associated with heightened metabolism and increased cellular uptake of estradiol-17 beta (E2). We have also found that the B-upstream segment of PR-B alone was able to inhibit E2-induced ER-ERE interaction and cellular uptake of E2. Although PR-A alone did not affect E2-induced ER activity, it antagonized the anti-estrogenic effect of PR-B in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings suggest an important mechanism of maintaining a favorable level of ER activity by PR-A and PR-B in estrogen target cells for optimal growth and differentiation. The potential anti-estrogenic mechanism of PR-B may be exploited for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yi Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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32
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Soares R, Guerreiro S, Botelho M. Elucidating progesterone effects in breast cancer: Cross talk with PDGF signaling pathway in smooth muscle cell. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:174-83. [PMID: 16888808 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that progesterone exerts relevant effects in breast tissue. However, the exact role of this steroid in breast cancer development and progression has not been elucidated. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A is one of the progesterone target genes on breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells. A paracrine role for PDGF-A was investigated, since its receptor expression was down-regulated from breast cancer cells. Progesterone increased PDGF-A protein release as evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. Medium from Progesterone-treated MCF7 cells resulted in phosphorylation of smooth muscle cells PDGF receptor alpha. This effect was not observed after treatment with PDGF inhibitor. MCF7 cells-secreted PDGF-A was able to increase smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation and decrease apoptosis, effects that were prevented by the use of a PDGF-A neutralizing antibody. Notably, cell invasion was not influenced by PDGF-A secreted by MCF7 cells. Our results elucidated for the first time the cross talk between progesterone and PDGF signaling pathway. The fact that MCF7-secreted PDGF elicited crucial roles in vascular wall smooth muscle cells, suggested a paracrine pathway for progesterone. Targeting these progesterone-induced processes may provide novel therapeutic strategies for hormone-dependent human breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Estradiol/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Paracrine Communication
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology
- Progesterone/physiology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/physiology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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33
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Stepanova M, Lin F, Lin VCL. Establishing a statistic model for recognition of steroid hormone response elements. Comput Biol Chem 2006; 30:339-47. [PMID: 16971184 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of hormone response elements (HREs) is essential for understanding the mechanism of hormone-regulated gene expression. To date, there has been a lack of effective bioinformatics tools for recognition of specific HRE such as Progesterone Response Elements (PRE). In this paper, a comprehensive survey and comparison of in silico methods is conducted for establishing a more accurate statistic model. Homogeneity of steroid HRE is analyzed and a reliable training dataset is constructed through extensive searching for experimentally validated response elements from more than 150 literature sources. Based on the observation that the verified HREs carry di-nucleotide preservation in comparison with uniform nucleotide distributions, both mono and di-nucleotide Position Weight Matrices are computed to extract the statistic pattern of the positions. It is followed by the sequence transition pattern recognition using a specifically designed profile Hidden Markov Model. Reciprocal combination of the statistic and transition patterns significantly improves the performance of the model in terms of higher sensitivity and specificity. Upon acquisition of the putative response elements in the promoter areas of vertebrate genes, a qualitative scheme is applied to assess the probability for each gene to be a hormone primary target. Using >650 records of experimentally validated steroid hormone response elements, a high sensitivity level of 73% and high specificity level of one prediction per 8.24 kb is reached, allowing this model to be used for further prediction of primary target genes through the analysis of their upstream promoters, for human or other vertebrate genomes of interest. Additional documents, supplementary data and the web-based program developed for response elements prediction are freely available for academic research at . Submission of putative gene promoter regions for recognition of potential regulatory PREs can be as long as 5 kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stepanova
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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34
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Chang CJ, Chiu JH, Tseng LM, Chang CH, Chien TM, Wu CW, Lui WY. Modulation of HER2 expression by ferulic acid on human breast cancer MCF7 cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:588-96. [PMID: 16893382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the mitogenic effect of ferulic acid (FA), an active compound derived from Angelica sinensis, have never been elucidated. It was the aim of this study to investigate the proliferative effect of FA on human breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate its modulation mechanism on HER2 expression in MCF7 line. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using MCF7 (oestrogen receptor-positive; ER+, HER2-low), BT474 (ER+, HER2-high), MDAMB231 (ER-, HER2-low) and SKBR3 (ER-, HER2-high) human breast cancer cell lines as in vitro models, the mitogenic effects of FA were assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and DNA flow cytometry. Ferulic acid-modulated cell signalling and HER2 gene expression were evaluated in MCF7 line by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Ferulic acid ER-dependently stimulated cell proliferation on MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The HER2 oncogene (one of the prognostic factors of breast cancer) and ESR1 gene (oestrogen receptor-alpha; ERalpha) transcription were markedly up-regulated by FA treatment. Besides, HER2 signalling and its downstream molecules such as AKT and ERK1/2 were involved in FA-modulated ERalpha and cyclin D1 synthesis. Addition of anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab, abrogated FA-enhanced proliferative effect on MCF7 cells, indicated a positive feedback control for the action of HER2 in this setting. The fact that the ER antagonist blocked most of the FA-up-regulated HER2 expression, and that trastuzumab down-regulated ERalpha gene expression, suggested a cross-talk between ERalpha and HER2 signalling on MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION The authors' conclude that FA causes human breast cancer cell proliferation by up-regulation of HER2 and ERalpha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Cao S, Iyer JK, Lin V. Identification of tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9, a hormonally regulated protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:310-7. [PMID: 16678794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9 (TTC9) mRNA was drastically up-regulated by progesterone in progesterone receptor-transfected breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. This up-regulation is coupled with progesterone-mediated growth inhibition and induction of focal adhesion. We have generated mouse polyclonal antibody against a predicted 222 aa TTC9 protein and identified a 25 kDa TTC9 protein that is widely expressed in human tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. Immunostaining and cell fractionation studies revealed that TTC9 is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The level of TTC9 protein in MCF-7 cells is regulated by various factors and chemical reagents including estrogen, progesterone, growth factors, ICI182,780, and p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580. Growth factor-induced TTC9 protein expression was inhibited by estrogen and abolished by ERK inhibitor PD98059. Though the function of TTC9 is not yet clear, the susceptibility of its protein level to biological and chemical agents suggests that TTC9 is a biologically significant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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