1
|
Lin L, Liu Y, Liang R, Guo Y, Xu R, Fan R, Jiao Z, Zhao W, Yue L, Lu M, Liu S, Su XZ, Li J. Size-dependent enhancement of gene expression by Plasmodium 5'UTR introns. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:238. [PMID: 38802937 PMCID: PMC11131223 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic genes contain introns that are removed by the spliceosomal machinery during mRNA maturation. Introns impose a huge energetic burden on a cell; therefore, they must play an essential role in maintaining genome stability and/or regulating gene expression. Many genes (> 50%) in Plasmodium parasites contain predicted introns, including introns in 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR). However, the roles of UTR introns in the gene expression of malaria parasites remain unknown. METHODS In this study, an episomal dual-luciferase assay was developed to evaluate gene expression driven by promoters with or without a 5'UTR intron from four Plasmodium yoelii genes. To investigate the effect of the 5'UTR intron on endogenous gene expression, the pytctp gene was tagged with 3xHA at the N-terminal of the coding region, and parasites with or without the 5'UTR intron were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. RESULTS We showed that promoters with 5'UTR introns had higher activities in driving gene expression than those without 5'UTR introns. The results were confirmed in recombinant parasites expressing an HA-tagged gene (pytctp) driven by promoter with or without 5'UTR intron. The enhancement of gene expression was intron size dependent, but not the DNA sequence, e.g. the longer the intron, the higher levels of expression. Similar results were observed when a promoter from one strain of P. yoelii was introduced into different parasite strains. Finally, the 5'UTR introns were alternatively spliced in different parasite development stages, suggesting an active mechanism employed by the parasites to regulate gene expression in various developmental stages. CONCLUSIONS Plasmodium 5'UTR introns enhance gene expression in a size-dependent manner; the presence of alternatively spliced mRNAs in different parasite developmental stages suggests that alternative slicing of 5'UTR introns is one of the key mechanisms in regulating parasite gene expression and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ruoxi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lixia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mingke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shengfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mesbahi H, Pho KB, Tench AJ, Leon Guerrero VL, MacNeil LT. Cuticle Collagen Expression Is Regulated in Response to Environmental Stimuli by the GATA Transcription Factor ELT-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2020; 215:483-495. [PMID: 32229533 PMCID: PMC7268988 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is protected from the environment by the cuticle, an extracellular collagen-based matrix that encloses the animal. Over 170 cuticular collagens are predicted in the C. elegans genome, but the role of each individual collagen is unclear. Stage-specific specialization of the cuticle explains the need for some collagens; however, the large number of collagens suggests that specialization of the cuticle may also occur in response to other environmental triggers. Missense mutations in many collagen genes can disrupt cuticle morphology, producing a helically twisted body causing the animal to move in a stereotypical pattern described as rolling. We find that environmental factors, including diet, early developmental arrest, and population density can differentially influence the penetrance of rolling in these mutants. These effects are in part due to changes in collagen gene expression that are mediated by the GATA family transcription factor ELT-3 We propose a model by which ELT-3 regulates collagen gene expression in response to environmental stimuli to promote the assembly of a cuticle specialized to a given environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Mesbahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Kim B Pho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Andrea J Tench
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Victoria L Leon Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ikeda T, Fragiadaki M, Shi-wen X, Ponticos M, Khan K, Denton C, Garcia P, Bou-Gharios G, Yamakawa A, Morimoto C, Abraham D. Transforming growth factor- β-induced CUX1 isoforms are associated with fibrosis in systemic sclerosis lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:246-252. [PMID: 28955913 PMCID: PMC5613511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the enhancer region of the human type I collagen alpha 2 (COL1A2) gene, we identified cis-elements for the transcription factor CUX1. However, the role of CUX1 in fibrosis remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of CUX1 in the regulation of COL1 expression and delineated the mechanisms underlying the regulation of COL1A2 expression by CUX1 in systemic sclerosis (SSc) lung fibroblasts. The binding of CUX1 to the COL1A2 enhancer region was assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays after treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Subsequently, the protein expression levels of CUX1 isoforms were determined using Western blotting. Finally, the expression levels of COL1 and fibrosis-related cytokines, including CTGF, ET-1, Wnt1 and β-catenin were determined. The binding of CUX1 isoforms to the COL1A2 enhancer region increased after TGF-β treatment. TGF-β also increased the protein levels of the CUX1 isoforms p200, p150, p110, p75, p30 and p28. Moreover, SSc lung fibroblasts showed higher levels of CUX1 isoforms than normal lung fibroblasts, and treatment of SSc lung fibroblasts with a cathepsin L inhibitor (IW-CHO) decreased COL1 protein expression and reduced cell size, as measured using immunocytochemistry. In SSc and diffuse alveolar damage lung tissue sections, CUX1 localised within α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells. Our results suggested that CUX1 isoforms play vital roles in connective tissue deposition during wound repair and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsurou Ikeda
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
- Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Xu Shi-wen
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Korsa Khan
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Patricia Garcia
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Akio Yamakawa
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Abraham
- Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin J, Madaan U, Park A, Aftab N, Savage-Dunn C. Multiple cis elements and GATA factors regulate a cuticle collagen gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genesis 2015; 53:278-84. [PMID: 25711168 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a specialized extracellular matrix whose major component is collagen. Cuticle collagens are encoded by a large multigene family consisting of more than 150 members. Cuticle collagen genes are expressed in epidermis (hypodermis) and may be stage-specific or cyclically expressed. We identified cuticle collagen genes as transcriptional targets of the DBL-1 TGF-β-related signaling pathway. These studies prompted us to investigate the cis-regulatory sequences required for transcription of one of the target genes, col-41. We generated reporter constructs that reproduce stage- and tissue-specific expression of fluorescent markers. We identify four conserved sequence elements that are required for transcription of reporters. Finally, we provide evidence that col-41 expression is controlled by a sequence element containing two GATA sites and by the epidermal GATA transcription factors ELT-1 and ELT-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yin
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, New York; The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galli GG, Honnens de Lichtenberg K, Carrara M, Hans W, Wuelling M, Mentz B, Multhaupt HA, Fog CK, Jensen KT, Rappsilber J, Vortkamp A, Coulton L, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabě de Angelis M, Calogero RA, Couchman JR, Lund AH. Prdm5 regulates collagen gene transcription by association with RNA polymerase II in developing bone. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002711. [PMID: 22589746 PMCID: PMC3349747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PRDM family members are transcriptional regulators involved in tissue specific differentiation. PRDM5 has been reported to predominantly repress transcription, but a characterization of its molecular functions in a relevant biological context is lacking. We demonstrate here that Prdm5 is highly expressed in developing bones; and, by genome-wide mapping of Prdm5 occupancy in pre-osteoblastic cells, we uncover a novel and unique role for Prdm5 in targeting all mouse collagen genes as well as several SLRP proteoglycan genes. In particular, we show that Prdm5 controls both Collagen I transcription and fibrillogenesis by binding inside the Col1a1 gene body and maintaining RNA polymerase II occupancy. In vivo, Prdm5 loss results in delayed ossification involving a pronounced impairment in the assembly of fibrillar collagens. Collectively, our results define a novel role for Prdm5 in sustaining the transcriptional program necessary to the proper assembly of osteoblastic extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giacomo Galli
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bettina Mentz
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cathrine Kolster Fog
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Thorleif Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Les Coulton
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics TUM, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Raffaele Adolfo Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - John Robert Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Henrik Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sollazzo V, Palmieri A, Pezzetti F, Massari L, Carinci F. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human osteoblastlike cells (MG-63): a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2260-77. [PMID: 20387020 PMCID: PMC2895828 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are used to treat delayed unions and nonunions, their mechanisms of action are not completely clear. However, PEMFs are known to affect the expression of certain genes. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked (1) whether PEMFs affect gene expression in human osteoblastlike cells (MG63) in vitro, and (2) whether and to what extent stimulation by PEMFs induce cell proliferation and differentiation in MG-63 cultures. METHODS We cultured two groups of MG63 cells. One group was treated with PEMFs for 18 hours whereas the second was maintained in the same culture condition without PEMFs (control). Gene expression was evaluated throughout cDNA microarray analysis containing 19,000 genes spanning a substantial fraction of the human genome. RESULTS PEMFs induced the upregulation of important genes related to bone formation (HOXA10, AKT1), genes at the transductional level (CALM1, P2RX7), genes for cytoskeletal components (FN1, VCL), and collagenous (COL1A2) and noncollagenous (SPARC) matrix components. However, PEMF induced downregulation of genes related to the degradation of extracellular matrix (MMP-11, DUSP4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PEMFs appear to induce cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, PEMFs promote extracellular matrix production and mineralization while decreasing matrix degradation and absorption. Our data suggest specific mechanisms of the observed clinical effect of PEMFs, and thus specific approaches for use in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sollazzo
- Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmieri
- Istituto di Chirurgia Maxillo Facciale Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Furio Pezzetti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia Generale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leo Massari
- Istituto di Clinica Ortopedica Università di Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Istituto di Chirurgia Maxillo Facciale Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hua G, Zhu B, Rosa F, Deblon N, Adélaïde J, Kahn-Perlès B, Birnbaum D, Imbert J. A negative feedback regulatory loop associates the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and the transcription factor GATA4 in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:402-14. [PMID: 19276186 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the ERBB2 gene, linked to genomic and transcriptional amplifications, is a poor prognosis indicator in 25% to 30% of breast cancers. In contrast to some well-documented genomic amplifications, molecular mechanisms leading to ERBB2 transcriptional overexpression remain poorly characterized. Gene expression analyses of breast cancer have characterized distinct transcriptional signatures allowing a molecular classification of breast carcinoma. Coexpression of the ERBB2 and GATA4 genes was originally observed in tumors. Both genes are essential for cardiovascular development and GATA4 has been proposed to control the transcription of critical genes for the differentiation and the function of myocardium. We determined that ERBB2-targeted small interfering RNA repressed both ERBB2 and GATA4 genes, whereas GATA4-targeted small interfering RNA repressed GATA4 and activated ERBB2 transcription. Transfected GATA4-expressing construct repressed ERBB2 promoter. Phylogenetic foot printing revealed multiple putative GATA4 binding sites conserved in mammals within the ERBB2 promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GATA4 binds specifically to several ERBB2 gene noncoding regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed GATA4 binding to a well-conserved consensus motif. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the role of this new regulatory element for the activity of the ERBB2 gene enhancer. In agreement with a repressor role of GATA4 on ERBB2 gene expression balanced by ERBB2 activation of the GATA4 gene, a negative correlation between the relative levels of ERBB2 and GATA4 mRNA was observed in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor samples. We propose that the negative feedback loop linking ERBB2 and GATA4 plays a role in the transcriptional dysregulation of ERBB2 gene expression in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Hua
- Université de la Méditerranée, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee J, Jung E, Yu H, Kim Y, Ha J, Kim YS, Park D. Mechanisms of carvacrol-induced expression of type I collagen gene. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 52:160-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
9
|
Abstract
Uncontrolled production of collagen I is the main feature of liver fibrosis. Following a fibrogenic stimulus such as alcohol, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transform into an activated collagen-producing cell. In alcoholic liver disease, numerous changes in gene expression are associated with HSC activation, including the induction of several intracellular signaling cascades, which help maintain the activated phenotype and control the fibrogenic and proliferative state of the cell. Detailed analyses for understanding the molecular basis of the collagen I gene regulation have revealed a complex process involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key mediators. Less is known, however, about the contribution of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In addition, a series of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, which activate extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells through paracrine and autocrine loops, contribute to the fibrogenic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Urtasun
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - L. Conde de la Rosa
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - N. Nieto
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1123, Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-76, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rylski M, Amborska R, Zybura K, Mioduszewska B, Michaluk P, Jaworski J, Kaczmarek L. Yin Yang 1 is a critical repressor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in brain neurons. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35140-53. [PMID: 18940814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804540200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane depolarization controls long lasting adaptive neuronal changes in brain physiology and pathology. Such responses are believed to be gene expression-dependent. Notably, however, only a couple of gene repressors active in nondepolarized neurons have been described. In this study, we show that in the unstimulated rat hippocampus in vivo, as well as in the nondepolarized brain neurons in primary culture, the transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is bound to the proximal Mmp-9 promoter and strongly represses Mmp-9 transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate that monoubiquitinated and CtBP1 (C-terminal binding protein 1)-bound YY1 regulates Mmp-9 mRNA synthesis in rat brain neurons controlling its transcription apparently via HDAC3-dependent histone deacetylation. In conclusion, our data suggest that YY1 exerts, via epigenetic mechanisms, a control over neuronal expression of MMP-9. Because MMP-9 has recently been shown to play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological neuronal plasticity, YY1 may be implicated in these phenomena as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rylski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rylski M, Amborska R, Zybura K, Michaluk P, Bielinska B, Konopacki FA, Wilczynski GM, Kaczmarek L. JunB is a repressor of MMP-9 transcription in depolarized rat brain neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 40:98-110. [PMID: 18976709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an extracellularly operating enzyme involved in the synaptic plasticity, hippocampal-dependent long term memory and neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown its upregulation following seizure-evoking stimuli. Herein, we show that in the rat brain, MMP-9 mRNA expression in response to pentylenetetrazole-evoked neuronal depolarization is transient. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the rat hippocampus neuronal activation strongly induces JunB expression, simultaneously leading to an accumulation of JunB/FosB complexes onto the -88/-80 bp site of the rat MMP-9 gene promoter in vivo. Surprisingly, manipulations with JunB expression levels in activated neurons revealed its moderate repressive action onto MMP-9 gene expression. Therefore, our study documents the active repressive influence of AP-1 onto MMP-9 transcriptional regulation by the engagement of JunB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rylski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghatnekar A, Trojanowska M. GATA-6 is a novel transcriptional repressor of the human Tenascin-C gene expression in fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2007; 1779:145-51. [PMID: 18177748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we show that GATA-6 is a novel repressor of TN-C gene expression. We demonstrated that overexpression of GATA-6 in fibroblasts inhibited basal levels, as well as markedly decreased IL-4- and TGF-beta-induced TN-C mRNA and protein levels. A GATA-6 response element was mapped to position -467 to -460 of the TN-C promoter. In addition, we showed that GATA-6 binds this site both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ghatnekar
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, CSB 912, SC 29425-2229, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka S, Ramirez F. The first intron of the human alpha2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) contains a novel interferon-gamma responsive element. Matrix Biol 2006; 26:185-9. [PMID: 17142024 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell transfection assays have shown that several transcription factors can mediate interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) inhibition of the human alpha2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) by binding distinct cis-acting elements in the proximal promoter. Recent transgenic work, on the other hand, has identified a strong repressor in the first intron of COL1A2 that includes a binding site for interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Here we present evidence from cell transfection experiments indicating that this IRF-binding site (IF3) is a novel target of the pathways elicited by INF-gamma to blunt transcription from the COL1A2 promoter. First, we showed that INF-gamma stimulates the production of IRF-1 transcripts, as well as the formation of an IRF-1 containing complex at the FI3 element. Second, we demonstrated that IRF-1 over-expression inhibits COL1A2 promoter activity specifically through the action of FI3, in addition to decreasing the steady-state levels of the endogenous COL1A2 mRNA. Third, we documented that INF-gamma treatment of cultured fibroblasts increases binding of IRF-1 to FI3 in the endogenous COL1A2 gene. Together our findings further extend the list of transcription factors involved in INF-gamma inhibition of COL1A2 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Genetics and Organogenesis, Research Division of the Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department Physiology and Biophysics at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramirez F, Tanaka S, Bou-Gharios G. Transcriptional regulation of the human alpha2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2), an informative model system to study fibrotic diseases. Matrix Biol 2006; 25:365-72. [PMID: 16815696 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, the human pro-alpha2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) has emerged as an informative model in which to study the general principles that govern the transcriptional control of extracellular matrix deposition in normal and fibrotic conditions. Multiple studies have in fact delineated the genomic regions, cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors implicated in constitutive, cytokine-modulated and tissue-specific expression of COL1A2. These functional components are integrated into a regulatory network that consists of the proximal promoter, far-upstream enhancer and downstream repressor, and which operates according to two mechanisms. The first mechanism is one in which combinatorial interactions among promoter-bound proteins determine transcriptional outcome in different cellular and experimental contexts. The other mechanism is one whereby cooperative assembly of protein complexes at distantly located DNA elements directs spatiotemporal specificity. These transcriptional studies have also an additional value in translational research, in that they are providing the conceptual means to develop new animal models of and therapeutic strategies for fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ramirez
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert W. Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|