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Robert C, Imbert J, Lajnef M, Noûs C, Cabiran G, Robert S, Cabiran F, Mathieu F. [Production of knowledge using data collected by associations of patients: The fibromyalgia example]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:81-88. [PMID: 33492223 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To respond to the social challenge of medical knowledge democratisation, numerous initiatives have been developed: information, training or consultation of patients or research applications funded by associations of patients. Only a few numbers of collaborations are initiated by the persons directly involved (patients and relatives) or fulfill association research need. We have adopted and tested such an approach with the French fibromyalgia association (Fibromyalgie France). Our work demonstrates the interest to use data collected by associations of patients to answer to their questioning or to rise further relevant research questions. Such participative approach will have a pertinent and significant impact on the knowledge of diseases and on the development of collaborative actions of research, providing a better answer to patient needs, while being methodologically rigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Robert
- Fibromyalgie France, 32 rue de Laghouat, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de recherches biomédicales, Créteil, France
| | | | - Gilbert Cabiran
- Fibromyalgie France, 32 rue de Laghouat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Serge Robert
- Fibromyalgie France, 32 rue de Laghouat, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Flavie Mathieu
- Mission Associations Recherche & Société de l'Inserm, DISC, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, France
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2
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Hua G, Bergon A, Cauchy P, Kahn-Perlès B, Bertucci F, Birnbaum D, Benkirane-Jessel N, Imbert J. ERBB2b mRNA isoform encodes a nuclear variant of the ERBB2 oncogene in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4870-4886. [PMID: 32628295 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The presence of nuclear ERBB2 receptor-type tyrosine kinase is one of the causes of the resistance to membrane ERBB2-targeted therapy in breast cancers. It has been previously reported that this nuclear location arises through at least two different mechanisms: proteolytic shedding of the extracellular domain of the full-length receptor and translation of the messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoding ERBB2 from internal initiation codons. Here, we report a new mechanism and function where a significant portion of nuclear ERBB2 results from the translation of the variant ERBB2 mRNA under the transcriptional control of a distal promoter that is actively used in breast cancer cells. We show that both membrane ERBB2a and nuclear ERBB2b isoforms are prevalently expressed in breast cancer cell lines and carcinoma samples. The ERBB2b isoform, which is translated from mRNA variant 2, can directly translocate into the nucleus due to the lack of the signal peptide which is required for an intermediate membrane location. Small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing showed that ERBB2b can repress ERBB2a expression, encoded by variant 1, whereas ERBB2a activates ERBB2b. Nuclear ERBB2 binding to its own promoter was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the origin and function of nuclear ERBB2 where it can participate at the same time in a positive or a negative feedback autoregulatory loop, dependent on which of its promoters this bona fide transcription factor is acting. They also provide a new understanding for the resistance to therapies targeting the membrane-anchored ERBB2 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Hua
- INSERM UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- INSERM UMR1260, RNM, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- INSERM UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- INSERM UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - François Bertucci
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, CRCM, CNRS UMR 7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, CRCM, CNRS UMR 7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM UMR1260, RNM, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- INSERM UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Aigle A, Bonin P, Fernandez-Nunez N, Loriod B, Guasco S, Bergon A, Armougom F, Iobbi-Nivol C, Imbert J, Michotey V. The nature of the electron acceptor (MnIV/NO3) triggers the differential expression of genes associated with stress and ammonium limitation responses in Shewanella algae C6G3. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4939474. [PMID: 29566166 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae C6G3 can dissimilatively reduce nitrate into ammonium and manganese oxide (MnIV) into MnII. It has the unusual ability to anaerobically produce nitrite from ammonium in the presence of MnIV. To gain insight into their metabolic capabilities, global mRNA expression patterns were investigated by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR in cells growing with lactate and ammonium as carbon and nitrogen sources, and with either MnIV or nitrate as electron acceptors. Genes exhibiting higher expression levels in the presence of MnIV belonged to functional categories of carbohydrate, coenzyme, lipid metabolisms and inorganic ion transport. The comparative transcriptomic pattern between MnIV and NO3 revealed that the strain presented an ammonium limitation status with MnIV, despite the presence of a non-limiting concentration of ammonium under both culture conditions. In addition, in the presence of MnIV, ntrB/nrtC regulators, ammonium channel, nitrogen regulatory protein P-II, glutamine synthetase and asparagine synthetase glutamine-dependent genes were over-represented. Under the nitrate condition, the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of several amino acids was increased. Finally, the expression level of genes associated with the general stress response was also amplified in both conditions and among them, katE, a putative catalase/peroxidase present on several Shewanella genomes, was highly expressed with a median value relatively higher in the MnIV condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Aigle
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Bonin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | | | - Béatrice Loriod
- UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Sophie Guasco
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Fabrice Armougom
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Iobbi-Nivol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, BIP Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR 7281, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Valérie Michotey
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
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Cauchy P, Kahn-Perlès B, Ferrier P, Imbert J, Lécine P. 2HybridTools, a handy software to facilitate clone identification and mutation mapping from yeast two-hybrid screening. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7245. [PMID: 31309003 PMCID: PMC6612259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) and reverse Two-Hybrid (RY2H) are powerful protein–protein interaction screening methods that rely on the interaction of bait and prey proteins fused to DNA binding (DB) and activation domains (AD), respectively. Y2H allows identification of protein interaction partners using screening libraries, while RY2H is used to determine residues critical to a given protein–protein interaction by exploiting site-directed mutagenesis. Currently, both these techniques still rely on sequencing of positive clones using conventional Sanger sequencing. For Y2H, a screen can yield several positives; the identification of such clones is further complicated by the fact that sequencing products usually contain vector sequence. For RY2H, obtaining a complete sequence is required to identify the full range of residues involved in protein–protein interactions. However, with Sanger sequencing limited to 500–800 nucleotides, sequencing is usually carried from both ends for clones greater than this length. Analysis of such RY2H data thus requires assembly of sequencing products combined with trimming of vector sequences and of low-quality bases at the beginning and ends of sequencing products. Further, RY2H analysis requires collation of mutations that abrogate a DB/AD interaction. Here, we present 2HybridTools, a Java program with a user-friendly interface that allows addressing all these issues inherent to both Y2H and RY2H. Specifically, for Y2H, 2HybridTools enables automated identification of positive clones, while for RY2H, 2HybridTools provides detailed mutation reports as a basis for further investigation of given protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Inserm U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France.,TAGC, Inserm U1090, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Université de la Mediterranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Kahn-Perlès
- TAGC, Inserm U1090, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Université de la Mediterranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Ferrier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Inserm U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France.,Université de la Mediterranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- TAGC, Inserm U1090, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Université de la Mediterranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Lécine
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Université de la Mediterranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France.,Vaccine Thematic Unit, BIOASTER, Lyon, France
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Galindo-Albarrán A, López-Portales O, Gutiérrez-Reyna D, Rodríguez-Jorge O, Sánchez-Villanueva J, Ramírez-Pliego O, Bergon A, Loriod B, Holota H, Imbert J, Hernández-Mendoza A, Ferrier P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Valencia A, Spicuglia S, Santana M. CD8 + T Cells from Human Neonates Are Biased toward an Innate Immune Response. Cell Rep 2016; 17:2151-2160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Amrani A, van Helden J, Bergon A, Aouane A, Ben Hania W, Tamburini C, Loriod B, Imbert J, Ollivier B, Pradel N, Dolla A. Deciphering the adaptation strategies of Desulfovibrio piezophilus to hydrostatic pressure through metabolic and transcriptional analyses. Environ Microbiol Rep 2016; 8:520-526. [PMID: 27264199 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desulfovibrio piezophilus strain C1TLV30(T) is a mesophilic piezophilic sulfate-reducer isolated from Wood Falls at 1700 m depth in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we analysed the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on this deep-sea living bacterium at the physiologic and transcriptomic levels. Our results showed that lactate oxidation and energy metabolism were affected by the hydrostatic pressure. Especially, acetyl-CoA oxidation pathway and energy conservation through hydrogen and formate recycling would be more important when the hydrostatic pressure is above (26 MPa) than below (0.1 MPa) the optimal one (10 MPa). This work underlines also the role of the amino acid glutamate as a piezolyte for the Desulfovibrio genus. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 146 differentially expressed genes emphasizing energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism and cell motility and signal transduction mechanisms as hydrostatic pressure responding processes. This dataset allowed us to identify a sequence motif upstream of a subset of differentially expressed genes as putative pressure-dependent regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Amrani
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, IRD, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM110, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques van Helden
- Inserm, U1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13007, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- Inserm, U1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13007, France
| | - Aicha Aouane
- Service de Microscopie Electronique, IBDML, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
| | - Wajdi Ben Hania
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, IRD, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM110, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
| | - Christian Tamburini
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, IRD, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM110, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
| | - Béatrice Loriod
- Inserm, U1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13007, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- Inserm, U1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090; TGML/TAGC, Marseille, F-13007, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, IRD, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM110, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, IRD, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM110, Marseille, Cedex 09, 13288, France
| | - Alain Dolla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
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Sakakini N, Turchi L, Bergon A, Holota H, Rekima S, Lopez F, Paquis P, Almairac F, Fontaine D, Baeza-Kallee N, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H, Figarella-Branger D, Burel-Vandenbos F, Imbert J, Virolle T. A Positive Feed-forward Loop Associating EGR1 and PDGFA Promotes Proliferation and Self-renewal in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10684-99. [PMID: 27002148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common primary brain tumors, highly vascularized, infiltrating, and resistant to current therapies. This cancer leads to a fatal outcome in less than 18 months. The aggressive behavior of glioblastomas, including resistance to current treatments and tumor recurrence, has been attributed to glioma stemlike/progenitor cells. The transcription factor EGR1 (early growth response 1), a member of a zinc finger transcription factor family, has been described as tumor suppressor in gliomas when ectopically overexpressed. Although EGR1 expression in human glioblastomas has been associated with patient survival, its precise location in tumor territories as well as its contribution to glioblastoma progression remain elusive. In the present study, we show that EGR1-expressing cells are more frequent in high grade gliomas where the nuclear expression of EGR1 is restricted to proliferating/progenitor cells. We show in primary cultures of glioma stemlike cells that EGR1 contributes to stemness marker expression and proliferation by orchestrating a PDGFA-dependent growth-stimulatory loop. In addition, we demonstrate that EGR1 acts as a positive regulator of several important genes, including SHH, GLI1, GLI2, and PDGFA, previously linked to the maintenance and proliferation of glioma stemlike cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sakakini
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Samah Rekima
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Fabrice Lopez
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Philipe Paquis
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Denys Fontaine
- the Service de Neurchirurgie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Nathalie Baeza-Kallee
- Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13284 Marseille, France, CRO2, INSERM UMR 911, 13284 Marseille Cedex, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- CNRS UMR8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, and University Pierre and Marie Curie UMCR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- CNRS UMR8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France, and University Pierre and Marie Curie UMCR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS, Team Glial Plasticity, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 13284 Marseille, France, CRO2, INSERM UMR 911, 13284 Marseille Cedex, France, the Departement de Pathology, CHU de la Timone, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Fanny Burel-Vandenbos
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France, the Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice 06107, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- INSERM, U1090, Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy/Technical Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TGML/TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille F-13009, France,
| | - Thierry Virolle
- From the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France,
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Cauchy P, Maqbool MA, Zacarias-Cabeza J, Vanhille L, Koch F, Fenouil R, Gut M, Gut I, Santana MA, Griffon A, Imbert J, Moraes-Cabé C, Bories JC, Ferrier P, Spicuglia S, Andrau JC. Dynamic recruitment of Ets1 to both nucleosome-occupied and -depleted enhancer regions mediates a transcriptional program switch during early T-cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:3567-85. [PMID: 26673693 PMCID: PMC4856961 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ets1 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that plays an important role during hematopoiesis, and is essential for the transition of CD4−/CD8− double negative (DN) to CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Using genome-wide and functional approaches, we investigated the binding properties, transcriptional role and chromatin environment of Ets1 during this transition. We found that while Ets1 binding at distal sites was associated with active genes at both DN and DP stages, its enhancer activity was attained at the DP stage, as reflected by levels of the core transcriptional hallmarks H3K4me1/3, RNA Polymerase II and eRNA. This dual, stage-specific ability reflected a switch from non-T hematopoietic toward T-cell specific gene expression programs during the DN-to-DP transition, as indicated by transcriptome analyses of Ets1−/− thymic cells. Coincidentally, Ets1 associates more specifically with Runx1 in DN and with TCF1 in DP cells. We also provide evidence that Ets1 predominantly binds distal nucleosome-occupied regions in DN and nucleosome-depleted regions in DP. Finally and importantly, we demonstrate that Ets1 induces chromatin remodeling by displacing H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes. Our results thus provide an original model whereby the ability of a transcription factor to bind nucleosomal DNA changes during differentiation with consequences on its cognate enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cauchy
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France Inserm U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Muhammad A Maqbool
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier F-34293, France
| | - Joaquin Zacarias-Cabeza
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Laurent Vanhille
- Inserm U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Frederic Koch
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Romain Fenouil
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Marta Gut
- Centre Nacional D'Anàlisi Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona ES-08028, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centre Nacional D'Anàlisi Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona ES-08028, Spain
| | - Maria A Santana
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Aurélien Griffon
- Inserm U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- Inserm U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Carolina Moraes-Cabé
- INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris F-75475, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Bories
- INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris F-75475, France
| | - Pierre Ferrier
- CIML CNRS UMR7280, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France CIML INSERM U1104, Case 906, Campus de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Inserm U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Marseille F-13009, France Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille F-13009, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR5535, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier F-34293, France
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9
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Sanchez C, Baier C, Colle JG, Chelbi R, Rihet P, Le Treut T, Imbert J, Sébahoun G, Venton G, Costello RT. Natural killer cells in patients with polycythemia vera. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:644-50. [PMID: 26407910 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK) are pivotal cells of innate immunity. They are potent antileukemic cytotoxic effectors. A defect in their cytotoxicity has been described in some hematopoietic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. This defect is at least partially linked to a decreased or absent expression of some activating NK cells molecules, more particularly the so-called natural cytotoxicity receptors. In the present study, we more particularly focused our attention on NK cells of polycythemia vera, a myeloproliferative disease characterized by the presence of mutated JAK2 tyrosine kinase. The polymerase chain reaction analysis of NK cells from patients showed that they expressed the mutated form of JAK2. In polycythemia vera the proportion of NK was increased compared to healthy donors. The proliferative and cytotoxic abilities of NK cells from patients were similar to healthy donors. Expression of activating or inhibitory receptors was comparable in patients and donors, with nonetheless an imbalance for the inhibitory form of the CD158a,h couple of receptors in patients. Finally, the transcriptomic profile analysis clearly identified a discriminant signature between NK cells from patients and donors that could putatively be the consequence of abnormal continuous activation of mutated JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Sanchez
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier, Salon de Provence, France
| | - Céline Baier
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Julien G Colle
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Thérèse Le Treut
- AP-HM, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Sébahoun
- AP-HM, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffroy Venton
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - Régis T Costello
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
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10
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Zacarías-Cabeza J, Belhocine M, Vanhille L, Cauchy P, Koch F, Pekowska A, Fenouil R, Bergon A, Gut M, Gut I, Eick D, Imbert J, Ferrier P, Andrau JC, Spicuglia S. Transcription-dependent generation of a specialized chromatin structure at the TCRβ locus. J Immunol 2015; 194:3432-43. [PMID: 25732733 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombination assembles Ag receptor genes during lymphocyte development. Enhancers at AR loci are known to control V(D)J recombination at associated alleles, in part by increasing chromatin accessibility of the locus, to allow the recombination machinery to gain access to its chromosomal substrates. However, whether there is a specific mechanism to induce chromatin accessibility at AR loci is still unclear. In this article, we highlight a specialized epigenetic marking characterized by high and extended H3K4me3 levels throughout the Dβ-Jβ-Cβ gene segments. We show that extended H3K4 trimethylation at the Tcrb locus depends on RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription. Furthermore, we found that the genomic regions encompassing the two DJCβ clusters are highly enriched for Ser(5)-phosphorylated Pol II and short-RNA transcripts, two hallmarks of transcription initiation and early transcription. Of interest, these features are shared with few other tissue-specific genes. We propose that the entire DJCβ regions behave as transcription "initiation" platforms, therefore linking a specialized mechanism of Pol II transcription with extended H3K4 trimethylation and highly accessible Dβ and Jβ gene segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Zacarías-Cabeza
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Belhocine
- INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Vanhille
- INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France; INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Koch
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Aleksandra Pekowska
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy, Infrastructures en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marta Gut
- Centre Nacional D'Anàlisi Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centre Nacional D'Anàlisi Genòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Eick
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Center for Integrated Protein Science, 80336 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Jean Imbert
- INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy, Infrastructures en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Ferrier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5535, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7280, F-13009 Marseille, France; INSERM U1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR-S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, F-13009 Marseille, France;
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11
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Amrani A, Bergon A, Holota H, Tamburini C, Garel M, Ollivier B, Imbert J, Dolla A, Pradel N. Transcriptomics reveal several gene expression patterns in the piezophile Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis in response to hydrostatic pressure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106831. [PMID: 25215865 PMCID: PMC4162548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq was used to study the response of Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney on the East-Pacific Rise at a depth of 2,600 m, to various hydrostatic pressure growth conditions. The transcriptomic datasets obtained after growth at 26, 10 and 0.1 MPa identified only 65 differentially expressed genes that were distributed among four main categories: aromatic amino acid and glutamate metabolisms, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and unknown function. The gene expression patterns suggest that D. hydrothermalis uses at least three different adaptation mechanisms, according to a hydrostatic pressure threshold (HPt) that was estimated to be above 10 MPa. Both glutamate and energy metabolism were found to play crucial roles in these mechanisms. Quantitation of the glutamate levels in cells revealed its accumulation at high hydrostatic pressure, suggesting its role as a piezolyte. ATP measurements showed that the energy metabolism of this bacterium is optimized for deep-sea life conditions. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms linked to hydrostatic pressure adaptation in sulfate-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Amrani
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- Inserm, U1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- Inserm, U1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Tamburini
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Garel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- Inserm, U1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090, TGML/TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Dolla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (AD); (NP)
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM110, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (AD); (NP)
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12
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Di Gregorio E, Borroni B, Giorgio E, Lacerenza D, Ferrero M, Lo Buono N, Ragusa N, Mancini C, Gaussen M, Calcia A, Mitro N, Hoxha E, Mura I, Coviello DA, Moon YA, Tesson C, Vaula G, Couarch P, Orsi L, Duregon E, Papotti MG, Deleuze JF, Imbert J, Costanzi C, Padovani A, Giunti P, Maillet-Vioud M, Durr A, Brice A, Tempia F, Funaro A, Boccone L, Caruso D, Stevanin G, Brusco A. ELOVL5 mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxia 38. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:209-17. [PMID: 25065913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorders involving the cerebellum and 23 different genes. We mapped SCA38 to a 56 Mb region on chromosome 6p in a SCA-affected Italian family by whole-genome linkage analysis. Targeted resequencing identified a single missense mutation (c.689G>T [p.Gly230Val]) in ELOVL5. Mutation screening of 456 independent SCA-affected individuals identified the same mutation in two further unrelated Italian families. Haplotyping showed that at least two of the three families shared a common ancestor. One further missense variant (c.214C>G [p.Leu72Val]) was found in a French family. Both missense changes affect conserved amino acids, are predicted to be damaging by multiple bioinformatics tools, and were not identified in ethnically matched controls or within variant databases. ELOVL5 encodes an elongase involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 and ω6 series. Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, two final products of the enzyme, were reduced in the serum of affected individuals. Immunohistochemistry on control mice and human brain demonstrated high levels in Purkinje cells. In transfection experiments, subcellular localization of altered ELOVL5 showed a perinuclear distribution with a signal increase in the Golgi compartment, whereas the wild-type showed a widespread signal in the endoplasmic reticulum. SCA38 and SCA34 are examples of SCAs due to mutations in elongase-encoding genes, emphasizing the importance of fatty-acid metabolism in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Lacerenza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Lo Buono
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Neftj Ragusa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marion Gaussen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Calcia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Isabella Mura
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Vaula
- Neurologic Division 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Philippe Couarch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurologic Division 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Jean Imbert
- Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy platform, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1090, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Costanzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, WC1 N3BG London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Boccone
- Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale 8, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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13
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Sawan C, Hernandez-Vargas H, Murr R, Lopez F, Vaissière T, Ghantous AY, Cuenin C, Imbert J, Wang ZQ, Ren B, Herceg Z. Histone acetyltransferase cofactor Trrap maintains self-renewal and restricts differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 31:979-91. [PMID: 23362228 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin states are believed to play a key role in distinct patterns of gene expression essential for self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs); however, the genes governing the establishment and propagation of the chromatin signature characteristic of pluripotent cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the histone acetyltransferase cofactor Trrap in mouse ESCs triggers unscheduled differentiation associated with loss of histone acetylation, condensation of chromatin into distinct foci (heterochromatization), and uncoupling of H3K4 dimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation. Trrap loss results in downregulation of stemness master genes Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 and marked upregulation of specific differentiation markers from the three germ layers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis of genome-wide binding revealed a significant overlap between Oct4 and Trrap binding in ESCs but not in differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts, further supporting a functional interaction between Trrap and Oct4 in the maintenance of stemness. Remarkably, failure to downregulate Trrap prevents differentiation of ESCs, suggesting that downregulation of Trrap may be a critical step guiding transcriptional reprogramming and differentiation of ESCs. These findings establish Trrap as a critical part of the mechanism that restricts differentiation and promotes the maintenance of key features of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sawan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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14
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Lepoivre C, Belhocine M, Bergon A, Griffon A, Yammine M, Vanhille L, Zacarias-Cabeza J, Garibal MA, Koch F, Maqbool MA, Fenouil R, Loriod B, Holota H, Gut M, Gut I, Imbert J, Andrau JC, Puthier D, Spicuglia S. Divergent transcription is associated with promoters of transcriptional regulators. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:914. [PMID: 24365181 PMCID: PMC3882496 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Divergent transcription is a wide-spread phenomenon in mammals. For instance, short bidirectional transcripts are a hallmark of active promoters, while longer transcripts can be detected antisense from active genes in conditions where the RNA degradation machinery is inhibited. Moreover, many described long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed antisense from coding gene promoters. However, the general significance of divergent lncRNA/mRNA gene pair transcription is still poorly understood. Here, we used strand-specific RNA-seq with high sequencing depth to thoroughly identify antisense transcripts from coding gene promoters in primary mouse tissues. Results We found that a substantial fraction of coding-gene promoters sustain divergent transcription of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)/mRNA gene pairs. Strikingly, upstream antisense transcription is significantly associated with genes related to transcriptional regulation and development. Their promoters share several characteristics with those of transcriptional developmental genes, including very large CpG islands, high degree of conservation and epigenetic regulation in ES cells. In-depth analysis revealed a unique GC skew profile at these promoter regions, while the associated coding genes were found to have large first exons, two genomic features that might enforce bidirectional transcription. Finally, genes associated with antisense transcription harbor specific H3K79me2 epigenetic marking and RNA polymerase II enrichment profiles linked to an intensified rate of early transcriptional elongation. Conclusions We concluded that promoters of a class of transcription regulators are characterized by a specialized transcriptional control mechanism, which is directly coupled to relaxed bidirectional transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Christophe Andrau
- Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Case 928, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
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15
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Liang Y, Cucchetti M, Roncagalli R, Yokosuka T, Malzac A, Bertosio E, Imbert J, Nijman IJ, Suchanek M, Saito T, Wülfing C, Malissen B, Malissen M. The lymphoid lineage-specific actin-uncapping protein Rltpr is essential for costimulation via CD28 and the development of regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:858-66. [PMID: 23793062 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although T cell activation can result from signaling via T cell antigen receptor (TCR) alone, physiological T cell responses require costimulation via the coreceptor CD28. Through the use of an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenesis screen, we identified a mutation in Rltpr. We found that Rltpr was a lymphoid cell-specific, actin-uncapping protein essential for costimulation via CD28 and the development of regulatory T cells. Engagement of TCR-CD28 at the immunological synapse resulted in the colocalization of CD28 with both wild-type and mutant Rltpr proteins. However, the connection between CD28 and protein kinase C-θ and Carma1, two key effectors of CD28 costimulation, was abrogated in T cells expressing mutant Rltpr, and CD28 costimulation did not occur in those cells. Our findings provide a more complete model of CD28 costimulation in which Rltpr has a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinming Liang
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Costello R, Lecine P, Kahn-Perlès B, Algarté M, Lipcey C, Olive D, Imbert J. Activation du système de facteurs de transcription Rel/NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lepoivre C, Bergon A, Lopez F, Perumal NB, Nguyen C, Imbert J, Puthier D. TranscriptomeBrowser 3.0: introducing a new compendium of molecular interactions and a new visualization tool for the study of gene regulatory networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 22292669 PMCID: PMC3395838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deciphering gene regulatory networks by in silico approaches is a crucial step in the study of the molecular perturbations that occur in diseases. The development of regulatory maps is a tedious process requiring the comprehensive integration of various evidences scattered over biological databases. Thus, the research community would greatly benefit from having a unified database storing known and predicted molecular interactions. Furthermore, given the intrinsic complexity of the data, the development of new tools offering integrated and meaningful visualizations of molecular interactions is necessary to help users drawing new hypotheses without being overwhelmed by the density of the subsequent graph. Results We extend the previously developed TranscriptomeBrowser database with a set of tables containing 1,594,978 human and mouse molecular interactions. The database includes: (i) predicted regulatory interactions (computed by scanning vertebrate alignments with a set of 1,213 position weight matrices), (ii) potential regulatory interactions inferred from systematic analysis of ChIP-seq experiments, (iii) regulatory interactions curated from the literature, (iv) predicted post-transcriptional regulation by micro-RNA, (v) protein kinase-substrate interactions and (vi) physical protein-protein interactions. In order to easily retrieve and efficiently analyze these interactions, we developed In-teractomeBrowser, a graph-based knowledge browser that comes as a plug-in for Transcriptome-Browser. The first objective of InteractomeBrowser is to provide a user-friendly tool to get new insight into any gene list by providing a context-specific display of putative regulatory and physical interactions. To achieve this, InteractomeBrowser relies on a "cell compartments-based layout" that makes use of a subset of the Gene Ontology to map gene products onto relevant cell compartments. This layout is particularly powerful for visual integration of heterogeneous biological information and is a productive avenue in generating new hypotheses. The second objective of InteractomeBrowser is to fill the gap between interaction databases and dynamic modeling. It is thus compatible with the network analysis software Cytoscape and with the Gene Interaction Network simulation software (GINsim). We provide examples underlying the benefits of this visualization tool for large gene set analysis related to thymocyte differentiation. Conclusions The InteractomeBrowser plugin is a powerful tool to get quick access to a knowledge database that includes both predicted and validated molecular interactions. InteractomeBrowser is available through the TranscriptomeBrowser framework and can be found at: http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/tbrowser/. Our database is updated on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lepoivre
- TAGC UMR_S 928, Inserm, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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Pekowska A, Benoukraf T, Zacarias-Cabeza J, Belhocine M, Koch F, Holota H, Imbert J, Andrau JC, Ferrier P, Spicuglia S. H3K4 tri-methylation provides an epigenetic signature of active enhancers. EMBO J 2011; 30:4198-210. [PMID: 21847099 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of post-translational histone modifications shape the chromatin landscape during cell development in eukaryotes. However, little is known about the modifications exactly delineating functionally engaged regulatory elements. For example, although histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1) indicates the presence of transcriptional gene enhancers, it does not provide clearcut information about their actual position and stage-specific activity. Histone marks were, therefore, studied here at genomic loci differentially expressed in early stages of T-lymphocyte development. The concomitant presence of the three H3K4 methylation states (H3K4me1/2/3) was found to clearly reflect the activity of bona fide T-cell gene enhancers. Globally, gain or loss of H3K4me2/3 at distal genomic regions correlated with, respectively, the induction or the repression of associated genes during T-cell development. In the Tcrb gene enhancer, the H3K4me3-to-H3K4me1 ratio decreases with the enhancer's strength. Lastly, enhancer association of RNA-polymerase II (Pol II) correlated with the presence of H3K4me3 and Pol II accumulation resulted in local increase of H3K4me3. Our results suggest the existence of functional links between Pol II occupancy, H3K4me3 enrichment and enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pekowska
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, Marseille, France
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Sanchez CJ, Le Treut T, Boehrer A, Knoblauch B, Imbert J, Olive D, Costello RT. Natural killer cells and malignant haemopathies: a model for the interaction of cancer with innate immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1-13. [PMID: 20697893 PMCID: PMC11029698 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the therapeutic approach of malignant haemopathies, their prognoses remain frequently poor. Immunotherapy offers an alternative of great interest in this context but defect or abnormal expression of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), frequently observed in cancer cells, limits its efficiency. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are able to kill target cells in a HLA-independent way, represent a novel tool in the treatment of haematological malignancies. Abnormal NK cytolytic function is observed in all the haematological malignancies studied, such as acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myeloid/lymphoid leukaemia. Several mechanisms are involved in the alterations of NK cytotoxicity: decreased expression of activating receptors, increased expression of inhibitory receptors or defective expression of NK ligands on target cells. Further studies are needed to identify how each type of haematological malignancy escapes from the innate immune response. Attempts to increase the expression of activating receptors, to counteract inhibitory receptors expression, or to increase NK cell cytotoxic capacities could overcome tumour escape from innate immunity. These therapies are based on monoclonal antibodies or culture of NK cells in presence of cytokines or dendritic cells. Moreover, many novel drugs used in haematological malignancies [tyrosine kinase inhibitors, IMIDs(®), proteasome inhibitors, demethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), histamine dihydrochloride] display interesting immunomodulatory properties that affect NK cells. These data suggest that combined modalities associating cytotoxic drugs with innate immunity modulators may represent a major breakthrough in tumour eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Sanchez
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- U928 Inserm, TAGC, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - T. Le Treut
- U928 Inserm, TAGC, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A. Boehrer
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - B. Knoblauch
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - J. Imbert
- U928 Inserm, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - D. Olive
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR891 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - R. T. Costello
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- U928 Inserm, TAGC, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital La Conception, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147 boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
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Costello R, Sanchez C, Le Treut T, Rihet P, Imbert J, Sébahoun G. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma gene expression profiling and potential therapeutic exploitations. Br J Haematol 2009; 150:21-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Bourgarel-Rey V, Savry A, Hua G, Carré M, Bressin C, Chacon C, Imbert J, Braguer D, Barra Y. Transcriptional down-regulation of Bcl-2 by vinorelbine: identification of a novel binding site of p53 on Bcl-2 promoter. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1148-56. [PMID: 19555669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family contains a panel of proteins which are conserved regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells, like the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. According to its significant role in altering susceptibility to apoptosis, the deciphering of the mechanism of Bcl-2 expression modulation may be crucial for identifying therapeutics strategies for cancer. Treatment with microtubule-targeting agents, including taxanes and Vinca alkaloids, generally leads to a decrease in Bcl-2 intracellular amounts. Whereas the interest for these chemotherapeutics is accompanied by advances in the fundamental understanding of their anticancer properties, the molecular mechanism underlying changes in Bcl2 expression remains poorly understood. We report here that p53 contributes to vinorelbine-induced Bcl-2 down-regulation. Indeed, the decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels observed during vinorelbine-induced apoptosis was correlated to the decrease in mRNA levels, as a result of the inhibition of Bcl-2 transcription and promoter activity. In this context, we evaluated p53 contribution in the Bcl-2 transcriptional down-regulation. We identified, by chromatin immunoprecipitation, a novel p53 binding site in the Bcl-2 promoter, within a region upstream P(1) promoter. We showed that vinorelbine treatment increased this interaction in A549 cells. This work strengthens the links between p53 and Bcl-2 at a transcriptional level, upon microtubule-targeting agent treatment. Our study also provides answers that will be useful to assess microtubule-targeting agents' mechanism of action and that may help to better understand and increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bourgarel-Rey
- INSERM UMR 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et en Oncopharmacologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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22
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Hua G, Zhu B, Rosa F, Deblon N, Adélaïde J, Kahn-Perlès B, Birnbaum D, Imbert J. A negative feedback regulatory loop associates the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and the transcription factor GATA4 in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:402-14. [PMID: 19276186 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the ERBB2 gene, linked to genomic and transcriptional amplifications, is a poor prognosis indicator in 25% to 30% of breast cancers. In contrast to some well-documented genomic amplifications, molecular mechanisms leading to ERBB2 transcriptional overexpression remain poorly characterized. Gene expression analyses of breast cancer have characterized distinct transcriptional signatures allowing a molecular classification of breast carcinoma. Coexpression of the ERBB2 and GATA4 genes was originally observed in tumors. Both genes are essential for cardiovascular development and GATA4 has been proposed to control the transcription of critical genes for the differentiation and the function of myocardium. We determined that ERBB2-targeted small interfering RNA repressed both ERBB2 and GATA4 genes, whereas GATA4-targeted small interfering RNA repressed GATA4 and activated ERBB2 transcription. Transfected GATA4-expressing construct repressed ERBB2 promoter. Phylogenetic foot printing revealed multiple putative GATA4 binding sites conserved in mammals within the ERBB2 promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GATA4 binds specifically to several ERBB2 gene noncoding regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed GATA4 binding to a well-conserved consensus motif. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the role of this new regulatory element for the activity of the ERBB2 gene enhancer. In agreement with a repressor role of GATA4 on ERBB2 gene expression balanced by ERBB2 activation of the GATA4 gene, a negative correlation between the relative levels of ERBB2 and GATA4 mRNA was observed in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor samples. We propose that the negative feedback loop linking ERBB2 and GATA4 plays a role in the transcriptional dysregulation of ERBB2 gene expression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Hua
- Université de la Méditerranée, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Birnbaum D, Sircoulomb F, Imbert J. A reason why the ERBB2 gene is amplified and not mutated in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2009; 9:5. [PMID: 19226453 PMCID: PMC2649042 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTK) are frequent in human cancers. They can result from translocation, mutation or amplification. The ERBB2 RTK is encoded by a gene that is amplified in about 20% breast cancers. The question is: why is this RTK specifically subjected to this type of alteration? We propose that ERBB2 gene amplification is used to overcome repression of its expression by sequence-specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR891 Inserm and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France.
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24
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Benoukraf T, Cauchy P, Fenouil R, Jeanniard A, Koch F, Jaeger S, Thieffry D, Imbert J, Andrau JC, Spicuglia S, Ferrier P. CoCAS: a ChIP-on-chip analysis suite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 25:954-5. [PMID: 19193731 PMCID: PMC2660873 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motivation: High-density tiling microarrays are increasingly used in combination with ChIP assays to study transcriptional regulation. To ease the analysis of the large amounts of data generated by this approach, we have developed ChIP-on-chip Analysis Suite (CoCAS), a standalone software suite which implements optimized ChIP-on-chip data normalization, improved peak detection, as well as quality control reports. Our software allows dye swap, replicate correlation and connects easily with genome browsers and other peak detection algorithms. CoCAS can readily be used on the latest generation of Agilent high-density arrays. Also, the implemented peak detection methods are suitable for other datasets, including ChIP-Seq output. Availability: The software is available for download along with a sample dataset at http://www.ciml.univ-mrs.fr/software/ferrier.htm. Contact:ferrier@ciml.univ-mrs.fr; andrau@ciml.univ-mrs.fr; spicuglia@ciml.univ-mrs.fr Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touati Benoukraf
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, UMR6102, Inserm, U631, Université de la Méditerranée and Inserm, U928, TAGC, Marseille, France
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25
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Lopez F, Textoris J, Bergon A, Didier G, Remy E, Granjeaud S, Imbert J, Nguyen C, Puthier D. TranscriptomeBrowser: a powerful and flexible toolbox to explore productively the transcriptional landscape of the Gene Expression Omnibus database. PLoS One 2008; 3:e4001. [PMID: 19104654 PMCID: PMC2602602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As public microarray repositories are constantly growing, we are facing the challenge of designing strategies to provide productive access to the available data. Methodology We used a modified version of the Markov clustering algorithm to systematically extract clusters of co-regulated genes from hundreds of microarray datasets stored in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (n = 1,484). This approach led to the definition of 18,250 transcriptional signatures (TS) that were tested for functional enrichment using the DAVID knowledgebase. Over-representation of functional terms was found in a large proportion of these TS (84%). We developed a JAVA application, TBrowser that comes with an open plug-in architecture and whose interface implements a highly sophisticated search engine supporting several Boolean operators (http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/tbrowser/). User can search and analyze TS containing a list of identifiers (gene symbols or AffyIDs) or associated with a set of functional terms. Conclusions/Significance As proof of principle, TBrowser was used to define breast cancer cell specific genes and to detect chromosomal abnormalities in tumors. Finally, taking advantage of our large collection of transcriptional signatures, we constructed a comprehensive map that summarizes gene-gene co-regulations observed through all the experiments performed on HGU133A Affymetrix platform. We provide evidences that this map can extend our knowledge of cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Lopez
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, hôpital Nord - Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Bergon
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Didier
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Luminy, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Remy
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Luminy, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Inserm U928, TAGC, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
- ESIL, Université de Provence et de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Walzer T, Bléry M, Chaix J, Fuseri N, Chasson L, Robbins SH, Jaeger S, André P, Gauthier L, Daniel L, Chemin K, Morel Y, Dalod M, Imbert J, Pierres M, Moretta A, Romagné F, Vivier E. Identification, activation, and selective in vivo ablation of mouse NK cells via NKp46. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3384-9. [PMID: 17360655 PMCID: PMC1805551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609692104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to a variety of innate immune responses to viruses, tumors and allogeneic cells. However, our understanding of NK cell biology is severely limited by the lack of consensus phenotypic definition of these cells across species, by the lack of specific marker to visualize them in situ, and by the lack of a genetic model where NK cells may be selectively ablated. NKp46/CD335 is an Ig-like superfamily cell surface receptor involved in human NK cell activation. In addition to human, we show here that NKp46 is expressed by NK cells in all mouse strains analyzed, as well as in three common monkey species, prompting a unifying phenotypic definition of NK cells across species based on NKp46 cell surface expression. Mouse NKp46 triggers NK cell effector function and allows the detection of NK cells in situ. NKp46 expression parallels cell engagement into NK differentiation programs because it is detected on all NK cells from the immature CD122(+)NK1.1(+)DX5(-) stage and on a minute fraction of NK-like T cells, but not on CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Moreover, human NKp46 promoter drives NK cell selective expression both in vitro and in vivo. Using NKp46 promoter, we generated transgenic mice expressing EGFP and the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor in NK cells. DT injection in these mice leads to a complete and selective NK cell ablation. This model paves a way for the in vivo characterization and preclinical assessment of NK cell biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Walzer
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Julie Chaix
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Lionel Chasson
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Scott H. Robbins
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Jaeger
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Daniel
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Marc Dalod
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Imbert
- **Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 599, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Pierres
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, and Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16000 Genova, Italy; and
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- *Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 631, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
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Vicart A, Lefebvre T, Imbert J, Fernandez A, Kahn-Perlès B. Increased chromatin association of Sp1 in interphase cells by PP2A-mediated dephosphorylations. J Mol Biol 2006; 364:897-908. [PMID: 17049555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sp1 dephosphorylation by phosphatase 2A is related to sustained cellular proliferation and is illustrated by an enhanced electrophoretic migration shift. This event occurs concurrently with cell-cycle interphase and increases Sp1 transcriptional activity and in vitro affinity for DNA. We show here that dephosphorylated Sp1 is associated with chromatin more tightly than its phosphorylated counterparts from either resting or mitotic cells. Analysis of the expression of Sp1 point mutants and use of a phospho-specific antibody enabled identification of serine 59 as a major target of PP2A during cell-cycle interphase. Importantly, serine 59 dephosphorylation appeared to up-regulate Sp1 association with chromatin. Various studies suggested that this might occur through the control of the reciprocal O-phosphate/O-GlcNAc modification of other residues, some of which are likely to belong to the Sp1 C-terminal DNA-binding domain. In addition, we demonstrated by phosphopeptide mapping that threonine 681, which belongs to the latter region, is another target of PP2A, yet unrelated to serine 59. We propose that the coordinated dephosphorylation of several Sp1 residues, a general feature of dividing cells, is a required post-translational mechanism for Sp1-dependent transcription of genes related to cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Vicart
- INSERM, UMR 599, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, F-13009, France
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28
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Abstract
Interleukin-2 was discovered in 1976 as a T-cell growth factor. It was the first type I cytokine cloned and the first for which a receptor component was cloned. Its importance includes its multiple actions, therapeutic potential, and lessons for receptor biology, with three components differentially combining to form high, intermediate, and low-affinity receptors. IL-2Ralpha and IL-2Rbeta, respectively, are markers for double-negative thymocytes and regulatory T-cells versus memory cells. gamma(c), which is shared by six cytokines, is mutated in patients with X-linked severe-combined immunodeficiency. We now cover an under-reviewed area-the regulation of genes encoding IL-2 and IL-2R components, with an effort to integrate/explain this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Pyo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, United States.
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29
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Grange T, Imbert J, Thieffry D. Epigenomics: large scale analysis of chromatin modifications and transcription factors/genome interactions. Bioessays 2005; 27:1203-5. [PMID: 16237667 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Grange
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-Universités de PARIS 6 et 7, Paris, France
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30
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Nervi S, Guinamard R, Delaval B, Lécine P, Vialettes B, Naquet P, Imbert J. A rare mRNA variant of the human lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase LCK gene with intron B retention and exon 7 skipping encodes a putative protein with altered SH3-dependent molecular interactions. Gene 2005; 359:18-25. [PMID: 16107303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A rare mRNA variant of the human lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase LCK gene that retains intron B and excludes exon 7 (B+7-) due to alternative splicing of the canonical LCK transcripts was identified and characterized. LCK B+7- mRNA is detected in all tested peripheral blood T lymphocytes total RNA samples but is apparently sequestered in the nucleus. The presence of intron B sequence does not disrupt the reading frame and results in the insertion of 58 aminoacids, containing a proline-rich region just upstream of p56lck SH3 domain. This putative isoform encodes an unstable 516 aminoacids protein (LckB+7-) which can be expressed in transfected COS-7 cells. Furthermore in Jurkat T cell extracts, a recombinant intron B plus SH3 p56lck domain fails to interact with some TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylated polypeptides and known p56lck partners such as Sam68 and c-Cbl. The biological function of this rare messenger remains to be elucidated.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- COS Cells
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- src Homology Domains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Nervi
- Institut de Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR599 INSERM-Institut Paoli-Calmettes-Université de la Méditerranée, 27 boulevard Leï Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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31
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Moreau T, Bardin F, Imbert J, Chabannon C, Tonnelle C. Restriction of transgene expression to the B-lymphoid progeny of human lentivirally transduced CD34+ cells. Mol Ther 2005; 10:45-56. [PMID: 15233941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of gene transfer strategies will necessitate improved efficiency and control of transduction and transgene expression. We here provide evidence that targeting expression of the GFP reporter gene to the B-lymphoid progeny of genetically modified human hematopoietic progenitor cells can be achieved through the insertion of regulatory sequences from the human CD19 gene promoter into a lentiviral vector. Based on a bioinformatics approach, three human CD19-derived sequences were designed and inserted into a self-inactivated lentiviral vector backbone upstream of the GFP gene: S.CD19 (230 bp), M.CD19 (464 bp), and L.CD19 (1274 bp). These new lentiviral vectors efficiently transduced cord blood CD34(+) cells. The M.CD19 and especially L.CD19 sequences preferentially targeted GFP expression to in vitro and in vivo differentiated CD19(+) progeny; moreover, transgene expression was detected from the CD34(+) pro/pre-B cell to the mature peripheral IgM(+) B cell stage. In contrast, GFP expression was weak or absent in primary T-lymphoid and uncommitted progenitor cells or in erythroid, natural killer, or myeloid differentiated cells. Such B-lineage-specific lentiviral vectors may be useful for correcting inherited disorders that affect B-lymphoid cells or for deciphering the transcriptional program that controls B cell commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moreau
- Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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32
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Berruyer C, Martin FM, Castellano R, Macone A, Malergue F, Garrido-Urbani S, Millet V, Imbert J, Duprè S, Pitari G, Naquet P, Galland F. Vanin-1-/- mice exhibit a glutathione-mediated tissue resistance to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:7214-24. [PMID: 15282320 PMCID: PMC479710 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.16.7214-7224.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanin-1 is an epithelial ectoenzyme with pantetheinase activity and generating the amino-thiol cysteamine through the metabolism of pantothenic acid (vitamin B(5)). Here we show that Vanin-1(-/-) mice, which lack cysteamine in tissues, exhibit resistance to oxidative injury induced by whole-body gamma-irradiation or paraquat. This protection is correlated with reduced apoptosis and inflammation and is reversed by treating mutant animals with cystamine. The better tolerance of the Vanin-1(-/-) mice is associated with an enhanced gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in liver, probably due to the absence of cysteamine and leading to elevated stores of glutathione (GSH), the most potent cellular antioxidant. Consequently, Vanin-1(-/-) mice maintain a more reducing environment in tissue after exposure to irradiation. In normal mice, we found a stress-induced biphasic expression of Vanin-1 regulated via antioxidant response elements in its promoter region. This process should finely tune the redox environment and thus change an early inflammatory process into a late tissue repair process. We propose Vanin-1 as a key molecule to regulate the GSH-dependent response to oxidative injury in tissue at the epithelial level. Therefore, Vanin/pantetheinase inhibitors could be useful for treatment of damage due to irradiation and pro-oxidant inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berruyer
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy CNRS-INSERM-Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille, France
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33
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Nervi S, Nicodeme S, Gartioux C, Atlan C, Lathrop M, Reviron D, Naquet P, Matsuda F, Imbert J, Vialettes B. No association between lck gene polymorphisms and protein level in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 51:3326-30. [PMID: 12401726 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.51.11.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously described a reduced expression of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck in T-cells from type 1 diabetic patients, the origin of which is still unknown. The human lck gene, located on chromosome 1p35-34.3, was evaluated as a candidate susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes. A molecular scan of the sequence variations in the coding, the relevant promoter, and most of the intronic sequences of the lck gene (representing a total of 10.5 kb fragment) was performed in 187 Caucasian subjects including 91 type 1 diabetic patients and 96 normoglycemic control subjects. We identified 35 sequence variations, including one deletion and 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 33 of them being new. Four variants were frequent but not significantly associated with diabetes or Lck protein level. Of the SNP variants, 11 were only found within the diabetic population and some were associated with low Lck protein levels. The low frequency of these polymorphisms did not permit any statistically significant correlations with the disease status, suggesting that the lck gene probably does not contribute to genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Nervi
- Université de la Méditerranée, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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34
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Valéro R, Baron ML, Guérin S, Béliard S, Lelouard H, Kahn-Perles B, Vialettes B, Nguyen C, Imbert J, Naquet P. A defective NF-kappa B/RelB pathway in autoimmune-prone New Zealand black mice is associated with inefficient expansion of thymocyte and dendritic cells. J Immunol 2002; 169:185-92. [PMID: 12077244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New Zeland Black (NZB) mice develop an autoimmune disease involving an abnormal B cell response to peripheral self Ags. This disease is associated with defects in other cell types and thymic stromal organization. We present evidence that NZB cells of various lineages, including thymocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic precursor cells, show impaired proliferation and enhanced cell death in culture upon stimulation compared with non-autoimmune-prone mice such as C57BL/6. This phenotype explains the reduced efficiency of maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and the loss of TNF- or IL-1-dependent thymocyte costimulation. Upon TNF-induced activation of NZB thymocytes, nuclear translocation and DNA binding of RelA- and RelB-dependent NF-kappaB heterodimers are significantly reduced. This phenotype has a transcriptional signature, since the NZB, but not the nonobese diabetic, thymic transcriptome shows striking similarities with that of RelB-deficient thymuses. This partial NF-kappaB deficiency detected upon activation by proinflammatory cytokines could explain the disorganization of thymic microenvironments in NZB mice. These combined effects might reduce the efficiency of central tolerance and expose apoptotic debris generated during inflammatory processes to self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Valéro
- Center d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 57, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Méditerranée, Marseilles, France
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35
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Yeh JH, Spicuglia S, Kumar S, Sanchez-Sevilla A, Ferrier P, Imbert J. Control of IL-2Ralpha gene expression: structural changes within the proximal enhancer/core promoter during T-cell development. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:1944-51. [PMID: 11972331 PMCID: PMC113837 DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.9.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During T-cell development in thymus, CD25, the IL-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2Ralpha) is already expressed in early double-negative (DN) thymocytes where commitment to T-cell lineage has been established, but subsequently IL-2Ralpha is dramatically down-regulated for the remainder of T-cell development. The loss of IL-2Ralpha expression after expression of the pre-TCR alpha:beta complex on the cell surface is essential for the later specific responses of mature T cells. Using appropriate mouse models and DMS genomic footprinting, we showed that the TATA box in the core promoter region of the murine IL-2Ralpha locus was occupied only in DN CD25+ T cells. Further, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we evidenced that down-regulation of IL-2Ralpha transcription correlated with (i) loss of the basal transcriptional machinery; (ii) dissociation of histone acetylase p300 and BRG1, a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF; and (iii) histone N-termini dephosphorylation plus deacetylation. In contrast, occupancy of the proximal enhancer region (positive regulatory region I) was not detected by in vivo genomic footprinting though constitutive accessibility of the promoter region for DNase I digestion both in the DN and double-positive stages correlated with the constitutive association of CBP and PCAF to the IL-2Ralpha core promoter. These results exemplify one mechanism by which a promoter enables transcription to switch on and off during T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hua Yeh
- INSERM U119-IFR57, 27 boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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36
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Abstract
We have followed Sp1 expression in primary human T lymphocytes induced, via CD2 plus CD28 costimulation, to sustained proliferation and subsequent return to quiescence. Binding of Sp1 to wheat germ agglutinin lectin was not modified following activation, indicating that the overall glycosylation of the protein was unchanged. Sp1 underwent, instead, a major dephosphorylation that correlated with cyclin A expression and, thus, with cell cycle progression. A similar change was observed in T cells that re-entered cell cycle following secondary interleukin-2 stimulation, as well as in serum-induced proliferating NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) appears involved because 1) treatment of dividing cells with okadaic acid or cantharidin inhibited Sp1 dephosphorylation and 2) PP2A dephosphorylated Sp1 in vitro and strongly interacted with Sp1 in vivo. Sp1 dephosphorylation is likely to increase its transcriptional activity because PP2A overexpression potentiated Sp1 site-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in dividing Kit225 T cells and okadaic acid reversed this effect. This increase might be mediated by a stronger affinity of dephosphorylated Sp1 for DNA, as illustrated by the reduced DNA occupancy by hyperphosphorylated Sp factors from cantharidin- or nocodazole-treated cells. Finally, Sp1 dephosphorylation appears to occur throughout cell cycle except for mitosis, a likely common feature to all cycling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lacroix
- Unité de Cancérologie Expérimentale, U119 INSERM, 27 boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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37
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Imbert J. [Not Available]. Bull Soc Fr Hist Hop 2001:3-4. [PMID: 11637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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38
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Imbert J. [Five centuries of hospital pharmacy in France]. Rev Hist Pharm (Paris) 2001; 44:109-12. [PMID: 11618606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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39
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Imbert J. [Not Available]. Bull Soc Fr Hist Hop 2001:3-5. [PMID: 11629734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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40
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Imbert J. [Five centuries of hospital pharmacy]. Bull Soc Fr Hist Hop 2001:31-4. [PMID: 11625880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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41
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Gutton JP, Imbert J. [Not Available]. Bull Soc Fr Hist Hop 2001:3-37. [PMID: 11638131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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42
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Imbert J. [Not Available]. Rev Trav Acad Sci Morales Polit C R Seances 2001; 131:675-89. [PMID: 11637008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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43
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Imbert J. [Not Available]. Bull Soc Hist Protestant Fr 2001; 131:173-87. [PMID: 11634736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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44
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Yeh JH, Lecine P, Nunes JA, Spicuglia S, Ferrier P, Olive D, Imbert J. Novel CD28-responsive enhancer activated by CREB/ATF and AP-1 families in the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain locus. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4515-27. [PMID: 11416131 PMCID: PMC87111 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.14.4515-4527.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2000] [Accepted: 04/16/2001] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with its receptor (IL-2R) critically regulates the T-cell immune response, and the alpha chain CD25/IL-2Ralpha is required for the formation of the high-affinity receptor. Tissue-specific, inducible expression of the IL-2Ralpha gene is regulated by at least three positive regulatory regions (PRRI, PRRII, and PRRIII), but none responded to CD28 engagement in gene reporter assays although CD28 costimulation strongly amplifies IL-2Ralpha gene transcription. By DNase I hypersensitivity analysis, we have identified a novel TCR-CD3- and CD28-responsive enhancer (CD28rE) located 8.5 kb 5' of the IL-2Ralpha gene. PRRIV/CD28rE contains a functional CRE/TRE element required for CD28 signaling. The T-cell-specific, CD28-responsive expression of the IL-2Ralpha gene appears controlled through PRRIV/CD28rE by cooperation of CREB/ATF and AP-1 family transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yeh
- INSERM U119-IFR57, 13009 Marseilles, France
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45
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Audinot V, Beauverger P, Lahaye C, Suply T, Rodriguez M, Ouvry C, Lamamy V, Imbert J, Rique H, Nahon JL, Galizzi JP, Canet E, Levens N, Fauchere JL, Boutin JA. Structure-activity relationship studies of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-related peptide ligands at SLC-1, the human MCH receptor. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13554-62. [PMID: 11278733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010727200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic nonadecapeptide involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, which acts through a G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1) inhibiting adenylcyclase activity. In this study, 57 analogues of MCH were investigated on the recently cloned human MCH receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells, on both the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production and guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thiotriphosphate ([(35)S]- GTPgammaS) binding. The dodecapeptide MCH-(6-17) (MCH ring between Cys(7) and Cys(16), with a single extra amino acid at the N terminus (Arg(6)) and at the C terminus (Trp(17))) was found to be the minimal sequence required for a full and potent agonistic response on cAMP formation and [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding. We Ala-scanned this dodecapeptide and found that only 3 of 8 amino acids of the ring, namely Met(8), Arg(11), and Tyr(13), were essential to elicit full and potent responses in both tests. Deletions inside the ring led either to inactivity or to poor antagonists with potencies in the micromolar range. Cys(7) and Cys(16) were substituted by Asp and Lys or one of their analogues, in an attempt to replace the disulfide bridge by an amide bond. However, those modifications were deleterious for agonistic activity. In [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding, these compounds behaved as weak antagonists (K(B) 1-4 microm). Finally, substitution in MCH-(6-17) of 6 out of 12 amino acids by non-natural residues and concomitant replacement of the disulfide bond by an amide bond led to three compounds with potent antagonistic properties (K(B) = 0.1-0.2 microm). Exploitation of these structure-activity relationships should open the way to the design of short and stable MCH peptide antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Audinot
- Division de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290-Croissy sur Seine, France
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46
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Nervi S, Atlan-Gepner C, Kahn-Perles B, Lecine P, Vialettes B, Imbert J, Naquet P. Specific deficiency of p56lck expression in T lymphocytes from type 1 diabetic patients. J Immunol 2000; 165:5874-83. [PMID: 11067948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T lymphocyte activation in response to TCR/CD3 stimulation is reduced in type 1 diabetic patients. To explore the basis of this deficiency, a comprehensive analysis of the signal transduction pathway downstream of the TCR/CD3 complex was performed for a cohort of patients (n = 38). The main result of the study shows that T cell hyporesponsiveness is positively correlated with a reduced amount of p56(lck) in resting T lymphocytes. Upon CD3-mediated activation, this defect leads to a hypophosphorylation of the CD3zeta-chain and few other polypeptides without affecting the recruitment of ZAP70. Other downstream effectors of the TCR/CD3 transduction machinery, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha, p59(fyn), linker for activation of T cells (LAT), and phospholipase C-gamma1, are not affected. In some patients, the severity of this phenotypic deficit could be linked to low levels of p56(lck) mRNA and resulted in the failure to efficiently induce the expression of the CD69 early activation marker. We propose that a primary deficiency in human type 1 diabetes is a defect in TCR/CD3-mediated T cell activation due to the abnormal expression of the p56(lck) tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nervi
- UPRES-EA2193, Institut Fédiratif de Recherche 35, Physiopathologie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle, Université de la Méditerranée, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Marseille, France
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47
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Spicuglia S, Payet D, Tripathi RK, Rameil P, Verthuy C, Imbert J, Ferrier P, Hempel WM. TCRalpha enhancer activation occurs via a conformational change of a pre-assembled nucleo-protein complex. EMBO J 2000; 19:2034-45. [PMID: 10790370 PMCID: PMC305700 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.9.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TCR alpha enhancer (Ealpha) has served as a paradigm for studying how enhancers organize trans-activators into nucleo-protein complexes thought to recruit and synergistically stimulate the transcriptional machinery. Little is known, however, of either the extent or dynamics of Ealpha occupancy by nuclear factors during T cell development. Using dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in vivo footprinting, we demonstrate extensive Ealpha occupancy, encompassing both previously identified and novel sites, not only in T cells representing a developmental stage where Ealpha is known to be active (CD4(+)CD8(+)-DP cells), but surprisingly, also in cells at an earlier developmental stage where Ealpha is not active (CD4(-)CD8(-)-DN cells). Partial occupancy was also established in B-lymphoid but not non-lymphoid cells. In vivo DNase I footprinting, however, implied developmentally induced changes in nucleo-protein complex topography. Stage-specific differences in factor composition at Ealpha sequences were also suggested by EMSA analysis. These results, which indicate that alterations in the structure of a pre-assembled nucleo-protein complex correlate with the onset of Ealpha activity, may exemplify one mechanism by which enhancers can rapidly respond to incoming stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spicuglia
- Centre d'Immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille-Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille and INSERM U119, 27 boulevard Leï Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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Rameil P, Lécine P, Ghysdael J, Gouilleux F, Kahn-Perlès B, Imbert J. IL-2 and long-term T cell activation induce physical and functional interaction between STAT5 and ETS transcription factors in human T cells. Oncogene 2000; 19:2086-97. [PMID: 10815800 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Stat5 by many cytokines implies that it cannot alone insure the specificity of the regulation of its target genes. We have evidenced a physical and functional interaction between members of two unrelated transcription factor families, Ets-1, Ets-2 and Stat5, which could contribute to the proliferative response to interleukin 2. Competition with GAS- and EBS-specific oligonucleotides and immunoassays with a set of anti-Stat and anti-Ets families revealed that the IL-2-induced Stat5-Ets complex recognizes several GAS motifs identified as target sites for activated Stat5 dimers. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments evidenced that a Stat5/Ets-1/2 complex is formed in vivo in absence of DNA. GST-pull down experiments demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of Ets-1 is sufficient for this interaction in vitro. Cotransfection experiments in Kit225 T cells resulted in cooperative transcriptional activity between both transcription factors in response to a combination of IL-2, PMA and ionomycin. A Stat5-Ets protein complex was the major inducible DNA-binding complex bound to the human IL-2rE GASd/EBSd motif in long-term proliferating normal human T cells activated by CD2 and CD28. These results suggest that the inducible Stat5-Ets protein interaction plays a role in the regulation of gene expression in response to IL-2 in human T lymphocytes.
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Abstract
The LYL1 gene was first identified upon the molecular characterization of the t(7;9)(q35;p13) translocation associated with some human T-cell acute leukemias (T-ALLs). In adult tissues, LYL1 expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells with the notable exclusion of the T cell lineage. LYL1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein highly related to TAL-1, whose activation is also associated with a high proportion of human T-ALLs. A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify proteins that specifically interact with LYL1 and might mediate its activities. We found that p105, the precursor of NF-kappaB1 p50, was the major LYL1-interacting protein in this system. The association between LYL1 and p105 was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells. Biochemical studies indicated that the interaction was mediated by the bHLH motif of LYL1 and the ankyrin-like motifs of p105. Ectopic expression of LYL1 in a human T cell line caused a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, associated with a reduced level of NF-kappaB1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferrier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
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Félétou M, Rodriguez M, Beauverger P, Germain M, Imbert J, Dromaint S, Macia C, Bourrienne A, Henlin JM, Nicolas JP, Boutin JA, Galizzi JP, Fauchère JL, Canet E, Duhault J. NPY receptor subtypes involved in the contraction of the proximal colon of the rat. Regul Pept 1998; 75-76:221-9. [PMID: 9802413 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were designed to determine the receptor subtype(s) involved in the contraction of the rat proximal colon to NPY. In this tissue, mRNA of Y2 and Y4 NPY receptor subtypes were highly expressed, whereas Y5 mRNA levels were very low and Y1 mRNA levels were intermediate. NPY analogues induced contractions with the following order of potency: rPP > hPP = PYY = NPY = [Leu31,Pro34]NPY > NPY(2-36) = [D-Trp32]NPY > NPY(33-36). Responses to NPY, PYY and NPY(13-36) were not or partially affected by tetrodotoxin, in contrast to the responses to [Leu31,Pro34]NPY, rPP, hPP and [D-Trp32]NPY which were fully blocked. Atropine did not inhibit the contractions to NPY, PYY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY but significantly affected those to NPY(13-36), [D-Trp32]NPY, rPP and hPP. The specific Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 was ineffective but JCF 104 and JCF 105 (two compounds with preferential affinity toward the hY5 receptor versus the hY1 or hY2 receptor) abolished the contractions provoked by the NPY analogues. These results suggest that NPY activates three receptor subtypes, a Y2 subtype possibly by a direct action on the smooth muscle cells, as well as a Y4 and a Y5 (or 'Y5-like') subtype which, respectively, release acetylcholine and an unknown neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Félétou
- Département de Diabétologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
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