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Fu Y, Christov PP, Kingsley PJ, Richie-Jannetta RM, Marnett LJ, Stone MP. Base-Displaced Intercalated Structure of the 3-(2-Deoxy-β-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2- f]purine-6,10(3 H,5 H)-dione (6-oxo-M 1dG) Lesion in DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1947-1960. [PMID: 37989274 PMCID: PMC10731638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) DNA lesion arises from endogenous exposures to base propenals generated by oxidative damage and from exposures to malondialdehyde (MDA), produced by lipid peroxidation. Once formed, M1dG may oxidize, in vivo, to 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-f]purine-6,10(3H,5H)-dione (6-oxo-M1dG). The latter blocks DNA replication and is a substrate for error-prone mutagenic bypass by the Y-family DNA polymerase hpol η. To examine structural consequences of 6-oxo-M1dG damage in DNA, we conducted NMR studies of 6-oxo-M1dG incorporated site-specifically into 5' -d(C1A2T3X4A5T6G7A8C9G10C11T12)-3':5'-d(A13G14C15G16T17C18A19T20C21A22T23G24)-3' (X = 6-oxo-M1dG). NMR spectra afforded detailed resonance assignments. Chemical shift analyses revealed that nucleobase C21, complementary to 6-oxo-M1dG, was deshielded compared with the unmodified duplex. Sequential NOEs between 6-oxo-M1dG and A5 were disrupted, as well as NOEs between T20 and C21 in the complementary strand. The structure of the 6-oxo-M1dG modified DNA duplex was refined by using molecular dynamics (rMD) calculations restrained by NOE data. It revealed that 6-oxo-M1dG intercalated into the duplex and remained in the anti-conformation about the glycosyl bond. The complementary cytosine C21 extruded into the major groove, accommodating the intercalated 6-oxo-M1dG. The 6-oxo-M1dG H7 and H8 protons faced toward the major groove, while the 6-oxo-M1dG imidazole proton H2 faced into the major groove. Structural perturbations to dsDNA were limited to the 6-oxo-M1dG damaged base pair and the flanking T3:A22 and A5:T20 base pairs. Both neighboring base pairs remained within the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding contact. The 6-oxo-M1dG did not stack well with the 5'-neighboring base pair T3:A22 but showed improved stacking with the 3'-neighboring base pair A5:T20. Overall, the base-displaced intercalated structure was consistent with thermal destabilization of the 6-oxo-M1dG damaged DNA duplex; thermal melting temperature data showed a 15 °C decrease in Tm compared to the unmodified duplex. The structural consequences of 6-oxo-M1dG formation in DNA are evaluated in the context of the chemical biology of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Fu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Plamen P. Christov
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Philip J. Kingsley
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Robyn M. Richie-Jannetta
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Michael P. Stone
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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2
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Francis DV, Jayakumar MN, Ahmad H, Gokhale T. Antimicrobial Activity of Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Synergistic Effect on Clinical Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9998. [PMID: 37373146 PMCID: PMC10298676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistance is currently a grave issue; hence, novel antimicrobial agents are being explored and developed to address infections resulting from multiple drug-resistant pathogens. Biogenic CuO, ZnO, and WO3 nanoparticles can be considered as such agents. Clinical isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans from oral and vaginal samples were treated with single and combination metal nanoparticles incubated under dark and light conditions to understand the synergistic effect of the nanoparticles and their photocatalytic antimicrobial activity. Biogenic CuO and ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial effects under dark incubation which did not alter on photoactivation. However, photoactivated WO3 nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of viable cells by 75% for all the test organisms, thus proving to be a promising antimicrobial agent. Combinations of CuO, ZnO, and WO3 nanoparticles demonstrated synergistic action as a significant increase in their antimicrobial property (>90%) was observed compared to the action of single elemental nanoparticles. The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of metal nanoparticles both in combination and in isolation was assessed with respect to lipid peroxidation due to ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and the damage to cell integrity using live/dead staining and quantitating with the use of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Vilma Francis
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai P.O. Box 345055, United Arab Emirates; (D.V.F.); (M.N.J.)
| | - Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai P.O. Box 345055, United Arab Emirates; (D.V.F.); (M.N.J.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hafiz Ahmad
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates;
- Adjunct Clinical Microbiologist and Head of Molecular Division, RAK Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates
| | - Trupti Gokhale
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai P.O. Box 345055, United Arab Emirates; (D.V.F.); (M.N.J.)
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Cho E, Allemang A, Audebert M, Chauhan V, Dertinger S, Hendriks G, Luijten M, Marchetti F, Minocherhomji S, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Trenz K, Yauk CL. AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for oxidative DNA damage leading to mutations and chromosomal aberrations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:118-134. [PMID: 35315142 PMCID: PMC9322445 DOI: 10.1002/em.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) is developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that describe modes of action leading to potentially heritable genomic damage. The goal was to enhance the use of mechanistic information in genotoxicity assessment by building empirical support for the relationships between relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and regulatory endpoints in genetic toxicology. Herein, we present an AOP network that links oxidative DNA damage to two adverse outcomes (AOs): mutations and chromosomal aberrations. We collected empirical evidence from the literature to evaluate the key event relationships between the MIE and the AOs, and assessed the weight of evidence using the modified Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. Oxidative DNA damage is constantly induced and repaired in cells given the ubiquitous presence of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, xenobiotic exposures may increase damage above baseline levels through a variety of mechanisms and overwhelm DNA repair and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Unrepaired oxidative DNA base damage can lead to base substitutions during replication and, along with repair intermediates, can also cause DNA strand breaks that can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations if not repaired adequately. This AOP network identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled by targeted studies designed to better define the quantitative relationships between key events, which could be leveraged for quantitative chemical safety assessment. We anticipate that this AOP network will provide the building blocks for additional genotoxicity-associated AOPs and aid in designing novel integrated testing approaches for genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunnara Cho
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Ligation-Mediated Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine and 5-Hydroxycytosine at the Codon 176 of the p53 Gene of Hepatitis C-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186753. [PMID: 32942546 PMCID: PMC7555735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis are still unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and other oxidative lesions at codon 176 of the p53 gene, as well as the generation of 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG), in a cohort of HCV-related HCC patients from Italy. Detection of 8-oxodG and 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHC) was performed by ligation mediated-polymerase chain reaction assay, whereas the levels of M1dG were measured by chromatography and mass-spectrometry. Results indicated a significant 130% excess of 8-oxodG at –TGC– position of p53 codon 176 in HCV-HCC cases as compared to controls, after correction for age and gender, whereas a not significant increment of 5-OHC at –TGC– position was found. Then, regression models showed an 87% significant excess of M1dG in HCV-HCC cases relative to controls. Our study provides evidence that increased adduct binding does not occur randomly on the sequence of the p53 gene but at specific sequence context in HCV-HCC patients. By-products of lipid peroxidation could also yield a role in HCV-HCC development. Results emphasize the importance of active oxygen species in inducing nucleotide lesions at a p53 mutational hotspot in HCV-HCC patients living in geographical areas without dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1.
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Chen H, Krishnamachari S, Guo J, Yao L, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Turesky RJ. Quantitation of Lipid Peroxidation Product DNA Adducts in Human Prostate by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Method That Mitigates Artifacts. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1850-1862. [PMID: 31361128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation contribute to DNA damage of many organs, including the prostate. ROS cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, resulting in the formation of toxic and mutagenic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products covalently adduct to DNA and can lead to mutations. The levels of LPO DNA adducts reported in humans range widely. However, a large proportion of the DNA adducts may be attributed to artifact formation during the steps of isolation and nuclease digestion of DNA. We established a method that mitigates artifacts for most LPO adducts during the processing of DNA. We have applied this methodology to measure LPO DNA adducts in the genome of prostate cancer patients, employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap multistage mass spectrometry. Our preliminary data show that DNA adducts of acrolein, 6-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-OH-PdG) and 8-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-PdG) (4-20 adducts per 107 nucleotides) are more prominent than etheno (ε) adducts (<0.5 adducts per 108 nucleotides). This analytical methodology will be used to examine the correlation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and LPO adduct levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
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6
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Cellai F, Capacci F, Sgarrella C, Poli C, Arena L, Tofani L, Giese RW, Peluso M. A Cross-Sectional Study on 3-(2-Deoxy-β-D-Erythro-Pentafuranosyl)Pyrimido[1,2-α]Purin-10(3H)-One Deoxyguanosine Adducts among Woodworkers in Tuscany, Italy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112763. [PMID: 31195682 PMCID: PMC6600535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to wood dust has been estimated to affect 3.6 million workers within the European Union (EU). The most serious health effect caused by wood dust is the nasal and sinonasal cancer (SNC), which has been observed predominantly among woodworkers. Free radicals produced by inflammatory reactions as a consequence of wood dust could play a major role in SNC development. Therefore, we investigated the association between wood dust and oxidative DNA damage in the cells of nasal epithelia, the target site of SNC. We have analyzed oxidative DNA damage by determining the levels of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG), a major-peroxidation-derived DNA adduct and a biomarker of cancer risk in 136 woodworkers compared to 87 controls in Tuscany, Italy. We then examined the association of M1dG with co-exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exposure length, and urinary 15-F2t isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP), a biomarker of oxidant status. Wood dust at the workplace was estimated by the Information System for Recording Occupational Exposures to Carcinogens. M1dG was measured using 32P-postlabeling and mass spectrometry. 15-F2t-IsoP was analyzed using ELISA. Results show a significant excess of M1dG in the woodworkers exposed to average levels of 1.48 mg/m3 relative to the controls. The overall mean ratio (MR) between the woodworkers and the controls was 1.28 (95% C.I. 1.03-1.58). After stratification for smoking habits and occupational status (exposure to wood dust alone and co-exposure to VOCs), the association of M1dG with wood dust (alone) was even greater in non-smokers workers, MR of 1.43 (95% C.I. 1.09-1.87). Conversely, not consistent results were found in ex-smokers and current smokers. M1dG was significantly associated with co-exposure to VOCs, MR of 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.46-2.61), and occupational history, MR of 2.47 (95% C.I. 1.67-3.62). Next, the frequency of M1dG was significantly correlated to the urinary excretion of 15-F2t-IsoP, regression coefficient (β) = 0.442 ± 0.172 (SE). Consistent with the hypothesis of a genotoxic mechanism, we observed an enhanced frequency of M1dG adducts in woodworkers, even at the external levels below the regulatory limit. Our data implement the understanding of SNC and could be useful for the management of the adverse effects caused by this carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cellai
- Cancer Factor Risk Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabio Capacci
- Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Sgarrella
- Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Poli
- Department of Prevention, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luciano Arena
- Department of Prevention, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roger W Giese
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marco Peluso
- Cancer Factor Risk Branch, Regional Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy.
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7
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Wang H, Li X, Zhao G, Xu L, Wang S, Nie M, Hua C, Shang P, Pan L, Zhao J, Qiao L, Liu K, Hu K, Su J, Cai J, Xie F. Analysis of methyl DNA adducts and metabolites in BEAS-2B cells induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:499-510. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1611982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangtao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Nie
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lining Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial LLC, Nanchang, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial LLC, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Global Transcriptional Response to Organic Hydroperoxide and the Role of OhrR in the Control of Virulence Traits in Chromobacterium violaceum. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00017-17. [PMID: 28507067 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00017-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major pathway for the detoxification of organic hydroperoxides, such as cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), involves the MarR family transcriptional regulator OhrR and the peroxidase OhrA. However, the effect of these peroxides on the global transcriptome and the contribution of the OhrA/OhrR system to bacterial virulence remain poorly explored. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of Chromobacterium violaceum exposed to CHP and after the deletion of ohrR, and we show that OhrR controls the virulence of this human opportunistic pathogen. DNA microarray and Northern blot analyses of CHP-treated cells revealed the upregulation of genes related to the detoxification of peroxides (antioxidant enzymes and thiol-reducing systems), the degradation of the aromatic moiety of CHP (oxygenases), and protection against other secondary stresses (DNA repair, heat shock, iron limitation, and nitrogen starvation responses). Furthermore, we identified two upregulated genes (ohrA and a putative diguanylate cyclase with a GGDEF domain for cyclic di-GMP [c-di-GMP] synthesis) and three downregulated genes (hemolysin, chitinase, and collagenase) in the ohrR mutant by transcriptome analysis. Importantly, we show that OhrR directly repressed the expression of the putative diguanylate cyclase. Using a mouse infection model, we demonstrate that the ohrR mutant was attenuated for virulence and showed a decreased bacterial burden in the liver. Moreover, an ohrR-diguanylate cyclase double mutant displayed the same virulence as the wild-type strain. In conclusion, we have defined the transcriptional response to CHP, identified potential virulence factors such as diguanylate cyclase as members of the OhrR regulon, and shown that C. violaceum uses the transcriptional regulator OhrR to modulate its virulence.
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Magnetic Hyperthermia and Oxidative Damage to DNA of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050939. [PMID: 28468256 PMCID: PMC5454852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is addressing major urgent needs for cancer treatment. We conducted a study to compare the frequency of 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) adducts, biomarkers of oxidative stress and/or lipid peroxidation, on human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells exposed to increasing levels of Fe3O4-nanoparticles (NPs) versus untreated cells at different lengths of incubations, and in the presence of increasing exposures to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) of 186 kHz using 32P-postlabeling. The levels of oxidative damage tended to increase significantly after ≥24 h of incubations compared to controls. The oxidative DNA damage tended to reach a steady-state after treatment with 60 μg/mL of Fe3O4-NPs. Significant dose–response relationships were observed. A greater adduct production was observed after magnetic hyperthermia, with the highest amounts of oxidative lesions after 40 min exposure to AMF. The effects of magnetic hyperthermia were significantly increased with exposure and incubation times. Most important, the levels of oxidative lesions in AMF exposed NP treated cells were up to 20-fold greater relative to those observed in nonexposed NP treated cells. Generation of oxidative lesions may be a mechanism by which magnetic hyperthermia induces cancer cell death.
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10
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3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine adducts of workers exposed to asbestos fibers. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:1-7. [PMID: 28188891 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos is the commercial name for a group of silicate minerals naturally occurring in the environment and widely used in the industry. Asbestos exposure has been associated with pulmonary fibrosis, mesothelioma, and malignancies, which may appear after a period of latency of 20-40 years. Mechanisms involved in the carcinogenic effects of asbestos are still not fully elucidated, although the oxidative stress theory suggests that phagocytic cells produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species, due to their inability to digest asbestos fiber. We have conducted a mechanistic study to evaluate the association between 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and asbestos exposure in the peripheral blood of 327 subjects living in Tuscany and Liguria, Italy, stratified by occupational exposure to asbestos. Adduct frequency was significantly greater into exposed subjects with respect to the controls. M1dG per 108 normal nucleotides were 4.0±0.5 (SE) in 156 asbestos workers, employed in mechanic, naval, petrochemical, building industries, and in pottery and ceramic plants, versus a value of 2.3±0.1 (SE) in 171 controls (p<0.001). After stratification for occupational history, the effects persisted in 54 current asbestos workers, mainly employed in building renovation industry (2.9±0.3 (SE)), and in 102 former asbestos workers (4.5±0.7 (SE)), with p-values of 0.033, and <0.001, respectively. A significant effect of smoking on heavy smokers was found (p=0.005). Our study gives additional support to the oxidative stress theory, where M1dG may reflect an additional potential mechanism of asbestos-induced toxicity.
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11
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Lee Y, Klauser PC, Brandsen BM, Zhou C, Li X, Silverman SK. DNA-Catalyzed DNA Cleavage by a Radical Pathway with Well-Defined Products. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:255-261. [PMID: 27935689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unprecedented DNA-catalyzed DNA cleavage process in which a radical-based reaction pathway cleanly results in excision of most atoms of a specific guanosine nucleoside. Two new deoxyribozymes (DNA enzymes) were identified by in vitro selection from N40 or N100 random pools initially seeking amide bond hydrolysis, although they both cleave simple single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. Each deoxyribozyme generates both superoxide (O2-• or HOO•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and leads to the same set of products (3'-phosphoglycolate, 5'-phosphate, and base propenal) as formed by the natural product bleomycin, with product assignments by mass spectrometry and colorimetric assay. We infer the same mechanistic pathway, involving formation of the C4' radical of the guanosine nucleoside that is subsequently excised. Consistent with a radical pathway, glutathione fully suppresses catalysis. Conversely, adding either superoxide or H2O2 from the outset strongly enhances catalysis. The mechanism of generation and involvement of superoxide and H2O2 by the deoxyribozymes is not yet defined. The deoxyribozymes do not require redox-active metal ions and function with a combination of Zn2+ and Mg2+, although including Mn2+ increases the activity, and Mn2+ alone also supports catalysis. In contrast to all of these observations, unrelated DNA-catalyzed radical DNA cleavage reactions require redox-active metals and lead to mixtures of products. This study reports an intriguing example of a well-defined, DNA-catalyzed, radical reaction process that cleaves single-stranded DNA and requires only redox-inactive metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul C Klauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Benjamin M Brandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott K Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Bono R, Munnia A, Romanazzi V, Bellisario V, Cellai F, Peluso MEM. Formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of workers of a plastic laminate plant. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:752-760. [PMID: 30090386 PMCID: PMC6062010 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous volatile organic compound widely used for various industrial purposes. Formaldehyde was reclassified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence for a casual role for nasopharyngeal cancer. However, the mechanisms by which this compound causes nasopharyngeal cancer are not completely understood. Therefore, we have examined the formaldehyde-induced toxicity in the nasal epithelia of the workers of a plastic laminate plant in Bra, Cuneo, Piedmont region, North-Western Italy, hence in the target site for formaldehyde-related nasal carcinogenesis. We have conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the frequency of 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, in 50 male exposed workers and 45 male controls using 32P-DNA post-labeling. The personal levels of formaldehyde exposure were analysed by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The smoking status was estimated by measuring the concentrations of urinary cotinine by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. The air monitoring results showed that the exposure levels of formaldehyde were significantly greater for the plastic laminate plant workers, 211.4 ± 14.8 standard error (SE) μg m-3, than controls, 35.2 ± 3.4 (SE) μg m-3, P < 0.001. The levels of urinary cotinine were 1064 ± 118 ng ml-1 and 14.18 ± 2.5 ng ml-1 in smokers and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001. The M1dG adduct frequency per 108 normal nucleotides was significantly higher among the workers of the plastic laminate plant exposed to formaldehyde, 111.6 ± 14.3 (SE), compared to controls, 49.6 ± 3.4 (SE), P < 0.001. This significant association persisted also when personal dosimeters were used to measure the extent of indoor levels of formaldehyde exposure. No influences of smoking and age were observed across the study population. However, after categorization for occupational exposure, a significant effect was found in the controls, P = 0.018, where the levels of DNA damage were significantly correlated with the levels of urinary cotinine, regression coefficient (β) = 0.494 ± 0.000 (SE), P < 0.002. Our findings indicated that M1dG adducts constitute a potential mechanism of formaldehyde-induced toxicity. Persistent DNA damage contributes to the general decline of the physiological mechanisms designed to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch , Cancer Prevention Laboratory , ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute , Florence , Italy .
| | - Valeria Romanazzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Filippo Cellai
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch , Cancer Prevention Laboratory , ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute , Florence , Italy .
| | - Marco E M Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch , Cancer Prevention Laboratory , ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute , Florence , Italy .
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13
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Wauchope OR, Beavers WN, Galligan JJ, Mitchener MM, Kingsley PJ, Marnett LJ. Nuclear Oxidation of a Major Peroxidation DNA Adduct, M1dG, in the Genome. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2334-42. [PMID: 26469224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation results in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize cellular molecules including lipids and DNA. Our laboratory has shown that 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) is the most abundant DNA adduct formed from the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, or the DNA peroxidation product, base propenal. M1dG is mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells and is repaired via the nucleotide excision repair system. Here, we report that M1dG levels in intact DNA were increased from basal levels of 1 adduct per 10(8) nucleotides to 2 adducts per 10(6) nucleotides following adenine propenal treatment of RKO, HEK293, or HepG2 cells. We also found that M1dG in genomic DNA was oxidized in a time-dependent fashion to a single product, 6-oxo-M1dG (to ∼ 5 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides), and that this oxidation correlated with a decline in M1dG levels. Investigations in RAW264.7 macrophages indicate the presence of high basal levels of M1dG (1 adduct per 10(6) nucleotides) and the endogenous formation of 6-oxo-M1dG. This is the first report of the production of 6-oxo-M1dG in genomic DNA in intact cells, and it has significant implications for understanding the role of inflammation in DNA damage, mutagenesis, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrette R Wauchope
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - William N Beavers
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - James J Galligan
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Michelle M Mitchener
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of †Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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14
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Belenky P, Ye JD, Porter CBM, Cohen NR, Lobritz MA, Ferrante T, Jain S, Korry BJ, Schwarz EG, Walker GC, Collins JJ. Bactericidal Antibiotics Induce Toxic Metabolic Perturbations that Lead to Cellular Damage. Cell Rep 2015; 13:968-80. [PMID: 26565910 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how antibiotics impact bacterial metabolism may provide insight into their mechanisms of action and could lead to enhanced therapeutic methodologies. Here, we profiled the metabolome of Escherichia coli after treatment with three different classes of bactericidal antibiotics (?-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones). These treatments induced a similar set of metabolic changes after 30 min that then diverged into more distinct profiles at later time points. The most striking changes corresponded to elevated concentrations of central carbon metabolites, active breakdown of the nucleotide pool, reduced lipid levels, and evidence of an elevated redox state. We examined potential end-target consequences of these metabolic perturbations and found that antibiotic-treated cells exhibited cytotoxic changes indicative of oxidative stress, including higher levels of protein carbonylation, malondialdehyde adducts, nucleotide oxidation, and double-strand DNA breaks. This work shows that bactericidal antibiotics induce a complex set of metabolic changes that are correlated with the buildup of toxic metabolic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Belenky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, 36 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, 36 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadia R Cohen
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Lobritz
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Ferrante
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saloni Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, 36 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin J Korry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric G Schwarz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, 36 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Graham C Walker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Romero-Fernández MP, Ávalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Jiménez JL, Light ME, Palacios JC. Pseudo-cyclic structures of mono- and di-azaderivatives of malondialdehydes. Synthesis and conformational disentanglement by computational analyses. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:8997-9010. [PMID: 25286414 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and diaza-derivatives of malondialdehydes, namely 3-alkyl(aryl)amino-2-arylacroleins and 1,5-dialkyl(aryl)-3-arylvinamidines are open-chain systems in which extended electron delocalization and pseudoaromaticity can be envisaged. A set of diversely functionalized compounds has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic data and X-ray diffractometry. Quantum-chemical calculations were performed for all possible neutral tautomers and conformers in the gas phase and compared to those in polar solvents (CHCl3, DMSO, and EtOH) at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level. Tautomeric equilibria and conformational preferences can be rationalized in terms of structural factors, which can be roughly estimated as summation or subtractions of intramolecular interactions. As expected, a key role is played by intramolecular hydrogen bonds whose strength varies from the gas phase to polar ethanol. This issue also delves into the concept of resonance-assisted H-bond, where the donor and acceptor atoms are connected by a π-conjugated system. The most stable conformers (structures a and c) possess a high degree of pseudoaromaticity as inferred from HOMA indexes and other delocalization parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Romero-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, QUOREX Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias-UEX, Avda. de Elvas s/n, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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16
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Peluso MEM, Munnia A, Giese RW, Chellini E, Ceppi M, Capacci F. Oxidatively damaged DNA in the nasal epithelium of workers occupationally exposed to silica dust in Tuscany region, Italy. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:519-25. [PMID: 25771384 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic silica exposure has been associated to cancer and silicosis. Furthermore, the induction of oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species have been indicated to play a main role in the carcinogenicity of respirable silica. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and peroxidation of lipids, in the nasal epithelium of 135 silica-exposed workers, employed in pottery, ceramic and marble manufacturing plants as well as in a stone quarry, in respect to 118 controls living in Tuscany region, Italy. The M1dG generation was measured by the (32)P-postlabelling assay. Significant higher levels of M1dG adducts per 10(8) normal nucleotides were observed in the nasal epithelium of smokers, 77.9±9.8 (SE), and in those of former smokers, 80.7±9.7 (SE), as compared to non-smokers, 57.1±6.2 (SE), P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively. Significant increments of M1dG adducts were found in the nasal epithelium of workers that handle artificial marble conglomerates, 184±36.4 (SE), and in those of quarry workers, 120±34.7 (SE), with respect to controls, 50.6±2.7 (SE), P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively. Null increments were observed in association with the pottery and the ceramic factories. After stratification for different exposures, silica-exposed workers that were co-exposed to organic solvents, and welding and exhaust fumes have significantly higher M1dG levels, 90.4±13.4 (SE), P = 0.014 vs. CONTROL Our data suggested that silica exposure might be associated with genotoxicity in the nasal epithelial cells of silica-exposed workers that handle of artificial marble conglomerates and quarry workers. Importantly, we observed that co-exposures to other respiratory carcinogens may have contributed to enhance the burden of M1dG adducts in the nasal epithelium of silica-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E M Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratories, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via delle Oblate 4, Florence, Italy, IRCSS San Martino Hospital - National Cancer Research Institute, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy and Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, Via della Cupola 64, Florence, Italy
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention Laboratories, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, Florence, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via delle Oblate 4, Florence, Italy, IRCSS San Martino Hospital - National Cancer Research Institute, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy and Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, Via della Cupola 64, Florence, Italy
| | - Roger W Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the Bouve College of Health Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Chellini
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Via delle Oblate 4, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- IRCSS San Martino Hospital - National Cancer Research Institute, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy and
| | - Fabio Capacci
- Functional Unit for Prevention, Health and Safety in the Workplace, ASL10, Via della Cupola 64, Florence, Italy
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17
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Peluso MEM, Munnia A, Giese RW, Catelan D, Rocca S, Farigu S, Leoni A, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, Biggeri A. Exocyclic DNA adducts in sheep with skeletal fluorosis resident in the proximity of the Portoscuso-Portovesme industrial estate on Sardinia Island, Italy. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which fluoride produces its toxic effects are still not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E. M. Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch
- ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute
- Florence
- Italy
| | - Armelle Munnia
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch
- ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute
- Florence
- Italy
| | - Roger W. Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the Bouve College of Health Sciences
- Barnett Institute
- Northeastern University
- Boston, Massachusetts
- USA
| | - Dolores Catelan
- Department of Statistics “G. Parenti”
- University of Florence
- Florence
- Italy
- Biostatistic Unit
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Serafina Farigu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Antonio Leoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- IRCSS San Martino Hospital – National Cancer Research Institute
- Genoa
- Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- IRCSS San Martino Hospital – National Cancer Research Institute
- Genoa
- Italy
| | - Annibale Biggeri
- Department of Statistics “G. Parenti”
- University of Florence
- Florence
- Italy
- Biostatistic Unit
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18
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Shuck SC, Wauchope OR, Rose KL, Kingsley PJ, Rouzer CA, Shell SM, Sugitani N, Chazin WJ, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Boutaud O, Oates JA, Galligan JJ, Beavers WN, Marnett LJ. Protein modification by adenine propenal. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1732-42. [PMID: 25211669 PMCID: PMC4203390 DOI: 10.1021/tx500218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Base propenals are products of the
reaction of DNA with oxidants
such as peroxynitrite and bleomycin. The most reactive base propenal,
adenine propenal, is mutagenic in Escherichia coli and reacts with DNA to form covalent adducts; however, the reaction
of adenine propenal with protein has not yet been investigated. A
survey of the reaction of adenine propenal with amino acids revealed
that lysine and cysteine form adducts, whereas histidine and arginine
do not. Nε-Oxopropenyllysine, a
lysine–lysine cross-link, and S-oxopropenyl
cysteine are the major products. Comprehensive profiling of the reaction
of adenine propenal with human serum albumin and the DNA repair protein,
XPA, revealed that the only stable adduct is Nε-oxopropenyllysine. The most reactive sites for modification
in human albumin are K190 and K351. Three sites of modification of
XPA are in the DNA-binding domain, and two sites are subject to regulatory
acetylation. Modification by adenine propenal dramatically reduces
XPA’s ability to bind to a DNA substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Shuck
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, ∥Mass Spectrometry Research Center, ⊥Center in Molecular Toxicology, #Center for Structural Biology, ∇Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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19
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Xavier DJ, Takahashi P, Manoel-Caetano FS, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Donadi EA, Passos GA, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. One-week intervention period led to improvements in glycemic control and reduction in DNA damage levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 105:356-63. [PMID: 25043705 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which reduces cellular antioxidant defenses and induces several DNA lesions. We investigated the effects on DNA damage of a seven-day hospitalization period in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to achieve adequate blood glucose levels through dietary intervention and medication treatment, compared with non-diabetic individuals. METHODS DNA damage levels were evaluated by the alkaline comet assay (with modified and without conventional use of hOGG1 enzyme, which detects oxidized DNA bases) for 10 patients and 16 controls. Real time PCR array method was performed to analyze the transcriptional expression of a set of 84 genes implicated in antioxidant defense and response to oxidative stress in blood samples from T2DM patients (n=6) collected before and after the hospitalization period. RESULTS The seven-day period was sufficient to improve glycemic control and to significantly decrease (p<0.05) DNA damage levels in T2DM patients, although those levels were slightly higher than those in control subjects. We also found a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of oxidative DNA damage in T2DM patients after the hospitalization period. However, for all genes analyzed, a statistically significant difference in the transcriptional expression levels was not observed. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that although the transcriptional expression of the genes studied did not show significant alterations, one-week of glycemic control in hospital resulted in a significant reduction in DNA damage levels detected in T2DM patients, highlighting the importance of an adequate glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo J Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Manoel-Caetano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton C Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Disciplines of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Fu Y, Nath RG, Dyba M, Cruz IM, Pondicherry SR, Fernandez A, Schultz CL, Yang P, Pan J, Desai D, Krzeminski J, Amin S, Christov PP, Hara Y, Chung FL. In vivo detection of a novel endogenous etheno-DNA adduct derived from arachidonic acid and the effects of antioxidants on its formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:12-20. [PMID: 24816294 PMCID: PMC4114339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that 7-(1',2'-dihydroxyheptyl)-substituted etheno DNA adducts are products of reactions with the epoxide of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, an oxidation product of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this work, we report the detection of 7-(1',2'-dihydroxyheptyl)-1,N(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine (DHHedA) in rodent and human tissues by two independent methods: a (32)P-postlabeling/HPLC method and an isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method, demonstrating for the first time that DHHedA is a background DNA lesion in vivo. We showed that DHHedA can be formed upon incubation of arachidonic acid with deoxyadenosine, supporting the notion that ω-6 PUFAs are the endogenous source of DHHedA formation. Because cyclic adducts are derived from the oxidation of PUFAs, we subsequently examined the effects of antioxidants, α-lipoic acid, Polyphenon E, and vitamin E, on the formation of DHHedA and γ-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), a widely studied acrolein-derived adduct arising from oxidized PUFAs, in the livers of Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats. LEC rats are afflicted with elevated lipid peroxidation and prone to the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. The results showed that although the survival of LEC rats was increased significantly by α-lipoic acid, none of the antioxidants inhibited the formation of DHHedA, and only Polyphenon E decreased the formation of γ-OHPdG. In contrast, vitamin E caused a significant increase in the formation of both γ-OHPdG and DHHedA in the livers of LEC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Raghu G Nath
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Marcin Dyba
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Idalia M Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Sharanya R Pondicherry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Aileen Fernandez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Casey L Schultz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Jishen Pan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Plamen P Christov
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235
| | | | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057
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21
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Roginskaya M, Mohseni R, Moore TJ, Bernhard WA, Razskazovskiy Y. Identification of the C4′-Oxidized Abasic Site as the Most Abundant 2-Deoxyribose Lesion in Radiation-Damaged DNA Using a Novel HPLC-Based Approach. Radiat Res 2014; 181:131-7. [DOI: 10.1667/rr12993.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Roginskaya
- Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Reza Mohseni
- Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Terence J. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - William A. Bernhard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuriy Razskazovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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22
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Shuck SC, Rose KL, Marnett LJ. Mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of nucleoside-protein cross-links: application to oxopropenyl-deoxyadenosine. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 27:136-46. [PMID: 24359270 DOI: 10.1021/tx400384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic DNA adducts produced following oxidative stress can form DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs), dramatically altering genomic maintenance pathways. Complete characterization of DPCs has been hindered, in part, because of a lack of comprehensive techniques for their analysis. We have, therefore, established a proteomics approach to investigate sites of cross-link formation using N(6)-(3-oxo-1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (OPdA), an electrophilic DNA adduct produced from oxidative stress. OPdA was reacted with albumin and reduced with NaBH4 to stabilize DPCs. Using LC-MS/MS proteomics techniques, high-resolution peptide sequence data were obtained; however, using a database searching strategy, adducted peptides were only identified in samples subjected to chemical depurination. This strategy revealed multiple oxopropenyl adenine-lysine adducts and oxopropenyl-lysine adducts with the most reactive lysines identified to be Lys256 and Lys548. Manual interrogation of the mass spectral data provided evidence of OPdA deoxynucleoside conjugates to lysines and cross-links that underwent facile collision-induced dissociation to release an unmodified peptide without subsequent fragmentation. These fragmentations precluded adduct detection and peptide sequencing using database searching methods. Thus, comprehensive analysis of DPCs requires chemical depurination of DNA-protein reaction mixtures followed by a combination of database-dependent and manual interrogation of LC-MS/MS data using higher-energy collision-induced dissociation. In the present case, this approach revealed that OPdA selectively modifies surface lysine residues and produces nucleoside-protein cross-links and oxopropenyl lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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23
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Peluso MEM, Munnia A, Bollati V, Srivatanakul P, Jedpiyawongse A, Sangrajrang S, Ceppi M, Giese RW, Boffetta P, Baccarelli AA. Aberrant methylation of hypermethylated-in-cancer-1 and exocyclic DNA adducts in tobacco smokers. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:47-54. [PMID: 24154486 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke has been shown to produce both DNA damage and epigenetic alterations. However, the potential role of DNA damage in generating epigenetic changes is largely underinvestigated in human studies. We examined the effects of smoking on the levels of DNA methylation in genes for tumor protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor2A, hypermethylated-in-cancer-1 (HIC1), interleukin-6, Long Interspersed Nuclear Element type1, and Alu retrotransposons in blood of 177 residents in Thailand using bisulfite-PCR andpyrosequencing. Then, we analyzed the relationship of this methylation with the oxidative DNA adduct, M₁dG (a malondialdehyde adduct), measured by ³²P-postlabeling. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that HIC1 methylation levels were significantly increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers (p ≤ .05). A dose response was observed, with the highest HIC1 methylation levels in smokers of ≥ 10 cigarettes/day relative to nonsmokers and intermediate values in smokers of 1-9 cigarettes/day (p for trend ≤ .001). No additional relationships were observed. We also evaluated correlations between M₁dG and the methylation changes at each HIC1 CpG site individually. The levels of this adduct in smokers showed a significant linear correlation with methylation at one of the 3 CpGs evaluated in HIC1: hypermethylation at position 1904864340 was significantly correlated with the adduct M₁dG (covariate-adjusted regression coefficient (β) = .224 ± .101 [SE], p ≤ .05). No other correlations were detected. Our study extends prior work by others associating hypermethylation of HIC1 with smoking; shows that a very specific hypermethylation event can arise from smoking; and encourages future studies that explore a possible role for M₁dG in connecting smoking to this latter hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E M Peluso
- * Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
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24
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Akingbade D, Kingsley PJ, Shuck SC, Cooper T, Carnahan R, Szekely J, Marnett LJ. Selection of monoclonal antibodies against 6-oxo-M(1)dG and their use in an LC-MS/MS assay for the presence of 6-oxo-M(1)dG in vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:454-61. [PMID: 22211372 PMCID: PMC3285145 DOI: 10.1021/tx200494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Oxidative stress triggers DNA and lipid peroxidation,
leading to
the formation of electrophiles that react with DNA to form adducts.
A product of this pathway, (3-(2′-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-α]purine-10(3H)-one), or M1dG, is mutagenic in bacterial and
mammalian cells and is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair
pathway. In vivo, M1dG is oxidized to a primary metabolite,
(3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-α]purine-6,10(3H,5H)-dione, or 6-oxo-M1dG,
which is excreted in urine, bile, and feces. We have developed a specific
monoclonal antibody against 6-oxo-M1dG and have incorporated
this antibody into a procedure for the immunoaffinity isolation of
6-oxo-M1dG from biological matrices. The purified analyte
is quantified by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope-labeled analogue
([15N5]-6-oxo-M1dG) as an internal
standard. Healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats excreted 6-oxo-M1dG at a rate of 350–1893 fmol/kg·d in feces. This
is the first report of the presence of the major metabolite of M1dG in rodents without exogenous introduction of M1dG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapo Akingbade
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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25
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Lonkar P, Dedon PC. Reactive species and DNA damage in chronic inflammation: reconciling chemical mechanisms and biological fates. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1999-2009. [PMID: 21387284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been recognized as a risk factor for many human cancers. One mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer involves the generation of nitric oxide, superoxide and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by macrophages and neutrophils that infiltrate sites of inflammation. Although pathologically high levels of these reactive species cause damage to biological molecules, including DNA, nitric oxide at lower levels plays important physiological roles in cell signaling and apoptosis. This raises the question of inflammation-induced imbalances in physiological and pathological pathways mediated by chemical mediators of inflammation. At pathological levels, the damage sustained by nucleic acids represents the full spectrum of chemistries and likely plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This suggests that DNA damage products could serve as biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically accessible compartments such as blood and urine. However, recent studies of the biotransformation of DNA damage products before excretion point to a weakness in our understanding of the biological fates of the DNA lesions and thus to a limitation in the use of DNA lesions as biomarkers. This review will address these and other issues surrounding inflammation-mediated DNA damage on the road to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Lonkar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Guan L, Greenberg MM. An Oxidized Abasic Lesion as an Intramolecular Source of DNA Adducts. Aust J Chem 2011; 64:438-442. [PMID: 25392543 DOI: 10.1071/ch10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
5'-(2-Phosphoryl-1,4-dioxobutane) (DOB) is a lesion produced in DNA via a variety of damaging agents. The DOB lesion spontaneously generates cis- and trans-but-2-en-1,4-dial (1) via β-elimination. Cis- and trans-but-2-en-1,4-dial forms exocyclic adducts with nucleosides. We used chemically synthesized DNA containing tritiated DOB incorporated at defined sites to examine the reactivity of cis- and trans-but-2-en-1,4-dial. Although the local DNA sequence does not appear to influence the distribution of nucleoside adducts, we find that DOB generates relatively high yields of cis- and trans-but-2-en-1,4-dial nucleoside adducts that likely are promutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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27
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Chan SW, Dedon PC. The biological and metabolic fates of endogenous DNA damage products. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010:929047. [PMID: 21209721 PMCID: PMC3010698 DOI: 10.4061/2010/929047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and other biomolecules are subjected to damaging chemical reactions during normal physiological processes and in states of pathophysiology caused by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In DNA, this damage affects both the nucleobases and 2-deoxyribose, with a host of damage products that reflect the local chemical pathology such as oxidative stress and inflammation. These damaged molecules represent a potential source of biomarkers for defining mechanisms of pathology, quantifying the risk of human disease and studying interindividual variations in cellular repair pathways. Toward the goal of developing biomarkers, significant effort has been made to detect and quantify damage biomolecules in clinically accessible compartments such as blood and and urine. However, there has been little effort to define the biotransformational fate of damaged biomolecules as they move from the site of formation to excretion in clinically accessible compartments. This paper highlights examples of this important problem with DNA damage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wan Chan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NE47-277, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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28
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Medeiros MHG. Exocyclic DNA adducts as biomarkers of lipid oxidation and predictors of disease. Challenges in developing sensitive and specific methods for clinical studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:419-25. [PMID: 19166334 DOI: 10.1021/tx800367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exocyclic DNA adducts are emerging as potential new tools for the study of oxidative stress-related diseases as well as the determination of cancer etiology and cancer risk. It is important to determine whether levels of exocyclic DNA adducts reflect redox stress in vivo and what role these adducts play in human diseases. To answer these important questions, interindividual differences, tissue distribution, background levels, and repair have to be assessed. This review focuses on recent developments in the use of these adducts as possible biomarkers for disease risk related to oxidative stress and on the challenges in developing sensitive and specific methods for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Maddukuri L, Eoff RL, Choi JY, Rizzo CJ, Guengerich FP, Marnett LJ. In vitro bypass of the major malondialdehyde- and base propenal-derived DNA adduct by human Y-family DNA polymerases κ, ι, and Rev1. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8415-24. [PMID: 20726503 PMCID: PMC2943251 DOI: 10.1021/bi1009024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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3-(2′-Deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido-[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) is the major adduct derived from the reaction of DNA with the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and the DNA peroxidation product base propenal. M1dG is mutagenic in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells, inducing base-pair substitutions (M1dG → A and M1dG → T) and frameshift mutations. Y-family polymerases may contribute to the mutations induced by M1dG in vivo. Previous reports described the bypass of M1dG by DNA polymerases η and Dpo4. The present experiments were conducted to evaluate bypass of M1dG by the human Y-family DNA polymerases κ, ι, and Rev1. M1dG was incorporated into template-primers containing either dC or dT residues 5′ to the adduct, and the template-primers were subjected to in vitro replication by the individual DNA polymerases. Steady-state kinetic analysis of single nucleotide incorporation indicates that dCMP is most frequently inserted by hPol κ opposite the adduct in both sequence contexts, followed by dTMP and dGMP. dCMP and dTMP were most frequently inserted by hPol ι, and only dCMP was inserted by Rev1. hPol κ extended template-primers in the order M1dG:dC > M1dG:dG > M1dG:dT ∼ M1dG:dA, but neither hPol ι nor Rev1 extended M1dG-containing template-primers. Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis of the products of hPol κ-catalyzed extension verified this preference in the 3′-GXC-5′ template sequence but revealed the generation of a series of complex products in which dAMP is incorporated opposite M1dG in the 3′-GXT-5′ template sequence. The results indicate that DNA hPol κ or the combined action of hPol ι or Rev1 and hPol κ bypass M1dG residues in DNA and generate products that are consistent with some of the mutations induced by M1dG in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Maddukuri
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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30
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Cline SD, Lodeiro MF, Marnett LJ, Cameron CE, Arnold JJ. Arrest of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription by the biological aldehyde adduct of DNA, M1dG. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:7546-57. [PMID: 20671026 PMCID: PMC2995074 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological aldehydes, malondialdehyde and base propenal, react with DNA to form a prevalent guanine adduct, M1dG. The exocyclic ring of M1dG opens to the acyclic N2-OPdG structure when paired with C but remains closed in single-stranded DNA or when mispaired with T. M1dG is a target of nucleotide excision repair (NER); however, NER is absent in mitochondria. An in vitro transcription system with purified human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and transcription factors, mtTFA and mtTFB2, was used to determine the effect of M1dG on POLRMT elongation. DNA templates contained a single adduct opposite either C or T downstream of either the light-strand (LSP) or heavy-strand (HSP1) promoter for POLRMT. M1dG in the transcribed strand arrested 60–90% POLRMT elongation complexes with greater arrest by the adduct when opposite T. POLRMT was more sensitive to N2-OPdG and M1dG after initiation at LSP, which suggests promoter-specific differences in the function of POLRMT complexes. A closed-ring analog of M1dG, PdG, blocked ≥95% of transcripts originating from either promoter regardless of base pairing, and the transcripts remained associated with POLRMT complexes after stalling at the adduct. This work suggests that persistent M1dG adducts in mitochondrial DNA hinder the transcription of mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Cline
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Mercer, GA 31207, USA.
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31
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Dedon PC, DeMott MS, Elmquist CE, Prestwich EG, McFaline JL, Pang B. Challenges in developing DNA and RNA biomarkers of inflammation. Biomark Med 2010; 1:293-312. [PMID: 20477404 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is now a proven cause of human diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. One potential link between inflammation and disease involves secretion of reactive chemical species by immune cells, with chronic damage to host epithelial cells leading to disease. This suggests pathophysiologically that DNA and RNA damage products are candidate biomarkers of inflammation, both for mechanistic understanding of the process and for risk assessment. Of the current approaches to quantifying DNA damage products, mass spectrometry-based methods provide the most rigorous quantification needed for biomarker development, while antibody-based approaches provide the most practical way to implement biomarkers in a clinical setting. Nonetheless, all approaches are biased by adventitious formation of DNA and RNA damage products during sample processing. Recent studies of tissue-derived DNA biomarkers in mouse models of inflammation reveal significant changes only in DNA adducts derived from lipid peroxidation. These and other observations raise the question of the most appropriate sampling compartment for DNA biomarker studies and highlight the emerging role of lipid damage in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Dedon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, NE47-277, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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32
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Blair IA. Analysis of endogenous glutathione-adducts and their metabolites. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:29-38. [PMID: 20017120 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to conduct validated analyses of glutathione (GSH)-adducts and their metabolites is critically important in order to establish whether they play a role in cellular biochemical or pathophysiological processes. The use of stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provides the highest bioanalytical specificity possible for such analyses. Quantitative studies normally require the high sensitivity that can be obtained by the use of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)/MS rather than the much less sensitive but more specific full scanning methodology. The method employs a parent ion corresponding to the intact molecule together with a prominent product ion that obtained by collision induced dissociation. Using SID LC-MRM/MS, analytes must have the same relative LC retention time to the heavy isotope internal standard established during the validation procedure, the correct parent ion and the correct product ion. This level of specificity cannot be attained with any other bioanalytical technique employed for biomarker analysis. This review will describe the application of SID LC-MR/MS methodology for the analysis of GSH-adducts and their metabolites. It will also discuss potential future directions for the use of this methodology for rigorous determination of their utility as disease and exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Blair
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA.
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33
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Jarabek AM, Pottenger LH, Andrews LS, Casciano D, Embry MR, Kim JH, Preston RJ, Reddy MV, Schoeny R, Shuker D, Skare J, Swenberg J, Williams GM, Zeiger E. Creating context for the use of DNA adduct data in cancer risk assessment: I. Data organization. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 39:659-78. [PMID: 19743944 DOI: 10.1080/10408440903164155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of human cancer risk from chemical exposure requires the integration of diverse types of data. Such data involve effects at the cell and tissue levels. This report focuses on the specific utility of one type of data, namely DNA adducts. Emphasis is placed on the appreciation that such DNA adduct data cannot be used in isolation in the risk assessment process but must be used in an integrated fashion with other information. As emerging technologies provide even more sensitive quantitative measurements of DNA adducts, integration that establishes links between DNA adducts and accepted outcome measures becomes critical for risk assessment. The present report proposes an organizational approach for the assessment of DNA adduct data (e.g., type of adduct, frequency, persistence, type of repair process) in concert with other relevant data, such as dosimetry, toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and tumor incidence, to inform characterization of the mode of action. DNA adducts are considered biomarkers of exposure, whereas gene mutations and chromosomal alterations are often biomarkers of early biological effects and also can be bioindicators of the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Jarabek
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, on detail from National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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34
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Pitié M, Pratviel G. Activation of DNA Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds by Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1018-59. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pitié
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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35
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van Helden YGJ, Keijer J, Heil SG, Picó C, Palou A, Oliver P, Munnia A, Briedé JJ, Peluso M, Franssen-van Hal NL, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. Beta-carotene affects oxidative stress-related DNA damage in lung epithelial cells and in ferret lung. Carcinogenesis 2010; 30:2070-6. [PMID: 19638427 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-carotene (BC) was found to enhance lung cancer risk in smokers. This adverse effect was unexpected because BC was thought to act as an anti-oxidant against cigarette smoke-derived radicals. These radicals can directly or indirectly damage DNA, leading to the formation of pro-mutagenic DNA lesions such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M(1)dG). Later, it was suggested that high concentrations of BC could also result in pro-oxidant effects. Therefore, we investigated whether high but physiologically feasible concentrations of BC were able to alter (i) the formation of radicals in vitro assessed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, (ii) the levels of 8-oxo-dG and M(1)dG in vitro in lung epithelial cells after incubation with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the smoke-derived carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and (iii) the levels of 8-oxo-dG and M(1)dG in vivo in ferrets' lung after chronic exposure to B[a]P. BC increased in vitro hydroxyl radical formation in the Fenton reaction but inhibited the formation of carbon-centered radicals. Similarly, BC was able to enhance 8-oxo-dG in vitro in lung epithelial cells. On the other hand, BC significantly inhibited M(1)dG formation in lung epithelial cells, especially after induction of M(1)dG by H(2)O(2) or B[a]P. Finally, BC supplementation of ferrets also resulted in a significant decrease in M(1)dG, but in contrast to the in vitro experiments, no effect was observed on 8-oxo-dG levels, probably because of increased base excision repair capacities as assessed by a modified comet assay. These data indicate that the fate of BC being a pro- or anti-oxidant strongly depends on the type of radical involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne G J van Helden
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Research Institute School of Nutrition, Metabolism and Toxicology, Maastricht University, PO box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Fate of DNA Sugar Radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-0854(10)04004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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37
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Meguellati K, Spichty M, Ladame S. Synthesis, spectroscopic and DNA alkylating properties of malondialdehyde (MDA) bis-imine fluorescent adducts. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1694-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c002157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Carrier EJ, Amarnath V, Oates JA, Boutaud O. Characterization of covalent adducts of nucleosides and DNA formed by reaction with levuglandin. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10775-81. [PMID: 19824699 DOI: 10.1021/bi9015132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is associated with development of several cancers. The product of COX-2, prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2)), can undergo spontaneous rearrangement and nonenzymatic ring cleavage to form the highly reactive levuglandin E(2) (LGE(2)) or D(2) (LGD(2)). Incubation with LGE(2) causes DNA-protein cross-linking in cultured cells, suggesting that levuglandins can directly react with DNA. We report the identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of a stable levuglandin-deoxycytidine (LG-dC) adduct that forms upon reaction of levuglandin with DNA. We found that LGE(2) reacted with deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine, or deoxyguanosine in vitro to form covalent adducts with a dihydroxypyrrolidine structure, as deduced from selective ion fragmentation. For LG-deoxycytidine adducts, the initial dihydroxypyrrolidine structure converted to a pyrrole structure over time. Reaction of LG with DNA yielded a stable LG-dC adduct with a pyrrole structure. These results describe the first structure of levuglandinyl-DNA adducts and provide the tools with which to evaluate the potential for LG-DNA adduct formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,Tennessee 37232, USA
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Kiang JG, Smith JT, Agravante NG. Geldanamycin analog 17-DMAG inhibits iNOS and caspases in gamma-irradiated human T cells. Radiat Res 2009; 172:321-30. [PMID: 19708781 DOI: 10.1667/rr1585.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production increase after radiation exposure. We showed previously that inhibiting iNOS expression prevents hemorrhage injury; we therefore investigated whether inhibiting iNOS expression also limits radiation injury. Human Jurkat T cells were exposed to gamma radiation (2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy), and cell lysates were collected for analysis at selected times afterward. Radiation exposure increased iNOS expression within 4 h postirradiation by increasing the levels of the iNOS transcription factors NF-kappaB and KLF6. By 24 h postirradiation cell viability was reduced. In these cells, NO production, lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, apoptosomes (formed by cytochrome c, caspase 9 and Apaf-1), and caspase 3 activity were significantly elevated, suggesting that the iNOS pathway had been activated. Treatment with the iNOS inhibitors 17-DMAG or L-NIL-6 24 h prior to irradiation limited these changes, as did treatment with iNOS siRNA to silence the iNOS gene. These results suggest radiation injury involves the iNOS pathway, and iNOS-mediated NO produced endogenously in the T cell alters overall T-cell function and results in apoptosis and cell lethality. Control of iNOS expression may represent a useful approach for protecting T cells from radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G Kiang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5603, USA.
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Chowdhury G, Guengerich FP. Tandem mass spectrometry-based detection of c4'-oxidized abasic sites at specific positions in DNA fragments. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1310-9. [PMID: 19496605 DOI: 10.1021/tx900115z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has been linked to aging, cancer, and other biological processes. Reactive oxygen species and various antitumor agents including bleomycin and ionizing radiation have been shown to cause oxidative DNA sugar damage. Detection of DNA lesions is important for understanding the toxicological or therapeutic consequences associated with such agents. C4'-oxidized abasic sites (C4-AP) are produced by the antitumor drug bleomycin and ionizing radiation. The currently available methods for the detection of C4-AP cannot provide both structural and sequence information. We have developed an LC-ESI-MS-based approach for specific detection and mapping of C4-AP from a mixture of lesions. We show using Fe-bleomycin-damaged DNA that C4-AP can be detected at cytosine and thymine sites by direct MS analysis. Our results reveal that collision-induced dissociation of C4-AP-containing oligonucleotides results in preferential fragmentation at C4-AP sites with the formation of the unique a* ions (18 amu more than the a-B ions) that allow mapping of the C4-AP sites. Various chemical modification strategies (e.g., reduction with NaBH4 and NaBD4 and derivatization with methoxyamine and hydrazine, followed by LC-MS analysis) were also used for unambiguous detection of C4-AP sites. Finally, we show that the methods described here can detect the presence of C4-AP at specific sites in a complex sample such as hydroxyl radical-damaged DNA. The LC-MS approach was also used for the simultaneous detection of the other C4'-oxidation end product, 3'-phosphoglycolate, at a specific site in hydroxyl radical-damaged DNA. Thus, LC-MS provides a rapid and direct approach for the detection and mapping of oxidative DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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Knutson CG, Rubinson EH, Akingbade D, Anderson CS, Stec DF, Petrova KV, Kozekov ID, Guengerich FP, Rizzo CJ, Marnett LJ. Oxidation and glycolytic cleavage of etheno and propano DNA base adducts. Biochemistry 2009; 48:800-9. [PMID: 19132922 PMCID: PMC2975463 DOI: 10.1021/bi801654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Non-invasive strategies for the analysis of endogenous DNA damage are of interest for the purpose of monitoring genomic exposure to biologically produced chemicals. We have focused our research on the biological processing of DNA adducts and how this may impact the observed products in biological matrixes. Preliminary research has revealed that pyrimidopurinone DNA adducts are subject to enzymatic oxidation in vitro and in vivo and that base adducts are better substrates for oxidation than the corresponding 2′-deoxynucleosides. We tested the possibility that structurally similar exocyclic base adducts may be good candidates for enzymatic oxidation in vitro. We investigated the in vitro oxidation of several endogenously occurring etheno adducts [1,N2-ε-guanine (1,N2-ε-Gua), N2,3-ε-Gua, heptanone-1,N2-ε-Gua, 1,N6-ε-adenine (1,N6-ε-Ade), and 3,N4-ε-cytosine (3,N4-ε-Cyt)] and their corresponding 2′-deoxynucleosides. Both 1,N2-ε-Gua and heptanone-1,N2-ε-Gua were substrates for enzymatic oxidation in rat liver cytosol; heteronuclear NMR experiments revealed that oxidation occurred on the imidazole ring of each substrate. In contrast, the partially or fully saturated pyrimidopurinone analogues [i.e., 5,6-dihydro-M1G and 1,N2-propanoguanine (PGua)] and their 2′-deoxynucleoside derivatives were not oxidized. The 2′-deoxynucleoside adducts, 1,N2-ε-dG and 1,N6-ε-dA, underwent glycolytic cleavage in rat liver cytosol. Together, these data suggest that multiple exocyclic adducts undergo oxidation and glycolytic cleavage in vitro in rat liver cytosol, in some instances in succession. These multiple pathways of biotransformation produce an array of products. Thus, the biotransformation of exocyclic adducts may lead to an additional class of biomarkers suitable for use in animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Knutson
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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Taghizadeh K, McFaline JL, Pang B, Sullivan M, Dong M, Plummer E, Dedon PC. Quantification of DNA damage products resulting from deamination, oxidation and reaction with products of lipid peroxidation by liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:1287-98. [PMID: 18714297 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of damage products as biomarkers of inflammation has been hampered by a poor understanding of the chemical biology of inflammation, the lack of sensitive analytical methods and a focus on single chemicals as surrogates for inflammation. To overcome these problems, we developed a general and sensitive liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method to quantify, in a single DNA sample, the nucleoside forms of seven DNA lesions reflecting the range of chemistries associated with inflammation: 2'-deoxyuridine, 2'-deoxyxanthosine and 2'-deoxyinosine from nitrosative deamination; 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine from oxidation; and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine, 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 3,N(4)-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine arising from reaction of DNA with lipid peroxidation products. Using DNA purified from cells or tissues under conditions that minimize artifacts, individual nucleosides are purified by HPLC and quantified by isotope-dilution, electrospray ionization LC/MS-MS. The method can be applied to other DNA damage products and requires 4-6 d to complete depending upon the number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koli Taghizadeh
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Son J, Pang B, McFaline JL, Taghizadeh K, Dedon PC. Surveying the damage: the challenges of developing nucleic acid biomarkers of inflammation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:902-8. [PMID: 18704228 DOI: 10.1039/b719411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to a cause and effect relationship between chronic inflammation and human maladies such as cancer, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disease. A critical link between inflammation and disease may lie in the secretion of highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by macrophages and neutrophils, including hypohalous acids, nitrous anhydride, and nitrosoperoxycarbonate. Exposure of host epithelial cells to the resulting oxidation, nitration, nitrosation and halogenation chemistries leads to damage of all types of cellular molecules. Since nucleic acids sustain damage representative of the full spectrum of different chemistries and the damage likely plays a causative role in disease etiology, DNA and RNA damage products can serve as surrogates for the short-lived chemical mediators of inflammation, and as markers that provide both mechanistic understanding of the disease process and a means to quantify risk of disease. However, the very small quantities of the damaged molecules pose a challenge to the simultaneous quantification of the spectrum of lesions in the manner of proteomics or metabolomics. The goal of this Highlight is to provide an update on the chemistry of inflammation and the development of biomarkers of inflammation in the age of -omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Son
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NE47-277, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Pluskota-Karwatka D. Modifications of nucleosides by endogenous mutagens-DNA adducts arising from cellular processes. Bioorg Chem 2008; 36:198-213. [PMID: 18561974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage plays a significant role in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing. Chemical transformations leading to DNA damage include reactions of the base units with agents of endogenous and exogenous origin. The vast majority of damage arising from cellular processes such as metabolism and lipid peroxidation are identical or very similar to those induced by exposure to environmental agents. A detailed knowledge of the types and prevalence of endogenous DNA damage provides insight into the chemical nature of species involved in these modifications and may be of help in understanding their influence on the induction of cancer or other diseases. This knowledge may also be essential to the development of rational chemopreventive strategies directed against the initiation of oxidative stress- and lipid peroxidation-associated pathology. The present work reviews findings regarding the interaction between DNA bases and various reactive species arising from lipid peroxidation and other cellular processes, drawing attention to the mechanism responsible for the formation of the resulted modifications. The biological consequences of these interactions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.
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Szekely J, Rizzo CJ, Marnett LJ. Chemical properties of oxopropenyl adducts of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and their reactivity toward amino acid cross-link formation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2195-201. [PMID: 18225895 DOI: 10.1021/ja074506u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N2-oxopropenyldeoxyguanosine (2) forms in duplex DNA by modification of dG residues with base propenal or malondialdehyde. The pKa of 2 was estimated to be 6.9 from the pH dependence of its ring-closing to the pyrimidopurinone derivative 1. The acidity of 2 may be an important determinant of its miscoding properties and its reactivity to nucleophiles in DNA or protein. To test this hypothesis, analogous N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA (4), dC (5), and N1-methyl-dG (6) were synthesized and their pKa's were determined by optical titration. The N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA and dC both exhibited pKa's of 10.5, whereas the N-oxopropenyl derivative of N1-methyldG exhibited a pKa of 8.2. Cross-linking of 2, 4, 5, and 6 to N(alpha)-acetyl-lysine was explored at neutral pH. Adduct 2 did not react with N(alpha)-acetyl-lysine, whereas 4-6 readily formed cross-links. The structures of the cross-links were elucidated, and their stabilities were investigated. The results define the acidity of oxopropenyl deoxynucleosides and highlight its importance to their reactivity toward nucleophiles. This study also identifies the structures of a potential novel class of DNA-protein cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Szekely
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NE47-277, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Chen B, Zhou X, Taghizadeh K, Chen J, Stubbe J, Dedon PC. GC/MS methods to quantify the 2-deoxypentos-4-ulose and 3'-phosphoglycolate pathways of 4' oxidation of 2-deoxyribose in DNA: application to DNA damage produced by gamma radiation and bleomycin. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1701-8. [PMID: 17944541 PMCID: PMC2529375 DOI: 10.1021/tx700164y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA oxidation plays a substantive role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, such as cancer. While the chemistry of nucleobase lesions has dominated studies of DNA damage, there is growing evidence that the oxidation of 2-deoxyribose in DNA plays a critical role in the genetic toxicology of oxidative stress. As part of an effort to define the spectrum of 2-deoxyribose oxidation products arising in vitro and in vivo, we now describe methods for quantifying products arising from 4' oxidation of 2-deoxyribose in DNA. The chemistry of 4' oxidation partitions between either of two pathways to form either a 2-deoxypentos-4-ulose abasic site (oxAB) or a strand break comprised of a 3'-phosphoglycolate (3PG) residue and a 5'-phosphate, with the release of either malondialdehyde and free base or a base propenal. Highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods were developed to quantify both lesions. The abasic site was converted to a 3'-phosphoro-3-pyridazinylmethylate derivative by treatment of the damaged DNA with hydrazine, which was released from DNA as 3-hydroxymethylpyridazine (HMP) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Similarly, 3PG was released as 2-phosphoglycolic acid (PG) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Following HPLC prepurification, both PG and HMP were silylated and quantified by GC/MS, with limits of detection of 100 and 200 fmol and sensitivities of 2 and 4 lesions per 10(6) nucleotides (nt) in 250 microg of DNA, respectively. Following validation of the methods with oligodeoxynucleotides containing the two lesions, the methods were applied to DNA damage produced by bleomycin and gamma radiation. As expected for an agent known to produce only 4' oxidation of DNA, the quantities of 3PG and oxAB accounted for all 2-deoxyribose oxidation events, as indicated by slopes of 0.8 and 0.3, respectively, in plots of the lesion frequency against total 2-deoxyribose oxidation events, with the latter determined by a plasmid-nicking assay. 3PG residues and oxAB were produced at the rate of 32 and 12 lesions per 10(6) nt per microM, respectively. For gamma radiation, on the other hand, 4' oxidation was found to comprise only 13% of 2-deoxyribose oxidation chemistry, with 3% oxAB (4 per 10(6) nt per Gy) and 10% 3PG (13 per 10(6) nt per Gy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Xinfeng Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Koli Taghizadeh
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jingyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - JoAnne Stubbe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Knutson CG, Wang H, Rizzo CJ, Marnett LJ. Metabolism and elimination of the endogenous DNA adduct, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purine-10(3H)-one, in the rat. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:36257-64. [PMID: 17951255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenously occurring damage to DNA is a contributing factor to the onset of several genetic diseases, including cancer. Monitoring urinary levels of DNA adducts is one approach to assess genomic exposure to endogenous damage. However, metabolism and alternative routes of elimination have not been considered as factors that may limit the detection of DNA adducts in urine. We recently demonstrated that the peroxidation-derived deoxyguanosine adduct, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-alpha]purine-10(3H)-one (M1dG), is subject to enzymatic oxidation in vivo resulting in the formation of a major metabolite, 6-oxo-M1dG. Based on the administration of [14C]M1dG (22 microCi/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4), we now report that 6-oxo-M1dG is the principal metabolite of M1dG in vivo representing 45% of the total administered dose. When [14C]6-oxo-M1dG was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats, 6-oxo-M1dG was recovered unchanged (>97% stability). These studies also revealed that M1dG and 6-oxo-M1dG are subject to biliary elimination. Additionally, both M1dG and 6-oxo-M1dG exhibited a long residence time following administration (>48 h), and the major species observed in urine at late collections was 6-oxo-M1dG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Knutson
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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Chowdhury G, Junnotula V, Daniels JS, Greenberg MM, Gates KS. DNA strand damage product analysis provides evidence that the tumor cell-specific cytotoxin tirapazamine produces hydroxyl radical and acts as a surrogate for O(2). J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12870-7. [PMID: 17900117 PMCID: PMC2821206 DOI: 10.1021/ja074432m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The compound 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine, TPZ) is a clinically promising anticancer agent that selectively kills the oxygen-poor (hypoxic) cells found in solid tumors. It has long been known that, under hypoxic conditions, TPZ causes DNA strand damage that is initiated by the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from the deoxyribose phosphate backbone of duplex DNA, but exact chemical mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here we describe detailed characterization of sugar-derived products arising from TPZ-mediated strand damage. We find that the action of TPZ on duplex DNA under hypoxic conditions generates 5-methylene-2-furanone (6), oligonucleotide 3'-phosphoglycolates (7), malondialdehyde equivalents (8 or 9), and furfural (10). These results provide evidence that TPZ-mediated strand damage arises via hydrogen atom abstraction from both the most hindered (C1') and least hindered (C4' and C5') positions of the deoxyribose sugars in the double helix. The products observed are identical to those produced by hydroxyl radical. Additional experiments were conducted to better understand the chemical pathways by which TPZ generates the observed DNA-damage products. Consistent with previous work showing that TPZ can substitute for molecular oxygen in DNA damage reactions, it is found that, under anaerobic conditions, reaction of TPZ with a discrete, photogenerated C1'-radical in a DNA 2'-oligodeoxynucleotide cleanly generates the 2-deoxyribonolactone lesion (5) that serves as the precursor to 5-methylene-2-furanone (6). Overall, the results provide insight regarding the chemical structure of the DNA lesions that confront cellular repair, transcription, and replication machinery following exposure to TPZ and offer new information relevant to the chemical mechanisms underlying TPZ-mediated strand cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- University of Missouri–Columbia Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry 125 Chemistry Building Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Venkatraman Junnotula
- University of Missouri–Columbia Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry 125 Chemistry Building Columbia, MO 65211
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- University of Missouri–Columbia Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry 125 Chemistry Building Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Kent S. Gates
- University of Missouri–Columbia Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry 125 Chemistry Building Columbia, MO 65211
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: ; phone: (573) 882-6763; FAX: (573) 882-2754
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