1
|
Macauslane KL, Pegg CL, Short KR, Schulz BL. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways by respiratory viruses. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:750-768. [PMID: 37934111 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are amongst the leading causes of death and disability, and the greatest burden of disease impacts children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Respiratory viruses account for the majority of ARIs. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a host homeostatic defence mechanism primarily activated in response to aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein accumulation in cell stresses including viral infection. The UPR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, as the respiratory system is particularly vulnerable to chronic and acute activation of the ER stress response pathway. Many respiratory viruses therefore employ strategies to modulate the UPR during infection, with varying effects on the host and the pathogens. Here, we review the specific means by which respiratory viruses affect the host UPR, particularly in association with the high production of viral glycoproteins, and the impact of UPR activation and subversion on viral replication and disease pathogenesis. We further review the activation of UPR in common co-morbidities of ARIs and discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating the UPR in virally induced respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Macauslane
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suzuki M, Tezuka K, Handa T, Sato R, Takeuchi H, Takao M, Tano M, Uchida Y. Upregulation of ribosome complexes at the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2134-2150. [PMID: 35766008 PMCID: PMC9580172 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrovascular-specific molecular mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated by employing comprehensive and accurate quantitative proteomics. Highly purified brain capillaries were isolated from cerebral gray and white matter of four AD and three control donors, and examined by SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra) proteomics. Of the 29 ribosomal proteins that were quantified, 28 (RPLP0, RPL4, RPL6, RPL7A, RPL8, RPL10A, RPL11, RPL12, RPL14, RPL15, RPL18, RPL23, RPL27, RPL27A, RPL31, RPL35A, RPS2, RPS3, RPS3A, RPS4X, RPS7, RPS8, RPS14, RPS16, RPS20, RPS24, RPS25, and RPSA) were significantly upregulated in AD patients. This upregulation of ribosomal protein expression occurred only in brain capillaries and not in brain parenchyma. The protein expression of protein processing and N-glycosylation-related proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (DDOST, STT3A, MOGS, GANAB, RPN1, RPN2, SEC61B, UGGT1, LMAN2, and SSR4) were also upregulated in AD brain capillaries and was correlated with the expression of ribosomal proteins. The findings reported herein indicate that the ribosome complex, the subsequent protein processing and N-glycosylation-related processes are significantly and specifically upregulated in the brain capillaries of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Handa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Risa Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hina Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Neurology and Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tano
- Department of Neurology and Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Critical roles of protein disulfide isomerases in balancing proteostasis in the nervous system. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102087. [PMID: 35654139 PMCID: PMC9253707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of oxidoreductases promoting redox protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIs catalyze disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and reduction, operating in concert with molecular chaperones to fold secretory cargoes in addition to directing misfolded proteins to be refolded or degraded. Importantly, PDIs are emerging as key components of the proteostasis network, integrating protein folding status with central surveillance mechanisms to balance proteome stability according to cellular needs. Recent advances in the field driven by the generation of new mouse models, human genetic studies, and omics methodologies, in addition to interventions using small molecules and gene therapy, have revealed the significance of PDIs to the physiology of the nervous system. PDIs are also implicated in diverse pathologies, ranging from neurodevelopmental conditions to neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. Here, we review the principles of redox protein folding in the ER with a focus on current evidence linking genetic mutations and biochemical alterations to PDIs in the etiology of neurological conditions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakshi T, Pham D, Kaur R, Sun B. Hidden Relationships between N-Glycosylation and Disulfide Bonds in Individual Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073742. [PMID: 35409101 PMCID: PMC8998389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation (NG) and disulfide bonds (DBs) are two prevalent co/post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are often conserved and coexist in membrane and secreted proteins involved in a large number of diseases. Both in the past and in recent times, the enzymes and chaperones regulating these PTMs have been constantly discovered to directly interact with each other or colocalize in the ER. However, beyond a few model proteins, how such cooperation affects N-glycan modification and disulfide bonding at selective sites in individual proteins is largely unknown. Here, we reviewed the literature to discover the current status in understanding the relationships between NG and DBs in individual proteins. Our results showed that more than 2700 human proteins carry both PTMs, and fewer than 2% of them have been investigated in the associations between NG and DBs. We summarized both these proteins with the reported relationships in the two PTMs and the tools used to discover the relationships. We hope that, by exposing this largely understudied field, more investigations can be encouraged to unveil the hidden relationships of NG and DBs in the majority of membranes and secreted proteins for pathophysiological understanding and biotherapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bakshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - David Pham
- Department of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Raminderjeet Kaur
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Bingyun Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hellewell AL, Heesom KJ, Jepson MA, Adams JC. PDIA3/ERp57 promotes a matrix-rich secretome that stimulates fibroblast adhesion through CCN2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C624-C644. [PMID: 35196163 PMCID: PMC8977143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00258.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin1 (TSP1) has complex roles in the extracellular matrix and at cell surfaces, but relatively little is known about its intracellular associations prior to secretion. To search for novel intracellular interactions of TSP1 in situ, we carried out a biotin ligase-based TSP1 interactome screen and identified protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3/ERp57) as a novel candidate binding protein. In validation, TSP1 and PDIA3 were established to bind in vitro and to colocalise in the endoplasmic reticulum of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Loss of PDIA3 function, either by pharmacological inhibition in HDF or in Pdia3-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (Pdia3-/-MEF), led to alterations in the composition of cell-derived ECM, involving changed abundance of fibronectin and TSP1, and was correlated with reduced cell spreading, altered organisation of F-actin and reduced focal adhesions. These cellular phenotypes of Pdia3-/-MEF were normalised by exposure to conditioned medium (WTCM) or extracellular matrix (WTECM) from wild-type (WT)-MEF. Rescue depended on PDIA3 activity in WT-MEF, and was not prevented by immunodepletion of fibronectin. Heparin-binding proteins in WTCM were found to be necessary for rescue. Comparative quantitative tandem-mass-tag proteomics and functional assays on the heparin-binding secretomes of WT-MEF and Pdia3-/- MEF identified multiple ECM and growth factor proteins to be down-regulated in the CM of Pdia3-/- MEF. Of these, CCN2 was identified to be necessary for the adhesion-promoting activity of WTCM on Pdia3-/- MEF and to bind TSP1. Thus, PDIA3 coordinates fibroblast production of an ECM-rich, pro-adhesive microenvironment, with implications for PDIA3 as a translational target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate J Heesom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Jepson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Protein Disulfide Isomerase A3 Regulates Influenza Neuraminidase Activity and Influenza Burden in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031078. [PMID: 35162999 PMCID: PMC8834910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) is a glycoprotein required for the viral exit from the cell. NA requires disulfide bonds for proper function. We have recently demonstrated that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)A3 is required for oxidative folding of IAV hemagglutinin (HA), and viral propagation. However, it not known whether PDIs are required for NA maturation or if these interactions represent a putative target for the treatment of influenza infection. We sought to determine whether PDIA3 is required for disulfide bonds of NA, its activity, and propagation of the virus. Requirement of disulfides for NA oligomerization and activity were determined using biotin switch and redox assays in WT and PDIA3−/− in A549 cells. A PDI specific inhibitor (LOC14) was utilized to determine the requirement of PDIs in NA activity, IAV burden, and inflammatory response in A549 and primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Mice were treated with the inhibitor LOC14 and subsequently examined for IAV burden, NA activity, cytokine, and immune response. IAV-NA interacts with PDIA3 and this interaction is required for NA activity. PDIA3 ablation or inhibition decreased NA activity, viral burden, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells. LOC14 treatment significantly attenuated the influenza-induced inflammatory response in mice including the overall viral burden. These results provide evidence for PDIA3 inhibition suppressing NA activity, potentially providing a novel platform for host-targeted antiviral therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Flórido M, Chiu J, Hogg PJ. Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Is Produced in Different Disulfide-Bonded States. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1081-1092. [PMID: 33985344 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) binding to sialic acid on lung epithelial cells triggers membrane fusion and infection. Host thiol isomerases have been shown to play a role in influenza A virus infection, and we hypothesized that this role involved manipulation of disulfide bonds in HA. Results: Analysis of HA crystal structures revealed that three of the six HA disulfides occur in high-energy conformations and four of the six bonds can exist in unformed states, suggesting that the disulfide landscape of HA is generally strained and the bonds may be labile. We measured the redox state of influenza A virus HA disulfide bonds and their susceptibility to cleavage by vascular thiol isomerases. Using differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry, we show that all six HA disulfide bonds exist in unformed states in ∼1 in 10 recombinant and viral surface HA molecules. Four of the six H1 and H3 HA bonds are cleaved by the vascular thiol isomerases, thioredoxin and protein disulphide isomerase, in recombinant proteins, which correlated with surface exposure of the disulfides in crystal structures. In contrast, viral surface HA disulfide bonds are impervious to five different vascular thiol isomerases. Innovation: It has been assumed that the disulfide bonds in mature HA protein are intact and inert. We show that all six HA disulfide bonds can exist in unformed states. Conclusion: These findings indicate that influenza A virus HA disulfides are naturally labile but not substrates for thiol isomerases when expressed on the viral surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Flórido
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that subvert the functions of their host cells to accomplish their infection cycle. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperone proteins are central for the achievement of different steps of the viral cycle, from entry and replication to assembly and exit. The most abundant ER chaperones are GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein), GRP94 (94-kDa glucose-regulated protein), the carbohydrate or lectin-like chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT), the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), and the DNAJ chaperones. This review will focus on the pleiotropic roles of ER chaperones during viral infection. We will cover their essential role in the folding and quality control of viral proteins, notably viral glycoproteins which play a major role in host cell infection. We will also describe how viruses co-opt ER chaperones at various steps of their infectious cycle but also in order to evade immune responses and avoid apoptosis. Finally, we will discuss the different molecules targeting these chaperones and the perspectives in the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Zhang J. PDIA3: Structure, functions and its potential role in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112110. [PMID: 34474345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalysis of disulphide (SS) bonds is the most important characteristic of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family. Catalysis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, which contains many proteins, most of which are secretory in nature and that have at least one s-s bond. Protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a member of the PDI family that acts as a chaperone. PDIA3 is highly expressed in response to cellular stress, and also intercept the apoptotic cellular death related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and protein misfolding. PDIA3 expression is elevated in almost 70% of cancers and its expression has been linked with overall low cell invasiveness, survival and metastasis. Viral diseases present a significant public health threat. The presence of PDIA3 on the cell surface helps different viruses to enter the cells and also helps in replication. Therefore, inhibitors of PDIA3 have great potential to interfere with viral infections. In this review, we summarize what is known about the basic structure, functions and role of PDIA3 in viral infections. The review will inspire studies of pathogenic mechanisms and drug targeting to counter viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakada EM, Sun R, Fujii U, Martin JG. The Impact of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Modifications, Folding and Degradation on Lung Structure and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665622. [PMID: 34122136 PMCID: PMC8188853 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and other mechanisms to restore ER homeostasis, including translational shutdown, increased targeting of mRNAs for degradation by the IRE1-dependent decay pathway, selective translation of proteins that contribute to the protein folding capacity of the ER, and activation of the ER-associated degradation machinery. When ER stress is excessive or prolonged and these mechanisms fail to restore proteostasis, the UPR triggers the cell to undergo apoptosis. This review also examines the overlooked role of post-translational modifications and their roles in protein processing and effects on ER stress and the UPR. Finally, these effects are examined in the context of lung structure, function, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nakada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Utako Fujii
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Folding of proteins is essential so that they can exert their functions. For proteins that transit the secretory pathway, folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and various chaperone systems assist in acquiring their correct folding/subunit formation. N-glycosylation is one of the most conserved posttranslational modification for proteins, and in eukaryotes it occurs in the ER. Consequently, eukaryotic cells have developed various systems that utilize N-glycans to dictate and assist protein folding, or if they consistently fail to fold properly, to destroy proteins for quality control and the maintenance of homeostasis of proteins in the ER.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuss-Duerkop SK, Keestra-Gounder AM. NOD1 and NOD2 Activation by Diverse Stimuli: a Possible Role for Sensing Pathogen-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00898-19. [PMID: 32229616 PMCID: PMC7309630 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00898-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompt recognition of microbes by cells is critical to eliminate invading pathogens. Some cell-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize and respond to microbial ligands. However, others can respond to cellular perturbations, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Nucleotide oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1/2) are PRRs that recognize and respond to multiple stimuli of microbial and cellular origin, such as bacterial peptidoglycan, viral infections, parasitic infections, activated Rho GTPases, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. How NOD1/2 are stimulated by such diverse stimuli is not fully understood but may partly rely on cellular changes during infection that result in ER stress. NOD1/2 are ER stress sensors that facilitate proinflammatory responses for pathogen clearance; thus, NOD1/2 may help mount broad antimicrobial responses through detection of ER stress, which is often induced during a variety of infections. Some pathogens may subvert this response to promote infection through manipulation of NOD1/2 responses to ER stress that lead to apoptosis. Here, we review NOD1/2 stimuli and cellular responses. Furthermore, we discuss pathogen-induced ER stress and how it might potentiate NOD1/2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K Kuss-Duerkop
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - A Marijke Keestra-Gounder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu J, Wang Y, Wei Y, Xu Z, Tan X, Wu Z, Zheng J, Liu GD, Cao Y, Xue C. Disulfide isomerase ERp57 improves the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 influenza virus hemagglutinin. Virol J 2020; 17:55. [PMID: 32316996 PMCID: PMC7175539 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemagglutinin (HA), as the surface immunogenic protein, is the most important component of influenza viruses. Previous studies showed that the stability of HA was significant for HA's immunogenicity, and many efforts have been made to stabilize the expressed HA proteins. METHODS In this study, the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) were investigated for the ability to improve the stability of HA protein. Two members of the PDIs family, PDI and ERp57, were over-expressed or down-expressed in 293 T cells. The expression of H3 HA and PDIs were investigated by real-time qPCR, western-blot, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry. The stability of HA was investigated by western-blot under non-reducing condition. Moreover, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously twice with the vaccine that contained HA proteins from the ERp57-overexpressed and conventional 293 T cells respectively to investigate the impact of ERp57 on the immunogenicity of H3N2 HA. RESULTS The percentage of the disulfide-bonded HA trimers increased significantly in the PDIs-overexpressed 293 T cells, and ERp57 was more valid to the stability of HA than PDI. The knockdown of ERp57 by small interfering RNA significantly decreased the percentage of the disulfide-bonded HA trimers. HA proteins from ERp57-overexpressed 293 T cells stimulated the mice to generate significantly higher HA-specific IgG against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses than those from the conventional cells. The mice receiving H3 HA from ERp57-overexpressed 293 T cells showed the better resistance against H1N1 viruses and the higher survival rate than the mice receiving H3 HA from the conventional cells. CONCLUSION ERp57 could improve the stability and immunogenicity of H3N2 HA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - George Dacai Liu
- Firstline Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, 12050 167th PL NE, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chamberlain N, Anathy V. Pathological consequences of the unfolded protein response and downstream protein disulphide isomerases in pulmonary viral infection and disease. J Biochem 2020; 167:173-184. [PMID: 31790139 PMCID: PMC6988748 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exists in a delicate balance; perturbations of this balance can overload the folding capacity of the ER and disruptions of ER homoeostasis is implicated in numerous diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR), a complex adaptive stress response, attempts to restore normal proteostasis, in part, through the up-regulation of various foldases and chaperone proteins including redox-active protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). There are currently over 20 members of the PDI family each consisting of varying numbers of thioredoxin-like domains which, generally, assist in oxidative folding and disulphide bond rearrangement of peptides. While there is a large amount of redundancy in client proteins of the various PDIs, the size of the family would indicate more nuanced roles for the individual PDIs. However, the role of individual PDIs in disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The following review briefly discusses recent findings of ER stress, the UPR and the role of individual PDIs in various respiratory disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sicari D, Igbaria A, Chevet E. Control of Protein Homeostasis in the Early Secretory Pathway: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E1347. [PMID: 31671908 PMCID: PMC6912474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Discrimination between properly folded proteins and those that do not reach this state is necessary for cells to achieve functionality. Eukaryotic cells have evolved several mechanisms to ensure secretory protein quality control, which allows efficiency and fidelity in protein production. Among the actors involved in such process, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex play prominent roles in protein synthesis, biogenesis and secretion. ER and Golgi functions ensure that only properly folded proteins are allowed to flow through the secretory pathway while improperly folded proteins have to be eliminated to not impinge on cellular functions. Thus, complex quality control and degradation machineries are crucial to prevent the toxic accumulation of improperly folded proteins. However, in some instances, improperly folded proteins can escape the quality control systems thereby contributing to several human diseases. Herein, we summarize how the early secretory pathways copes with the accumulation of improperly folded proteins, and how insufficient handling can cause the development of several human diseases. Finally, we detail the genetic and pharmacologic approaches that could be used as potential therapeutic tools to treat these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sicari
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Chevet
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsusaki M, Kanemura S, Kinoshita M, Lee YH, Inaba K, Okumura M. The Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family: from proteostasis to pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129338. [PMID: 30986509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, nearly one-third of proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they undergo oxidative folding and chaperoning assisted by approximately 20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs). PDIs consist of multiple thioredoxin-like domains and recognize a wide variety of proteins via highly conserved interdomain flexibility. Although PDIs have been studied intensely for almost 50 years, exactly how they maintain protein homeostasis in the ER remains unknown, and is important not only for fundamental biological understanding but also for protein misfolding- and aggregation-related pathophysiology. Herein, we review recent advances in structural biology and biophysical approaches that explore the underlying mechanism by which PDIs fulfil their distinct functions to promote productive protein folding and scavenge misfolded proteins in the ER, the primary factory for efficient production of the secretome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Misaki Kinoshita
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28199, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chamberlain N, Korwin-Mihavics BR, Nakada EM, Bruno SR, Heppner DE, Chapman DG, Hoffman SM, van der Vliet A, Suratt BT, Dienz O, Alcorn JF, Anathy V. Lung epithelial protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) plays an important role in influenza infection, inflammation, and airway mechanics. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101129. [PMID: 30735910 PMCID: PMC6365984 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are a family of redox chaperones that catalyze formation or isomerization of disulfide bonds in proteins. Previous studies have shown that one member, PDIA3, interacts with influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA), and this interaction is required for efficient oxidative folding of HA in vitro. However, it is unknown whether these host-viral protein interactions occur during active infection and whether such interactions represent a putative target for the treatment of influenza infection. Here we show that PDIA3 is specifically upregulated in IAV-infected mouse or human lung epithelial cells and PDIA3 directly interacts with IAV-HA. Treatment with a PDI inhibitor, LOC14 inhibited PDIA3 activity in lung epithelial cells, decreased intramolecular disulfide bonds and subsequent oligomerization (maturation) of HA in both H1N1 (A/PR8/34) and H3N2 (X31, A/Aichi/68) infected lung epithelial cells. These reduced disulfide bond formation significantly decreased viral burden, and also pro-inflammatory responses from lung epithelial cells. Lung epithelial-specific deletion of PDIA3 in mice resulted in a significant decrease in viral burden and lung inflammatory-immune markers upon IAV infection, as well as significantly improved airway mechanics. Taken together, these results indicate that PDIA3 is required for effective influenza pathogenesis in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of PDIs represents a promising new anti-influenza therapeutic strategy during pandemic and severe influenza seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Bethany R Korwin-Mihavics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Emily M Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sierra R Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Translational Airways Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sidra M Hoffman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Benjamin T Suratt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Oliver Dienz
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forrester A, De Leonibus C, Grumati P, Fasana E, Piemontese M, Staiano L, Fregno I, Raimondi A, Marazza A, Bruno G, Iavazzo M, Intartaglia D, Seczynska M, van Anken E, Conte I, De Matteis MA, Dikic I, Molinari M, Settembre C. A selective ER-phagy exerts procollagen quality control via a Calnexin-FAM134B complex. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899847. [PMID: 30559329 PMCID: PMC6331724 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cytosolic quality control process that recognizes substrates through receptor‐mediated mechanisms. Procollagens, the most abundant gene products in Metazoa, are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a fraction that fails to attain the native structure is cleared by autophagy. However, how autophagy selectively recognizes misfolded procollagens in the ER lumen is still unknown. We performed siRNA interference, CRISPR‐Cas9 or knockout‐mediated gene deletion of candidate autophagy and ER proteins in collagen producing cells. We found that the ER‐resident lectin chaperone Calnexin (CANX) and the ER‐phagy receptor FAM134B are required for autophagy‐mediated quality control of endogenous procollagens. Mechanistically, CANX acts as co‐receptor that recognizes ER luminal misfolded procollagens and interacts with the ER‐phagy receptor FAM134B. In turn, FAM134B binds the autophagosome membrane‐associated protein LC3 and delivers a portion of ER containing both CANX and procollagen to the lysosome for degradation. Thus, a crosstalk between the ER quality control machinery and the autophagy pathway selectively disposes of proteasome‐resistant misfolded clients from the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Forrester
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Grumati
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elisa Fasana
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fregno
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marazza
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Iavazzo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Marta Seczynska
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland .,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy .,Department of Medical and Translational Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fregno I, Fasana E, Bergmann TJ, Raimondi A, Loi M, Soldà T, Galli C, D'Antuono R, Morone D, Danieli A, Paganetti P, van Anken E, Molinari M. ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation of proteasome-resistant ATZ polymers occurs via receptor-mediated vesicular transport. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99259. [PMID: 30076131 PMCID: PMC6120659 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular proteostasis relies on efficient clearance of defective gene products. For misfolded secretory proteins, this involves dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the cytosol followed by proteasomal degradation. However, polypeptide aggregation prevents cytosolic dislocation and instead activates ill-defined lysosomal catabolic pathways. Here, we describe an ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation pathway (ERLAD) for proteasome-resistant polymers of alpha1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ). ERLAD involves the ER-chaperone calnexin (CNX) and the engagement of the LC3 lipidation machinery by the ER-resident ER-phagy receptor FAM134B, echoing the initiation of starvation-induced, receptor-mediated ER-phagy. However, in striking contrast to ER-phagy, ATZ polymer delivery from the ER lumen to LAMP1/RAB7-positive endolysosomes for clearance does not require ER capture within autophagosomes. Rather, it relies on vesicular transport where single-membrane, ER-derived, ATZ-containing vesicles release their luminal content within endolysosomes upon membrane:membrane fusion events mediated by the ER-resident SNARE STX17 and the endolysosomal SNARE VAMP8. These results may help explain the lack of benefits of pharmacologic macroautophagy enhancement that has been reported for some luminal aggregopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fregno
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Fasana
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Timothy J Bergmann
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Loi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Soldà
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carmela Galli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Danieli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The reductase TMX1 contributes to ERAD by preferentially acting on membrane-associated folding-defective polypeptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:938-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
21
|
Nitazoxanide inhibits paramyxovirus replication by targeting the Fusion protein folding: role of glycoprotein-specific thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10425. [PMID: 29992955 PMCID: PMC6041319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviridae, a large family of enveloped viruses harboring a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome, include important human pathogens as measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses, and henipaviruses, which cause some of the deadliest emerging zoonoses. There is no effective antiviral chemotherapy for most of these pathogens. Paramyxoviruses evolved a sophisticated membrane-fusion machine consisting of receptor-binding proteins and the fusion F-protein, critical for virus infectivity. Herein we identify the antiprotozoal/antimicrobial nitazoxanide as a potential anti-paramyxovirus drug targeting the F-protein. We show that nitazoxanide and its circulating-metabolite tizoxanide act at post-entry level by provoking Sendai virus and RSV F-protein aggregate formation, halting F-trafficking to the host plasma membrane. F-protein folding depends on ER-resident glycoprotein-specific thiol-oxidoreductase ERp57 for correct disulfide-bond architecture. We found that tizoxanide behaves as an ERp57 non-competitive inhibitor; the putative drug binding-site was located at the ERp57-b/b′ non-catalytic domains interface. ERp57-silencing mimicked thiazolide-induced F-protein alterations, suggesting an important role of this foldase in thiazolides anti-paramyxovirus activity. Nitazoxanide is used in the clinic as a safe and effective antiprotozoal/antimicrobial drug; its antiviral activity was shown in patients infected with hepatitis-C virus, rotavirus and influenza viruses. Our results now suggest that nitazoxanide may be effective also against paramyxovirus infection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim Y, Chang KO. Protein disulfide isomerases as potential therapeutic targets for influenza A and B viruses. Virus Res 2018; 247:26-33. [PMID: 29382552 PMCID: PMC5831498 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal flu as well as potential pandemic flu outbreaks continuously underscores the importance of the preventive and therapeutic measures against influenza viruses. During screening of natural and synthetic small molecules against influenza A and B virus, we identified juniferdin as a highly effective inhibitor against both viruses in cells. Since juniferdin is known to inhibit protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), multiple PDI inhibitors were tested against these viruses. Among PDI inhibitors, 16F16, PACMA31, isoquercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate or nitazoxanide significantly reduced the replication of influenza A and B viruses in MDCK and A549 cells. Furthermore, siRNAs specific to three PDI family members (PDI1, PDIA3 or PDIA4) also significantly reduced the replication of influenza A and B viruses in cells. These results suggest that PDIs may serve as excellent targets for the development of new anti-influenza drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parakh S, Jagaraj CJ, Vidal M, Ragagnin AMG, Perri ER, Konopka A, Toth RP, Galper J, Blair IP, Thomas CJ, Walker AK, Yang S, Spencer DM, Atkin JD. ERp57 is protective against mutant SOD1-induced cellular pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1311-1331. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Emma R Perri
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Anna Konopka
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Reka P Toth
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmin Galper
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Colleen J Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Damian M Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Delaunay-Moisan A, Ponsero A, Toledano MB. Reexamining the Function of Glutathione in Oxidative Protein Folding and Secretion. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1178-1199. [PMID: 28791880 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Disturbance of glutathione (GSH) metabolism is a hallmark of numerous diseases, yet GSH functions are poorly understood. One key to this question is to consider its functional compartmentation. GSH is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it competes with substrates for oxidation by the oxidative folding machinery, composed in eukaryotes of the thiol oxidase Ero1 and proteins from the disulfide isomerase family (protein disulfide isomerase). Yet, whether GSH is required for proper ER oxidative protein folding is a highly debated question. Recent Advances: Oxidative protein folding has been thoroughly dissected over the past decades, and its actors and their mode of action elucidated. Genetically encoded GSH probes have recently provided an access to subcellular redox metabolism, including the ER. CRITICAL ISSUES Of the few often-contradictory models of the role of GSH in the ER, the most popular suggest it serves as reducing power. Yet, as a reductant, GSH also activates Ero1, which questions how GSH can nevertheless support protein reduction. Hence, whether GSH operates in the ER as a reductant, an oxidant, or just as a "blank" compound mirroring ER/periplasm redox activity is a highly debated question, which is further stimulated by the puzzling occurrence of GSH in the Escherichia coli periplasmic "secretory" compartment, aside from the Dsb thiol-reducing and oxidase pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Addressing the mechanisms controlling GSH traffic in and out of the ER/periplasm and its recycling will help address GSH function in secretion. In addition, as thioredoxin reductase was recently implicated in ER oxidative protein folding, the relative contribution of each of these two reducing pathways should now be addressed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1178-1199.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alise Ponsero
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bechtel TJ, Weerapana E. From structure to redox: The diverse functional roles of disulfides and implications in disease. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28044432 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functional roles of disulfide bonds and their relevance to human disease. The critical roles of disulfide bonds in protein structure stabilization and redox regulation of protein activity are addressed. Disulfide bonds are essential to the structural stability of many proteins within the secretory pathway and can exist as intramolecular or inter-domain disulfides. The proper formation of these bonds often relies on folding chaperones and oxidases such as members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. Many of the PDI family members catalyze disulfide-bond formation, reduction, and isomerization through redox-active disulfides and perturbed PDI activity is characteristic of carcinomas and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to catalytic function in oxidoreductases, redox-active disulfides are also found on a diverse array of cellular proteins and act to regulate protein activity and localization in response to oxidative changes in the local environment. These redox-active disulfides are either dynamic intramolecular protein disulfides or mixed disulfides with small-molecule thiols generating glutathionylation and cysteinylation adducts. The oxidation and reduction of redox-active disulfides are mediated by cellular reactive oxygen species and activity of reductases, such as glutaredoxin and thioredoxin. Dysregulation of cellular redox conditions and resulting changes in mixed disulfide formation are directly linked to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Bechtel
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vu KV, Nguyen NT, Jeong CY, Lee YH, Lee H, Hong SW. Systematic deletion of the ER lectin chaperone genes reveals their roles in vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:972-983. [PMID: 27888524 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are homologous lectin chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitate glycoprotein folding and retain folding intermediates to prevent their transit via the secretary pathway. The Arabidopsis genome has two CNX (CNX1 and CNX2) and three CRT (CRT1, CRT2 and CRT3) homologs. Despite growing evidence of the biological roles of CNXs and CRTs, little is understood about their function in Arabidopsis growth and development under normal conditions. Here, we report that the deletion of CNX1, but not of CNX2, in the crt1 crt2 crt3 triple mutation background had an adverse effect on pollen viability and pollen tube growth, leading to a significant reduction in fertility. The cnx1 crt1 crt2 crt3 quadruple mutation also conferred severe defects in growth and development, including a shortened primary root, increased root hair length and density, and reduced plant height. Disruption of all five members of the CNX/CRT family was revealed to be lethal. Finally, the abnormal phenotype of the cnx1 crt1 crt2 crt3 quadruple mutants was completely rescued by either the CNX1 or CNX2 cDNA under the control of the CNX1 promoter, suggesting functional redundancy between CNX1 and CNX2. Taken together, these results provide genetic evidence that CNX and CRT play essential and overlapping roles during vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kien Van Vu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ngoc Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwa Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Bioenergy Crop Research Center, Muan, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miller JL, Spiro SG, Dowall SD, Taylor I, Rule A, Alonzi DS, Sayce AC, Wright E, Bentley EM, Thom R, Hall G, Dwek RA, Hewson R, Zitzmann N. Minimal In Vivo Efficacy of Iminosugars in a Lethal Ebola Virus Guinea Pig Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167018. [PMID: 27880800 PMCID: PMC5120828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral properties of iminosugars have been reported previously in vitro and in small animal models against Ebola virus (EBOV); however, their effects have not been tested in larger animal models such as guinea pigs. We tested the iminosugars N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) and N-(9-methoxynonyl)-1deoxynojirimycin (MON-DNJ) for safety in uninfected animals, and for antiviral efficacy in animals infected with a lethal dose of guinea pig adapted EBOV. 1850 mg/kg/day NB-DNJ and 120 mg/kg/day MON-DNJ administered intravenously, three times daily, caused no adverse effects and were well tolerated. A pilot study treating infected animals three times within an 8 hour period was promising with 1 of 4 infected NB-DNJ treated animals surviving and the remaining three showing improved clinical signs. MON-DNJ showed no protective effects when EBOV-infected guinea pigs were treated. On histopathological examination, animals treated with NB-DNJ had reduced lesion severity in liver and spleen. However, a second study, in which NB-DNJ was administered at equally-spaced 8 hour intervals, could not confirm drug-associated benefits. Neither was any antiviral effect of iminosugars detected in an EBOV glycoprotein pseudotyped virus assay. Overall, this study provides evidence that NB-DNJ and MON-DNJ do not protect guinea pigs from a lethal EBOV-infection at the dose levels and regimens tested. However, the one surviving animal and signs of improvements in three animals of the NB-DNJ treated cohort could indicate that NB-DNJ at these levels may have a marginal beneficial effect. Future work could be focused on the development of more potent iminosugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Miller
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JLM)
| | - Simon G. Spiro
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Taylor
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Rule
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Sayce
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma M. Bentley
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Thom
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Hall
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Antiviral Research Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JLM)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fumagalli F, Noack J, Bergmann T, Cebollero E, Pisoni G, Fasana E, Fregno I, Galli C, Loi M, Soldà T, D’Antuono R, Raimondi A, Jung M, Melnyk A, Schorr S, Schreiber A, Simonelli L, Varani L, Wilson-Zbinden C, Zerbe O, Hofmann K, Peter M, Quadroni M, Zimmermann R, Molinari M. Translocon component Sec62 acts in endoplasmic reticulum turnover during stress recovery. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1173-1184. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
29
|
Protein disulfide isomerases in the endoplasmic reticulum promote anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:241-252. [PMID: 27161215 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cells are exposed to stress of detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cultured breast cancer cells that survive this stress and are capable of anchorage-independent proliferation form mammospheres. The purpose of this study was to explore a link between mammosphere growth, ECM gene expression, and the protein quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We compared the mRNA and protein levels of ER folding factors in SUM159PT and MCF10DCIS.com breast cancer cells grown as mammospheres versus adherent conditions. Publicly available gene expression data for mammospheres formed by primary breast cancer cells and for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were analyzed to assess the status of ECM/ER folding factor genes in clinically relevant samples. Knock-down of selected protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members was performed to examine their roles in SUM159PT mammosphere growth. We found that cells grown as mammospheres had elevated expression of ECM genes and ER folding quality control genes. CTC gene expression data for an index patient indicated that upregulation of ECM and ER folding factor genes occurred at the time of acquired therapy resistance and disease progression. Knock-down of PDI, ERp44, or ERp57, three members of the PDI family with elevated protein levels in mammospheres, in SUM159PT cells partially inhibited the mammosphere growth. Thus, breast cancer cell survival and growth under detachment conditions require enhanced assistance of the ER protein folding machinery. Targeting ER folding factors, in particular members of the PDI family, may improve the therapeutic outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ellgaard L, McCaul N, Chatsisvili A, Braakman I. Co- and Post-Translational Protein Folding in the ER. Traffic 2016; 17:615-38. [PMID: 26947578 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical rules that govern folding of small, single-domain proteins in dilute solutions are now quite well understood. The mechanisms underlying co-translational folding of multidomain and membrane-spanning proteins in complex cellular environments are often less clear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces a plethora of membrane and secretory proteins, which must fold and assemble correctly before ER exit - if these processes fail, misfolded species accumulate in the ER or are degraded. The ER differs from other cellular organelles in terms of the physicochemical environment and the variety of ER-specific protein modifications. Here, we review chaperone-assisted co- and post-translational folding and assembly in the ER and underline the influence of protein modifications on these processes. We emphasize how method development has helped advance the field by allowing researchers to monitor the progression of folding as it occurs inside living cells, while at the same time probing the intricate relationship between protein modifications during folding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas McCaul
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chatsisvili
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Berberine-induced changes in protein expression and antioxidant enzymes in melanoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a vertebrate secretory protein synthesized in the thyrocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it acquires N-linked glycosylation and conformational maturation (including formation of many disulfide bonds), leading to homodimerization. Its primary functions include iodide storage and thyroid hormonogenesis. Tg consists largely of repeating domains, and many tyrosyl residues in these domains become iodinated to form monoiodo- and diiodotyrosine, whereas only a small portion of Tg structure is dedicated to hormone formation. Interestingly, evolutionary ancestors, dependent upon thyroid hormone for development, synthesize thyroid hormones without the complete Tg protein architecture. Nevertheless, in all vertebrates, Tg follows a strict pattern of region I, II-III, and the cholinesterase-like (ChEL) domain. In vertebrates, Tg first undergoes intracellular transport through the secretory pathway, which requires the assistance of thyrocyte ER chaperones and oxidoreductases, as well as coordination of distinct regions of Tg, to achieve a native conformation. Curiously, regions II-III and ChEL behave as fully independent folding units that could function as successful secretory proteins by themselves. However, the large Tg region I (bearing the primary T4-forming site) is incompetent by itself for intracellular transport, requiring the downstream regions II-III and ChEL to complete its folding. A combination of nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, splice site mutations, and missense mutations in Tg occurs spontaneously to cause congenital hypothyroidism and thyroidal ER stress. These Tg mutants are unable to achieve a native conformation within the ER, interfering with the efficiency of Tg maturation and export to the thyroid follicle lumen for iodide storage and hormonogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Di Jeso
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Peter Arvan
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lamriben L, Graham JB, Adams BM, Hebert DN. N-Glycan-based ER Molecular Chaperone and Protein Quality Control System: The Calnexin Binding Cycle. Traffic 2016; 17:308-26. [PMID: 26676362 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helenius and colleagues proposed over 20-years ago a paradigm-shifting model for how chaperone binding in the endoplasmic reticulum was mediated and controlled for a new type of molecular chaperone- the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin. While the originally established basics for this lectin chaperone binding cycle holds true today, there has been a number of important advances that have expanded our understanding of its mechanisms of action, role in protein homeostasis, and its connection to disease states that are highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lamriben
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jill B Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin M Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou J, Wu Y, Wang L, Rauova L, Hayes VM, Poncz M, Essex DW. The C-terminal CGHC motif of protein disulfide isomerase supports thrombosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4391-406. [PMID: 26529254 DOI: 10.1172/jci80319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has two distinct CGHC redox-active sites; however, the contribution of these sites during different physiologic reactions, including thrombosis, is unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of PDI and redox-active sites of PDI in thrombosis by generating mice with blood cells and vessel wall cells lacking PDI (Mx1-Cre Pdifl/fl mice) and transgenic mice harboring PDI that lacks a functional C-terminal CGHC motif [PDI(ss-oo) mice]. Both mouse models showed decreased fibrin deposition and platelet accumulation in laser-induced cremaster arteriole injury, and PDI(ss-oo) mice had attenuated platelet accumulation in FeCl3-induced mesenteric arterial injury. These defects were rescued by infusion of recombinant PDI containing only a functional C-terminal CGHC motif [PDI(oo-ss)]. PDI infusion restored fibrin formation, but not platelet accumulation, in eptifibatide-treated wild-type mice, suggesting a direct role of PDI in coagulation. In vitro aggregation of platelets from PDI(ss-oo) mice and PDI-null platelets was reduced; however, this defect was rescued by recombinant PDI(oo-ss). In human platelets, recombinant PDI(ss-oo) inhibited aggregation, while recombinant PDI(oo-ss) potentiated aggregation. Platelet secretion assays demonstrated that the C-terminal CGHC motif of PDI is important for P-selectin expression and ATP secretion through a non-αIIbβ3 substrate. In summary, our results indicate that the C-terminal CGHC motif of PDI is important for platelet function and coagulation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Pisoni GB, Ruddock LW, Bulleid N, Molinari M. Division of labor among oxidoreductases: TMX1 preferentially acts on transmembrane polypeptides. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3390-400. [PMID: 26246604 PMCID: PMC4591685 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ER contains 23 members of the PDI superfamily. Their substrate specificity is largely unknown. TMX1 shows a preference for membrane-bound, cysteine-containing polypeptides. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of maturation for secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. The lumen of the mammalian ER contains >20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) superfamily, which ensure formation of the correct set of intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds as crucial, rate-limiting reactions of the protein folding process. Components of the PDI superfamily may also facilitate dislocation of misfolded polypeptides across the ER membrane for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The reasons for the high redundancy of PDI family members and the substrate features required for preferential engagement of one or the other are poorly understood. Here we show that TMX1, one of the few transmembrane members of the family, forms functional complexes with the ER lectin calnexin and preferentially intervenes during maturation of cysteine-containing, membrane-associated proteins while ignoring the same cysteine-containing ectodomains if not anchored at the ER membrane. As such, TMX1 is the first example of a topology-specific client protein redox catalyst in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Brambilla Pisoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Neil Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Torres M, Medinas DB, Matamala JM, Woehlbier U, Cornejo VH, Solda T, Andreu C, Rozas P, Matus S, Muñoz N, Vergara C, Cartier L, Soto C, Molinari M, Hetz C. The Protein-disulfide Isomerase ERp57 Regulates the Steady-state Levels of the Prion Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23631-45. [PMID: 26170458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the accumulation of a misfolded and protease-resistant form of the prion protein (PrP) is a key event in prion pathogenesis, the cellular factors involved in its folding and quality control are poorly understood. PrP is a glycosylated and disulfide-bonded protein synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER foldase ERp57 (also known as Grp58) is highly expressed in the brain of sporadic and infectious forms of prion-related disorders. ERp57 is a disulfide isomerase involved in the folding of a subset of glycoproteins in the ER as part of the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Here, we show that levels of ERp57 increase mainly in neurons of Creutzfeldt-Jacob patients. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches in cell culture, we demonstrate that ERp57 expression controls the maturation and total levels of wild-type PrP and mutant forms associated with human disease. In addition, we found that PrP physically interacts with ERp57, and also with the closest family member PDIA1, but not ERp72. Furthermore, we generated a conditional knock-out mouse for ERp57 in the nervous system and detected a reduction in the steady-state levels of the mono- and nonglycosylated forms of PrP in the brain. In contrast, ERp57 transgenic mice showed increased levels of endogenous PrP. Unexpectedly, ERp57 expression did not affect the susceptibility of cells to ER stress in vitro and in vivo. This study identifies ERp57 as a new modulator of PrP levels and may help with understanding the consequences of ERp57 up-regulation observed in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Torres
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - José Manuel Matamala
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Víctor Hugo Cornejo
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Tatiana Solda
- the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Andreu
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo Rozas
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Soledad Matus
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, CENPAR, Santiago 7630614, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, CENPAR, Santiago 7630614, Chile
| | - Carmen Vergara
- the Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | - Luis Cartier
- the Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | - Claudio Soto
- the Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona CH6500, Switzerland, the Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano CH6900, Switzerland, the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne CH1015, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Hetz
- From the Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile, the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parakh S, Atkin JD. Novel roles for protein disulphide isomerase in disease states: a double edged sword? Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:30. [PMID: 26052512 PMCID: PMC4439577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional redox chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since it was first discovered 40 years ago the functions ascribed to PDI have evolved significantly and recent studies have recognized its distinct functions, with adverse as well as protective effects in disease. Furthermore, post translational modifications of PDI abrogate its normal functional roles in specific disease states. This review focusses on recent studies that have identified novel functions for PDI relevant to specific diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tannous A, Pisoni GB, Hebert DN, Molinari M. N-linked sugar-regulated protein folding and quality control in the ER. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 41:79-89. [PMID: 25534658 PMCID: PMC4474783 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) are displayed on the majority of proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Removal of the outermost glucose residue recruits the lectin chaperone malectin possibly involved in a first triage of defective polypeptides. Removal of a second glucose promotes engagement of folding and quality control machineries built around the ER lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) and including oxidoreductases and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. Deprivation of the last glucose residue dictates the release of N-glycosylated polypeptides from the lectin chaperones. Correctly folded proteins are authorized to leave the ER. Non-native polypeptides are recognized by the ER quality control key player UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1), re-glucosylated and re-addressed to the CNX/CRT chaperone binding cycle to provide additional opportunity for the protein to fold in the ER. Failure to attain the native structure determines the selection of the misfolded polypeptides for proteasome-mediated degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abla Tannous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jheng JR, Ho JY, Horng JT. ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:388. [PMID: 25140166 PMCID: PMC4122171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the cell survives or dies. In recent years, ongoing research has suggested that these pathways may be linked to the autophagic response, which plays a key role in the cell's response to various stressors. Autophagy performs a self-digestion function, and its activation protects cells against certain pathogens. However, the link between the UPR and autophagy may be more complicated. These two systems may act dependently, or the induction of one system may interfere with the other. Experimental studies have found that different viruses modulate these mechanisms to allow them to escape the host immune response or, worse, to exploit the host's defense to their advantage; thus, this topic is a critical area in antiviral research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about how RNA viruses, including influenza virus, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis C virus, and dengue virus, regulate these processes. We also discuss recent discoveries and how these will produce novel strategies for antiviral treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Jheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Kweishan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Kweishan, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Kweishan, Taiwan ; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University Kweishan, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kweishan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stocki P, Chapman DC, Beach LA, Williams DB. Depletion of cyclophilins B and C leads to dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23086-23096. [PMID: 24990953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum is assisted by molecular chaperones and folding catalysts that include members of the protein-disulfide isomerase and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase families. In this report, we examined the contributions of the cyclophilin subset of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases to protein folding and identified cyclophilin C as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cyclophilin in addition to cyclophilin B. Using albumin and transferrin as models of cis-proline-containing proteins in human hepatoma cells, we found that combined knockdown of cyclophilins B and C delayed transferrin secretion but surprisingly resulted in more efficient oxidative folding and secretion of albumin. Examination of the oxidation status of ER protein-disulfide isomerase family members revealed a shift to a more oxidized state. This was accompanied by a >5-fold elevation in the ratio of oxidized to total glutathione. This "hyperoxidation" phenotype could be duplicated by incubating cells with the cyclophilin inhibitor cyclosporine A, a treatment that triggered efficient ER depletion of cyclophilins B and C by inducing their secretion to the medium. To identify the pathway responsible for ER hyperoxidation, we individually depleted several enzymes that are known or suspected to deliver oxidizing equivalents to the ER: Ero1αβ, VKOR, PRDX4, or QSOX1. Remarkably, none of these enzymes contributed to the elevated oxidized to total glutathione ratio induced by cyclosporine A treatment. These findings establish cyclophilin C as an ER cyclophilin, demonstrate the novel involvement of cyclophilins B and C in ER redox homeostasis, and suggest the existence of an additional ER oxidative pathway that is modulated by ER cyclophilins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Stocki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel C Chapman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lori A Beach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David B Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Di Jeso B, Morishita Y, Treglia AS, Lofrumento DD, Nicolardi G, Beguinot F, Kellogg AP, Arvan P. Transient covalent interactions of newly synthesized thyroglobulin with oxidoreductases of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11488-11496. [PMID: 24599957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized thyroglobulin (Tg), the thyroid prohormone, forms detectable high molecular weight mixed disulfide adducts: until now, only Tg "adduct B" was identified as primarily engaging the endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductases ERp57 and protein disulfide isomerase. Here, we demonstrate that the faster migrating Tg adduct C primarily engages the CaBP1/P5 oxidoreductase, whereas the slower migrating Tg adduct A primarily engages ERp72. Upon siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaBP1/P5 or ERp72, adducts C or A, respectively, are decreased. Within the three Tg adduct bands that do not exhibit a precursor-product relationship, Tg exhibits distinct oxidation patterns. We present evidence suggesting that disulfide maturation occurs within Tg monomers engaged in each of the adduct bands. Moreover, the same Tg substrate molecules can form simultaneous mixed disulfides with both CaBP1/P5 and protein disulfide isomerase, although these are generally viewed as components of distinct oxidoreductase-chaperone protein complexes. Such substrate-oxidoreductase combinations offer Tg the potential for simultaneous oxidative maturation along different parallel tracks leading to the native state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Di Jeso
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy,.
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Antonella S Treglia
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario D Lofrumento
- Laboratorio di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita' del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy, and
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Laboratorio di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita' del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy, and
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali e Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aaron P Kellogg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105,.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eletto D, Eletto D, Dersh D, Gidalevitz T, Argon Y. Protein disulfide isomerase A6 controls the decay of IRE1α signaling via disulfide-dependent association. Mol Cell 2014; 53:562-576. [PMID: 24508390 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress relies on activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) sensors, and the outcome of the UPR depends on the duration and strength of signal. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism that attenuates the activity of the UPR sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). A resident ER protein disulfide isomerase, PDIA6, limits the duration of IRE1α activity by direct binding to cysteine 148 in the lumenal domain of the sensor, which is oxidized when IRE1 is activated. PDIA6-deficient cells hyperrespond to ER stress with sustained autophosphorylation of IRE1α and splicing of XBP1 mRNA, resulting in exaggerated upregulation of UPR target genes and increased apoptosis. In vivo, PDIA6-deficient C. elegans exhibits constitutive UPR and fails to complete larval development, a program that normally requires the UPR. Thus, PDIA6 activity provides a mechanism that limits UPR signaling and maintains it within a physiologically appropriate range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Eletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Devin Dersh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Halloran M, Parakh S, Atkin JD. The role of s-nitrosylation and s-glutathionylation of protein disulphide isomerase in protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:797914. [PMID: 24348565 PMCID: PMC3852308 DOI: 10.1155/2013/797914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive loss of neurons, and a pathological hallmark is the presence of abnormal inclusions containing misfolded proteins. Although the precise molecular mechanisms triggering neurodegeneration remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, and protein misfolding are important features in pathogenesis. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is the prototype of a family of molecular chaperones and foldases upregulated during ER stress that are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. PDI catalyzes the rearrangement and formation of disulphide bonds, thus facilitating protein folding, and in neurodegeneration may act to ameliorate the burden of protein misfolding. However, an aberrant posttranslational modification of PDI, S-nitrosylation, inhibits its protective function in these conditions. S-nitrosylation is a redox-mediated modification that regulates protein function by covalent addition of nitric oxide- (NO-) containing groups to cysteine residues. Here, we discuss the evidence for abnormal S-nitrosylation of PDI (SNO-PDI) in neurodegeneration and how this may be linked to another aberrant modification of PDI, S-glutathionylation. Understanding the role of aberrant S-nitrosylation/S-glutathionylation of PDI in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases may provide insights into novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Halloran
- Department of Neuroscience in the School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - S. Parakh
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - J. D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gidalevitz T, Stevens F, Argon Y. Orchestration of secretory protein folding by ER chaperones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:2410-24. [PMID: 23507200 PMCID: PMC3729627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a major compartment of protein biogenesis in the cell, dedicated to production of secretory, membrane and organelle proteins. The secretome has distinct structural and post-translational characteristics, since folding in the ER occurs in an environment that is distinct in terms of its ionic composition, dynamics and requirements for quality control. The folding machinery in the ER therefore includes chaperones and folding enzymes that introduce, monitor and react to disulfide bonds, glycans, and fluctuations of luminal calcium. We describe the major chaperone networks in the lumen and discuss how they have distinct modes of operation that enable cells to accomplish highly efficient production of the secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Drexel University, 418 Papadakis Integrated Science Bldg, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Yair Argon
- Division of Cell Pathology, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, , Phone: 267-426-5131, Fax: 267-426-5165)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Platelet-derived ERp57 mediates platelet incorporation into a growing thrombus by regulation of the αIIbβ3 integrin. Blood 2013; 122:3642-50. [PMID: 24030382 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-506691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet protein disulfide isomerase called ERp57 mediates platelet aggregation, but its role in thrombus formation is unknown. To determine the specific role of platelet-derived ERp57 in hemostasis and thrombosis, we generated a megakaryocyte/platelet-specific knockout. Despite normal platelet counts and platelet glycoprotein expression, mice with ERp57-deficient platelets had prolonged tail-bleeding times and thrombus occlusion times with FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury. Using a mesenteric artery thrombosis model, we found decreased incorporation of ERp57-deficient platelets into a growing thrombus. Platelets lacking ERp57 have defective activation of the αIIbβ3 integrin and platelet aggregation. The defect in aggregation was corrected by the addition of exogenous ERp57, implicating surface ERp57 in platelet aggregation. Using mutants of ERp57, we demonstrate the second active site targets a platelet surface substrate to potentiate platelet aggregation. Binding of Alexa 488-labeled ERp57 to thrombin-activated and Mn(2+)-treated platelets lacking β3 was decreased substantially, suggesting a direct interaction of ERp57 with αIIbβ3. Surface expression of ERp57 protein and activity in human platelets increased with platelet activation, with protein expression occurring in a physiologically relevant time frame. In conclusion, platelet-derived ERp57 directly interacts with αIIbβ3 during activation of this receptor and is required for incorporation of platelets into a growing thrombus.
Collapse
|
46
|
Matus S, Lopez E, Valenzuela V, Nassif M, Hetz C. Functional contribution of the transcription factor ATF4 to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66672. [PMID: 23874395 PMCID: PMC3715499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress represents an early pathological event in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ATF4 is a key ER stress transcription factor that plays a role in both adaptation to stress and the activation of apoptosis. Here we investigated the contribution of ATF4 to ALS. ATF4 deficiency reduced the rate of birth of SOD1G86R transgenic mice. The fraction of ATF4−/−-SOD1G85R transgenic mice that were born are more resistant to develop ALS, leading to delayed disease onset and prolonged life span. ATF4 deficiency completely attenuated the induction of pro-apoptotic genes, including BIM and CHOP, and also led to quantitative changes in the ER protein homeostasis network. Unexpectedly, ATF4 deficiency enhanced mutant SOD1 aggregation at the end stage of the disease. Studies in the motoneuron cell line NSC34 demonstrated that knocking down ATF4 enhances mutant SOD1 aggregation possibly due to alteration in the redox status of the cell. Our results support a functional role of ATF4 in ALS, offering a novel target for disease intervention.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
In this article, we will cover the folding of proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including the role of three types of covalent modifications: signal peptide removal, N-linked glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation, as well as the function and importance of resident ER folding factors. These folding factors consist of classical chaperones and their cochaperones, the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, and the folding catalysts of the PDI and proline cis-trans isomerase families. We will conclude with the perspective of the folding protein: a comparison of characteristics and folding and exit rates for proteins that travel through the ER as clients of the ER machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Andreu CI, Woehlbier U, Torres M, Hetz C. Protein disulfide isomerases in neurodegeneration: from disease mechanisms to biomedical applications. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2826-34. [PMID: 22828277 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are a family of foldases and chaperones primarily located at the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyze the formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds thereby facilitating protein folding. PDIs also perform important physiological functions in protein quality control, cell death, and cell signaling. Protein misfolding is involved in the etiology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Prion-related disorders, among others. Accumulating evidence indicate altered expression of PDIs as a prominent and common feature of these neurodegenerative conditions. Here we overview most recent advances in our understanding of the possible functional contribution of PDIs to neurodegeneration, depicting a complex and poorly understood scenario. Possible therapeutic benefits of targeting PDIs in a disease context and their use as biomarkers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Andreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Galligan JJ, Petersen DR. The human protein disulfide isomerase gene family. Hum Genomics 2012; 6:6. [PMID: 23245351 PMCID: PMC3500226 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated disulfide bond formation is a highly conserved process affecting over one-third of all eukaryotic proteins. The enzymes primarily responsible for facilitating thiol-disulfide exchange are members of an expanding family of proteins known as protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). These proteins are part of a larger superfamily of proteins known as the thioredoxin protein family (TRX). As members of the PDI family of proteins, all proteins contain a TRX-like structural domain and are predominantly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Subcellular localization and the presence of a TRX domain, however, comprise the short list of distinguishing features required for gene family classification. To date, the PDI gene family contains 21 members, varying in domain composition, molecular weight, tissue expression, and cellular processing. Given their vital role in protein-folding, loss of PDI activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of numerous disease states, most commonly related to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Over the past decade, UPR has become a very attractive therapeutic target for multiple pathologies including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, and type-2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of protein-folding, specifically thiol-disulfide exchange, may lead to development of a novel class of therapeutics that would help alleviate a wide range of diseases by targeting the UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oxidative processing of latent Fas in the endoplasmic reticulum controls the strength of apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3464-78. [PMID: 22751926 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00125-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that S-glutathionylation of the death receptor Fas (Fas-SSG) amplifies apoptosis (V. Anathy et al., J. Cell Biol. 184:241-252, 2009). In the present study, we demonstrate that distinct pools of Fas exist in cells. Upon ligation of surface Fas, a separate pool of latent Fas in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) underwent rapid oxidative processing characterized by the loss of free sulfhydryl content (Fas-SH) and resultant increases in S-glutathionylation of Cys294, leading to increases of surface Fas. Stimulation with FasL rapidly induced associations of Fas with ERp57 and glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP), a protein disulfide isomerase and catalyst of S-glutathionylation, respectively, in the ER. Knockdown or inhibition of ERp57 and GSTP1 substantially decreased FasL-induced oxidative processing and S-glutathionylation of Fas, resulting in decreased death-inducing signaling complex formation and caspase activity and enhanced survival. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was accompanied by increased interactions between Fas-ERp57-GSTP1 and S-glutathionylation of Fas. Importantly, fibrosis was largely prevented following short interfering RNA-mediated ablation of ERp57 and GSTP. Collectively, these findings illuminate a regulatory switch, a ligand-initiated oxidative processing of latent Fas, that controls the strength of apoptosis.
Collapse
|