1
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Chan K, Couture JF. Analyzing the impact of CFP1 mutational landscape on epigenetic signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21790. [PMID: 34320252 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100427r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CXXC Zinc finger protein 1 (CFP1) is a multitasking protein playing essential roles during various developmental processes. Its ability to interact with several proteins contribute to several epigenetic events. Here, we review CFP1's functions and its impact on DNA methylation and the post-translational modification of histone proteins such as lysine acetylation and methylation. We will also discuss the potential role of CFP1 in carcinogenesis and the impact of the mutations identified in patients suffering from various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidai Yang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yaqing Yang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kin Chan
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Couture
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Deficiency of CXXC finger protein 1 leads to small changes in heart rate but moderate epigenetic alterations and significant protein downregulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 4 (HCN4) ion channels in mice. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1780-1789. [PMID: 34182171 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The normal cardiac rhythm is generated in the sinoatrial node (SAN). Changes in ionic currents of the SAN may cause sinus arrhythmia. CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1) is an epigenetic regulator that is involved in transcriptional regulation of multiple genes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore whether Cfp1 controls SAN function through regulation of ion channel-related genes. METHODS Electrophysiological study, patch clamp recording, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, optical mapping, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the function of SAN and underlying mechanism on Cfp1 heterozygous knockout (Cfp1+/-) mice. RESULTS Heart rate was slower slightly and SAN recovery time was longer in Cfp1+/- mice than controls. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording showed that the firing rate of action potentials was reduced in Cfp1+/- mice. The density of If current was reduced by 66% in SAN cells of Cfp1+/- mice but the densities of ICa, ICa-L, and ICa-T were not changed. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 4 (HCN4) mRNA level in SAN tissue of Cfp1+/- mice was reduced. The HCN4 protein was significantly decreased in SAN cells and tissues after heterozygous deletion of Cfp1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay on cultured HL-1 cells demonstrated that Cfp1 was enriched in the promoter regions of HCN4. Knockdown of Cfp1 reduced H3K4 trimethylation, H3K9 acetylation, and H3K27 acetylation of HCN4 promoter region. CONCLUSION Deficiency of Cfp1 leads to small changes in heart rate by moderate epigenetic modification alterations and significant protein downregulation of HCN4 ion channels in mice.
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3
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Liu K, Min J. Structural Basis for the Recognition of Non-methylated DNA by the CXXC Domain. J Mol Biol 2020:S0022-2836(19)30591-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Balasubramanian S, Raghunath A, Perumal E. Role of epigenetics in zebrafish development. Gene 2019; 718:144049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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van de Lagemaat LN, Flenley M, Lynch MD, Garrick D, Tomlinson SR, Kranc KR, Vernimmen D. CpG binding protein (CFP1) occupies open chromatin regions of active genes, including enhancers and non-CpG islands. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:59. [PMID: 30292235 PMCID: PMC6173865 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which protein complexes interact to regulate the deposition of post-translational modifications of histones remains poorly understood. This is particularly important at regulatory regions, such as CpG islands (CGIs), which are known to recruit Trithorax (TrxG) and Polycomb group proteins. The CxxC zinc finger protein 1 (CFP1, also known as CGBP) is a subunit of the TrxG SET1 protein complex, a major catalyst of trimethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3). RESULTS Here, we used ChIP followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) to analyse genomic occupancy of CFP1 in two human haematopoietic cell types. We demonstrate that CFP1 occupies CGIs associated with active transcription start sites (TSSs), and is mutually exclusive with H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a marker of polycomb repressive complex 2. Strikingly, rather than being restricted to active CGI TSSs, CFP1 also occupies a substantial fraction of active non-CGI TSSs and enhancers of transcribed genes. However, relative to other TrxG subunits, CFP1 was specialised to TSSs. Finally, we found enrichment of CpG-containing DNA motifs in CFP1 peaks at CGI promoters. CONCLUSIONS We found that CFP1 is not solely recruited to CpG islands as it was originally defined, but also other regions including non-CpG island promoters and enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie N. van de Lagemaat
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Maria Flenley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Magnus D. Lynch
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor Guy’s Tower, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
- st John’s institute of dermatology, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - David Garrick
- INSERM, UMRS-1126, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Simon R. Tomlinson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Kamil R. Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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6
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Mahadevan J, Skalnik DG. Efficient differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells requires the binding of CXXC finger protein 1 to DNA or methylated histone H3-Lys4. Gene 2016; 594:1-9. [PMID: 27590438 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1) is a DNA-binding protein that is a component of the Setd1 histone methyltransferase complexes and is a critical epigenetic regulator of both histone and cytosine methylation. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking Cfp1 exhibit a loss of histone H3-Lys4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) at many CpG islands, and a mis-localization of this epigenetic mark to heterochromatic sub-nuclear domains. Furthermore, these cells fail to undergo cellular differentiation in vitro. These defects are rescued upon introduction of a Cfp1-expression vector. Cfp1 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD), a motif frequently observed in chromatin associated proteins that functions as a reader module of histone marks. Here, we report that the Cfp1 PHD domain directly and specifically binds to histone H3K4me1/me2/me3 marks. Introduction of individual mutations at key Cfp1 PHD residues (Y28, D44, or W49) ablates this histone interaction both in vitro and in vivo. The W49A point mutation does not affect the ability of Cfp1 to rescue appropriate restriction of histone H3K4me3 to euchromatic sub-nuclear domains or in vitro cellular differentiation in Cfp1-null ES cells. Similarly, a mutated form of Cfp1 that lacks DNA-binding activity (C169A) rescues in vitro cellular differentiation. However, rescue of Cfp1-null ES cells with a double mutant form of Cfp1 (W49A, C169A) results in partially defective in vitro differentiation. These data define the Cfp1 PHD domain as a reader of histone H3K4me marks and provide evidence that this activity is involved in the regulation of lineage commitment in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - David G Skalnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Biology Department, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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7
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Cao W, Guo J, Wen X, Miao L, Lin F, Xu G, Ma R, Yin S, Hui Z, Chen T, Guo S, Chen W, Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Wei L, Wang L. CXXC finger protein 1 is critical for T-cell intrathymic development through regulating H3K4 trimethylation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11687. [PMID: 27210293 PMCID: PMC4879243 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell development in the thymus is largely controlled by an epigenetic program, involving in both DNA methylation and histone modifications. Previous studies have identified Cxxc1 as a regulator of both cytosine methylation and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). However, it is unknown whether Cxxc1 plays a role in thymocyte development. Here we show that T-cell development in the thymus is severely impaired in Cxxc1-deficient mice. Furthermore, we identify genome-wide Cxxc1-binding sites and H3K4me3 modification sites in wild-type and Cxxc1-deficient thymocytes. Our results demonstrate that Cxxc1 directly controls the expression of key genes important for thymocyte survival such as RORγt and for T-cell receptor signalling including Zap70 and CD8, through maintaining the appropriate H3K4me3 on their promoters. Importantly, we show that RORγt, a direct target of Cxxc1, can rescue the survival defects in Cxxc1-deficient thymocytes. Our data strongly support a critical role of Cxxc1 in thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guanxin Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hui
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA
| | - Yingying Huang
- Core Facilities, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Wan Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Song B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Cheng T, Zhu X, Leung AYH, Yuan W, Jia H, Fang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals a ribosome constituents disorder involved in the RPL5 downregulated zebrafish model of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:13. [PMID: 26961822 PMCID: PMC4785739 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) was the first ribosomopathy associated with mutations in ribosome protein (RP) genes. The clinical phenotypes of DBA include failure of erythropoiesis, congenital anomalies and cancer predisposition. Mutations in RPL5 are reported in approximately 9 ~ 21 % of DBA patients, which represents the most common pathological condition related to a large-subunit ribosomal protein. However, it remains unclear how RPL5 downregulation results in severe phenotypes of this disease. RESULTS In this study, we generated a zebrafish model of DBA with RPL5 morphants and implemented high-throughput RNA-seq and ncRNA-seq to identify key genes, lncRNAs, and miRNAs during zebrafish development and hematopoiesis. We demonstrated that RPL5 is required for both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis processes. By comparing with other DBA zebrafish models and processing functional coupling network, we identified some common regulated genes, lncRNAs and miRNAs, that might play important roles in development and hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS Ribosome biogenesis and translation process were affected more in RPL5 MO than in other RP MOs. Both P53 dependent (for example, cell cycle pathway) and independent pathways (such as Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway) play important roles in DBA pathology. Our results therefore provide a comprehensive basis for the study of molecular pathogenesis of RPL5-mediated DBA and other ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Binfeng Song
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Qiong Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | | | - Weiping Yuan
- />State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Haibo Jia
- />Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- />CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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9
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Chun KT, Li B, Dobrota E, Tate C, Lee JH, Khan S, Haneline L, HogenEsch H, Skalnik DG. The epigenetic regulator CXXC finger protein 1 is essential for murine hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113745. [PMID: 25470594 PMCID: PMC4254612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1), encoded by the Cxxc1 gene, binds to DNA sequences containing an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide and is an epigenetic regulator of both cytosine and histone methylation. Cxxc1-null mouse embryos fail to gastrulate, and Cxxc1-null embryonic stem cells are viable but cannot differentiate, suggesting that Cfp1 is required for chromatin remodeling associated with stem cell differentiation and embryogenesis. Mice homozygous for a conditional Cxxc1 deletion allele and carrying the inducible Mx1-Cre transgene were generated to assess Cfp1 function in adult animals. Induction of Cre expression in adult animals led to Cfp1 depletion in hematopoietic cells, a failure of hematopoiesis with a nearly complete loss of lineage-committed progenitors and mature cells, elevated levels of apoptosis, and death within two weeks. A similar pathology resulted following transplantation of conditional Cxxc1 bone marrow cells into wild type recipients, demonstrating this phenotype is intrinsic to Cfp1 function within bone marrow cells. Remarkably, the Lin- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ population of cells in the bone marrow, which is enriched for hematopoietic stem cells and multi-potential progenitor cells, persists and expands in the absence of Cfp1 during this time frame. Thus, Cfp1 is necessary for hematopoietic stem and multi-potential progenitor cell function and for the developmental potential of differentiating hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin T Chun
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Biology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Binghui Li
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Erika Dobrota
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Courtney Tate
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shehnaz Khan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura Haneline
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David G Skalnik
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Biology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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The DPY30 subunit in SET1/MLL complexes regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 2014; 124:2025-33. [PMID: 25139354 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-549220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications, have emerged as important factors influencing cell fate determination. The functional role of H3K4 methylation, however, remains largely unclear in the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Here we show that DPY30, a shared core subunit of the SET1/MLL family methyltransferase complexes and a facilitator of their H3K4 methylation activity, is important for ex vivo proliferation and differentiation of human CD34(+) HPCs. DPY30 promotes HPC proliferation by directly regulating the expression of genes critical for cell proliferation. Interestingly, while DPY30 knockdown in HPCs impaired their differentiation into the myelomonocytic lineage, it potently promoted hemoglobin production and affected the kinetics of their differentiation into the erythroid lineage. In an in vivo model, we show that morpholino-mediated dpy30 knockdown resulted in severe defects in the development of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, which could be partially rescued by coinjection of dpy30 messenger RNA. Taken together, our results establish a critical role of DPY30 in the proliferation and appropriate differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and in animal hematopoiesis. Finally, we also demonstrate a crucial role of DPY30 in the growth of several MLL1-fusion-mediated leukemia cell lines.
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11
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation is a clinically well-defined microvascular disorder predisposing to stroke; however, the major phenotype observed in zebrafish is the cardiac defect, specifically an enlarged heart. Less effort has been made to explore this phenotypic discrepancy between human and zebrafish. Given the fact that the gene products from Ccm1/Ccm2 are nearly identical between the two species, the common sense has dictated that the zebrafish animal model would provide a great opportunity to dissect the detailed molecular function of Ccm1/Ccm2 during angiogenesis. We recently reported on the cellular role of the Ccm1 gene in biochemical processes that permit proper angiogenic microvascular development in the zebrafish model. In the course of this experimentation, we encountered a vast amount of recent research on the relationship between dysfunctional angiogenesis and cardiovascular defects in zebrafish. Here we compile the findings of our research with the most recent contributions in this field and glean conclusions about the effect of defective angiogenesis on the developing cardiovascular system. Our conclusion also serves as a bridge for the phenotypic discrepancy between humans and animal models, which might provide some insights into future translational research on human stroke.
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12
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Goll MG, Halpern ME. DNA methylation in zebrafish. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 101:193-218. [PMID: 21507352 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387685-0.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is crucial for normal development and cellular differentiation in many large-genome eukaryotes. The small tropical freshwater fish Danio rerio (zebrafish) has recently emerged as a powerful system for the study of DNA methylation, especially in the context of development. This review summarizes our current knowledge of DNA methylation in zebrafish and provides evidence for the general conservation of this system with mammals. In addition, emerging strategies are highlighted that use the fish model to address some of the key unanswered questions in DNA methylation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Goll
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, USA
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13
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Abstract
AbstractNumerous epigenetic modifications have been identified and correlated with transcriptionally active euchromatin or repressed heterochromatin and many enzymes responsible for the addition and removal of these marks have been characterized. However, less is known regarding how these enzymes are regulated and targeted to appropriate genomic locations. Mammalian CXXC finger protein 1 is an epigenetic regulator that was originally identified as a protein that binds specifically to any DNA sequence containing an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide. Mouse embryos lacking CXXC finger protein 1 die prior to gastrulation, and embryonic stem cells lacking CXXC finger protein 1 are viable but are unable to achieve cellular differentiation and lineage commitment. CXXC finger protein 1 is a regulator of both cytosine and histone methylation. It physically interacts with DNA methyltransferase 1 and facilitates maintenance cytosine methylation. Rescue studies reveal that CXXC finger protein 1 contains redundant functional domains that are sufficient to support cellular differentiation and proper levels of cytosine methylation. CXXC finger protein 1 is also a component of the Setd1 histone H3-Lys4 methyltransferase complexes and functions to target these enzymes to unmethylated CpG islands. Depletion of CXXC finger protein 1 leads to loss of histone H3-Lys4 tri-methylation at CpG islands and inappropriate drifting of this euchromatin mark into areas of hetero-chromatin. Thus, one function of CXXC finger protein 1 is to serve as an effector protein that interprets cytosine methylation patterns and facilitates crosstalk with histone-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Skalnik
- 1Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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New methods for selective isolation of bacterial DNA from human clinical specimens. Anaerobe 2009; 16:47-53. [PMID: 19463963 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Separation of bacterial DNA from human DNA in clinical samples may have an important impact on downstream applications, involving microbial diagnostic systems. We evaluated two commercially available reagents (MolYsis), Molzym GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen and Pureprove, SIRS-Lab GmbH, Jena, both Germany) for their potential to isolate and purify bacterial DNA from human DNA. We chose oral samples, which usually contain very high amounts of both human and bacterial cells. Three different DNA preparations each were made from eight caries and eight periodontal specimens using the two reagents above and a conventional DNA extraction strategy as reference. Based on target-specific real-time-quantitative PCR assays we compared the reduction of human DNA versus loss of bacterial DNA. Human DNA was monitored by targeting the beta-2-microglobulin gene, while bacteria were monitored by targeting 16S rDNA (total bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis) or the glycosyltransferase gene (Streptococcus mutans). We found that in most cases at least 90% of human DNA could successfully be removed, with complete removal in eight of 16 cases using MolYsis, and two (of 16) cases using Pureprove. Conversely, detection of bacterial DNA was possible in all cases with a recovery rate generally ranging from 35% to 50%. In conclusion, both strategies have the potential to reduce background interference from the host DNA which may be of remarkable value for nucleic-acid based microbial diagnostic systems.
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Butler JS, Palam LR, Tate CM, Sanford JR, Wek RC, Skalnik DG. DNA Methyltransferase protein synthesis is reduced in CXXC finger protein 1-deficient embryonic stem cells. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 28:223-31. [PMID: 19388845 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1) binds to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and is required for embryogenesis. CFP1 is also a component of the Setd1A and Setd1B histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking CFP1 fail to differentiate, and exhibit a 70% reduction in global genomic cytosine methylation and a 50% reduction in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) protein and activity. This study investigated the underlying mechanism for reduced DNMT1 expression in CFP1-deficient ES cells. DNMT1 transcript levels were significantly elevated in ES cells lacking CFP1, despite the observed reduction in DNMT1 protein levels. To address the posttranscriptional mechanisms by which CFP1 regulates DNMT1 protein activity, pulse/chase analyses were carried out, demonstrating a modest reduction in DNMT1 protein half-life in CFP1-deficient ES cells. Additionally, global protein synthesis was decreased in ES cells lacking CFP1, contributing to a reduction in the synthesis of DNMT1 protein. ES cells lacking CFP1 were found to contain elevated levels of phosphorylated eIF2alpha, and an accompanying reduction in translation initiation as revealed by a lower level of polyribosomes. These results reveal a novel role for CFP1 in the regulation of translation initiation, and indicate that loss of CFP1 function leads to decreased DNMT1 protein synthesis and half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Butler
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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CXXC finger protein 1 contains redundant functional domains that support embryonic stem cell cytosine methylation, histone methylation, and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3817-31. [PMID: 19433449 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00243-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1) is a regulator of both cytosine methylation and histone methylation. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking Cfp1 exhibit a decreased plating efficiency, decreased cytosine methylation, elevated global levels of histone H3-Lys4 trimethylation, and a failure to differentiate in vitro. Remarkably, transfection studies reveal that expression of either the amino half of Cfp1 (amino acids 1 to 367 [Cfp1(1-367)]) or the carboxyl half of Cfp1 (Cfp1(361-656)) is sufficient to correct all of the defects observed with ES cells that lack Cfp1. However, a point mutation (C169A) that abolishes DNA-binding activity of Cfp1 ablates the rescue activity of the Cfp1(1-367) fragment, and a point mutation (C375A) that abolishes the interaction of Cfp1 with the Setd1 histone H3-Lys4 methyltransferase complexes ablates the rescue activity of the Cfp1(361-656) fragment. Introduction of both the C169A and C375A point mutations ablates the rescue activity of the full-length Cfp1 protein. These results indicate that retention of either the Cfp1 DNA-binding domain or Setd1 interaction domain is required for Cfp1 rescue activity, and they illustrate the functional complexity of this critical epigenetic regulator. A model is presented for how epigenetic cross talk may explain the finding of redundant functional domains within Cfp1.
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Butler JS, Lee JH, Skalnik DG. CFP1 interacts with DNMT1 independently of association with the Setd1 Histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. DNA Cell Biol 2008; 27:533-43. [PMID: 18680430 PMCID: PMC2754740 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2007.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1) is a component of the Setd1A and Setd1B methyltransferase complexes, localizes to euchromatic regions of the genome, and specifically binds unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in DNA. Murine embryos lacking CFP1 exhibit peri-implantation lethality, a developmental time that correlates with global epigenetic reprogramming. CFP1-deficient embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit a 70% reduction in global cytosine methylation and a 60% decrease in maintenance DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) activity. DNMT1 protein level is reduced 50% in CFP1-deficient ES cells. Experiments were performed to investigate the role of CFP1 in regulating maintenance cytosine methylation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments reveal that endogenous DNMT1 and CFP1 interact in vivo. Protein regions required for the interaction between DNMT1 and CFP1 were mapped. Amino acids 169-493 and 970-1617 of DNMT1 are each sufficient for interaction with CFP1. Three regions spanning the CFP1 protein, amino acids 1-123, 103-367, and 361-656, are each sufficient for interaction with DNMT1. Interestingly, a single-point mutation (C375A) within CFP1 that abolishes the interaction with the Setd1A and Setd1B histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes does not disrupt the interaction between CFP1 and DNMT1. This result indicates that CFP1 intersects the cytosine methylation machinery independently of its association with the Setd1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Sergesketter Butler
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Young SRL, Skalnik DG. CXXC finger protein 1 is required for normal proliferation and differentiation of the PLB-985 myeloid cell line. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:80-90. [PMID: 17328666 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2006.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1) binds to unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA, is a component of the mammalian Set1 histone methyltransferase complex, and is essential for zebrafish hematopoiesis. Transfection of the human PLB-985 myeloid cell line with a short hairpin RNA directed against the transcript encoding CFP1 results in 80% fewer colonies compared to a vector control, suggesting that CFP1 is required for survival of PLB-985 cells. One clone, CFP1-AS1, exhibits a 70% decrease in CFP1 protein levels and a slower doubling time due to an increase in the proportion of cells in G(1) and G(2) and a decrease of cells in S phase. CFP1-AS1 cells exhibit a 40% reduction of DNA methyltransferase 1 protein but contain normal levels of global genomic cytosine methylation. The CFP1-AS1 clone suffers from a defect of granulocytic differentiation, as approximately half of the cells fail to obtain a terminally differentiated nuclear architecture and fail to generate a respiratory burst. Similar results were obtained upon induction of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Extended passaging of CFP1-AS1 cells resulted in increased levels of the CFP1 protein, to approximately 85% of wild-type levels, and concomitant rescue of myeloid differentiation. These results demonstrate a role for CFP1 in mammalian hematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R L Young
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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