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Ruan Y, Cai Z, Kang Z, Liang J, Tian H, Yu Q, Zhang Q, Lin W. Calycosin activates Nrf2/Keap1 signaling to ameliorate hydrogen peroxide-induced spinal cord neuron death and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23808. [PMID: 39132830 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of secondary injury of spinal cord injuries. Controlling oxidative stress is crucial for mitigating secondary injury and promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injuries. Calycosin is an O-methylated isoflavone with antioxidant activity. To evaluate the effect of calycosin on spinal cord neurons under oxidative stress and clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the effect, we tested the neuroprotective activity of calycosin in a primary spinal cord neuron culture model. We found that calycosin protected neurons from H2O2-induced neuronal death in a dose-dependent manner. Further experiments revealed that calycosin decreased H2O2-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and subsequently reduced H2O2-triggered release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. In addition, calycosin inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species generation and activation of NF-κB signaling in spinal cord neurons. Furthermore, the expression of several antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, GCLM, TrxR1, and Trx1 was significantly promoted by calycosin. More importantly, we revealed that the Nrf2/Keap1 signal is crucial for the effect of calycosin, because calycosin increased the amount of nuclear Nrf2 while decreasing the amount of cytoplasmic Nrf2. Nrf2 knockdown with siRNA transfection abolished the neuroprotective effect of calycosin. Taken together, this study disclosed a novel mechanism by which calycosin combats oxidative stress. Our study thus sheds light on the potential clinical application of calycosin in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ruan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziming Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwen Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghe Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiusheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Nasrabadi M, Nazarian M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Harifi-Mood MS, Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T. Carbamate compounds induced toxic effects by affecting Nrf2 signaling pathways. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:148-157. [PMID: 38304697 PMCID: PMC10831123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbamate (CBs) is a class of insecticides which is being known as an important cause of intentional or accidental poisoning. CBs, cause carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junction. Exposure to CBs through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion can result in significant cholinergic toxicity. This is due to the elevation of acetylcholine levels at ganglionic synapses found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as muscarinic receptors located in target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nicotinic receptors situated in skeletal muscle tissue, and the central nervous system. The association between human illnesses and environmental exposures to CBs have been extensively studied in several studies. Although CBs-triggered toxicity leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the detailed association between the toxicity under CBs exposure and NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways has not been completely clarified. In this review we aimed to summarize the latest findings on the functional interrelationship between carbamates compounds and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Bhat SA, Vasi Z, Jiang L, Selvaraj S, Ferguson R, Gudur A, Ismail H, Adhikari R, Dhabaria A, Ueberheide B, Kuchay S. Geranylgeranylated-SCF FBXO10 Regulates Selective Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Proteostasis and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589745. [PMID: 38659932 PMCID: PMC11042265 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
E3-ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are main components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), as they determine substrate specificity in response to internal and external cues to regulate protein homeostasis. However, the regulation of membrane protein ubiquitination by E3s within distinct cell membrane compartments or organelles is not well understood. We show that FBXO10, the interchangeable component of the SKP1/CUL1/F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF-E3), undergoes lipid-modification with geranylgeranyl isoprenoid at Cysteine953 (C953), facilitating its dynamic trafficking to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). FBXO10 polypeptide does not contain a canonical mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS); instead, its geranylgeranylation at C953 and the interaction with two cytosolic factors, PDE6δ (a prenyl group-binding protein), and HSP90 (a mitochondrial chaperone) orchestrate specific OMM targeting of prenyl-FBXO10 across diverse membrane compartments. The geranylgeranylation-deficient FBXO10(C953S) mutant redistributes away from the OMM, leading to impaired mitochondrial ATP production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was identified as a potential substrate of FBXO10 at the OMM using comparative quantitative mass spectrometry analyses of enriched mitochondria (LFQ-MS/MS), leveraging the redistribution of FBXO10(C953S). FBXO10, but not FBXO10(C953S), promoted polyubiquitylation and degradation of PGAM5. Examination of the role of this pathway in a physiological context revealed that the loss of FBXO10 or expression of prenylation-deficient-FBXO10(C953S) inhibited PGAM5 degradation, disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis, and impaired myogenic differentiation of human iPSCs and murine myoblasts. Our studies identify a mechanism for selective E3-ligase mediated regulation of mitochondrial membrane proteostasis and metabolic health, potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zahra Vasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shruthi Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Rachel Ferguson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anish Gudur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ritika Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Avantika Dhabaria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - ShaFi Kuchay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Lead Contact
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Tang H, Yu Q, Chen X, Zhang J, Guo D, Guo W, Zhang S, Shi X. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 exacerbates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8535. [PMID: 38609411 PMCID: PMC11014912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the death of hepatocytes is a crucial trigger of liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the regulation of liver I/R-induced hepatocyte death is still poorly understood. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrial Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase, regulates mitochondrial dynamics and is involved in the process of both apoptosis and necrotic. However, it is still unclear what role PGAM5 plays in the death of hepatocytes induced by I/R. Using a PGAM5-silence mice model, we investigated the role of PGAM5 in liver I/R injury and its relevant molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that PGAM5 was highly expressed in mice with liver I/R injury. Silence of PGAM5 could decrease I/R-induced hepatocyte death in mice. In subcellular levels, the silence of PGAM5 could restore mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription levels, inhibit ROS generation, and prevent I/R-induced opening of abnormal mPTP. As for the molecular mechanisms, we indicated that the silence of PGAM5 could inhibit Drp1(S616) phosphorylation, leading to a partial reduction of mitochondrial fission. In addition, Mdivi-1 could inhibit mitochondrial fission, decrease hepatocyte death, and attenuate liver I/R injury in mice. In conclusion, our data reveal the molecular mechanism of PGAM5 in driving hepatocyte death through activating mitochondrial fission in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Danfeng Guo
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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5
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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Hu X, You Q, Jiang Z. Targeting kelch-like (KLHL) proteins: achievements, challenges and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116270. [PMID: 38490062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Kelch-like proteins (KLHLs) are a large family of BTB-containing proteins. KLHLs function as the substrate adaptor of Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) to recognize substrates. KLHLs play pivotal roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes by modulating the ubiquitination of their respective substrates. Mounting evidence indicates that mutations or abnormal expression of KLHLs are associated with various human diseases. Targeting KLHLs is a viable strategy for deciphering the KLHLs-related pathways and devising therapies for associated diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the known KLHLs inhibitors to date and the brilliant ideas underlying their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguo Zhou
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziquan Zhao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiuqi Hu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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6
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Deen AJ, Adinolfi S, Härkönen J, Patinen T, Liu X, Laitinen T, Takabe P, Kainulainen K, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Gawriyski LM, Arasu UT, Selvarajan I, Mäkinen P, Laitinen H, Kansanen E, Kaikkonen MU, Poso A, Varjosalo M, Levonen AL. Oncogenic KEAP1 mutations activate TRAF2-NFκB signaling to prevent apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103031. [PMID: 38184997 PMCID: PMC10808971 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) - Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is the major transcriptional stress response system in cells against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is frequently constitutively active in many cancers, rendering the cells resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the repressor protein KEAP1 are common in non-small cell lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma. While the mutations can occur throughout the gene, they are enriched in certain areas, indicating that these may have unique functional importance. In this study, we show that in the GSEA analysis of TCGA lung adenocarcinoma RNA-seq data, the KEAP1 mutations in R320 and R470 were associated with enhanced Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) - Nuclear Factor kappa subunit B (NFκB) signaling as well as MYC and MTORC1 pathways. To address the functional role of these hotspot mutations, affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis of wild type (wt) KEAP1 and its mutation forms, R320Q and R470C were employed to interrogate differences in the protein interactome. We identified TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) as a putative protein interaction partner. Both mutant KEAP1 forms showed increased interaction with TRAF2 and other anti-apoptotic proteins, suggesting that apoptosis signalling could be affected by the protein interactions. A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing mutant KEAP1 showed high TRAF2-mediated NFκB activity and increased protection against apoptosis, XIAP being one of the key proteins involved in anti-apoptotic signalling. To conclude, KEAP1 R320Q and R470C and its interaction with TRAF2 leads to activation of NFκB pathway, thereby protecting against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashik Jawahar Deen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Simone Adinolfi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Jouni Härkönen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Pathology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Tommi Patinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Piia Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kainulainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | | | - Lisa M Gawriyski
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Ilakya Selvarajan
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Hanna Laitinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Science Service Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
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7
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Song Y, Qu Y, Mao C, Zhang R, Jiang D, Sun X. Post-translational modifications of Keap1: the state of the art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1332049. [PMID: 38259518 PMCID: PMC10801156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1332049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress-induced damage. Its activation entails the expression and transcriptional regulation of several proteins involved in detoxification and antioxidation processes within the organism. Keap1, serving as a pivotal transcriptional regulator within this pathway, exerts control over the activity of Nrf2. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Keap1, such as alkylation, glycosylation, glutathiylation, S-sulfhydration, and other modifications, impact the binding affinity between Keap1 and Nrf2. Consequently, this leads to the accumulation of Nrf2 and its translocation to the nucleus, and subsequent activation of downstream antioxidant genes. Given the association between the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, comprehending the post-translational modification of Keap1 not only deepens our understanding of Nrf2 signaling regulation but also contributes to the identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers. Consequently, this knowledge holds immense importance in the prevention and treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Deyou Jiang
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xutao Sun
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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8
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Rusetskaya NY, Loginova NY, Pokrovskaya EP, Chesovskikh YS, Titova LE. Redox regulation of the NLRP3-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:333-352. [PMID: 38153050 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236906333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The review considers modern data on the mechanisms of activation and redox regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and gasdermins, as well as the role of selenium in these processes. Activation of the inflammasome and pyroptosis represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of the defense against pathogens, described for various types of cells and tissues (macrophages and monocytes, microglial cells and astrocytes, podocytes and parenchymal cells of the kidneys, periodontal tissues, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as cells of the digestive and urogenital systems, etc.). Depending on the characteristics of redox regulation, the participants of NLRP3 inflammation and pyroptosis can be subdivided into 2 groups. Members of the first group block the mitochondrial electron transport chain, promote the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress. This group includes granzymes, the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS, and others. The second group includes thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), erythroid-derived nuclear factor-2 (NRF2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), ninjurin (Ninj1), scramblase (TMEM16), inflammasome regulatory protein kinase NLRP3 (NEK7), caspase-1, gasdermins GSDM B, D and others. They have redox-sensitive domains and/or cysteine residues subjected to redox regulation, glutathionylation/deglutathionylation or other types of regulation. Suppression of oxidative stress and redox regulation of participants in NLRP3 inflammation and pyroptosis depends on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), containing a selenocysteine residue Sec in the active site. The expression of GPX and TRXR is regulated by NRF2 and depends on the concentration of selenium in the blood. Selenium deficiency causes ineffective translation of the Sec UGA codon, translation termination, and, consequently, synthesis of inactive selenoproteins, which can cause various types of programmed cell death: apoptosis of nerve cells and sperm, necroptosis of erythrocyte precursors, pyroptosis of infected myeloid cells, ferroptosis of T- and B-lymphocytes, kidney and pancreatic cells. In addition, suboptimal selenium concentrations in the blood (0.86 μM or 68 μg/l or less) have a significant impact on expression of more than two hundred and fifty genes as compared to the optimal selenium concentration (1.43 μM or 113 μg/l). Based on the above, we propose to consider blood selenium concentrations as an important parameter of redox homeostasis in the cell. Suboptimal blood selenium concentrations (or selenium deficiency states) should be used for assessment of the risk of developing inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Rusetskaya
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - N Yu Loginova
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - E P Pokrovskaya
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yu S Chesovskikh
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - L E Titova
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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9
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You M, Jiang Q, Huang H, Ma F, Zhou X. 4-Octyl itaconate inhibits inflammation to attenuate psoriasis as an agonist of oxeiptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110915. [PMID: 37741130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a highly prevalent chronic disease associated with a substantial social and economic burden. Oxeiptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs when cells are in a state of high oxidative stress, which has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, there is still no research on oxeiptosis in psoriasis, and the agonists or antagonists of oxeiptosis remain an unclear field. Here, we found that oxeiptosis of keratinocytes was inhibited in psoriasis lesions. KEAP1, as the upstream molecular component of oxeiptosis, is highly expressed in psoriasis lesions. Knockdown of KEAP1 in HaCaT cells caused oxeiptosis in the condition of M5 cocktail stimulation. Next, we found that the cell-permeable derivative of itaconate, 4-octylitaconate (OI) promoted oxeiptosis of keratinocytes by inhibiting KEAP1 and then activating PGAM5 which are two upstream molecular components of oxeiptosis. At the same time, OI can reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by M5 cocktail stimulation in vitro. Similarly, we found that OI can alleviate IMQ-induced psoriatic lesions in mice and downregulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic lesions. In summary, our findings suggest that oxeiptosis of keratinocytes was inhibited in psoriasis and OI can significantly inhibit inflammation and alleviate psoriasis as an agonist of oxeiptosis, indicating that oxeiptosis may be involved in regulating the progression of psoriasis, which may provide new therapeutic targets for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huining Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fangyu Ma
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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10
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Nag S, Szederkenyi K, Gorbenko O, Tyrrell H, Yip CM, McQuibban GA. PGAM5 is an MFN2 phosphatase that plays an essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112895. [PMID: 37498743 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by the post-translational modifications of the dynamin family GTPase proteins including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), MFN2, and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Mitochondrial phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is emerging as a regulator of these post-translational modifications; however, its precise role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology is unknown. We show that PGAM5 interacts with MFN2 and DRP1 in a stress-sensitive manner. PGAM5 regulates MFN2 phosphorylation and consequently protects it from ubiquitination and degradation. Further, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modification of MFN2 regulates its fusion ability. Phosphorylation enhances fission and degradation, whereas dephosphorylation enhances fusion. PGAM5 dephosphorylates MFN2 to promote mitochondrial network formation. Further, using a Drosophila genetic model, we demonstrate that the MFN2 homolog Marf and dPGAM5 are in the same biological pathway. Our results identify MFN2 dephosphorylation as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and PGAM5 as an MFN2 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Szederkenyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hannah Tyrrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - G Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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11
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Marzioni D, Mazzucchelli R. Role of Natural and Synthetic Compounds in Modulating NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113037. [PMID: 37296999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Prostate cancer can be treated by surgery or active surveillance when early diagnosed but, when diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage, radiation therapy or androgen-deprivation therapy is needed to reduce cancer progression. However, both of these therapies can cause prostate cancer resistance to treatment. Several studies demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in cancer occurrence, development, progression and treatment resistance. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/KEAP1 (Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1) pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and NRF2 activation can determine cell fate. In particular, toxic levels of ROS lead physiological cell death and cell tumor suppression, while lower ROS levels are associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. On the contrary, a high level of NRF2 promotes cell survival related to cancer progression activating an adaptive antioxidant response. In this review, we analyzed the current literature regarding the role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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12
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Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F, Cheratta AR, Subburayan K, Alakkal A, Sultana M, Drou N, Arshad M, Tariq S, Galadari S. Targeting oxeiptosis-mediated tumor suppression: a novel approach to treat colorectal cancers by sanguinarine. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:94. [PMID: 36914635 PMCID: PMC10011521 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxeiptosis is a recently identified reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive, caspase independent, non-inflammatory regulated cell death pathway. The activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-Phosphoglycerate mutase 5-Apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (KEAP1-PGAM5-AIFM1) pathway is the key signaling event in the execution of oxeiptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that sanguinarine (SNG), a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid, induces oxeiptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via ROS, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent activation of KEAP1-PGAM5-AIFM1 signaling axis. Whilst, knockdown of KEAP1, PGAM5, and AIFM1 largely abolishes SNG-induced oxeiptosis, hence reinforcing the importance of the role of this pathway in the SNG-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, extracellular addition of H2O2 sensitizes SNG-induced oxeiptosis in CRC cells, while removal of intracellular ROS by ROS scavengers, not only alleviated the overproduction of ROS caused by SNG, but also reversed the biochemical events associated with oxeiptosis. Finally, in vivo study demonstrates that SNG effectively reduces the tumor growth in HT-29 xenograft mouse model through features associated with oxeiptosis. This study highlights oxeiptosis as a novel tumor suppressive mechanism and further investigation of the role of oxeiptosis in cancer treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anees Rahman Cheratta
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Karthikeyan Subburayan
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ameer Alakkal
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mehar Sultana
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nizar Drou
- Bioinformatics Core, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Bioinformatics Core, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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13
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Meng L, Hu P, Xu A. PGAM5 promotes tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells through PI3K/AKT pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154405. [PMID: 36889176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PGAM5 has been associated with the development of tumours, however, its function in gastric cancer (GC) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of PGAM5 in regulating GC. The results revealed that PGAM5 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, which was correlated with tumour size and TNM stage. Moreover, PGAM5 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion progression, whereas PGAM5 overexpression promoted the function of GC cells in vitro. PGAM5 also promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, reversed the proliferation and activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway induced by PGAM5 knockdown in GC cells. In conclusion, PGAM5 promotes the proliferation of GC by positively regulating the activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Meng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pibo Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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14
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Dai C, Qu B, Peng B, Liu B, Li Y, Niu C, Peng B, Li D. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in spinal tissues after spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109773. [PMID: 36773566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high incidence worldwide that causes a heavy physical and psychological burden to patients. It is urgent to further reveal the pathological mechanism and effective treatment of SCI. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the disease progression of SCI. As a mitochondrial membrane protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is mainly involved in mitochondrial function and mitosis to modulate cellular physiological functions, but the roles of PGAM5 in spinal tissues remain to be unreported after SCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of PGAM5 in SCI mice and its relationship with neuroinflammation. The results showed that the mitochondrial membrane protein PGAM5 was involved in microglia activation after SCI, and PGAM5 deletion could improve mitochondrial dysfunction (including abnormal mtDNA, ATP synthases, and ATP levels, Cyt C expression, and ROS and rGSH levels) in spinal cord tissue after SCI, Arg1/iNOS mRNA level, iNOS expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels. In vitro, H2O2 increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels in BV2 cells, and PGAM5-sh and Nrf2 activators significantly reversed H2O2-induced iNOS expression and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, IP/Western blotting results revealed that PGAM5-sh treatment significantly reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with Nrf2 and enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in BV2 cells. The data suggested that PGAM5 was involved in the cascade of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in microglia via facilitating the expression level of Nrf2 in the nucleus after SCI. It provided a reference for clarifying the pathological mechanism and therapeutic target of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Orthopedics and Trauma Department, The 963rd (224th) Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 963rd Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster and Emergency Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bibo Peng
- Outpatient Department, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chunlei Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Baogan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Duanming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China.
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15
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Kataoka T. Biological properties of the BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, which regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1065702. [PMID: 36589739 PMCID: PMC9800997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1065702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of cellular stress responses, including cell death. Damaged mitochondria are removed by fission and fusion cycles and mitophagy, which counteract cell death. BCL-2 family proteins possess one to four BCL-2 homology domains and regulate apoptosis signaling at mitochondria. BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13), was initially identified as one of the BCL-2 family proteins inducing apoptosis. Mitophagy receptors recruit the ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3/GABARAP via the MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif to initiate mitophagy. In addition to apoptosis, BCL-RAMBO has recently been identified as a mitophagy receptor that possesses the LIR motif and regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In the 20 years since its discovery, many important findings on BCL-RAMBO have been increasingly reported. The biological properties of BCL-RAMBO are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Takao Kataoka,
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16
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Sampadi B, Vermeulen S, Mišovic B, Boei JJ, Batth TS, Chang JG, Paulsen MT, Magnuson B, Schimmel J, Kool H, Olie CS, Everts B, Vertegaal ACO, Olsen JV, Ljungman M, Jeggo PA, Mullenders LHF, Vrieling H. Divergent Molecular and Cellular Responses to Low and High-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233794. [PMID: 36497055 PMCID: PMC9739411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer risk after ionizing radiation (IR) is assumed to be linear with the dose; however, for low doses, definite evidence is lacking. Here, using temporal multi-omic systems analyses after a low (LD; 0.1 Gy) or a high (HD; 1 Gy) dose of X-rays, we show that, although the DNA damage response (DDR) displayed dose proportionality, many other molecular and cellular responses did not. Phosphoproteomics uncovered a novel mode of phospho-signaling via S12-PPP1R7, and large-scale dephosphorylation events that regulate mitotic exit control in undamaged cells and the G2/M checkpoint upon IR in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphoproteomics of irradiated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair-deficient cells unveiled extended phospho-signaling duration in either a dose-dependent (DDR signaling) or independent (mTOR-ERK-MAPK signaling) manner without affecting signal magnitude. Nascent transcriptomics revealed the transcriptional activation of genes involved in NRF2-regulated antioxidant defense, redox-sensitive ERK-MAPK signaling, glycolysis and mitochondrial function after LD, suggesting a prominent role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in molecular and cellular responses to LD exposure, whereas DDR genes were prominently activated after HD. However, how and to what extent the observed dose-dependent differences in molecular and cellular responses may impact cancer development remain unclear, as the induction of chromosomal damage was found to be dose-proportional (10-200 mGy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sampadi
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (H.V.)
| | - Sylvia Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Mišovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Boei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tanveer S. Batth
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jer-Gung Chang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle T. Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joost Schimmel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Kool
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel S. Olie
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C. O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Penny A. Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Leon H. F. Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (H.V.)
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17
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Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122345. [PMID: 36552553 PMCID: PMC9774434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the cell. ROS have important roles in a wide range of physiological processes; however, high ROS levels are associated with oxidative stress and disease progression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in nearly all major human diseases, from neurogenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant defence systems have evolved as a means of protection against oxidative stress, with the transcription factor Nrf2 as the key regulator. Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress and Nrf2, including basic mechanisms of Nrf2 activation and regulation, and implications in various major human diseases.
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18
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Feng L, He H, Xiong X, Xia K, Qian S, Ye Q, Feng F, Zhou S, Hong X, Liu Y, Xie C. Plasma-derived phosphoglycerate mutase 5 as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1022274. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1022274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to examine whether plasma-derived phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) can be a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis as well as its association with the severity of motor/non-motor manifestations of PD.MethodsWe enrolled 124 patients with PD (PD group) and 50 healthy controls (HC group). We measured plasma PGAM5 levels using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Patients with PD underwent baseline evaluations using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), while participants in both groups were evaluated using scales for non-motor manifestations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive utility of plasma PAMG5 alone and combined with other factors.ResultsPlasma PAMG5 levels were significantly higher in the PD group; the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma PGAM5 levels alone was 0.76. The AUC values for elderly participants and patients without hypertension were 0.78 and that for was 0.79. Notably, plasma PGAM5 levels combined with plasma oligomeric α-synuclein (α-syn) and the score of the REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) showed AUC values of 0.80 and 0.82. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that plasma PAMG5 levels were independently associated with PD (odds ratio,1.875 [95% confidence interval 1.206–2.916], p = 0.005) but not the severity of motor/non-motor manifestations of PD.ConclusionPlasma PGAM5 is an independent biomarker for PD, especially among elderly patients (age > 60 years) and patients without hypertension. The predictive utility of PGAM5 was improved when combined with plasma oligomeric α-syn or the RBDQ-HK score.
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19
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Kamiya M, Mizoguchi F, Yasuda S. Amelioration of inflammatory myopathies by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist via suppressing muscle fibre necroptosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2118-2131. [PMID: 35775116 PMCID: PMC9397554 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As glucocorticoids induce muscle atrophy during the treatment course of polymyositis (PM), novel therapeutic strategy is awaited that suppresses muscle inflammation but retains muscle strength. We recently found that injured muscle fibres in PM undergo FASLG-mediated necroptosis, a form of regulated cell death accompanied by release of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributes to accelerate muscle inflammation and muscle weakness. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have pleiotropic actions including anti-inflammatory effects, prevention of muscle atrophy, and inhibition of cell death, in addition to anti-diabetic effect. We aimed in this study to examine the role of GLP-1R in PM and the effect of a GLP-1R agonist on in vivo and in vitro models of PM. METHODS Muscle specimens of PM patients and a murine model of PM, C protein-induced myositis (CIM), were examined for the expression of GLP-1R. The effect of PF1801, a GLP-1R agonist, on CIM was evaluated in monotherapy or in combination with prednisolone (PSL). As an in vitro model of PM, C2C12-derived myotubes were treated with FASLG to induce necroptosis. The effect of PF1801 on this model was analysed. RESULTS GLP-1R was expressed on the inflamed muscle fibres of PM and CIM. The treatment of CIM with PF1801 in monotherapy (PF) or in combination with PSL (PF + PSL) suppressed CIM-induced muscle weakness (grip strength, mean ± SD (g); PF 227 ± 6.0 (P < 0.01), PF + PSL 224 ± 8.5 (P < 0.01), Vehicle 162 ± 6.0) and decrease in cross-sectional area of muscle fibres (mean ± SD (μm2 ); PF 1896 ± 144 (P < 0.05), PF + PSL 2018 ± 445 (P < 0.01), Vehicle 1349 ± 199) as well as the severity of histological inflammation scores (median, interquartile range; PF 0.0, 0.0-0.5 (P < 0.05), PF + PSL 0.0, 0.0-0.0 (P < 0.01), Vehicle 1.9, 1.3-3.3). PF1801 decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-6, and HMGB1 in the serum of CIM. PF1801 inhibited necroptosis of the myotubes in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. PF1801 activated AMPK and decreased the expression of PGAM5, a mitochondrial protein, which was crucial for necroptosis of the myotubes. PF1801 promoted the degradation of PGAM5 through ubiquitin-proteasome activity. Furthermore, PF1801 suppressed FASLG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in myotubes, also crucial for the execution of necroptosis, thorough up-regulating the antioxidant molecules including Nfe2l2, Hmox1, Gclm, and Nqo1. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1R agonist could be a novel therapy for PM that recovers muscle weakness and suppresses muscle inflammation through inhi biting muscle fibre necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kamiya
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Hahn KR, Moon SM, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. The neuroprotective effects of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 are mediated by decreasing oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells and gerbil hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2022; 157:105346. [PMID: 35513204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a glycolytic enzyme, plays an important role in cell death and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGAM5 on oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells and ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus to elucidate the role of PGAM5 in oxidative and ischemic stress. Constructs were designed with a PEP-1 expression vector to facilitate the intracellular delivery of PGAM5 proteins. We observed time- and concentration-dependent increases in the intracellular delivery of the PEP-1-PGAM5 protein, but not its control protein (PGAM5), in HT22 cells, and morphologically demonstrated the localization of the transduced protein, which was stably expressed in the cytoplasm after 12 h of PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment. PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated cell death, reactive oxygen species formation, DNA fragmentation, and the reduction of cell proliferation induced by H2O2 treatment in HT22 cells. In addition, PEP-1-PGAM5 was effectively delivered to the gerbil hippocampus 8 h after treatment, and ischemia-induced hyperlocomotion and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region were significantly alleviated 1 and 4 days after ischemia, respectively. Ischemia-induced microglial activation was also mitigated by treatment with 1.0 mg/kg PEP-1-PGAM5. At 3 h after ischemia, PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated the increase in lipid peroxidation, as assessed by malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide levels, and decreased glutathione levels (increases in glutathione disulfide, the oxidized form of glutathione) in the hippocampus. Two days after ischemia, treatment with PEP-1-PGAM5 significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity and further increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus. The neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-PGAM5 are partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, and increases in the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea; Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24253, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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21
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Kang P, Chen J, Zhang W, Guo N, Yi X, Cui T, Chen J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Du P, Ye Z, Li B, Li C, Li S. Oxeiptosis: a novel pathway of melanocytes death in response to oxidative stress in vitiligo. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:70. [PMID: 35177586 PMCID: PMC8854565 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmenting autoimmune disease caused by the extensive destruction of epidermal melanocytes. Convincing data has defined a critical role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Oxeiptosis is a caspase-independent cell death modality that was reportedly triggered by oxidative stress and operative in pathogen clearance. However, whether oxeiptosis exists in oxidative stress-induced melanocytes demise in vitiligo remains undetermined. In the present study, we initially found that other cell death modalities might exist in addition to the well-recognized apoptosis and necroptosis in H2O2-treated melanocytes. Furthermore, AIFM1 was found to be dephosphorylated at Ser116 in oxidative stress-induced melanocytes death, which was specific to oxeiptosis. Moreover, KEAP1 and PGAM5, upstream of the AIFM1 in oxeiptosis, were found to operate in melanocytic death. Subsequently, the KEAP1-PGAM5-AIFM1 signaling pathway was proved to be involved in oxidative stress-triggered melanocytes demise through the depletion of KEAP1 and PGAM5. Altogether, our study indicated that oxeiptosis might occur in melanocytes death under oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Pengran Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhubiao Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Baizhang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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22
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Drosophila Keap1 xenobiotic response factor regulates developmental transcription through binding to chromatin. Dev Biol 2022; 481:139-147. [PMID: 34662537 PMCID: PMC9502878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 complex is a central regulator that mediates transcriptional responses to xenobiotic stimuli and is highly related with multiple human diseases. The molecular mechanisms and biological functions of Keap1 and Nrf2 are not fully understood. The Drosophila Keap1 homolog (dKeap1) is conserved with mammalian Keap1 except that dKeap1 contains a 156 aa C-terminal tail (CTD). A dKeap1 truncation with the CTD removed (dKeap1-ΔCTD) shows abolished nuclear localization and chromatin-binding. Expression of dKeap1-ΔCTD in the dKeap1 null background significantly rescues this mutant to the adult stage, but the files showed partial lethality, sterility and defects in adipose tissue. In the rescued flies, expression levels of ecdysone-response genes, ecdysone-synthetic genes and adipogenesis genes were down-regulated in specific tissues, indicating that the chromatin-binding of dKeap1 mediates the activation of these developmental genes. At the same time, dKeap1-ΔCTD can still suppress the basal expression of detoxifying genes and mediate the activation of these genes in response to xenobiotic stimuli, suggesting that the chromatin-binding of dKeap1 is not required for the regulation of detoxifying genes. These results support a model in which dKeap1 on one hand functions as an inhibitor for the Nrf2-mediated transcription in the xenobiotic response pathway and on the other hand functions as a chromatin-binding transcription activator in the developmental pathway. Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby Keap1-Nrf2 xenobiotic response signaling regulates development using a mechanism independent of redox signaling.
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23
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Zeb A, Choubey V, Gupta R, Kuum M, Safiulina D, Vaarmann A, Gogichaishvili N, Liiv M, Ilves I, Tämm K, Veksler V, Kaasik A. A novel role of KEAP1/PGAM5 complex: ROS sensor for inducing mitophagy. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102186. [PMID: 34801863 PMCID: PMC8607199 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When ROS production exceeds the cellular antioxidant capacity, the cell needs to eliminate the defective mitochondria responsible for excessive ROS production. It has been proposed that the removal of these defective mitochondria involves mitophagy, but the mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that moderate mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production oxidates KEAP1, thus breaking the interaction between this protein and PGAM5, leading to the inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Accumulated PGAM5 interferes with the processing of the PINK1 in the mitochondria leading to the accumulation of PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane. In turn, PINK1 promotes Parkin recruitment to mitochondria and sensitizes mitochondria for autophagic removal. We also demonstrate that inhibitors of the KEAP1-PGAM5 protein-protein interaction (including CPUY192018) mimic the effect of mitochondrial ROS and sensitize mitophagy machinery, suggesting that these inhibitors could be used as pharmacological regulators of mitophagy. Together, our results show that KEAP1/PGAM5 complex senses mitochondrially generated superoxide/hydrogen peroxide to induce mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Zeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Malle Kuum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dzhamilja Safiulina
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Vaarmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nana Gogichaishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mailis Liiv
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivar Ilves
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- University Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Allen Kaasik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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24
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van Esveld SL, Meerstein‐Kessel L, Boshoven C, Baaij JF, Barylyuk K, Coolen JPM, van Strien J, Duim RAJ, Dutilh BE, Garza DR, Letterie M, Proellochs NI, de Ridder MN, Venkatasubramanian PB, de Vries LE, Waller RF, Kooij TWA, Huynen MA. A Prioritized and Validated Resource of Mitochondrial Proteins in Plasmodium Identifies Unique Biology. mSphere 2021; 6:e0061421. [PMID: 34494883 PMCID: PMC8550323 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00614-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium species have a single mitochondrion that is essential for their survival and has been successfully targeted by antimalarial drugs. Most mitochondrial proteins are imported into this organelle, and our picture of the Plasmodium mitochondrial proteome remains incomplete. Many data sources contain information about mitochondrial localization, including proteome and gene expression profiles, orthology to mitochondrial proteins from other species, coevolutionary relationships, and amino acid sequences, each with different coverage and reliability. To obtain a comprehensive, prioritized list of Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrial proteins, we rigorously analyzed and integrated eight data sets using Bayesian statistics into a predictive score per protein for mitochondrial localization. At a corrected false discovery rate of 25%, we identified 445 proteins with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 97%. They include proteins that have not been identified as mitochondrial in other eukaryotes but have characterized homologs in bacteria that are involved in metabolism or translation. Mitochondrial localization of seven Plasmodium berghei orthologs was confirmed by epitope labeling and colocalization with a mitochondrial marker protein. One of these belongs to a newly identified apicomplexan mitochondrial protein family that in P. falciparum has four members. With the experimentally validated mitochondrial proteins and the complete ranked P. falciparum proteome, which we have named PlasmoMitoCarta, we present a resource to study unique proteins of Plasmodium mitochondria. IMPORTANCE The unique biology and medical relevance of the mitochondrion of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum have made it the subject of many studies. However, we actually do not have a comprehensive assessment of which proteins reside in this organelle. Many omics data are available that are predictive of mitochondrial localization, such as proteomics data and expression data. Individual data sets are, however, rarely complete and can provide conflicting evidence. We integrated a wide variety of available omics data in a manner that exploits the relative strengths of the data sets. Our analysis gave a predictive score for the mitochondrial localization to each nuclear encoded P. falciparum protein and identified 445 likely mitochondrial proteins. We experimentally validated the mitochondrial localization of seven of the new mitochondrial proteins, confirming the quality of the complete list. These include proteins that have not been observed mitochondria before, adding unique mitochondrial functions to P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma L. van Esveld
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Meerstein‐Kessel
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cas Boshoven
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem F. Baaij
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Barylyuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordy P. M. Coolen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri van Strien
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald A. J. Duim
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel R. Garza
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijn Letterie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas I. Proellochs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle N. de Ridder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura E. de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ross F. Waller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taco W. A. Kooij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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25
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Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
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26
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Paiboonrungruang C, Simpson E, Xiong Z, Huang C, Li J, Li Y, Chen X. Development of targeted therapy of NRF2 high esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110105. [PMID: 34358647 PMCID: PMC8403639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease and one of the most aggressive cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. As a master transcription factor regulating the stress response, NRF2 is often mutated and becomes hyperactive, and thus causes chemo-radioresistance and poor survival in human ESCC. There is a great need to develop NRF2 inhibitors for targeted therapy of NRF2high ESCC. In this review, we mainly focus on three aspects, NRF2 inhibitors and their mechanisms of action, screening novel drug targets, and evaluation of NRF2 activity in the esophagus. A research strategy has been proposed to develop NRF2 inhibitors using human ESCC cells and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorlada Paiboonrungruang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Emily Simpson
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Euclados Bioinformatics Solutions, Cary, NC 27519, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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27
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Ketogenesis controls mitochondrial gene expression and rescues mitochondrial bioenergetics after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16359. [PMID: 34381166 PMCID: PMC8357839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the secondary injury mechanisms that occur after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is essential for the development of novel neuroprotective strategies linked to the restoration of metabolic deficits. We and others have shown that Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, moderate in proteins and low in carbohydrates is neuroprotective and improves behavioural outcomes in rats with acute SCI. Ketones are alternative fuels for mitochondrial ATP generation, and can modulate signaling pathways via targeting specific receptors. Here, we demonstrate that ad libitum administration of KD for 7 days after SCI rescued mitochondrial respiratory capacity, increased parameters of mitochondrial biogenesis, affected the regulation of mitochondrial-related genes, and activated the NRF2-dependent antioxidant pathway. This study demonstrates that KD improves post-SCI metabolism by rescuing mitochondrial function and supports the potential of KD for treatment of acute SCI in humans.
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28
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Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050794. [PMID: 34067882 PMCID: PMC8156559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Dysfunctional mitochondria are recognized and degraded by a selective type of macroautophagy, named mitophagy. One of the main factors contributing to aging is oxidative stress, and one of the early responses to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the induction of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. However, mitochondrial damage caused at least in part by chronic oxidative stress can accumulate, and autophagic and mitophagic pathways can become overwhelmed. The imbalance of the delicate equilibrium among mitophagy, ROS production and mitochondrial damage can start, drive, or accelerate the aging process, either in physiological aging, or in pathological age-related conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It remains to be determined which is the prime mover of this imbalance, i.e., whether it is the mitochondrial damage caused by ROS that initiates the dysregulation of mitophagy, thus activating a vicious circle that leads to the reduced ability to remove damaged mitochondria, or an alteration in the regulation of mitophagy leading to the excessive production of ROS by damaged mitochondria.
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29
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Kannt A, Đikić I. Expanding the arsenal of E3 ubiquitin ligases for proximity-induced protein degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1014-1031. [PMID: 33945791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy and selectivity of molecules inducing protein degradation depend on their affinity to the target protein but also on the type of E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to trigger proteasomal degradation. While tremendous progress has been made on the former, the latter-the arsenal of E3 ligases that can be hijacked for targeted protein degradation-is still largely unexplored. Only about 2% of the more than 600 E3 ligases have been utilized to date. Exploiting additional E3 ligases that are, for example, selectively expressed in specific tissues or cells, or regulated under certain conditions, can considerably broaden the applicability of molecular degraders as a therapeutic modality. Here, we provide an overview of major classes of E3 ligases, review the enzymes that have been exploited for induced protein degradation and approaches used to identify or design E3 ligands, and highlight challenges and opportunities for targeting new E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ivan Đikić
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Song MY, Lee DY, Chun KS, Kim EH. The Role of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4376. [PMID: 33922165 PMCID: PMC8122702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, also called Nfe2l2) and its cytoplasmic repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are major regulators of redox homeostasis controlling a multiple of genes for detoxification and cytoprotective enzymes. The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of metabolic, oxidative stress, inflammation, and anticancer effects. Interestingly, a recent accumulation of evidence has indicated that NRF2 exhibits an aberrant activation in cancer. Evidence has shown that the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is associated with the proliferation of cancer cells and tumerigenesis through metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory molecular mechanism of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway against metabolic reprogramming in cancer, suggesting that the regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 axis might approach as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
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Baba T, Tanimura S, Yamaguchi A, Horikawa K, Yokozeki M, Hachiya S, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Matsuda N, Takeda K. Cleaved PGAM5 dephosphorylates nuclear serine/arginine-rich proteins during mitophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119045. [PMID: 33872670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PGAM5 is a protein phosphatase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane through its transmembrane (TM) domain and is cleaved within the TM domain upon mitochondrial dysfunction. We found previously that cleaved PGAM5 is released from mitochondria, following proteasome-mediated rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane during mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy specific to mitochondria. Here, we examined the role of cleaved PGAM5 outside mitochondria. Deletion mutants that mimic cleaved PGAM5 existed not only in the cytosol but also in the nucleus, and a fraction of cleaved PGAM5 translocated to the nucleus during mitophagy induced by the uncoupler CCCP. We identified serine/arginine-related nuclear matrix protein of 160 kDa (SRm160)/SRRM1, which contains a highly phosphorylated domain rich in arginine/serine dipeptides, called the RS domain, as a nuclear protein that interacts with PGAM5. PGAM5 dephosphorylated SRm160, and incubation of lysates from WT cells, but not of those from PGAM5-deficient cells, induced dephosphorylation of SRm160 and another RS domain-containing protein SRSF1, one of the most characterized serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. Moreover, phosphorylation of these proteins and other SR proteins, which are commonly reactive toward the 1H4 monoclonal antibody that detects phosphorylated SR proteins, decreased during mitophagy, largely because of PGAM5 activity. These results suggest that PGAM5 regulates phosphorylation of these nuclear proteins during mitophagy. Because SRm160 and SR proteins play critical roles in mRNA metabolism, PGAM5 may coordinate cellular responses to mitochondrial stress at least in part through post-transcriptional and pre-translational events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Baba
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ayane Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Koichiro Horikawa
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokozeki
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Saki Hachiya
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Iida Y, Gon Y, Nakanishi Y, Kurosawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Mizumura K, Shimizu T, Takahashi N, Masuda S. Genomic analysis between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung cancer using laser-assisted microdissection: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1449-1452. [PMID: 33784423 PMCID: PMC8088965 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the most fatal complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathogenesis of the development of LC from IPF is still unclear. Here, we report a case of IPF‐associated LC for which we investigated the genetic alterations between IPF and LC. We extracted formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded DNA from each part of the surgical lung tissue using a laser‐assisted microdissection technique. The mutations in each part were detected by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using 72 lung cancer‐related mutation panels. Five mutations were found in IPF and four in LC. Almost all somatic mutations did not overlap between the IPF and LC regions. These findings suggest that IPF‐associated LC may not be a result of the accumulation of somatic mutations in the regenerated epithelium of the honeycomb lung in the IPF region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurosawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Itabashi Medical Association Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 System as a Molecular Target of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010046. [PMID: 33375248 PMCID: PMC7795874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene; NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates a variety of cytoprotective genes, including antioxidant enzymes, detoxification enzymes, inflammation-related proteins, drug transporters and metabolic enzymes. NRF2 is regulated by unique molecular mechanisms that stem from Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. It has been shown that disturbance or perturbation of the NRF2 activation causes and/or exacerbates many kinds of diseases. On the contrary, aberrant activations of NRF2 also provoke intriguing pathologic features, especially in cancers. Cancer cells with high NRF2 activity have been referred to as NRF2-addicted cancers, which are frequently found in lung cancers. In this review, we summarize the current accomplishments of the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway analyses in special reference to the therapeutic target of cancer therapy. The concept of synthetic lethality provides a new therapeutic approach for NRF2-addicted cancers. Abstract The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)—Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene; NRF2) system attracts extensive interest from scientists in basic and clinical cancer research fields, as NRF2 exhibits activity as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor, depending on the context. Especially unique and malignant, NRF2-addicted cancers exhibit high levels of NRF2 expression. Somatic mutations identified in the NRF2 or KEAP1 genes of NRF2-addicted cancers cause the stabilization and accumulation of NRF2. NRF2-addicted cancers hijack the intrinsic roles that NRF2 plays in cytoprotection, including antioxidative and anti-electrophilic responses, as well as metabolic reprogramming, and acquire a marked advantage to survive under severe and limited microenvironments. Therefore, NRF2 inhibitors are expected to have therapeutic effects in patients with NRF2-addicted cancers. In contrast, NRF2 activation in host immune cells exerts significant suppression of cancer cell growth, indicating that NRF2 inducers also have the potential to be therapeutics for cancers. Thus, the KEAP1–NRF2 system makes a broad range of contributions to both cancer development and suppression. These observations thus demonstrate that both NRF2 inhibitors and inducers are useful for the treatment of cancers with high NRF2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-728-3039
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Xue C, Gu X, Li G, Bao Z, Li L. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Necroptosis in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010066. [PMID: 33374660 PMCID: PMC7793526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death represents a basic biological paradigm that governs outcomes and long-term sequelae in almost every hepatic disease. Necroptosis is a common form of programmed cell death in the liver. Necroptosis can be activated by ligands of death receptors, which then interact with receptor-interactive protein kinases 1 (RIPK1). RIPK1 mediates receptor interacting receptor-interactive protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and necrosome formation. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necrosome complex can enhance oxidative respiration and generate reactive oxygen species, which can be a crucial factor in the susceptibility of cells to necroptosis. The necrosome complex is also linked to mitochondrial components such as phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), metabolic enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial permeability protein, and cyclophilin D. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria-mediated cell necroptosis in acute liver injury, chronic liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and its possible translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Cheng M, Lin N, Dong D, Ma J, Su J, Sun L. PGAM5: A crucial role in mitochondrial dynamics and programmed cell death. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 100:151144. [PMID: 33370650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to mitochondrial damage, mitochondria activate mitochondrial dynamics to maintain normal functions, and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics triggers multiple programmed cell death processes. Recent studies have shown that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is associated with mitochondrial damage. PGAM5 activates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to promote a cellular compensatory response when mitochondria are mildly damaged, whereas severe damage to mitochondria leads to PGAM5 inducing excessive mitochondria fission, disruption to mitochondrial movement, and amplification of apoptosis, necroptosis and mitophagic death signals, which eventually evoke cell death. PGAM5 functions mainly through protein-protein interactions and specific Ser/Thr/His protein phosphatase activity. PGAM5 is also regulated by mitochondrial proteases. Detection of PGAM5 and its interacting protein partners should enable a more accurate evaluation of mitochondrial damage and a more precise method for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Delu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 exacerbates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through disrupting mitochondrial quality control. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101777. [PMID: 33166869 PMCID: PMC7658715 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The death of cardiomyocytes either through apoptosis or necroptosis is the pathological feature of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrially-localized serine/threonine-protein phosphatase, functions as a novel inducer of necroptosis. However, intense debate exists regarding the effect of PGAM5 on I/R-related cardiomyocyte death. Using cardiac-specific PGAM5 knockout (PGAM5CKO) mice, we comprehensively investigated the precise contribution and molecular mechanism of PGAM5 in cardiomyocyte death. Our data showed that both PGAM5 transcription and expression were upregulated in reperfused myocardium. Genetic ablation of PGAM5 suppressed I/R-mediated necroptosis but failed to prevent apoptosis activation, a result that went along with improved heart function and decreased inflammation response. Regardless of PGAM5 status, mitophagy-related cell death was not apparent following I/R. Under physiological conditions, PGAM5 overexpression in primary cardiomyocytes was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte necroptosis rather than apoptosis. At the sub-cellular levels, PGAM5 deficiency increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcript levels, normalized mitochondrial respiration, repressed mitochondrial ROS production, and prevented abnormal mPTP opening upon I/R. Molecular investigation demonstrated that PGAM5 deletion interrupted I/R-mediated DrpS637 dephosphorylation but failed to abolish I/R-induce Drp1S616 phosphorylation, resulting in partial inhibition of mitochondrial fission. In addition, declining Mfn2 and OPA1 levels were restored in PGAM5CKO cardiomyocytes following I/R. Nevertheless, PGAM5 depletion did not rescue suppressed mitophagy upon I/R injury. In conclusion, our results provide an insight into the specific role and working mechanism of PGAM5 in driving cardiomyocyte necroptosis through imposing mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R injury.
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Shao N, Huang H, Idris M, Peng X, Xu F, Dong S, Liu C. KEAP1 Mutations Drive Tumorigenesis by Suppressing SOX9 Ubiquitination and Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001018. [PMID: 33173725 PMCID: PMC7610265 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is frequently amplified in diverse advanced-stage human tumors. Its stability has been shown to be tightly controlled by ubiquitination-dependent proteasome degradation. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This work reports that SOX9 protein abundance is regulated by the Cullin 3-based ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 via proteasome-mediated degradation. Loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1 compromise polyubiquitination-mediated SOX9 degradation, leading to increased protein levels, which facilitate tumorigenesis. Moreover, the loss of critical ubiquitination residues in SOX9, by either a SOX9 (ΔK2) truncation or K249R mutation, leads to elevated protein stability. Furthermore, it is shown that the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction is modulated by CKIγ-mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, it is demonstrated that DNA damage drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors, can trigger CKI activation to restore the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction and its consequent degradation. Collectively, herein the findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism through which SOX9 protein stability is negatively regulated by KEAP1 to control tumorigenesis. Thus, these results suggest that mitigating SOX9 resistance to KEAP1-mediated degradation can represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with KEAP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceSchool of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- Center of Biological TherapySouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Idris
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceSchool of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Center of Biological TherapySouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
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Kopacz A, Kloska D, Forman HJ, Jozkowicz A, Grochot-Przeczek A. Beyond repression of Nrf2: An update on Keap1. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:63-74. [PMID: 32234331 PMCID: PMC7732858 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 (NFE2L2 - nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a transcription factor, which is repressed by interaction with a redox-sensitive protein Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1). Deregulation of Nrf2 transcriptional activity has been described in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, and the Nrf2/Keap1 axis has emerged as a crucial modulator of cellular homeostasis. Whereas the significance of Nrf2 in the modulation of biological processes has been well established and broadly discussed in detail, the focus on Keap1 rarely goes beyond the regulation of Nrf2 activity and redox sensing. However, recent studies and scrutinized analysis of available data point to Keap1 as an intriguing and potent regulator of cellular function. This review aims to shed more light on Keap1 structure, interactome, regulation and non-canonical functions, thereby enhancing its significance in cell biology. We also intend to highlight the impact of balance between Keap1 and Nrf2 in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kopacz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Kloska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grochot-Przeczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Manivanh R, Mehrbach J, Charron AJ, Grassetti A, Cerón S, Taylor SA, Cabrera JR, Gerber S, Leib DA. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP34.5 Alters Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. J Virol 2020; 94:e01784-19. [PMID: 32376626 PMCID: PMC7343198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01784-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of viral genes and activation of innate antiviral responses during infection result in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and toxic by-products of energy metabolism which can lead to cell death. The mitochondrion and its associated proteins are crucial regulators of these responses and related pathways such as autophagy and apoptosis. Through a mass spectrometry approach, we have shown that the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) neurovirulence- and autophagy-modulating protein ICP34.5 interacts with numerous mitochondrion-associated factors. Specifically, we showed that amino acids 68 to 87 of ICP34.5, the domain that binds beclin1 and controls neurovirulence, are necessary for interactions with PGAM5, KEAP1, and other regulators of the antioxidant response, mitochondrial trafficking, and programmed cell death. We further show that while this domain interacts with multiple cellular stress response factors, it does not alter apoptosis or antioxidant gene expression. That said, the attenuated replication of a recombinant virus lacking residues 68 to 87 (termed Δ68-87) in primary human fibroblasts was restored by addition of ferric nitrate. Furthermore, in primary mouse neurons, the perinuclear localization of mitochondria that follows infection with HSV-1 was notably absent following Δ68-87 infection. Through this 20-amino-acid domain, ICP34.5 significantly reduces mitochondrial motility in axons of neurons. We propose the hypothesis that ICP34.5 promotes perinuclear mitochondrial localization by modulating transport of mitochondria through interaction with PGAM5. These data expand upon previous observations of altered mitochondrial dynamics following alphaherpesvirus infections and identify a key determinant of this activity during HSV-1 infections.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus persists lifelong in neurons and can reactivate to cause recurrent lesions in mucosal tissues. A key determinant of virulence is the viral protein ICP34.5, of which residues 68 to 87 significantly contribute to neurovirulence through an unknown mechanism. Our report provides evidence that residues 68 to 87 of ICP34.5 are required for binding mitochondrion-associated factors. These interactions alter mitochondrial dynamics in neurons, thereby facilitating viral replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Manivanh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jesse Mehrbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Audra J Charron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrew Grassetti
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stacey Cerón
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sean A Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jorge Rubén Cabrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott Gerber
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - David A Leib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Pyaram K, Kumar A, Kim YH, Noel S, Reddy SP, Rabb H, Chang CH. Keap1-Nrf2 System Plays an Important Role in Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Development and Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:699-707.e4. [PMID: 30995469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) proteins work in concert to regulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant system also participates in T cell differentiation and inflammation, but its role in innate T cell development and functions remains unclear. We report that T cell-specific deletion of Keap1 results in defective development and reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells in the thymus and the peripheral organs in a cell-intrinsic manner. The frequency of NKT2 and NKT17 cells increases while NKT1 decreases in these mice. Keap1-deficient NKT cells show increased rates of proliferation and apoptosis, as well as increased glucose uptake and mitochondrial function, but reduced ROS, CD122, and Bcl2 expression. In NKT cells deficient in Nrf2 and Keap1, all these phenotypic and metabolic defects are corrected. Thus, the Keap1-Nrf2 system contributes to NKT cell development and homeostasis by regulating cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pyaram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yeung-Hyen Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sanjeev Noel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cheong-Hee Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Nordgren KKS, Wallace KB. Disruption of the Keap1/Nrf2-Antioxidant Response System After Chronic Doxorubicin Exposure In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:557-570. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zuo W, Yan F, Liu Z, Zhang B. miR-330 regulates Drp-1 mediated mitophagy by targeting PGAM5 in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173143. [PMID: 32360974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence have suggested that mitophagy could exert a neuroprotective role in brain ischemia by removing the damaged mitochondria. However the upstream mechanisms of mitophagy are remain unclear. We previously observed a decrease of miR-330 in a miRNA profile of plasma from patients within 3 h after a stroke. Our study further focused on the role and mechanism of miR-330 in mitophagy induced by hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) in rats. Cerebral ischemia model in rats was made with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In vitro, ischemic model in primary neurons was established with oxygen-glucose deprivation. Various methods, including TTC staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were used to clarify the role of miR-330 after H/I, and whether miR-330/phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) axis could regulate dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) mediated mitophagy. MiR-330 levels decreased both in rat plasma and in ipsilateral brain tissues after H/I. Pretreating animals with miR-330 antagomir could decrease cerebral infarction, edema, mortality, and apoptosis after 6-h pMCAO. PGAM5 was validated as a target of miR-330. MiR-330 agomir and antagomir transfection respectively decreased and increased the PGAM5 protein expression. MiR-330 could down-regulate mitophagy by inhibiting PGAM5-induced Drp1 dephosphorylation, thus reducing the recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondrial outer membrane and Drp1-mediated mitophagy after H/I. Our results suggest a role of miR-330 in regulating mitophagy. Our study suggested a novel miR-based intervention strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education", Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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43
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Zhang Y, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Wang H, Peng Y. Emerging Substrate Proteins of Kelch-like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) and Potential Challenges for the Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Keap1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7986-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zeyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
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44
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Gnädig NF, Stokes BH, Edwards RL, Kalantarov GF, Heimsch KC, Kuderjavy M, Crane A, Lee MCS, Straimer J, Becker K, Trakht IN, Odom John AR, Mok S, Fidock DA. Insights into the intracellular localization, protein associations and artemisinin resistance properties of Plasmodium falciparum K13. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008482. [PMID: 32310999 PMCID: PMC7192513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum intra-erythrocytic parasites has led to increasing treatment failure rates with first-line ART-based combination therapies in Southeast Asia. Decreased parasite susceptibility is caused by K13 mutations, which are associated clinically with delayed parasite clearance in patients and in vitro with an enhanced ability of ring-stage parasites to survive brief exposure to the active ART metabolite dihydroartemisinin. Herein, we describe a panel of K13-specific monoclonal antibodies and gene-edited parasite lines co-expressing epitope-tagged versions of K13 in trans. By applying an analytical quantitative imaging pipeline, we localize K13 to the parasite endoplasmic reticulum, Rab-positive vesicles, and sites adjacent to cytostomes. These latter structures form at the parasite plasma membrane and traffic hemoglobin to the digestive vacuole wherein artemisinin-activating heme moieties are released. We also provide evidence of K13 partially localizing near the parasite mitochondria upon treatment with dihydroartemisinin. Immunoprecipitation data generated with K13-specific monoclonal antibodies identify multiple putative K13-associated proteins, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident molecules, mitochondrial proteins, and Rab GTPases, in both K13 mutant and wild-type isogenic lines. We also find that mutant K13-mediated resistance is reversed upon co-expression of wild-type or mutant K13. These data help define the biological properties of K13 and its role in mediating P. falciparum resistance to ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina F. Gnädig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Barbara H. Stokes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Gavreel F. Kalantarov
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kim C. Heimsch
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Audrey Crane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marcus C. S. Lee
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Straimer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ilya N. Trakht
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Audrey R. Odom John
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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45
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Manda G, Rojo AI, Martínez-Klimova E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid: From Herbal Medicine to Clinical Development for Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32184727 PMCID: PMC7058590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata, the creosote bush found in Mexico and USA deserts, that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. NDGA presents two catechol rings that confer a very potent antioxidant activity by scavenging oxygen free radicals and this may explain part of its therapeutic action. Additional effects include inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and activation of signaling pathways that impinge on the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor (NRF2). On the other hand, the oxidation of the catechols to the corresponding quinones my elicit alterations in proteins and DNA that raise safety concerns. This review describes the current knowledge on NDGA, its targets and side effects, and its synthetic analogs as promising therapeutic agents, highlighting their mechanism of action and clinical projection towards therapy of neurodegenerative, liver, and kidney disease, as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Zhong M, Lynch A, Muellers SN, Jehle S, Luo L, Hall DR, Iwase R, Carolan JP, Egbert M, Wakefield A, Streu K, Harvey CM, Ortet PC, Kozakov D, Vajda S, Allen KN, Whitty A. Interaction Energetics and Druggability of the Protein-Protein Interaction between Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like 2 (Nrf2). Biochemistry 2020; 59:563-581. [PMID: 31851823 PMCID: PMC8177486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is hampered by our poor understanding of the druggability of PPI target sites. Here, we describe the combined application of alanine-scanning mutagenesis, fragment screening, and FTMap computational hot spot mapping to evaluate the energetics and druggability of the highly charged PPI interface between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), an important drug target. FTMap identifies four binding energy hot spots at the active site. Only two of these are exploited by Nrf2, which alanine scanning of both proteins shows to bind primarily through E79 and E82 interacting with KEAP1 residues S363, R380, R415, R483, and S508. We identify fragment hits and obtain X-ray complex structures for three fragments via crystal soaking using a new crystal form of KEAP1. Combining these results provides a comprehensive and quantitative picture of the origins of binding energy at the interface. Our findings additionally reveal non-native interactions that might be exploited in the design of uncharged synthetic ligands to occupy the same site on KEAP1 that has evolved to bind the highly charged DEETGE binding loop of Nrf2. These include π-stacking with KEAP1 Y525 and interactions at an FTMap-identified hot spot deep in the binding site. Finally, we discuss how the complementary information provided by alanine-scanning mutagenesis, fragment screening, and computational hot spot mapping can be integrated to more comprehensively evaluate PPI druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David R Hall
- Acpharis, Inc. , 160 North Mill Street , Holliston , Massachusetts 01746 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Sandor Vajda
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Karen N Allen
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Adrian Whitty
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Center , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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47
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Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:105-117. [PMID: 31972372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous homeostatic mechanism for the degradation or turnover of cellular components. Degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in a number of physiological processes including cellular homeostasis, differentiation and aging. Upon stress or injury, mitophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the increased steady state levels of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and cell death. A number of human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, have been linked to the dysregulation of mitophagy. In this mini-review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and their relationship with redox signaling and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Xiang L, Zhang Q, Chi C, Wu G, Lin Z, Li J, Gu Q, Chen G. Curcumin analog A13 alleviates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/ARE pathway and ameliorates fibrosis in the myocardium of high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:1. [PMID: 31921358 PMCID: PMC6947902 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiomyopathy. Increasing oxidative stress may be one of the main factors of diabetic cardiomyopathy. A13, a newly synthesized curcumin analog, was proved to be superior to curcumin in biological activity. However, little know about how A13 performed in diabetic models. In this study, we evaluated the ability of curcumin analog A13 to alleviate oxidative stress and ameliorate fibrosis in the myocardium, and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5) induced diabetes in high-fat fed rats. The rats were respectively treated with a daily dose of curcumin or A13 via intragastric intubation for 8 weeks. Myocardial tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin; oxidative stress was detected by biochemical assays; activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR; myocardial fibrosis was identified by Western blot and Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS Treatment with curcumin analog A13 reduced the histological lesions of the myocardium in diabetic rats. Curcumin and A13 treatment decreased the malondialdehyde level and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the myocardium of diabetic rats. Molecular analysis and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that dose of 20 mg/kg of A13 could activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Molecular analysis and Masson staining showed that curcumin analog A13 treatment significantly ameliorated fibrosis in myocardium of these diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Treatment with curcumin analog A13 protects the morphology of myocardium, restores the MDA levels and SOD activity, activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. It may be a useful therapeutic agent for some aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanting Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Gu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianru Gu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated To Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Carlson J, Price L, Deng H. Nrf2 and the Nrf2-Interacting Network in Respiratory Inflammation and Diseases. NRF2 AND ITS MODULATION IN INFLAMMATION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7241096 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44599-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants and cigarette smoke influence the human respiratory system and induce airway inflammation, injury, and pathogenesis. Activation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and downstream antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptions play a central role in protecting respiratory cells against reactive oxidative species (ROS) that are induced by airway toxins and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that Nrf2 can also target and activate many genes involved in developmental programs such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, and metabolism. Nrf2 is closely regulated by the interaction with kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), while also directly interacts with a number of other proteins, including inflammatory factors, transcription factors, autophagy mediators, kinases, epigenetic modifiers, etc. It is believed that the multiple target genes and the complicated interacting network of Nrf2 account for the roles of Nrf2 in physiologies and pathogeneses. This chapter summarizes the molecular functions and protein interactions of Nrf2, as well as the roles of Nrf2 and the Nrf2-interacting network in respiratory inflammation and diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), cystic fibrosis (CF), viral/bacterial infections, and lung cancers. Therapeutic applications that target Nrf2 and its interacting proteins in respiratory diseases are also reviewed.
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Abstract
Histidine phosphorylation of proteins is increasingly recognised as an important regulatory posttranslational modification in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. The HP (Histidine Phosphatase) superfamily, named for a key catalytic His residue, harbors two known groups of protein phosphohistidine phosphatases (PPHPs). The bacterial SixA protein acts as a regulator of His-Asp phosphorelays with two substrates characterized in vitro and/or in vivo. The recently characterized eukaryotic PHPP PGAM5 only has one currently known substrate, NDPK-B, through which it helps regulate T-cell signaling. SixA and PGAM5 appear to share no particular sequence or structural features relating to their PPHP activity suggesting that PHPP activity has arisen independently in different lineages of the HP superfamily. Further members of the HP superfamily may thus harbor (additional) unsuspected PHPP activity.
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