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McNeill MC, Li Mow Chee F, Ebrahimighaei R, Sala-Newby GB, Newby AC, Hathway T, Annaiah AS, Joseph S, Carrabba M, Bond M. Substrate stiffness promotes vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by reducing the levels of nuclear actin monomers. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:65-79. [PMID: 38181546 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is a prevalent independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and is associated with diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating the osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are not fully understood. METHODS Using hydrogels of tuneable stiffness and lysyl oxidase-mediated stiffening of human saphenous vein ex vivo, we investigated the role of substrate stiffness in the regulation of VSMC calcification. RESULTS We demonstrate that increased substrate stiffness enhances VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VSMC calcification. We show that the effects of substrate stiffness are mediated via a reduction in the level of actin monomer within the nucleus. We show that in cells interacting with soft substrate, elevated levels of nuclear actin monomer repress osteogenic differentiation and calcification by repressing YAP-mediated activation of both TEA Domain transcription factor (TEAD) and RUNX Family Transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). CONCLUSION This work highlights for the first time the role of nuclear actin in mediating substrate stiffness-dependent VSMC calcification and the dual role of YAP-TEAD and YAP-RUNX2 transcriptional complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C McNeill
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - F Li Mow Chee
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - R Ebrahimighaei
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - G B Sala-Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - A C Newby
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - T Hathway
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - A S Annaiah
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospital, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - S Joseph
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospital, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M Carrabba
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bond
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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2
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O'Brien MJ, Ansari A. Protein interaction network revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis links TFIIB to multiple aspects of the transcription cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140968. [PMID: 37863410 PMCID: PMC10872477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Although TFIIB is widely regarded as an initiation factor, recent reports have implicated it in multiple aspects of eukaryotic transcription. To investigate the broader role of TFIIB in transcription, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of yeast TFIIB. We purified two different populations of TFIIB; one from soluble cell lysate, which is not engaged in transcription, and the other from the chromatin fraction which yields the transcriptionally active form of the protein. TFIIB purified from the chromatin exhibits several interactions that explain its non-canonical roles in transcription. RNAPII, TFIIF and TFIIH were the only components of the preinitiation complex with a significant presence in chromatin TFIIB. A notable feature was enrichment of all subunits of CF1 and Rat1 3' end processing-termination complexes in chromatin-TFIIB preparation. Subunits of the CPF termination complex were also detected in both chromatin and soluble derived TFIIB preparations. These results may explain the presence of TFIIB at the 3' end of genes during transcription as well as its role in promoter-termination interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Biological Science, 5047 Gullen Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Athar Ansari
- Department of Biological Science, 5047 Gullen Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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3
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Soon HR, Gaunt JR, Bansal VA, Lenherr C, Sze SK, Ch’ng TH. Seizure enhances SUMOylation and zinc-finger transcriptional repression in neuronal nuclei. iScience 2023; 26:107707. [PMID: 37694138 PMCID: PMC10483055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A single episode of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus can trigger the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rodent model for epilepsy. The initial seizure-induced events in neuronal nuclei that lead to long-term changes in gene expression and cellular responses likely contribute toward epileptogenesis. Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically isolate excitatory neuronal nuclei, we profiled the seizure-induced nuclear proteome via tandem mass tag mass spectrometry and observed robust enrichment of nuclear proteins associated with the SUMOylation pathway. In parallel with nuclear proteome, we characterized nuclear gene expression by RNA sequencing which provided insights into seizure-driven transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Strikingly, we saw widespread downregulation of zinc-finger transcription factors, specifically proteins that harbor Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domains. Our results provide a detailed snapshot of nuclear events induced by seizure activity and demonstrate a robust method for cell-type-specific nuclear profiling that can be applied to other cell types and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Soon
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
| | - Jessica Ruth Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Vibhavari Aysha Bansal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Clara Lenherr
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON, Canada
| | - Toh Hean Ch’ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
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4
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Wei C, Wei Y, Cheng J, Tan X, Zhou Z, Lin S, Pang L. Identification and verification of diagnostic biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss via machine learning algorithm and WGCNA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241816. [PMID: 37691920 PMCID: PMC10485775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent pregnancy loss defined as the occurrence of two or more pregnancy losses before 20-24 weeks of gestation, is a prevalent and significant pathological condition that impacts human reproductive health. However, the underlying mechanism of RPL remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers and molecular mechanisms associated with RPL and explore novel treatment strategies for clinical applications. Methods The GEO database was utilized to retrieve the RPL gene expression profile GSE165004. This profile underwent differential expression analysis, WGCNA, functional enrichment, and subsequent analysis of RPL gene expression using LASSO regression, SVM-RFE, and RandomForest algorithms for hub gene screening. ANN model were constructed to assess the performance of hub genes in the dataset. The expression of hub genes in both the RPL and control group samples was validated using RT-qPCR. The immune cell infiltration level of RPL was assessed using CIBERSORT. Additionally, pan-cancer analysis was conducted using Sangerbox, and small-molecule drug screening was performed using CMap. Results A total of 352 DEGs were identified, including 198 up-regulated genes and 154 down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were primarily associated with Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and various metabolism-related pathways. The turquoise module, which showed the highest relevance to clinical symptoms based on WGCNA results, contained 104 DEGs. Three hub genes, WBP11, ACTR2, and NCSTN, were identified using machine learning algorithms. ROC curves demonstrated a strong diagnostic value when the three hub genes were combined. RT-qPCR confirmed the low expression of WBP11 and ACTR2 in RPL, whereas NCSTN exhibited high expression. The immune cell infiltration analysis results indicated an imbalance of macrophages in RPL. Meanwhile, these three hub genes exhibited aberrant expression in multiple malignancies and were associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, we identified several small-molecule drugs. Conclusion This study identifies and validates hub genes in RPL, which may lead to significant advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Wei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyun Wei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinlian Cheng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Tan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lihong Pang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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5
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Moustafa A, Hashemi S, Brar G, Grigull J, Ng SHS, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G, McDermott JC. The MEF2A transcription factor interactome in cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:240. [PMID: 37019881 PMCID: PMC10076289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators encoded by the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) gene family play a fundamental role in cardiac development, homeostasis and pathology. Previous studies indicate that MEF2A protein-protein interactions serve as a network hub in several cardiomyocyte cellular processes. Based on the idea that interactions with regulatory protein partners underly the diverse roles of MEF2A in cardiomyocyte gene expression, we undertook a systematic unbiased screen of the MEF2A protein interactome in primary cardiomyocytes using an affinity purification-based quantitative mass spectrometry approach. Bioinformatic processing of the MEF2A interactome revealed protein networks involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, inflammatory responses, actin dynamics and stress signaling in primary cardiomyocytes. Further biochemical and functional confirmation of specific protein-protein interactions documented a dynamic interaction between MEF2A and STAT3 proteins. Integration of transcriptome level data from MEF2A and STAT3-depleted cardiomyocytes reveals that the balance between MEF2A and STAT3 activity exerts a level of executive control over the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte cell survival and experimentally ameliorates Phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Lastly, we identified several MEF2A/STAT3 co-regulated genes, including the MMP9 gene. Herein, we document the cardiomyocyte MEF2A interactome, which furthers our understanding of protein networks involved in the hierarchical control of normal and pathophysiological cardiomyocyte gene expression in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Seneca College, School of Health Sciences, King City, ON, L7B 1B3, Canada
| | - Gurnoor Brar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jörg Grigull
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Siemon H S Ng
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Analytical Development, Notch Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Greaves D, Calle Y. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Associated Invasive Adhesions in Solid and Haematological Tumours. Cells 2022; 11:649. [PMID: 35203300 PMCID: PMC8869945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumours, cancer cells that undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) express characteristic gene expression signatures that promote invasive migration as well as the development of stemness, immunosuppression and drug/radiotherapy resistance, contributing to the formation of currently untreatable metastatic tumours. The cancer traits associated with EMT can be controlled by the signalling nodes at characteristic adhesion sites (focal contacts, invadopodia and microtentacles) where the regulation of cell migration, cell cycle progression and pro-survival signalling converge. In haematological tumours, ample evidence accumulated during the last decade indicates that the development of an EMT-like phenotype is indicative of poor disease prognosis. However, this EMT phenotype has not been directly linked to the assembly of specific forms of adhesions. In the current review we discuss the role of EMT in haematological malignancies and examine its possible link with the progression towards more invasive and aggressive forms of these tumours. We also review the known types of adhesions formed by haematological malignancies and speculate on their possible connection with the EMT phenotype. We postulate that understanding the architecture and regulation of EMT-related adhesions will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions to overcome disease progression and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life Sciences and Health, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
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8
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Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved protein in mammals. The actin dynamics is regulated by actin-binding proteins and actin-related proteins. Nuclear actin and these regulatory proteins participate in multiple nuclear processes, including chromosome architecture organization, chromatin remodeling, transcription machinery regulation, and DNA repair. It is well known that the dysfunctions of these processes contribute to the development of cancer. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that the deregulated actin dynamics is also related to cancer. This chapter discusses how the deregulation of nuclear actin dynamics contributes to tumorigenesis via such various nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Record J, Saeed MB, Venit T, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682294. [PMID: 34422807 PMCID: PMC8375500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Venit T, El Said NH, Mahmood SR, Percipalle P. A dynamic actin-dependent nucleoskeleton and cell identity. J Biochem 2021; 169:243-257. [PMID: 33351909 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an essential regulator of cellular functions. In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, actin regulates chromatin as a bona fide component of chromatin remodelling complexes, it associates with nuclear RNA polymerases to regulate transcription and is involved in co-transcriptional assembly of nascent RNAs into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Actin dynamics are, therefore, emerging as a major regulatory factor affecting diverse cellular processes. Importantly, the involvement of actin dynamics in nuclear functions is redefining the concept of nucleoskeleton from a rigid scaffold to a dynamic entity that is likely linked to the three-dimensional organization of the nuclear genome. In this review, we discuss how nuclear actin, by regulating chromatin structure through phase separation may contribute to the architecture of the nuclear genome during cell differentiation and facilitate the expression of specific gene programs. We focus specifically on mitochondrial genes and how their dysregulation in the absence of actin raises important questions about the role of cytoskeletal proteins in regulating chromatin structure. The discovery of a novel pool of mitochondrial actin that serves as 'mitoskeleton' to facilitate organization of mtDNA supports a general role for actin in genome architecture and a possible function of distinct actin pools in the communication between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Hosny El Said
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Silver Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Antón IM, Wandosell F. WIP, YAP/TAZ and Actin Connections Orchestrate Development and Transformation in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673986. [PMID: 34195190 PMCID: PMC8237755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are transcription co-regulators that make up the terminal components of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a role in organ size control and derived tissue homeostasis through regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of a wide variety of differentiated and stem cells. Hippo/YAP signaling contributes to normal development of the nervous system, as it participates in self-renewal of neural stem cells, proliferation of neural progenitor cells and differentiation, activation and myelination of glial cells. Not surprisingly, alterations in this pathway underlie the development of severe neurological diseases. In glioblastomas, YAP and TAZ levels directly correlate with the amount of the actin-binding molecule WIP (WASP interacting protein), which regulates stemness and invasiveness. In neurons, WIP modulates cytoskeleton dynamics through actin polymerization/depolymerization and acts as a negative regulator of neuritogenesis, dendrite branching and dendritic spine formation. Our working hypothesis is that WIP regulates the YAP/TAZ pools using a Hippo-independent pathway. Thus, in this review we will present some of the data that links WIP, YAP and TAZ, with a focus on their function in cells from the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is hoped that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in brain and nervous development and the pathologies that arise due to their alteration will reveal novel therapeutic targets for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés M Antón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Autophagy mediated lipid catabolism facilitates glioma progression to overcome bioenergetic crisis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1711-1723. [PMID: 33723393 PMCID: PMC8110959 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mTORC1 plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, the metabolic mechanisms to sustain mTORC1 activation of cancer cells within stressed environments are still under-appreciated. We recently revealed high autophagy activity in tumour cells with mTORC1 hyper-activation. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms of autophagy in regulating mTORC1 in glioma are not studied. METHODS Using glioma patient database and human glioma cells, we assessed the mechanisms and function of selective autophagy to sustain mTORC1 hyper-activation in glioma. RESULTS We revealed a strong association of altered mRNA levels in mTORC1 upstream and downstream genes with prognosis of glioma patients. Our results indicated that autophagy-mediated lipid catabolism was essential to sustain mTORC1 activity in glioma cells under energy stresses. We found that autophagy inhibitors or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitors in combination with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) decreased energy production and survival of glioma cells in vitro. Consistently, inhibition of autophagy or FAO inhibitors with 2DG effectively suppressed the progression of xenografted glioma with hyper-activated mTORC1. CONCLUSIONS This study established an autophagy/lipid degradation/FAO/ATP generation pathway, which might be used in brain cancer cells under energy stresses to maintain high mTORC1 signalling for tumour progression.
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13
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Novel role of CAP1 in regulation RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription elongation depends on its actin-depolymerization activity in nucleoplasm. Oncogene 2021; 40:3492-3509. [PMID: 33911205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most intractable diseases with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a well-known actin depolymerization factor, is recently reported to be an oncogene accelerating cancer cell proliferation. However, the physiological significance of CAP1 in lung cancer is incompletely understood and the novel functions of CAP1 in transcriptional regulation remain unknown. Here we found that CAP1 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells, which was also negatively associated with prognosis in lung cancer patients. Moreover, CAP1 promoted A549 cells proliferation by promoting protein synthesis to accelerate cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, we revealed that CAP1 facilitated cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)-mediated RNA polymerases (Pol) II-Ser2 phosphorylation and subsequent transcription elongation, and CAP1 performed its function in this progress depending on its actin-depolymerization activity in nucleoplasm. Furthermore, our in vivo findings confirmed that CAP1-promoted A549 xenograft tumor growth was associated with CDK9-mediated Pol II-Ser2 phosphorylation. Our study elucidates a novel role of CAP1 in modulating transcription by promoting polymerase II phosphorylation and suggests that CAP1 is a newly identified biomarker for lung cancer treatment and prognosis prediction.
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14
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González-Alvarez ME, McGuire BC, Keating AF. Obesity alters the ovarian proteomic response to zearalenone exposure†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:278-289. [PMID: 33855340 PMCID: PMC8256104 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, is detrimental to female reproduction. Altered chemical biotransformation, depleted primordial follicles and a blunted genotoxicant response have been discovered in obese female ovaries, thus, this study investigated the hypothesis that obesity would enhance ovarian sensitivity to ZEN exposure. Seven-week-old female wild-type nonagouti KK.Cg-a/a mice (lean) and agouti lethal yellow KK.Cg-Ay/J mice (obese) received food and water ad libitum, and either saline or ZEN (40 μg/kg) per os for 15 days. Body and organ weights, and estrous cyclicity were recorded, and ovaries collected posteuthanasia for protein analysis. Body and liver weights were increased (P < 0.05) in the obese mice, but obesity did not affect (P > 0.05) heart, kidney, spleen, uterus, or ovary weight and there was no impact (P > 0.05) of ZEN exposure on body or organ weight in lean or obese mice. Obese mice had shorter proestrus (P < 0.05) and a tendency (P = 0.055) for longer metestrus/diestrus. ZEN exposure in obese mice increased estrus but shortened metestrus/diestrus length. Neither obesity nor ZEN exposure impacted (P > 0.05) circulating progesterone, or ovarian abundance of EPHX1, GSTP1, CYP2E1, ATM, BRCA1, DNMT1, HDAC1, H4K16ac, or H3K9me3. Lean mice exposed to ZEN had a minor increase in γH2AX abundance (P < 0.05). In lean and obese mice, LC–MS/MS identified alterations to proteins involved in chemical metabolism, DNA repair and reproduction. These data identify ZEN-induced adverse ovarian modes of action and suggest that obesity is additive to ZEN-induced ovotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Bailey C McGuire
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
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15
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Ulferts S, Prajapati B, Grosse R, Vartiainen MK. Emerging Properties and Functions of Actin and Actin Filaments Inside the Nucleus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040121. [PMID: 33288541 PMCID: PMC7919393 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have provided considerable insights into the dynamic nature of the cell nucleus, which is constantly reorganizing its genome, controlling its size and shape, as well as spatiotemporally orchestrating chromatin remodeling and transcription. Remarkably, it has become clear that the ancient and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein actin plays a crucial part in these processes. However, the underlying mechanisms, regulations, and properties of actin functions inside the nucleus are still not well understood. Here we summarize the diverse and distinct roles of monomeric and filamentous actin as well as the emerging roles for actin dynamics inside the nuclear compartment for genome organization and nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bina Prajapati
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria K. Vartiainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Amaroli A, Sabbieti MG, Marchetti L, Zekiy AO, Utyuzh AS, Marchegiani A, Laus F, Cuteri V, Benedicenti S, Agas D. The effects of 808-nm near-infrared laser light irradiation on actin cytoskeleton reorganization in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1003-1016. [PMID: 33159579 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the cell organelles and thus changing cell homeostatic behavior has permitted the discovery of fascinating metabolic features enabling enhanced viability, differentiation, or quenching inflammation. Recently, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been accredited as an effective cell manipulation technique with promising therapeutic potential. In this prospective, in vitro results revealed that 808-nm laser light emitted by a hand-piece with a flat-top profile at an irradiation set up of 60 J/cm2 (1 W, 1 W/cm2; 60 s, continuous wave) regulates bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation toward osteogenesis. Considering the importance of actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which controls a range of cell metabolic activities, comprising shape change, proliferation and differentiation, the aim of the current work is to assess whether PBM therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on BMSCs, is able to switch photon signals into the stimulation of biochemical/differentiating pathways involving key activators that regulate de novo actin polymerization. Namely, for the first time, we unearthed the role of the flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on cytoskeletal characteristics of BMSCs. These novel findings meet the needs of novel therapeutically protocols provided by laser treatment and the manipulation of BMSCs as anti-inflammatory, osteo-inductive platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Luigi Marchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy S Utyuzh
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy.
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17
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Involvement of Actin and Actin-Binding Proteins in Carcinogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102245. [PMID: 33036298 PMCID: PMC7600575 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in many cellular processes while its reorganization is important in maintaining cell homeostasis. However, in the case of cancer cells, actin and ABPs (actin-binding proteins) are involved in all stages of carcinogenesis. Literature has reported that ABPs such as SATB1 (special AT-rich binding protein 1), WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), nesprin, and villin take part in the initial step of carcinogenesis by regulating oncogene expression. Additionally, changes in actin localization promote cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis (SATB1). In turn, migration and invasion of cancer cells are based on the formation of actin-rich protrusions (Arp2/3 complex, filamin A, fascin, α-actinin, and cofilin). Importantly, more and more scientists suggest that microfilaments together with the associated proteins mediate tumor vascularization. Hence, the presented article aims to summarize literature reports in the context of the potential role of actin and ABPs in all steps of carcinogenesis.
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18
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Yang Z, Wang M, Zeng X, Wan ATY, Tsui SKW. In silico analysis of proteins and microRNAs related to human African trypanosomiasis in tsetse fly. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107347. [PMID: 32745971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, causes millions of deaths worldwide. HAT is primarily transmitted by the vector tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans). Early diagnosis remains a key objective for treating this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in vector-borne diseases. To date, the roles of proteins and miRNAs in HAT disease have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we have re-annotated the function of protein-coding genes and identified several miRNAs based on a series of bioinformatics tools. A batch of 81.1 % of tsetse fly proteins could be determined homology in mosquito genome, suggesting their probable similar mechanisms in vector-borne diseases. A set of 11 novel salivary proteins and 14 midgut proteins were observed in the tsetse fly, which could be applied to the development of vaccine candidates for the control of HAT disease. In addition, 35 novel miRNAs were identified, among which 10 miRNAs were found to be unique in tsetse fly. Pathway analysis of these 10 miRNAs indicated that targets of miR-15a-5p were significantly enriched in the HAT-related neurotrophin signaling pathway. Besides, topological analysis of the miRNA-gene network indicated that miR-619-5p and miR-2490-3p targeted several genes that respond to trypanosome infection, including thioester-containing protein Tep1 and heat shock protein Hsp60a. In conclusion, our work helps to elucidate the function of miRNAs in tsetse fly and establishes a foundation for further investigations into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of HAT disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Zeng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Tsz-Yau Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Cornelio-Parra DV, Goswami R, Costanzo K, Morales-Sosa P, Mohan RD. Function and regulation of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase (SAGA) deubiquitinase module. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1864:194630. [PMID: 32911111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin modifying complex is a critical regulator of gene expression and is highly conserved across species. Subunits of SAGA arrange into discrete modules with lysine aceyltransferase and deubiquitinase activities housed separately. Mutation of the SAGA deubiquitinase module can lead to substantial biological misfunction and diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and blindness. Here, we review the structure and functions of the SAGA deubiquitinase module and regulatory mechanisms acting to control these.
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20
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Abstract
The presence of actin in the nucleus has historically been a highly contentious issue. It is now, however, well accepted that actin has physiologically important roles in the nucleus. In this Review, we describe the evolution of our thinking about actin in the nucleus starting with evidence supporting its involvement in transcription, chromatin remodeling and intranuclear movements. We also review the growing literature on the mechanisms that regulate the import and export of actin and how post-translational modifications of actin could regulate nuclear actin. We end with an extended discussion of the role of nuclear actin in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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21
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Wei M, Fan X, Ding M, Li R, Shao S, Hou Y, Meng S, Tang F, Li C, Sun Y. Nuclear actin regulates inducible transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase II clustering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6515. [PMID: 32494599 PMCID: PMC7159918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in response to stimuli underlies many fundamental processes. However, how transcription is regulated under these scenarios is largely unknown. Here, we find a previously unknown role of nuclear actin in transcriptional regulation. The RNA-seq data reveal that nuclear actin is required for the serum-induced transcriptional program. Using super-resolution imaging, we found a remarkable enhancement of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) clustering upon serum stimulation, and this enhancement requires nuclear actin. Pol II clusters colocalized with the serum-response genes and nuclear actin filaments upon serum stimulation. Furthermore, N-WASP is required for serum-enhanced Pol II clustering. N-WASP phase-separated with Pol II and nuclear actin. In addition to serum stimulation, nuclear actin also enhanced Pol II clustering upon interferon-γ treatment. Together, our work unveils that nuclear actin promotes the formation of transcription factory on inducible genes, acting as a general mechanism underlying the rapid response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shipeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaoshuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author.
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22
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23
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Caridi CP, Plessner M, Grosse R, Chiolo I. Nuclear actin filaments in DNA repair dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1068-1077. [PMID: 31481797 PMCID: PMC6736642 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of innovative tools for live imaging of actin filaments (F-actin) enabled the detection of surprising nuclear structures responding to various stimuli, challenging previous models that actin is substantially monomeric in the nucleus. We review these discoveries, focusing on double-strand break (DSB) repair responses. These studies revealed a remarkable network of nuclear filaments and regulatory mechanisms coordinating chromatin dynamics with repair progression and led to a paradigm shift by uncovering the directed movement of repair sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Plessner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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Li H, Brakebusch C. Senescence regulation by nuclear N-WASP: a role in cancer? Oncoscience 2019; 6:354-356. [PMID: 31608298 PMCID: PMC6768844 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Cloud V, Thapa A, Morales-Sosa P, Miller TM, Miller SA, Holsapple D, Gerhart PM, Momtahan E, Jack JL, Leiva E, Rapp SR, Shelton LG, Pierce RA, Martin-Brown S, Florens L, Washburn MP, Mohan RD. Ataxin-7 and Non-stop coordinate SCAR protein levels, subcellular localization, and actin cytoskeleton organization. eLife 2019; 8:e49677. [PMID: 31348003 PMCID: PMC6693919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atxn7, a subunit of SAGA chromatin remodeling complex, is subject to polyglutamine expansion at the amino terminus, causing spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7), a progressive retinal and neurodegenerative disease. Within SAGA, the Atxn7 amino terminus anchors Non-stop, a deubiquitinase, to the complex. To understand the scope of Atxn7-dependent regulation of Non-stop, substrates of the deubiquitinase were sought. This revealed Non-stop, dissociated from Atxn7, interacts with Arp2/3 and WAVE regulatory complexes (WRC), which control actin cytoskeleton assembly. There, Non-stop countered polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of WRC subunit SCAR. Dependent on conserved WRC interacting receptor sequences (WIRS), Non-stop augmentation increased protein levels, and directed subcellular localization, of SCAR, decreasing cell area and number of protrusions. In vivo, heterozygous mutation of SCAR did not significantly rescue knockdown of Atxn7, but heterozygous mutation of Atxn7 rescued haploinsufficiency of SCAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cloud
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Ada Thapa
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | | | - Tayla M Miller
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Sara A Miller
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | | | - Paige M Gerhart
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Elaheh Momtahan
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Jarrid L Jack
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Edgardo Leiva
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | - Sarah R Rapp
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
| | - Ryan D Mohan
- University of Missouri - Kansas CityKansas CityUnited States
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26
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Schrank B, Gautier J. Assembling nuclear domains: Lessons from DNA repair. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2444-2455. [PMID: 31324649 PMCID: PMC6683749 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schrank and Gautier discuss the generation and function of nuclear domains during DNA repair with a special focus on nuclear actin polymerization. Eukaryotic nuclei are organized into nuclear domains that unite loci sharing a common function. These domains are essential for diverse processes including (1) the formation of topologically associated domains (TADs) that coordinate replication and transcription, (2) the formation of specialized transcription and splicing factories, and (3) the clustering of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which concentrates damaged DNA for repair. The generation of nuclear domains requires forces that are beginning to be identified. In the case of DNA DSBs, DNA movement and clustering are driven by actin filament nucleators. Furthermore, RNAs and low-complexity protein domains such as RNA-binding proteins also accumulate around sites of transcription and repair. The link between liquid–liquid phase separation and actin nucleation in the formation of nuclear domains is still unknown. This review discusses DSB repair domain formation as a model for functional nuclear domains in other genomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schrank
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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27
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Hurst V, Shimada K, Gasser SM. Nuclear Actin and Actin-Binding Proteins in DNA Repair. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:462-476. [PMID: 30954333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been implicated in a variety of DNA-related processes including chromatin remodeling, transcription, replication, and DNA repair. However, the mechanistic understanding of actin in these processes has been limited, largely due to a lack of research tools that address the roles of nuclear actin specifically, that is, distinct from its cytoplasmic functions. Recent findings support a model for homology-directed DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in which a complex of ARP2 and ARP3 (actin-binding proteins 2 and 3) binds at the break and works with actin to promote DSB clustering and homology-directed repair. Further, it has been reported that relocalization of heterochromatic DSBs to the nuclear periphery in Drosophila is ARP2/3 dependent and actin-myosin driven. Here we provide an overview of the role of nuclear actin and actin-binding proteins in DNA repair, critically evaluating the experimental tools used and potential indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hurst
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Natural Sciences, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Shimada
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Faculty of Natural Sciences, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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An actin-based nucleoskeleton involved in gene regulation and genome organization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:378-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Klages-Mundt NL, Kumar A, Zhang Y, Kapoor P, Shen X. The Nature of Actin-Family Proteins in Chromatin-Modifying Complexes. Front Genet 2018; 9:398. [PMID: 30319687 PMCID: PMC6167448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is not only one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, but also one of the most versatile. In addition to its familiar involvement in enabling contraction and establishing cellular motility and scaffolding in the cytosol, actin has well-documented roles in a variety of processes within the confines of the nucleus, such as transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Interestingly, monomeric actin as well as actin-related proteins (Arps) are found as stoichiometric subunits of a variety of chromatin remodeling complexes and histone acetyltransferases, raising the question of precisely what roles they serve in these contexts. Actin and Arps are present in unique combinations in chromatin modifiers, helping to establish structural integrity of the complex and enabling a wide range of functions, such as recruiting the complex to nucleosomes to facilitate chromatin remodeling and promoting ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit. Actin and Arps are also thought to help modulate chromatin dynamics and maintain higher-order chromatin structure. Moreover, the presence of actin and Arps in several chromatin modifiers is necessary for promoting genomic integrity and an effective DNA damage response. In this review, we discuss the involvement of actin and Arps in these nuclear complexes that control chromatin remodeling and histone modifications, while also considering avenues for future study to further shed light on their functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeh L Klages-Mundt
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Yuexuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Prabodh Kapoor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Science Park Research Division, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Nuclear actin: ancient clue to evolution in eukaryotes? Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:235-244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Schrank BR, Aparicio T, Li Y, Chang W, Chait BT, Gundersen GG, Gottesman ME, Gautier J. Nuclear ARP2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair. Nature 2018; 559:61-66. [PMID: 29925947 PMCID: PMC6145447 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks repaired by non-homologous end joining display limited DNA end-processing and chromosomal mobility. By contrast, double-strand breaks undergoing homology-directed repair exhibit extensive processing and enhanced motion. The molecular basis of this movement is unknown. Here, using Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts and mammalian cells, we establish that nuclear actin, WASP, and the actin-nucleating ARP2/3 complex are recruited to damaged chromatin undergoing homology-directed repair. We demonstrate that nuclear actin polymerization is required for the migration of a subset of double-strand breaks into discrete sub-nuclear clusters. Actin-driven movements specifically affect double-strand breaks repaired by homology-directed repair in G2 cell cycle phase; inhibition of actin nucleation impairs DNA end-processing and homology-directed repair. By contrast, ARP2/3 is not enriched at double-strand breaks repaired by non-homologous end joining and does not regulate non-homologous end joining. Our findings establish that nuclear actin-based mobility shapes chromatin organization by generating repair domains that are essential for homology-directed repair in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Schrank
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Aparicio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinyin Li
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max E Gottesman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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32
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Li H, Yao Q, Mariscal AG, Wu X, Hülse J, Pedersen E, Helin K, Waisman A, Vinkel C, Thomsen SF, Avgustinova A, Benitah SA, Lovato P, Norsgaard H, Mortensen MS, Veng L, Rozell B, Brakebusch C. Epigenetic control of IL-23 expression in keratinocytes is important for chronic skin inflammation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1420. [PMID: 29650963 PMCID: PMC5897363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic skin inflammation psoriasis is crucially dependent on the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis. Although IL-23 is expressed by psoriatic keratinocytes and immune cells, only the immune cell-derived IL-23 is believed to be disease relevant. Here we use a genetic mouse model to show that keratinocyte-produced IL-23 is sufficient to cause a chronic skin inflammation with an IL-17 profile. Furthermore, we reveal a cell-autonomous nuclear function for the actin polymerizing molecule N-WASP, which controls IL-23 expression in keratinocytes by regulating the degradation of the histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP, and H3K9 dimethylation of the IL-23 promoter. This mechanism mediates the induction of IL-23 by TNF, a known inducer of IL-23 in psoriasis. Finally, in keratinocytes of psoriatic lesions a decrease in H3K9 dimethylation correlates with increased IL-23 expression, suggesting relevance for disease. Taken together, our data describe a molecular pathway where epigenetic regulation of keratinocytes can contribute to chronic skin inflammation. Although IL-23 is expressed by psoriatic keratinocytes as well as immune cells, only the immune cell derived IL-23 is thought to be important for the development of psoriasis. Here the authors provide evidence that keratinocyte-produced IL-23 is sufficient to cause a chronic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Alberto Garcia Mariscal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xudong Wu
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justus Hülse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Epigenetics, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Vinkel
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Avgustinova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Paola Lovato
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lone Veng
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Björn Rozell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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33
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Molinie N, Gautreau A. The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer. Physiol Rev 2017; 98:215-238. [PMID: 29212790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched actin networks at the cytosolic surface of different cellular membranes to promote their protrusion, movement, or scission in cell migration and membrane traffic. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of all the direct regulators of the Arp2/3 complex that induce or inhibit the initiation of a branched actin network and that controls the stability of its branched junctions. Our goal is to present recent findings concerning novel inhibitory proteins or the regulation of the actin branched junction and place these in the context of what was previously known to provide a global overview of how the Arp2/3 complex is regulated in human cells. We focus on the human set of Arp2/3 regulators to compare normal Arp2/3 regulation in untransformed cells to the deregulation of the Arp2/3 system observed in patients affected by various cancers. In many cases, these deregulations promote cancer progression and have a direct impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Molinie
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexis Gautreau
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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34
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Chereji RV, Bharatula V, Elfving N, Blomberg J, Larsson M, Morozov AV, Broach JR, Björklund S. Mediator binds to boundaries of chromosomal interaction domains and to proteins involved in DNA looping, RNA metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and actin assembly. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8806-8821. [PMID: 28575439 PMCID: PMC5587782 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediator is a multi-unit molecular complex that plays a key role in transferring signals from transcriptional regulators to RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. We have combined biochemical purification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mediator from chromatin with chromatin immunoprecipitation in order to reveal Mediator occupancy on DNA genome-wide, and to identify proteins interacting specifically with Mediator on the chromatin template. Tandem mass spectrometry of proteins in immunoprecipitates of mediator complexes revealed specific interactions between Mediator and the RSC, Arp2/Arp3, CPF, CF 1A and Lsm complexes in chromatin. These factors are primarily involved in chromatin remodeling, actin assembly, mRNA 3′-end processing, gene looping and mRNA decay, but they have also been shown to enter the nucleus and participate in Pol II transcription. Moreover, we have found that Mediator, in addition to binding Pol II promoters, occupies chromosomal interacting domain (CID) boundaries and that Mediator in chromatin associates with proteins that have been shown to interact with CID boundaries, such as Sth1, Ssu72 and histone H4. This suggests that Mediator plays a significant role in higher-order genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan V Chereji
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasudha Bharatula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nils Elfving
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Blomberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miriam Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandre V Morozov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - James R Broach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Stefan Björklund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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35
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Mendes M, Peláez-García A, López-Lucendo M, Bartolomé RA, Calviño E, Barderas R, Casal JI. Mapping the Spatial Proteome of Metastatic Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - María López-Lucendo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Rubén A. Bartolomé
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Calviño
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III.; Majadahonda Spain
| | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
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36
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Parisis N, Krasinska L, Harker B, Urbach S, Rossignol M, Camasses A, Dewar J, Morin N, Fisher D. Initiation of DNA replication requires actin dynamics and formin activity. EMBO J 2017; 36:3212-3231. [PMID: 28982779 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin regulates transcriptional programmes in a manner dependent on its levels and polymerisation state. This dynamics is determined by the balance of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, formin- and redox-dependent filament polymerisation. Here, using Xenopus egg extracts and human somatic cells, we show that actin dynamics and formins are essential for DNA replication. In proliferating cells, formin inhibition abolishes nuclear transport and initiation of DNA replication, as well as general transcription. In replicating nuclei from transcriptionally silent Xenopus egg extracts, we identified numerous actin regulators, and disruption of actin dynamics abrogates nuclear transport, preventing NLS (nuclear localisation signal)-cargo release from RanGTP-importin complexes. Nuclear formin activity is further required to promote loading of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto chromatin, as well as initiation and elongation of DNA replication. Therefore, actin dynamics and formins control DNA replication by multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Parisis
- IGMM, CNRS Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform (FPP), Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), CNRS UMR 5203 INSERM U661, Montpellier, France
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37
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Mu P, Akashi T, Lu F, Kishida S, Kadomatsu K. A novel nuclear complex of DRR1, F-actin and COMMD1 involved in NF-κB degradation and cell growth suppression in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5745-5756. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Functional Actin Networks under Construction: The Cooperative Action of Actin Nucleation and Elongation Factors. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:414-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Misu S, Takebayashi M, Miyamoto K. Nuclear Actin in Development and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Front Genet 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28326098 PMCID: PMC5339334 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a highly abundant protein in eukaryotic cells and dynamically changes its polymerized states with the help of actin-binding proteins. Its critical function as a constituent of cytoskeleton has been well-documented. Growing evidence demonstrates that actin is also present in nuclei, referred to as nuclear actin, and is involved in a number of nuclear processes, including transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. The contribution of nuclear actin to transcriptional regulation can be explained by its direct interaction with transcription machineries and chromatin remodeling factors and by controlling the activities of transcription factors. In both cases, polymerized states of nuclear actin affect the transcriptional outcome. Nuclear actin also plays an important role in activating strongly silenced genes in somatic cells for transcriptional reprogramming. When these nuclear functions of actin are considered, it is plausible to speculate that nuclear actin is also implicated in embryonic development, in which numerous genes need to be activated in a well-coordinated manner. In this review, we especially focus on nuclear actin's roles in transcriptional activation, reprogramming and development, including stem cell differentiation and we discuss how nuclear actin can be an important player in development and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Misu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
| | - Marina Takebayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University Kinokawa-shi, Japan
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40
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Kimura M, Morinaka Y, Imai K, Kose S, Horton P, Imamoto N. Extensive cargo identification reveals distinct biological roles of the 12 importin pathways. eLife 2017; 6:e21184. [PMID: 28117667 PMCID: PMC5305215 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vast numbers of proteins are transported into and out of the nuclei by approximately 20 species of importin-β family nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors. However, the significance of the multiple parallel transport pathways that the receptors constitute is poorly understood because only limited numbers of cargo proteins have been reported. Here, we identified cargo proteins specific to the 12 species of human import receptors with a high-throughput method that employs stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, an in vitro reconstituted transport system, and quantitative mass spectrometry. The identified cargoes illuminated the manner of cargo allocation to the receptors. The redundancies of the receptors vary widely depending on the cargo protein. Cargoes of the same receptor are functionally related to one another, and the predominant protein groups in the cargo cohorts differ among the receptors. Thus, the receptors are linked to distinct biological processes by the nature of their cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenichiro Imai
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kose
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Paul Horton
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Diverse functions for different forms of nuclear actin. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 46:33-38. [PMID: 28092729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its essential roles as part of the cytoskeleton, actin has also been linked to many processes in the nucleus. Recent data has demonstrated the presence of both monomeric and polymeric actin in the nucleus, and implied distinct functional roles for these actin pools. Monomeric actin seems to be involved in regulation of gene expression through transcription factors, chromatin regulating complexes and RNA polymerases. In addition to cytoplasmic actin regulators, nuclear proteins, such as emerin, can regulate actin polymerization properties specifically in this compartment. Besides of structural roles, nuclear actin filaments may be required for organizing the nuclear contents and for the maintenance of genomic integrity.
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42
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Abstract
Although most people still associate actin mainly with the cytoskeleton, several lines of evidence, with the earliest studies dating back to decades ago, have emphasized the importance of actin also inside the cell nucleus. Actin has been linked to many gene expression processes from gene activation to chromatin remodeling, but also to maintenance of genomic integrity and intranuclear movement of chromosomes and chromosomal loci. Recent advances in visualizing different forms and dynamic properties of nuclear actin have clearly advanced our understanding of the basic concepts by which actin operates in the nucleus. In this chapter we address the different breakthroughs in nuclear actin studies, as well as discuss the regulation nuclear actin and the importance of nuclear actin dynamics in relation to its different nuclear functions. Our aim is to highlight the fact that actin should be considered as an essential component of the cell nucleus, and its nuclear actions should be taken into account also in experiments on cytoplasmic actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Viita
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 56, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 56, Helsinki, Finland.
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43
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Myogenic differentiation depends on the interplay of Grb2 and N-WASP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:487-497. [PMID: 27965114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis requires a well-coordinated withdrawal from cell cycle, morphological changes and cell fusion mediated by actin cytoskeleton. Grb2 is an adaptor protein whose central SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues of activated receptors and activates intracellular signaling pathway, while its N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains bind to proline rich proteins such as N-WASP (Neural-Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein). We found that the expression of Grb2 was increased at the beginning of differentiation and remained constant during differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Knocking down endogenous Grb2 expression caused a significant increase in the fusion index and expression of MyHC, a terminal differentiation marker when compared with the control. Over expression of Grb2 in C2C12 (C2C12Grb2-Myc) reduced myotube formation and expression of MyHC. Similarly over expression of Grb2P49L-Myc (N-terminal SH3 domain mutant) or Grb2R86K-Myc (SH2 domain mutant) inhibited myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. However, the expression of Grb2P206L-Myc (C-terminal SH3 domain mutant) did not inhibit myotube formation and expression of MyHC. This suggests that the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 is critical for the inhibition of myogenic differentiation. The C2C12Grb2-Myc cells have reduced phalloidin staining at late stages of differentiation. Expression of N-WASP in C2C12Grb2-Myc cells rescued the myogenic defect and increased phalloidin staining (increased F-actin) in these cells. Thus our results suggest that Grb2 is a negative regulator of myogenesis and reduces myogenic differentiation by inhibiting actin polymerization/remodeling through its C-terminal SH3 domain.
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44
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The role of viral protein Ac34 in nuclear relocation of subunits of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex. Virol Sin 2016; 31:480-489. [PMID: 27900558 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin nucleator actin-related protein complex (Arp2/3) is composed of seven subunits: Arp2, Arp3, p40/ARPC1 (P40), p34/ARPC2 (P34), p21/ARPC3 (P21), p20/ARPC4 (P20), and p16/ARPC5 (P16). Arp2/3 plays crucial roles in a variety of cellular activities through regulation of actin polymerization. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), one of the beststudied alphabaculoviruses, induces Arp2/3 nuclear relocation and mediates nuclear actin polymerization to assist in virus replication. We have demonstrated that Ac34, a viral late-gene product, induces translocation of the P40 subunit of Arp2/3 to the nucleus during AcMNPV infection. However, it remains unknown whether Ac34 could relocate other Arp2/3 subunits to the nucleus. In this study, the effects of the viral protein Ac34 on the distribution of these subunits were studied by an immunofluorescence assay. Arp2, P34, P21, and P20 cloned from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells showed mainly cytoplasmic localization and were relocated to the nucleus in the presence of Ac34. In addition, Arp3 was localized in the cytoplasm in both the presence and absence of Ac34, and P16 showed whole-cell localization. In contrast to Sf9 cells, all subunits of mammalian Arp2/3 showed no nuclear relocation in the presence of Ac34. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the interaction between Ac34 and Arp2/3 subunits revealed that Ac34 bound to P40, P34, and P20 of Sf9 cells. However, none of the subunits of mammalian Arp2/3 interacted with Ac34, indicating that protein-protein interaction is essential for Ac34 to relocate Arp2/3 subunits to the nucleus.
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45
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Verboon JM, Sugumar B, Parkhurst SM. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins in the nucleus: aWASH with possibilities. Nucleus 2016; 6:349-59. [PMID: 26305109 PMCID: PMC4915506 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1086051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin and proteins that regulate its dynamics or interactions have well-established roles in the cytoplasm where they function as key components of the cytoskeleton to control diverse processes, including cellular infrastructure, cellular motility, cell signaling, and vesicle transport. Recent work has also uncovered roles for actin and its regulatory proteins in the nucleus, primarily in mechanisms governing gene expression. The Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, comprising the WASP/N-WASP, SCAR/WAVE, WHAMM/JMY/WHAMY, and WASH subfamilies, function in the cytoplasm where they activate the Arp2/3 complex to form branched actin filaments. WAS proteins are present in the nucleus and have been implicated as transcriptional regulators. We found that Drosophila Wash, in addition to transcriptional effects, is involved in global nuclear architecture. Here we summarize the regulation and function of nuclear WAS proteins, and highlight how our work with Wash expands the possibilities for the functions of these proteins in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Verboon
- a Division of Basic Sciences; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ; Seattle , WA USA
| | - Bina Sugumar
- a Division of Basic Sciences; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ; Seattle , WA USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- a Division of Basic Sciences; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ; Seattle , WA USA
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Actin, actin-binding proteins, and actin-related proteins in the nucleus. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:373-88. [PMID: 26847179 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research in the past decade has significantly broadened our view about the role actin plays in the life of the cell and added novel aspects to actin research. One of these new aspects is the discovery of the existence of nuclear actin which became evident only recently. Nuclear activities including transcriptional activation in the case of all three RNA polymerases, editing and nuclear export of mRNAs, and chromatin remodeling all depend on actin. It also became clear that there is a fine-tuned equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear actin pools and that this balance is ensured by an export-import system dedicated to actin. After over half a century of research on conventional actin and its organizing partners in the cytoplasm, it was also an unexpected finding that the nucleus contains more than 30 actin-binding proteins and new classes of actin-related proteins which are not able to form filaments but had evolved nuclear-specific functions. The actin-binding and actin-related proteins in the nucleus have been linked to RNA transcription and processing, nuclear transport, and chromatin remodeling. In this paper, we attempt to provide an overview of the wide range of information that is now available about actin, actin-binding, and actin-related proteins in the nucleus.
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Skau CT, Waterman CM. Specification of Architecture and Function of Actin Structures by Actin Nucleation Factors. Annu Rev Biophys 2016; 44:285-310. [PMID: 26098516 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-060414-034308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for diverse processes in mammalian cells; these processes range from establishing cell polarity to powering cell migration to driving cytokinesis to positioning intracellular organelles. How these many functions are carried out in a spatiotemporally regulated manner in a single cytoplasm has been the subject of much study in the cytoskeleton field. Recent work has identified a host of actin nucleation factors that can build architecturally diverse actin structures. The biochemical properties of these factors, coupled with their cellular location, likely define the functional properties of actin structures. In this article, we describe how recent advances in cell biology and biochemistry have begun to elucidate the role of individual actin nucleation factors in generating distinct cellular structures. We also consider how the localization and orientation of actin nucleation factors, in addition to their kinetic properties, are critical to their ability to build a functional actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Skau
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
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Migocka-Patrzałek M, Makowiecka A, Nowak D, Mazur AJ, Hofmann WA, Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M. β- and γ-Actins in the nucleus of human melanoma A375 cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:417-28. [PMID: 26239425 PMCID: PMC4628621 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved protein that is expressed in all eukaryotic cells and has essential functions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Nuclear actin is involved in transcription by all three RNA polymerases, chromatin remodelling, RNA processing, intranuclear transport, nuclear export and in maintenance of the nuclear architecture. The nuclear actin level and polymerization state are important factors regulating nuclear processes such as transcription. Our study shows that, in contrast to the cytoplasm, the majority of endogenous nuclear actin is unpolymerized in human melanoma A375 cells. Most mammalian cells express the two non-muscle β- and γ-actin isoforms that differ in only four amino acids. Despite their sequence similarity, studies analysing the cytoplasmic functions of these isoforms demonstrated that β- and γ-actins show differences in localization and function. However, little is known about the involvement of the individual actin isoforms in nuclear processes. Here, we used the human melanoma A375 cell line to analyse actin isoforms in regard to their nuclear localization. We show that both β- and γ-non-muscle actin isoforms are present in nuclei of these cells. Immunolocalization studies demonstrate that both isoforms co-localize with RNA polymerase II and hnRNP U. However, we observe differences in the ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear actin distribution between the isoforms. We show that β-actin has a significantly higher nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio than γ-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Migocka-Patrzałek
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Aleksandra Makowiecka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antonina J Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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49
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Dopie J, Rajakylä EK, Joensuu MS, Huet G, Ferrantelli E, Xie T, Jäälinoja H, Jokitalo E, Vartiainen MK. Genome-wide RNAi screen for nuclear actin reveals a network of cofilin regulators. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2388-400. [PMID: 26021350 PMCID: PMC4510847 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin plays an important role in many processes that regulate gene expression. Cytoplasmic actin dynamics are tightly controlled by numerous actin-binding proteins, but regulation of nuclear actin has remained unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins that influence either nuclear polymerization or import of actin. We validate 19 factors as specific hits, and show that Chinmo (known as Bach2 in mammals), SNF4Aγ (Prkag1 in mammals) and Rab18 play a role in nuclear localization of actin in both fly and mammalian cells. We identify several new regulators of cofilin activity, and characterize modulators of both cofilin kinases and phosphatase. For example, Chinmo/Bach2, which regulates nuclear actin levels also in vivo, maintains active cofilin by repressing the expression of the kinase Cdi (Tesk in mammals). Finally, we show that Nup98 and lamin are candidates for regulating nuclear actin polymerization. Our screen therefore reveals new aspects of actin regulation and links nuclear actin to many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dopie
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva K Rajakylä
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja S Joensuu
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guillaume Huet
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evelina Ferrantelli
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiao Xie
- Image and Data Analysis Core (IDAC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harri Jäälinoja
- Light Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Wang CC, Su KY, Chen HY, Chang SY, Shen CF, Hsieh CH, Hong QS, Chiang CC, Chang GC, Yu SL, Chen JJW. HOXA5 inhibits metastasis via regulating cytoskeletal remodelling and associates with prolonged survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124191. [PMID: 25875824 PMCID: PMC4396855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes comprise a family of regulatory genes that contain a common homeobox domain and act as transcription factors. Recent studies indicate that homeobox A5 (HOXA5) may serve as a tumour suppressor gene in breast cancers. However, the precise role and the underlying mechanism of HOXA5 in lung cancer remain unclear. Oligonucleotide microarrays and an invasion/metastasis lung adenocarcinoma cell line model were used to determine the correlation between HOXA5 expression and cancer cell invasion ability. We found that ectopic expression of HOXA5 in highly invasive cancer cells suppressed cell migration, invasion, and filopodia formation in vitro and inhibited metastatic potential in vivo. Knockdown of HOXA5 promoted the invasiveness of lung cancer cells. In addition, HOXA5 expression was associated with better clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer patients with wild-type EGFR. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptomic and pathway analyses were performed to identify the potential molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that HOXA5 may bind to the promoters of the cytoskeleton-related genes and downregulate their mRNA and protein expression levels. Our studies provide new insights into how HOXA5 may contribute to the suppression of metastasis in lung cancer via cytoskeleton remodelling regulation. Therefore, targeted induction of HOXA5 may represent a promising approach for non-small-cell lung cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease-Free Survival
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- NTU Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- NTU Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - So-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Qi-Sheng Hong
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- NTU Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J. W. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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