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O'Brien MJ, Ansari A. Protein interaction network revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis links TFIIB to multiple aspects of the transcription cycle. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2024; 1872:140968. [PMID: 37863410 PMCID: PMC10872477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Although TFIIB is widely regarded as an initiation factor, recent reports have implicated it in multiple aspects of eukaryotic transcription. To investigate the broader role of TFIIB in transcription, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of yeast TFIIB. We purified two different populations of TFIIB; one from soluble cell lysate, which is not engaged in transcription, and the other from the chromatin fraction which yields the transcriptionally active form of the protein. TFIIB purified from the chromatin exhibits several interactions that explain its non-canonical roles in transcription. RNAPII, TFIIF and TFIIH were the only components of the preinitiation complex with a significant presence in chromatin TFIIB. A notable feature was enrichment of all subunits of CF1 and Rat1 3' end processing-termination complexes in chromatin-TFIIB preparation. Subunits of the CPF termination complex were also detected in both chromatin and soluble derived TFIIB preparations. These results may explain the presence of TFIIB at the 3' end of genes during transcription as well as its role in promoter-termination interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Biological Science, 5047 Gullen Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Athar Ansari
- Department of Biological Science, 5047 Gullen Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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2
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Dai H, Xu L, Jiang M, Zhang W, Han Q. Comparative proteomic analysis of the protein profile in the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis associated with skin ulceration syndrome. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 144:109265. [PMID: 38040138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is becoming a severe problem in the breeding and culturing process of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. However, limited knowledge is available about the occurrence of this devastating disease. In this study, proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the biological pathways enriched in SUS-diseased S. pharaonis. Both the healthy group and diseased group were analyzed in triplicate, with 4 cuttlefish in each replicate. The results showed that 85 DEPs were identified between the two groups, including 36 upregulated proteins and 49 downregulated proteins in the diseased group compared to the healthy group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in cellular component organization or biogenesis, nucleus and ion binding processes. The results of the KEGG pathway analysis indicated that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction was the most enriched upregulated pathway. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to identify the expression of two differentially expressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the results showed that the mRNA expression of MMP14 and MMP19 was significantly upregulated in the skin tissue of the diseased group. Furthermore, the protease activity of the diseased group was higher than that of the healthy group. Our results offer basic knowledge on the changes in protein profiles during the occurrence of SUS in the cuttlefish S. pharaonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Liting Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China.
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3
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Paunas FTI, Finne K, Leh S, Marti HP, Berven F, Vikse BE. Proteomic signature of tubulointerstitial tissue predicts prognosis in IgAN. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:118. [PMID: 35331167 PMCID: PMC8943973 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated with a significant risk of progression to kidney failure. Tubular atrophy is an established important risk factor for progressive disease, but few studies have investigated tubulointerstitial molecular markers and mechanisms of progression in IgAN. METHODS Based on data from the Norwegian Renal Registry, two groups were included: IgAN patients with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) progression to kidney failure during 10 years of follow-up. Tubulointerstitial tissue without discernible interstitial expansion or pronounced tubular alterations was microdissected, proteome was analysed using tandem mass spectrometry and relative protein abundances were compared between groups. RESULTS Proteome analyses quantified 2562 proteins with at least 2 unique peptides. Of these, 150 proteins had significantly different abundance between progressive and non-progressive IgAN patients, 67 were more abundant and 83 less abundant. Periostin was the protein with the highest fold change between progressive and non-progressive IgAN (fold change 8.75, p < 0.05) and periostin staining was also stronger in patients with progressive vs non-progressive IgAN. Reactome pathway analyses showed that proteins related to inflammation were more abundant and proteins involved in mitochondrial translation were significantly less abundant in progressive vs non-progressive patients. CONCLUSIONS Microdissection of tubulointerstitial tissue with only mild damage allowed for identification of proteome markers of early progressive IgAN. Periostin abundance showed promise as a novel and important risk marker of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teodora Ioana Paunas
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kenneth Finne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Egil Vikse
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Chi S, Wang G, Liu T, Wang X, Liu C, Jin Y, Yin H, Xu X, Yu J. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Mannitol-metabolism-associated Genes in Saccharina japonica. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2020; 18:415-429. [PMID: 33248278 PMCID: PMC8242268 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a carbon-storage compound and osmoprotectant in brown algae, mannitol is synthesized and then accumulated at high levels in Saccharina japonica (Sja); however, the underlying control mechanisms have not been studied. Our analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from Sja shows that mannitol metabolism is a cyclic pathway composed of four distinct steps. A mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH2) and two mannitol-1-phosphatases (M1Pase1 and MIPase2) work together or in combination to exhibit full enzymatic properties. Based on comprehensive transcriptomic data from different tissues, generations, and sexes as well as under different stress conditions, coupled with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and proteomic confirmation, we suggest that SjaM1Pase1 plays a major role in mannitol biosynthesis and that the basic mannitol anabolism and the carbohydrate pool dynamics are responsible for carbon storage and anti-stress mechanism. Our proteomic data indicate that mannitol metabolism remains constant during diurnal cycle in Sja. In addition, we discover that mannitol-metabolism-associated (MMA) genes show differential expression between the multicellular filamentous (gametophyte) and large parenchymal thallus (sporophyte) generations and respond differentially to environmental stresses, such as hyposaline and hyperthermia conditions. Our results indicate that the ecophysiological significance of such differentially expressed genes may be attributable to the evolution of heteromorphic generations (filamentous and thallus) and environmental adaptation of Laminariales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Haida BlueTek Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xumin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Cui Liu
- Qingdao Haida BlueTek Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuemei Jin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongxin Yin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Rodrigues CR, Molina DAM, Silva de Assis TC, Liberato C, Melo-Braga MN, Ferreyra CB, Cárdenas J, Costal-Oliveira F, Guerra-Duarte C, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Proteomic and toxinological characterization of Peruvian pitviper Bothrops brazili ("jergón shushupe"), venom. Toxicon 2020; 184:19-27. [PMID: 32479836 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops brazili is a pitviper from Amazonian region, responsible for many accidents in Peru. Despite its relevance, its venom has not been extensively characterized. In the present work, Bothrops brazili venom (BbV) components were analyzed by RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Approximately 37 proteins were identified, belonging to 7 families. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) were the most abundant proteins of the venom (33.05%), followed by snake venom serine proteinases (SVSPs, 26.11%), phospholipases A2 (PLA2, 25.57%), snake C-type lectins (CTLs, 9.61%), L-aminoacid oxidase (LAAO, 3.80%), cystein-rich secretory proteins (CRISP, 1.67%) and Bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP, 0.20%). In vitro enzymatic activities of BbV showed high levels of SVMP activity and reduced Hyal activity in comparison with other bothropic venoms. Furthermore, BbV reduced VERO cells viability. ELISA and Western Blotting showed that both Peruvian and Brazilian bothropic antivenoms were able to recognize BbV components. This work provides an overview of BbV venom content and indicates a potential efficiency of Peruvian and Brazilian antivenoms to treat accidents with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rego Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denis Alexis Molina Molina
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thamyres C Silva de Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Liberato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella N Melo-Braga
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Saewu A, Kongmanas K, Raghupathy R, Netherton J, Kadunganattil S, Linton JJ, Chaisuriyong W, Faull KF, Baker MA, Tanphaichitr N. Primary Sertoli Cell Cultures From Adult Mice Have Different Properties Compared With Those Derived From 20-Day-Old Animals. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqz020. [PMID: 31730175 PMCID: PMC7188083 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from 20-day-old mice are widely used in research as substitutes for adult Sertoli cell cultures. This practice is based on the fact that Sertoli cells cease to proliferate and become mature in vivo by 16 to 20 days after birth. However, it is important to verify whether cultured Sertoli cells derived from 20-day-old mice do not proliferate ex vivo and whether they have the same properties as cultured adult Sertoli cells. Herein we described an isolation/culture method of Sertoli cells from 10-week-old adult mice with > 90% purity. Properties of these cultured adult Sertoli cells were then compared with those of cultured Sertoli cells derived from 20-day-old mice (also > 90% purity). By cell counting, bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation, and metaphase plate detection, we demonstrated that only adult Sertoli cells did not proliferate throughout 12 culture days. In contrast, Sertoli cells derived from 20-day-old mice still proliferated until Day 10 in culture. The morphology and profiles of intracellular lipidomics and spent medium proteomics of the 2 cultures were also different. Cultured adult Sertoli cells were larger in size and contained higher levels of triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and seminolipid, and the proteins in their spent medium were mainly engaged in cellular metabolism. In contrast, proteins involved in cell division, including anti-Mullerian hormone, cell division cycle protein 42 (CDC42), and collagen isoforms, were at higher levels in Sertoli cell cultures derived from 20-day-old mice. Therefore, cultured Sertoli cells derived from 10-week-old mice, rather than those from 20-day-old animals, should be used for studies on properties of adult Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpornrad Saewu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riya Raghupathy
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Netherton
- Department of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suraj Kadunganattil
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James-Jules Linton
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Baker
- Department of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Guissoni ACP, Soares CMA, Badr KR, Ficcadori FS, Parente AFA, Parente JA, Baeza LC, Souza M, Cardoso DDDDP. Proteomic analysis of A-549 cells infected with human adenovirus 40 by LC-MS. Virus Genes 2018; 54:351-360. [PMID: 29546667 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are etiological agents of different syndromes such as gastroenteritis, cystitis, ocular, and respiratory diseases, and infection by these viruses may cause alterations in cellular homeostasis. The objective of the study was the proteomic analysis of A-549 cells infected with HAdV-40 using LC-MS. At 30 h of infection, the quantitative analysis revealed 336 differentially expressed proteins. From them, 206 were induced (up-regulated) and 130 were suppressed (down-regulated). The majority of up-regulated proteins were related to energy, cellular organization, stress response, and apoptosis pathways. It was observed alteration of cell metabolism with increase of the glycolytic pathway, β-oxidation, and respiratory chain. Also, the results suggest cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis induction. The data can improve knowledge about the replication of HAdV-40 in cell culture considering the proteins related to distinct metabolic pathways induced by viral infection in A-549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Peixoto Guissoni
- Human Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Rua 235, S/N, Sala 418, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Almeida Soares
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Kareem R Badr
- Human Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Rua 235, S/N, Sala 418, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Sousa Ficcadori
- Human Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Rua 235, S/N, Sala 418, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Parente
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Parente
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristina Baeza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Human Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Rua 235, S/N, Sala 418, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Divina das Dores de Paula Cardoso
- Human Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Rua 235, S/N, Sala 418, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605050, Brazil.
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8
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Paunas TIF, Finne K, Leh S, Marti HP, Mollnes TE, Berven F, Vikse BE. Glomerular abundance of complement proteins characterized by proteomic analysis of laser-captured microdissected glomeruli associates with progressive disease in IgA nephropathy. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:30. [PMID: 28814945 PMCID: PMC5557313 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is variable and complement activation may predict prognosis. The present study investigated whether glomerular abundance of complement proteins associates with progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients for whom prognosis could not be predicted based on clinical variables. Methods Based on data from the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry and the Norwegian Renal Registry, three groups were included: IgAN patients with (n = 9) or without (n = 16) progression to ESRD during 10 years, and controls (n = 15) with a normal kidney biopsy. IgAN patients had eGFR > 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and non-nephrotic proteinuria at time of biopsy. Using stored formalin-fixed paraffin embedded kidney biopsy tissue, about 100 glomerular cross sections were microdissected for each patient. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and relative abundances of complement proteins were compared between groups. Results Proteomic analyses quantified 2018 proteins, of which 28 proteins belong to the complement system. As compared to IgAN patients without progressive disease, glomeruli from patients with progressive IgAN had significantly higher abundance of components of the classical and the terminal complement pathways, and inhibitory factors such as Factor H and factor H related proteins. Abundance of complement proteins classified progressors from non-progressors with an area under ROC curve of 0.91 (p = 0.001). Clinical and morphological data were similar between the two patient groups and could not predict progressive IgAN. Conclusions In conclusion, higher glomerular abundance of complement proteins was associated with a progressive clinical course in IgAN and are candidate biomarkers to predict prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9165-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Finne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory Nordland Hospital, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Bodø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Egil Vikse
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Postbox 2170, 5504 Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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