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Nocquet L, Roul J, Lefebvre CC, Duarte L, Campone M, Juin PP, Souazé F. Low BCL-xL expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells favors chemotherapy efficacy, and this effect is limited by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14177. [PMID: 38898061 PMCID: PMC11187150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) present a poor prognosis primarily due to their resistance to chemotherapy. This resistance is known to be associated with elevated expression of certain anti-apoptotic members within the proteins of the BCL-2 family (namely BCL-xL, MCL-1 and BCL-2). These regulate cell death by inhibiting pro-apoptotic protein activation through binding and sequestration and they can be selectively antagonized by BH3 mimetics. Yet the individual influences of BCL-xL, MCL-1, and BCL-2 on the sensitivity of TNBC cells to chemotherapy, and their regulation by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), major components of the tumor stroma and key contributors to therapy resistance remain to be delineated. Using gene editing or BH3 mimetics to inhibit anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in TNBC line MDA-MB-231, we show that BCL-xL and MCL-1 promote cancer cell survival through compensatory mechanisms. This cell line shows limited sensitivity to chemotherapy, in line with the clinical resistance observed in TNBC patients. We elucidate that BCL-xL plays a pivotal role in therapy response, as its depletion or pharmacological inhibition heightened chemotherapy effectiveness. Moreover, BCL-xL expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance in patient-derived tumoroids where its pharmacological inhibition enhances ex vivo response to chemotherapy. In a co-culture model of cancer cells and CAFs, we observe that even in a context where BCL-xL reduced expression renders cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy, those in contact with CAFs display reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus CAFs exert a profound pro-survival effect in breast cancer cells, even in a setting highly favoring cell death through combined chemotherapy and absence of the main actor of chemoresistance, BCL-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nocquet
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Julie Roul
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Chloé C Lefebvre
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Laurine Duarte
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Mario Campone
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Philippe P Juin
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France.
| | - Frédérique Souazé
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
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2
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Kong S, Zhu M, Scarpin MR, Pan D, Jia L, Martinez RE, Alamos S, Vadde BVL, Garcia HG, Qian SB, Brunkard JO, Roeder AHK. DRMY1 promotes robust morphogenesis by sustaining the translation of cytokinin signaling inhibitor proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.07.536060. [PMID: 37066395 PMCID: PMC10104159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Robustness is the invariant development of phenotype despite environmental changes and genetic perturbations. In the Arabidopsis flower bud, four sepals robustly initiate and grow to constant size to enclose and protect the inner floral organs. We previously characterized the mutant development related myb-like1 ( drmy1 ), where 3-5 sepals initiate variably and grow to different sizes, compromising their protective function. The molecular mechanism underlying this loss of robustness was unclear. Here, we show that drmy1 has reduced TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) activity, ribosomal content, and translation. Translation reduction decreases the protein level of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR7 (ARR7) and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6), two cytokinin signaling inhibitors that are normally rapidly produced before sepal initiation. The resultant upregulation of cytokinin signaling disrupts robust auxin patterning and sepal initiation. Our work shows that the homeostasis of translation, a ubiquitous cellular process, is crucial for the robust spatiotemporal patterning of organogenesis.
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3
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Kaloni D, Diepstraten ST, Strasser A, Kelly GL. BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:20-38. [PMID: 36342579 PMCID: PMC9950219 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Kaloni
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Schaefer J, Clow W, Bhandari R, Kimura M, Williams L, Pellegrini M. Killing in self-defense: proapoptotic drugs to eliminate intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 79:102263. [PMID: 36375234 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular infections rely on host cell survival for replication and have evolved several mechanisms to prevent infected cells from dying. Drugs that promote apoptosis, a noninflammatory form of cell death, can dysregulate these survival mechanisms to kill infected cells via a mechanism that resists the evolution of drug resistance. Two such drug classes, known as SMAC mimetics and BH3 mimetics, have shown preclinical efficacy at mediating clearance of liver-stage malaria and chronic infections such as hepatitis-B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerging toxicity and efficacy data have reinforced the broad applicability of these drugs and form the foundations for preclinical and clinical studies into their various usage cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schaefer
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - William Clow
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Reet Bhandari
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mari Kimura
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lewis Williams
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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5
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McNamara MC, Hosios AM, Torrence ME, Zhao T, Fraser C, Wilkinson M, Kwiatkowski DJ, Henske EP, Wu CL, Sarosiek KA, Valvezan AJ, Manning BD. Reciprocal effects of mTOR inhibitors on pro-survival proteins dictate therapeutic responses in tuberous sclerosis complex. iScience 2022; 25:105458. [PMID: 36388985 PMCID: PMC9663903 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 is aberrantly activated in cancer and in the genetic tumor syndrome tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the TSC complex, a negative regulator of mTORC1. Clinically approved mTORC1 inhibitors, such as rapamycin, elicit a cytostatic effect that fails to eliminate tumors and is rapidly reversible. We sought to determine the effects of mTORC1 on the core regulators of intrinsic apoptosis. In TSC2-deficient cells and tumors, we find that mTORC1 inhibitors shift cellular dependence from MCL-1 to BCL-2 and BCL-XL for survival, thereby altering susceptibility to BH3 mimetics that target specific pro-survival BCL-2 proteins. The BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor ABT-263 synergizes with rapamycin to induce apoptosis in TSC-deficient cells and in a mouse tumor model of TSC, resulting in a more complete and durable response. These data expose a therapeutic vulnerability in regulation of the apoptotic machinery downstream of mTORC1 that promotes a cytotoxic response to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. McNamara
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Hosios
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret E. Torrence
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron Fraser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meghan Wilkinson
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristopher A. Sarosiek
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander J. Valvezan
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D. Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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What can we learn from mice lacking pro-survival BCL-2 proteins to advance BH3 mimetic drugs for cancer therapy? Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1079-1093. [PMID: 35388168 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In many human cancers the control of apoptosis is dysregulated, for instance as a result of the overexpression of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins. This promotes tumorigenesis by protecting nascent neoplastic cells from stress and renders malignant cells resistant to anti-cancer agents. Therefore, several BH3 mimetic drugs targeting distinct pro-survival proteins have been developed. The BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax/ABT-199, has been approved for treatment of certain blood cancers and tens of thousands of patients have already been treated effectively with this drug. To advance the clinical development of MCL-1 and BCL-XL inhibitors, a more detailed understanding of their distinct and overlapping roles in the survival of malignant as well as non-transformed cells in healthy tissues is required. Here, we discuss similarities and differences in pro-survival BCL-2 protein structure, subcellular localisation and binding affinities to the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. We summarise the findings from gene-targeting studies in mice to discuss the specific roles of distinct pro-survival BCL-2 family members during embryogenesis and the survival of non-transformed cells in healthy tissues in adults. Finally, we elaborate how these findings align with or differ from the observations from the clinical development and use of BH3 mimetic drugs targeting different pro-survival BCL-2 proteins.
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7
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Adinew GM, Messeha SS, Taka E, Badisa RB, Antonie LM, Soliman KFA. Thymoquinone Alterations of the Apoptotic Gene Expressions and Cell Cycle Arrest in Genetically Distinct Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:2120. [PMID: 35631261 PMCID: PMC9144154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC), a subtype of BC, is typically associated with the highest pathogenic grade and incidence in premenopausal and young African American (AA) women. Chemotherapy, the most common treatment for TNBC today, can lead to acquired resistance and ineffective treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to combat medication resistance and ineffectiveness in TNBC patients. Thymoquinone (TQ) is shown to have a cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells in vitro. However, TQ's mode of action and precise mechanism in TNBC disease in vitro have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, TQ's effects on the genetically different MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were assessed. The data obtained show that TQ displayed cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24 h, with IC50 values of 25.37 µM and 27.39 µM, respectively. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in a scratched wound-healing assay displayed poor wound closure, inhibiting invasion and migration via cell cycle blocking after 24 h. TQ arrested the cell cycle phase in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The three cell cycle stages in MDA-MB-468 cells were significantly affected at 15 and 20 µM for G0/G1 and S phases, as well as all TQ concentrations for G2/M phases. In MDA-MB-468 cells, there was a significant decrease in G0/G1 phases with a substantial increase in the S phase and G2/M phases. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 showed a significant effect only during the two cell cycle stages (S and G2/M), at concentrations of 15 and 20 µM for S phases and all TQ values for G2/M phases. The TQ effect on the apoptotic gene profiles indicated that TQ upregulated 15 apoptotic genes in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, including caspases, GADD45A, TP53, DFFA, DIABLO, BNIP3, TRAF2/3, and TNFRSF10A. In MDA-MB-468 cells, 16 apoptotic genes were upregulated, including TNFRSF10A, TNF, TNFRSF11B, FADD TNFRSF10B, CASP2, and TRAF2, all of which are important for the apoptotic pathway andsuppress the expression of one anti-apoptotic gene, BIRC5, in MDA-MB-231 cells. Compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, elevated levels of TNF and their receptor proteins may contribute to their increased sensitivity to TQ-induced apoptosis. It was concluded from this study that TQ targets the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells differently. Additionally, due to the aggressive nature of TNBC and the lack of specific therapies in chemoresistant TNBC, our findings related to the identified apoptotic gene profile may point to TQ as a potential agent for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.S.M.); (E.T.); (R.B.B.); (L.M.A.)
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8
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The BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199/venetoclax synergizes with proteasome inhibition via transactivation of the MCL-1 antagonist NOXA. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:215. [PMID: 35443750 PMCID: PMC9021261 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein is frequent in cancer. Targeting of BCL-2 with the specific inhibitor ABT-199 (Venetoclax) has significant clinical activity in malignant diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. The small molecule drug ABT-199 mimics the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 homology domain 3 of BH3-only proteins and blocks the hydrophobic BC-groove in BCL-2. We have previously shown that ABT-199 synergizes with the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib in soft tissue sarcoma derived cells and cell lines to induce apoptosis. Synergistic apoptosis induction relies on the pore-forming effector BAX and expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein NOXA. Bortezomib augments expression of NOXA by blocking its proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, shown here for the first time, expression of NOXA is strongly enhanced by ABT-199 induced integrated stress response (ISR). ISR transcription factors ATF3 & ATF4 mediate transactivation of the BH3-only protein NOXA which specifically inhibits the anti-apoptotic MCL-1. Thus, NOXA potentiates the efficacy of the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 by simultaneous inhibition of MCL-1. Hence, ABT-199 has a double impact by directly blocking anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and inhibiting MCL-1 via transactivated NOXA. By preventing degradation of NOXA PIs synergize with ABT-199. Synergism of ABT-199 and PIs therefore occurs on several, previously unexpected levels. This finding should prompt clinical evaluation of combinatorial regimens in further malignancies.
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Huang Y, Zou Y, Jiao Y, Shi P, Nie X, Huang W, Xiong C, Choi M, Huang C, Macintyre AN, Nichols A, Li F, Li CY, MacIver NJ, Cardona D, Brennan TV, Li Z, Chao NJ, Rathmell J, Chen BJ. Targeting Glycolysis in Alloreactive T Cells to Prevent Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease While Preserving Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect. Front Immunol 2022; 13:751296. [PMID: 35296079 PMCID: PMC8920494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.751296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloreactive donor T cells undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming to become activated and induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) upon alloantigen encounter. It is generally thought that glycolysis, which promotes T cell growth and clonal expansion, is employed in this process. However, conflicting data have been reported regarding the requirement of glycolysis to induce T cell-mediated GVHD due to the lack of T cell-specific treatments using glycolysis inhibitors. Importantly, previous studies have not evaluated whether graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity is preserved in donor T cells deficient for glycolysis. As a critical component affecting the clinical outcome, it is necessary to assess the anti-tumor activity following treatment with metabolic modulators in preclinical models. In the present study, we utilized T cells selectively deficient for glucose transporter 1 (Glut1T-KO), to examine the role of glycolysis exclusively in alloreactive T cells without off-targeting effects from antigen presenting cells and other cell types that are dependent on glycolysis. We demonstrated that transfer of Glut1T-KO T cells significantly improved acute GVHD outcomes through increased apoptotic rates, impaired expansion, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. In addition to impaired GVHD development, donor Glut1T-KO T cells mediated sufficient GVL activity to protect recipients from tumor development. A clinically relevant approach using donor T cells treated with a small molecule inhibitor of glycolysis, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose ex vivo, further demonstrated protection from tumor development. These findings indicate that treatment with glycolysis inhibitors prior to transplantation selectively eliminates alloreactive T cells, but spares non-alloreactive T cells including those that protect against tumor growth. The present study has established a definitive role for glycolysis in acute GVHD and demonstrated that acute GVHD can be selectively prevented through targeting glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yujing Zou
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yiqun Jiao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Peijie Shi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoli Nie
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chuanfeng Xiong
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Choi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Charles Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew N. Macintyre
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chuan-Yuan Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Diana M. Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Todd V. Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nelson J. Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Benny J. Chen
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy/Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Benny J. Chen,
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10
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Liang YY, Niu FY, Xu AA, Jiang LL, Liu CS, Liang HP, Huang YF, Shao XF, Mo ZW, Yuan YW. Increased MCL-1 synthesis promotes irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance via regulation of the ROS/AKT loop. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:131. [PMID: 35136016 PMCID: PMC8827103 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare head and neck cancer; however, it is a common malignancy in southern China. Radiotherapy is the most important treatment strategy for NPC. However, although radiotherapy is a strong tool to kill cancer cells, paradoxically it also promotes aggressive phenotypes. Therefore, we mimicked the treatment process in NPC cells in vitro. Upon exposure to radiation, a subpopulation of NPC cells gradually developed resistance to radiation and displayed cancer stem-cell characteristics. Radiation-induced stemness largely depends on the accumulation of the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) protein. Upregulated MCL-1 levels were caused by increased stability and more importantly, enhanced protein synthesis. We showed that repeated ionizing radiation resulted in persistently enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at a higher basal level, further promoting protein kinase B (AKT) signaling activation. Intracellular ROS and AKT activation form a positive feedback loop in the process of MCL-1 protein synthesis, which in turn induces stemness and radioresistance. AKT/MCL-1 axis inhibition attenuated radiation-induced resistance, providing a potential target to reverse radiation therapy-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section 3, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-An Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Shan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ping Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-Fan Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Mo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Wei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Gangoda L, Schenk RL, Best SA, Nedeva C, Louis C, D’Silva DB, Fairfax K, Jarnicki AG, Puthalakath H, Sutherland KD, Strasser A, Herold MJ. Absence of pro-survival A1 has no impact on inflammatory cell survival in vivo during acute lung inflammation and peritonitis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:96-104. [PMID: 34304242 PMCID: PMC8738744 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural defence mechanism of the body to protect against pathogens. It is induced by immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, which are rapidly recruited to the site of infection, mediating host defence. The processes for eliminating inflammatory cells after pathogen clearance are critical in preventing sustained inflammation, which can instigate diverse pathologies. During chronic inflammation, the excessive and uncontrollable activity of the immune system can cause extensive tissue damage. New therapies aimed at preventing this over-activity of the immune system could have major clinical benefits. Here, we investigated the role of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family member A1 in the survival of inflammatory cells under normal and inflammatory conditions using murine models of lung and peritoneal inflammation. Despite the robust upregulation of A1 protein levels in wild-type cells upon induction of inflammation, the survival of inflammatory cells was not impacted in A1-deficient mice compared to wild-type controls. These findings indicate that A1 does not play a major role in immune cell homoeostasis during inflammation and therefore does not constitute an attractive therapeutic target for such morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru Gangoda
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Robyn L. Schenk
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah A. Best
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christina Nedeva
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Damian B. D’Silva
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kirsten Fairfax
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Andrew G. Jarnicki
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Kate D. Sutherland
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Marco J. Herold
- grid.1042.7The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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12
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A prospective biomarker analysis of alvocidib followed by cytarabine and mitoxantrone in MCL-1-dependent relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 34718324 PMCID: PMC8557202 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Szydłowski M, Garbicz F, Jabłońska E, Górniak P, Komar D, Pyrzyńska B, Bojarczuk K, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Rymkiewicz G, Cybulska M, Statkiewicz M, Gajewska M, Mikula M, Gołas A, Domagała J, Winiarska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Białopiotrowicz E, Polak A, Barankiewicz J, Puła B, Pawlak M, Nowis D, Golab J, Tomirotti AM, Brzózka K, Pacheco-Blanco M, Kupcova K, Green MR, Havranek O, Chapuy B, Juszczyński P. Inhibition of PIM Kinases in DLBCL Targets MYC Transcriptional Program and Augments the Efficacy of Anti-CD20 Antibodies. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6029-6043. [PMID: 34625423 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The family of PIM serine/threonine kinases includes three highly conserved oncogenes, PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, which regulate multiple pro-survival pathways and cooperate with other oncogenes such as MYC. Recent genomic CRISPR-Cas9 screens further highlighted oncogenic functions of PIMs in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells, justifying development of small molecule PIM inhibitors and therapeutic targeting of PIM kinases in lymphomas. However, detailed consequences of PIM inhibition in DLBCL remain undefined. Using chemical and genetic PIM blockade, we comprehensively characterized PIM kinase-associated pro-survival functions in DLBCL and the mechanisms of PIM inhibition-induced toxicity. Treatment of DLBCL cells with SEL24/MEN1703, a pan PIM inhibitor in clinical development, decreased BAD phosphorylation and cap-dependent protein translation, reduced MCL1 expression, and induced apoptosis. PIM kinases were tightly coexpressed with MYC in diagnostic DLBCL biopsies, and PIM inhibition in cell lines and patient-derived primary lymphoma cells decreased MYC levels as well as expression of multiple MYC-dependent genes, including PLK1. Chemical and genetic PIM inhibition upregulated surface CD20 levels in a MYC-dependent fashion. Consistently, MEN1703 and other clinically available pan-PIM inhibitors synergized with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro, increasing complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated phagocytosis. Combined treatment with PIM inhibitor and rituximab suppressed tumor growth in lymphoma xenografts more efficiently than either drug alone. Taken together, these results show that targeting PIM in DLBCL exhibits pleiotropic effects that combine direct cytotoxicity with potentiated susceptibility to anti-CD20 antibodies, justifying further clinical development of such combinatorial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Szydłowski
- Dept. of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Filip Garbicz
- Dept. of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Patryk Górniak
- Dept. of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Dorota Komar
- Dept. of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | | | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | | | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, IMaria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology
| | - Grzegorz Rymkiewicz
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, National Research Institute of Oncology
| | | | | | - Marta Gajewska
- Dept. of Genetics, National Research Institute of Oncology
| | - Michal Mikula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Polak
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | | | - Bartosz Puła
- Dept. of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Michał Pawlak
- Dept. of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael R Green
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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14
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Boehmer DFR, Formisano S, de Oliveira Mann CC, Mueller SA, Kluge M, Metzger P, Rohlfs M, Hörth C, Kocheise L, Lichtenthaler SF, Hopfner KP, Endres S, Rothenfusser S, Friedel CC, Duewell P, Schnurr M, Koenig LM. OAS1/RNase L executes RIG-I ligand-dependent tumor cell apoptosis. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe2550. [PMID: 34272227 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA is sensed by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), leading to induction of type I interferons (IFN-Is), proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Here, we elucidate signaling mechanisms that lead to cytokine secretion and cell death induction upon stimulation with the bona fide RIG-I ligand 5'-triphosphate RNA (3p-RNA) in tumor cells. We show that both outcomes are mediated by dsRNA-receptor families with RLR being essential for cytokine production and IFN-I-mediated priming of effector pathways but not for apoptosis. Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and subsequent functional analysis revealed that 3p-RNA bound and activated oligoadenylate synthetase 1 and RNase L. RNase L-deficient cells were profoundly impaired in their ability to undergo apoptosis. Mechanistically, the concerted action of translational arrest triggered by RNase L and up-regulation of NOXA was needed to deplete the antiapoptotic MCL-1 to cause intrinsic apoptosis. Thus, 3p-RNA-induced apoptosis is a two-step process consisting of RIG-I-dependent priming and an RNase L-dependent effector phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F R Boehmer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Formisano
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan A Mueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Metzger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Hörth
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kocheise
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center Munich and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLIP), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLIP), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institute of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Duewell
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schnurr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars M Koenig
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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15
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Virus-mediated inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members promotes Gasdermin-E-dependent pyroptosis in barrier epithelial cells. Immunity 2021; 54:1447-1462.e5. [PMID: 33979579 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of innate immune proteins detect pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) bind microbial products, whereas guard proteins detect virulence factor activities by the surveillance of homeostatic processes within cells. While PRRs are well known for their roles in many types of infections, the role of guard proteins in most infectious contexts remains less understood. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of protein synthesis during viral infection is sensed as a virulence strategy and initiates pyroptosis in human keratinocytes. We identified the BCL-2 family members MCL-1 and BCL-xL as sensors of translation shutdown. Virus- or chemical-induced translation inhibition resulted in MCL-1 depletion and inactivation of BCL-xL, leading to mitochondrial damage, caspase-3-dependent cleavage of gasdermin E, and release of interleukin-1α (IL-1α). Blocking this pathway enhanced virus replication in an organoid model of human skin. Thus, MCL-1 and BCL-xL can act as guard proteins within barrier epithelia and contribute to antiviral defense.
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16
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Flemmer RT, Connolly SP, Geizer BA, Opferman JT, Vanderluit JL. The Role of Mcl-1 in Embryonic Neural Precursor Cell Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659531. [PMID: 33959612 PMCID: PMC8093775 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, regulates neural precursor cell (NPC) survival in both the developing and adult mammalian nervous system. It is unclear when during the neurogenic period Mcl-1 becomes necessary for NPC survival and whether Bax is the sole pro-apoptotic target of Mcl-1. To address these questions, we used the nervous system-specific Nestin-Cre Mcl-1 conditional knockout mouse line (Mcl-1 CKO) to assess the anti-apoptotic role of Mcl-1 in developmental neurogenesis. Loss of Mcl-1 resulted in a wave of apoptosis beginning in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) and in the forebrain at E10.5. Apoptosis was first observed ventrally in each region and spread dorsally over time. Within the spinal cord, apoptosis also spread in a rostral to caudal direction following the path of differentiation. Breeding the Mcl-1 CKO mouse with the Bax null mouse rescued the majority of NPC from apoptosis except in the dorsomedial brainstem and ventral thoracic spinal cord where only 50% were rescued. This demonstrates that Mcl-1 promotes NPC survival primarily by inhibiting the activation of Bax, but that Bax is not the sole pro-apoptotic target of Mcl-1 during embryonic neurogenesis. Interestingly, although co-deletion of Bax rescued the majority of NPC apoptosis, it resulted in embryonic lethality at E13, whereas conditional deletion of both Mcl-1 and Bax rescued embryonic lethality. In summary, this study demonstrates the widespread dependency on Mcl-1 during nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Flemmer
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sarah P Connolly
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Brittany A Geizer
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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17
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Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and siRNA-Mediated Silencing of Mcl-1 Using Cationic Niosomes against 3D MCF-7 Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040550. [PMID: 33919902 PMCID: PMC8070967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a vital option for cancer treatment; however, its therapeutic outcomes are limited by dose-dependent toxicity and the occurrence of chemoresistance. siRNAs have emerged as an attractive therapeutic option enabling specific interference with target genes. Combination therapy using chemotherapeutic agents along with gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer management, which not only improves therapeutic efficacy but also decreases untoward effects from dose reduction. In this study, a cationic niosome containing plier-like cationic lipid B was used to convey siRNA against anti-apoptotic mRNA into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Mcl-1 silencing markedly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells and triggered apoptosis. Moreover, computer modeling suggested that the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and Mcl-1 siRNA exhibited a synergistic relationship and enabled a dose reduction of each agent at 1.71 and 3.91 folds, respectively, to reach a 90% inhibitory effect when compared to single-agent treatments. Synergistic antitumor activity was further verified in a 3D spheroid culture which revealed, in contrast to single-agent treatment, the combination markedly decreased spheroid volume over time. Together, the combination therapy between Mcl-1 silencing and Dox exhibits a synergistic effect that may be exploited for novel breast cancer treatment.
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18
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Meng L, Ma H, Meng J, Li T, Zhu Y, Zhao Q. Costunolide attenuates oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reperfusion‑induced mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:411. [PMID: 33786628 PMCID: PMC8025489 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of costunolide (CT), a compound extracted from Aucklandia lappa Decne, to attenuate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells. The present study used molecular docking technology to detect the binding of CT with mitochondrial apoptotic protein targets. A model of oxygen-glucose deprivation for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h in PC12 cells was used to mimic cerebral ischemic injury. Cell viability and damage were measured using the Cell Counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay kits. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. A fluorescence microscope determined intracellular [Ca2+] and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. CT contains binding sites with Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Caspase-7. CT markedly enhanced cell viability, inhibited LDH leakage, increased intracellular [Ca2+], stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression of Apaf-1, Bax, cleaved-caspase-7, cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3. CT may markedly protect PC12 cells from damage caused by OGD/R, and its mechanism is associated with blocking the calcium channel and inhibiting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jinni Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China.,College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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19
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The influenza A virus host shutoff factor PA-X is rapidly turned over in a strain-specific manner. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02312-20. [PMID: 33504608 PMCID: PMC8103685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02312-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A endoribonuclease PA-X regulates virulence and transmission of the virus by reducing host gene expression and thus regulating immune responses to influenza A virus. Despite this key function in viral biology, the levels of PA-X protein remain markedly low during infection, and previous results suggest that these low levels are not solely the result of regulation of the level of translation and RNA stability. How PA-X is regulated post-translationally remains unknown. We now report that the PA-X protein is rapidly turned over. PA-X from multiple viral strains are short-lived, although the half-life of PA-X ranges from ∼30 minutes to ∼3.5 hours depending on the strain. Moreover, sequences in the variable PA-X C-terminal domain are primarily responsible for regulating PA-X half-life, although the N-terminal domain also accounts for some differences among strains. Interestingly, we find that the PA-X from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain has a longer half-life compared to the other variants we tested. This PA-X isoform has been reported to have a higher host shutoff activity, suggesting a role for protein turnover in regulating PA-X activity. Collectively, this study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of PA-X protein levels that may impact host shutoff activity during influenza A virus infection.IMPORTANCE The PA-X protein from influenza A virus reduces host immune responses to infection through suppressing host gene expression, including genes encoding the antiviral response. Thus, it plays a central role in influenza A virus biology. Despite its key function, PA-X was only discovered in 2012 and much remains to be learned including how PA-X activity is regulated to promote optimal levels of viral infection. In this study, we reveal that PA-X protein levels are very low likely because of rapid turnover. We show that instability is a conserved property among PA-X variants from different strains of influenza A virus, but that the half-lives of PA-X variants differ. Moreover, the longer half-life of PA-X from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain correlates with its reported higher activity. Therefore, PA-X stability may be a way to regulate its activity and may contribute to the differential virulence of influenza A virus strains.
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20
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Quarleri J, Cevallos C, Delpino MV. Apoptosis in infectious diseases as a mechanism of immune evasion and survival. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 125:1-24. [PMID: 33931136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In pluricellular organisms, apoptosis is indispensable for the development and homeostasis. During infection, apoptosis plays the main role in the elimination of infected cells. Infectious diseases control apoptosis, and this contributes to disease pathogenesis. Increased apoptosis may participate in two different ways. It can assist the dissemination of intracellular pathogens or induce immunosuppression to favor pathogen dissemination. In other conditions, apoptosis can benefit eradicate infectious agents from the host. Accordingly, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have developed strategies to inhibit host cell death by apoptosis to allow intracellular survival and persistence of the pathogen. The clarification of the intracellular signaling pathways, the receptors involved and the pathogen factors that interfere with apoptosis could disclose new therapeutic targets for blocking microbial actions on apoptotic pathways. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on pathogen anti-apoptotic and apoptotic approaches and the mechanisms involving in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Ogura K, Yahiro K, Moss J. Cell Death Signaling Pathway Induced by Cholix Toxin, a Cytotoxin and eEF2 ADP-Ribosyltransferase Produced by Vibrio cholerae. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:toxins13010012. [PMID: 33374361 PMCID: PMC7824611 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms produce various virulence factors, e.g., enzymes, cytotoxins, effectors, which trigger development of pathologies in infectious diseases. Cholera toxin (CT) produced by O1 and O139 serotypes of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is a major cytotoxin causing severe diarrhea. Cholix cytotoxin (Cholix) was identified as a novel eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) adenosine-diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase produced mainly in non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae. The function and role of Cholix in infectious disease caused by V. cholerae remain unknown. The crystal structure of Cholix is similar to Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PEA) which is composed of an N-terminal receptor-recognition domain and a C-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. The endocytosed Cholix catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of eEF2 in host cells and inhibits protein synthesis, resulting in cell death. In a mouse model, Cholix caused lethality with severe liver damage. In this review, we describe the mechanism underlying Cholix-induced cytotoxicity. Cholix-induced apoptosis was regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways, which dramatically enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in human liver, as well as the amount of epithelial-like HepG2 cancer cells. In contrast, Cholix induced apoptosis in hepatocytes through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway, which was not stimulated by TNF-α. These findings suggest that sensitivity to Cholix depends on the target cell. A substantial amount of information on PEA is provided in order to compare/contrast this well-characterized mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (mART) with Cholix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-76-265-2590 (K.O.); +81-43-226-2048 (K.Y.)
| | - Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-76-265-2590 (K.O.); +81-43-226-2048 (K.Y.)
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA;
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22
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The BCL-2 selective inhibitor ABT-199 sensitizes soft tissue sarcomas to proteasome inhibition by a concerted mechanism requiring BAX and NOXA. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32839432 PMCID: PMC7445285 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies predominantly affecting children and young adults. Despite improvements in multimodal therapies, 5-year survival rates are only 50% and new treatment options in STS are urgently needed. To develop a rational combination therapy for the treatment of STS we focused on ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a BCL-2 specific BH3-mimetic, in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZB). Simultaneous inhibition of BCL-2 and the proteasome resulted in strongly synergistic apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, ABT-199 mainly affected the multidomain effector BAX by liberating it from BCL-2 inhibition. The combination with BZB additionally resulted in the accumulation of BOK, a BAX/BAK homologue, and of the BH3-only protein NOXA, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Thus, the combination of ABT-199 and BZB sensitizes STS cells to apoptosis by simultaneously releasing several defined apoptotic restraints. This synergistic mechanism of action was verified by CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out, showing that both BAX and NOXA are crucial for ABT-199/BZB-induced apoptosis. Noteworthy, efficient induction of apoptosis by ABT-199/BZB was not affected by the p53 status and invariably detected in cell lines and patient-derived tumor cells of several sarcoma types, including rhabdomyo-, leiomyo-, lipo-, chondro-, osteo-, or synovial sarcomas. Hence, we propose the combination of ABT-199 and BZB as a promising strategy for the treatment of STS, which should warrant further clinical investigation.
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23
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for tissue homeostasis. De-regulation of the balance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to tumor initiation. Particularly in the colon where apoptosis is a crucial process in intestinal turnover, inhibition of apoptosis facilitates transformation and tumor progression. The BCL-2 family of proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. In this review we outline the current knowledge on the BCL-2 family-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway and mechanisms by which it is de-regulated in CRC. We further review BH3 mimetics as a therapeutic opportunity to target this pathway and evaluate their potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Yi X, Sarkar A, Kismali G, Aslan B, Ayres M, Iles LR, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Long JP, Bertilaccio MTS, Gandhi V. AMG-176, an Mcl-1 Antagonist, Shows Preclinical Efficacy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3856-3867. [PMID: 31937611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Survival of CLL cells due to the presence of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 has been established. Direct inhibition of Bcl-2 by venetoclax and indirect targeting of Mcl-1 with transcription inhibitors have been successful approaches for CLL. AMG-176 is a selective and direct antagonist of Mcl-1, which has shown efficacy in several hematologic malignancies; however, its effect on CLL is elusive. We evaluated biological and molecular effects of AMG-176 in primary CLL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using samples from patients (n = 74) with CLL, we tested effects of AMG-176 on CLL and normal hematopoietic cell death and compared importance of CLL prognostic factors on this biological activity. We evaluated CLL cell apoptosis in the presence of stromal cells and identified cell death pathway including stabilization of Mcl-1 protein. Finally, we tested a couplet of AMG-176 and venetoclax in CLL lymphocytes. RESULTS AMG-176 incubations resulted in time- and dose-dependent CLL cell death. At 100 and 300 nmol/L, there was 30% and 45% cell death at 24 hours. These concentrations did not result in significant cell death in normal hematopoietic cells. Presence of stroma did not affect AMG-176-induced CLL cell death. IGHV unmutated status, high β2M and Mcl-1 protein levels resulted in slightly lower cell death. Mcl-1, but not Bcl-2 protein levels, in CLL cells increased with AMG-176. Low concentrations of venetoclax (1-30 nmol/L) were additive or synergistic with AMG-176. CONCLUSIONS AMG-176 is active in inducing CLL cell death while sparing normal blood cells. Combination with low-dose venetoclax was additive or synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Hematology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aloke Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gorkem Kismali
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aslan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary Ayres
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - LaKesla R Iles
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James P Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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25
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Tibes R, Bogenberger JM. Transcriptional Silencing of MCL-1 Through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1205. [PMID: 31921615 PMCID: PMC6920180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukemia. Survival remains poor, despite decades of scientific advances. Cytotoxic induction chemotherapy regimens are standard-of-care for most patients. Many investigations have highlighted the genomic heterogeneity of AML, and several new targeted therapeutic options have recently been approved. Additional novel therapies are showing promising clinical results and may rapidly transform the therapeutic landscape of AML. Despite the emerging clinical success of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 targeting in AML and a large body of preclinical data supporting myeloid leukemia cell (MCL)-1 as an attractive therapeutic target for AML, MCL-1 targeting remains relatively unexplored, although novel MCL-1 inhibitors are under clinical investigation. Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in the regulation of transcription, CDK9 in particular, are being investigated in AML as a strategy to target MCL-1 indirectly. In this article, we review the basis for CDK inhibition in oncology with a focus on relevant preclinical mechanism-of-action studies of CDK9 inhibitors in the context of their therapeutic potential specifically in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Tibes
- NYU School of Medicine & Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Chauhan D, Bartok E, Gaidt MM, Bock FJ, Herrmann J, Seeger JM, Broz P, Beckmann R, Kashkar H, Tait SWG, Müller R, Hornung V. BAX/BAK-Induced Apoptosis Results in Caspase-8-Dependent IL-1β Maturation in Macrophages. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2354-2368.e5. [PMID: 30485805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β is a cytokine of pivotal importance to the orchestration of inflammatory responses. Synthesized as an inactive pro-cytokine, IL-1β requires proteolytic maturation to gain biological activity. Here, we identify intrinsic apoptosis as a non-canonical trigger of IL-1β maturation. Guided by the discovery of the immunomodulatory activity of vioprolides, cyclic peptides isolated from myxobacteria, we observe IL-1β maturation independent of canonical inflammasome pathways, yet dependent on intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, vioprolides inhibit MCL-1 and BCL2, which in turn triggers BAX/BAK-dependent mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Induction of MOMP results in the release of pro-apoptotic factors initiating intrinsic apoptosis, as well as the depletion of IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins). IAP depletion, in turn, operates upstream of ripoptosome complex formation, subsequently resulting in caspase-8-dependent IL-1β maturation. These results establish the ripoptosome/caspase-8 complex as a pro-inflammatory checkpoint that senses the perturbation of mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Chauhan
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz M Gaidt
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens M Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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27
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Papatzimas JW, Gorobets E, Maity R, Muniyat MI, MacCallum JL, Neri P, Bahlis NJ, Derksen DJ. From Inhibition to Degradation: Targeting the Antiapoptotic Protein Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL1). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5522-5540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James W. Papatzimas
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ranjan Maity
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Paola Neri
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nizar J. Bahlis
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren J. Derksen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4Z6 Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Naderer T, Fulcher MC. Targeting apoptosis pathways in infections. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 103:275-285. [PMID: 29372933 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0717-286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death pathway of apoptosis is essential for mammalian development and immunity as it eliminates unwanted and dangerous cells. As part of the cellular immune response, apoptosis removes the replicative niche of intracellular pathogens and enables the resolution of infections. To subvert apoptosis, pathogens have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms. In some circumstances, however, pathogens express effector molecules that induce apoptotic cell death. In this review, we focus on selected host-pathogen interactions that affect apoptotic pathways. We discuss how pathogens control the fate of host cells and how this determines the outcome of infections. Finally, small molecule inhibitors that activate apoptosis in cancer cells can also induce apoptotic cell death of infected cells. This suggests that targeting host death factors to kill infected cells is a potential therapeutic option to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naderer
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Cecilia Fulcher
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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29
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Hectd3 promotes pathogenic Th17 lineage through Stat3 activation and Malt1 signaling in neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:701. [PMID: 30741923 PMCID: PMC6370850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyubiquitination promotes proteasomal degradation, or signaling and localization, of targeted proteins. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd3 is necessary for pathogenic Th17 cell generation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for human multiple sclerosis. Hectd3-deficient mice have lower EAE severity, reduced Th17 program and inefficient Th17 cell differentiation. However, Stat3, but not RORγt, has decreased polyubiquitination, as well as diminished tyrosine-705 activating phosphorylation. Additionally, non-degradative polyubiquitination of Malt1, critical for NF-κB activation and Th17 cell function, is reduced. Mechanistically, Hectd3 promotes K27-linked and K29-linked polyubiquitin chains on Malt1, and K27-linked polyubiquitin chains on Stat3. Moreover, Stat3 K180 and Malt1 K648 are targeted by Hectd3 for non-degradative polyubiquitination to mediate robust generation of RORγt+IL-17Ahi effector CD4+ T cells. Thus, our studies delineate a mechanism connecting signaling related polyubiquitination of Malt1 and Stat3, leading to NF-kB activation and RORγt expression, to pathogenic Th17 cell function in EAE. Ubiquitination may control protein stability or function. Here the authors show that an ubiquitination enzyme, Hectd3, ubiquitinates Stat3 and Malt1 to modulate their function but not degradation in T cells, and thereby promoting the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells and susceptibility to a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
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30
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Kadia TM, Kantarjian HM, Konopleva M. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 dependence in acute myeloid leukemia: a novel approach to patient therapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1250-1265. [PMID: 30815228 PMCID: PMC6383813 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults, affecting approximately 21,000 people annually (nearly 11,000 deaths) in the United States. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins, notably myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), have been associated with both the development and persistence of AML. MCL-1 is one of the predominant BCL-2 family members expressed in samples from patients with untreated AML. MCL-1 is a critical cell survival factor for cancer and contributes to chemotherapy resistance by directly affecting cell death pathways. Here, we review the role of MCL-1 in AML and the mechanisms by which the potent cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibitor alvocidib, through regulation of MCL-1, may serve as a rational therapeutic approach against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Konopleva
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Stehle D, Grimm M, Einsele-Scholz S, Ladwig F, Johänning J, Fischer G, Gillissen B, Schulze-Osthoff K, Essmann F. Contribution of BH3-domain and Transmembrane-domain to the Activity and Interaction of the Pore-forming Bcl-2 Proteins Bok, Bak, and Bax. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12434. [PMID: 30127460 PMCID: PMC6102298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to intrinsic apoptosis signaling is the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which depends on the pro-apoptotic effector proteins Bax, Bak or Bok. These pore-forming effector proteins share four Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains, a functionally essential and conserved sequence of hydrophobic amino acids in their BH3-domain and a C-terminal transmembrane-domain whose specific function remains rather unknown. To elucidate the molecular basis of Bok-mediated apoptosis we analyzed apoptosis induction by transmembrane-domain deficient BokΔTM compared to the respective Bax and Bak proteins and proteins in which the first leucine in the BH3-stretch was mutated to glutamic acid. We show that deletion of the C-terminal transmembrane-domain reduces the pro-apoptotic function of each protein. Mutation of the first leucine in the BH3-domain (L78E) blocks activity of Bak, while mutation of the homologue residues in Bax or Bok (L63E and L70E respectively) does not affect apoptosis induction. Unexpectedly, combined mutation of the BH3-domain and deletion of the transmembrane-domain enhances the pro-apoptotic activity of Bok(L70E)ΔTM by abolishing the interaction with anti-apoptotic proteins, especially the primary Bok-inhibitory protein Mcl-1. These results therefore suggest a specific contribution of the transmembrane-domain to the pro-apoptotic function and interaction of Bok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stehle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Grimm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Einsele-Scholz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Ladwig
- Department of Plant Physiology, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janina Johänning
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology (IKP), 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerd Fischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gillissen
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Charité, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Essmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Spectral comparisons of mammalian cells and intact organelles by solid-state NMR. J Struct Biol 2018; 206:49-54. [PMID: 29859329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell protein profiling, spatial localization, and quantification of activities such as gene transcription and protein translation are possible with modern biochemical and biophysical techniques. Yet, addressing questions of overall compositional changes within a cell - capturing the relative amounts of protein and ribosomal RNA levels and lipid content simultaneously - would require extractions and purifications with caveats due to isolation yields and detection methods. A holistic view of cellular composition would aid in the study of cellular composition and function. Here, solid state NMR is used to identify 13C NMR signatures for cellular organelles in HeLa cells without the use of any isotopic labeling. Comparisons are made with carbon spectra of subcellular assemblies including DNA, lipids, ribosomes, nuclei and mitochondria. Whole-cell comparisons are made with different mammalian cells lines, with red blood cells that lack nuclei and organelles, and with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, treatment of mammalian cells with cycloheximide, a commonly used protein synthesis inhibitor, revealed unanticipated changes consistent with a significant increase in protein glycosylation, obvious at the whole cell level. Thus, we demonstrate that solid-state NMR serves as a unique analytical tool to catalog and compare the ratios of distinct carbon types in cells and serves as a discovery tool to reveal the workings of inhibitors such as cycloheximide on whole-cell biochemistry.
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33
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Grundy M, Jones T, Elmi L, Hall M, Graham A, Russell N, Pallis M. Early changes in rpS6 phosphorylation and BH3 profiling predict response to chemotherapy in AML cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196805. [PMID: 29723246 PMCID: PMC5933738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blasts from different patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) vary in the agent(s) to which they are most responsive. With a myriad of novel agents to evaluate, there is a lack of predictive biomarkers to precisely assign targeted therapies to individual patients. Primary AML cells often survive poorly in vitro, thus confounding conventional cytotoxicity assays. The purpose of this work was to assess the potential of two same-day functional predictive assays in AML cell lines to predict long-term response to chemotherapy. (i) Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is a downstream substrate of PI3K/akt/mTOR/ kinase and MAPK kinase pathways and its dephosphorylation is also triggered by DNA double strand breaks. Phospho-rpS6 is reliably measurable by flow cytometry and thus has the potential to function as a biomarker of responsiveness to several therapeutic agents. (ii) A cell's propensity for apoptosis can be interrogated via a functional assay termed "Dynamic BH3 Profiling" in which mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in drug-treated cells can be driven by pro-apoptotic BH3 domain peptides such as PUMA-BH3. The extent to which a particular cell is primed for apoptosis by the drug can be determined by measuring the amount of cytochrome C released on addition of BH3 peptide. We demonstrate that phospho-rpS6 expression and PUMA-BH3 peptide-induced cytochrome C release after 4 hours both predict long term chemoresponsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and DNA double strand break inducers in AML cell lines. We also describe changes in expression levels of the prosurvival BCL-2 family member Mcl-1 and the pro-apoptotic protein BIM after short term drug culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grundy
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liban Elmi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Graham
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Russell
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Pallis
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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34
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Campbell KJ, Tait SWG. Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancer. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180002. [PMID: 29769323 PMCID: PMC5990650 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a cell to undergo mitochondrial apoptosis is governed by pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family. The equilibrium of pro- versus anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins ensures appropriate regulation of programmed cell death during development and maintains organismal health. When unbalanced, the BCL-2 family can act as a barrier to apoptosis and facilitate tumour development and resistance to cancer therapy. Here we discuss the BCL-2 family, their deregulation in cancer and recent pharmaceutical developments to target specific members of this family as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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35
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Tosello V, Saccomani V, Yu J, Bordin F, Amadori A, Piovan E. Calcineurin complex isolated from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells identifies new signaling pathways including mTOR/AKT/S6K whose inhibition synergize with calcineurin inhibition to promote T-ALL cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45715-45729. [PMID: 27304189 PMCID: PMC5216755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn) is a calcium activated protein phosphatase involved in many aspects of normal T cell physiology, however the role of Cn and/or its downstream targets in leukemogenesis are still ill-defined. In order to identify putative downstream targets/effectors involved in the pro-oncogenic activity of Cn in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) we used tandem affinity chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry to purify novel Cn-interacting partners. We found the Cn-interacting proteins to be part of numerous cellular signaling pathways including eIF2 signaling and mTOR signaling. Coherently, modulation of Cn activity in T-ALL cells determined alterations in the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in protein translation such as eIF-2α and ribosomal protein S6. Joint targeting of PI3K-mTOR, eIF-2α and 14-3-3 signaling pathways with Cn unveiled novel synergistic pro-apoptotic drug combinations. Further analysis disclosed that the synergistic interaction between PI3K-mTOR and Cn inhibitors was prevalently due to AKT inhibition. Finally, we showed that the synergistic pro-apoptotic response determined by jointly targeting AKT and Cn pathways was linked to down-modulation of key anti-apoptotic proteins including Mcl-1, Claspin and XIAP. In conclusion, we identify AKT inhibition as a novel promising drug combination to potentiate the pro-apoptotic effects of Cn inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tosello
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccomani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Present address: Department of Precision Medicine, Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Fulvio Bordin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Erich Piovan
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, 35128, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Sezione di Oncologia, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
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36
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Predicting effective pro-apoptotic anti-leukaemic drug combinations using co-operative dynamic BH3 profiling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190682. [PMID: 29298347 PMCID: PMC5752038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only apoptosis agonists BAD and NOXA target BCL-2 and MCL-1 respectively and co-operate to induce apoptosis. On this basis, therapeutic drugs targeting BCL-2 and MCL-1 might have enhanced activity if used in combination. We identified anti-leukaemic drugs sensitising to BCL-2 antagonism and drugs sensitising to MCL-1 antagonism using the technique of dynamic BH3 profiling, whereby cells were primed with drugs to discover whether this would elicit mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation in response to BCL-2-targeting BAD-BH3 peptide or MCL-1-targeting MS1-BH3 peptide. We found that a broad range of anti-leukaemic agents–notably MCL-1 inhibitors, DNA damaging agents and FLT3 inhibitors–sensitise leukaemia cells to BAD-BH3. We further analysed the BCL-2 inhibitors ABT-199 and JQ1, the MCL-1 inhibitors pladienolide B and torin1, the FLT3 inhibitor AC220 and the DNA double-strand break inducer etoposide to correlate priming responses with co-operative induction of apoptosis. ABT-199 in combination with pladienolide B, torin1, etoposide or AC220 strongly induced apoptosis within 4 hours, but the MCL-1 inhibitors did not co-operate with etoposide or AC220. In keeping with the long half-life of BCL-2, the BET domain inhibitor JQ1 was found to downregulate BCL-2 and to prime cells to respond to MS1-BH3 at 48, but not at 4 hours: prolonged priming with JQ1 was then shown to induce rapid cytochrome C release when pladienolide B, torin1, etoposide or AC220 were added. In conclusion, dynamic BH3 profiling is a useful mechanism-based tool for understanding and predicting co-operative lethality between drugs sensitising to BCL-2 antagonism and drugs sensitising to MCL-1 antagonism. A plethora of agents sensitised cells to BAD-BH3-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation in the dynamic BH3 profiling assay and this was associated with effective co-operation with the BCL-2 inhibitory compounds ABT-199 or JQ1.
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37
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Reinhart R, Rohner L, Wicki S, Fux M, Kaufmann T. BH3 mimetics efficiently induce apoptosis in mouse basophils and mast cells. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:204-216. [PMID: 28960207 PMCID: PMC5729523 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophil granulocytes and mast cells are recognized for their roles in immunity and are central effectors of diverse immunological disorders. Despite their similarities, there is emerging evidence for non-redundant roles of the circulating yet scarce basophils and tissue-resident mast cells, respectively. Because of their importance in allergic pathogenesis, specific induction of apoptosis in basophils and mast cells may represent an interesting novel treatment strategy. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-3 serves as a key factor for basophil and mouse mast cell survival. Interleukin-3 increases the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, such as BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1; however, little is known how strongly these individual proteins contribute to basophil survival. Here, we were applying small molecule inhibitors called BH3 mimetics, some of which show remarkable success in cancer treatments, to neutralize the function of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. We observed that expression levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins do not necessarily correlate with their respective importance for basophil survival. Whereas naive in vitro-differentiated mouse basophils efficiently died upon BCL-2 or BCL-XL inhibition, interleukin-3 priming rendered the cells highly resistant toward apoptosis, and this could only be overcome upon combined targeting of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Of note, human basophils differed from mouse basophils as they depended on BCL-2 and MCL-1, but not on BCL-XL, for their survival at steady state. On the other hand, and in contrast to mouse basophils, MCL-1 proved critical in mediating survival of interleukin-3 stimulated mouse mast cells, whereas BCL-XL seemed dispensable. Taken together, our results indicate that by choosing the right combination of BH3 mimetic compounds, basophils and mast cells can be efficiently killed, even after stimulation with potent pro-survival cytokines such as interleukin-3. Because of the tolerable side effects of BH3 mimetics, targeting basophils or mast cells for apoptosis opens interesting possibilities for novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Reinhart
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Rohner
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Wicki
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fux
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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38
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Nicholas BD, Francis S, Wagner EL, Zhang S, Shin JB. Protein Synthesis Inhibition and Activation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Are Potential Contributors to Cisplatin Ototoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:303. [PMID: 29033791 PMCID: PMC5627031 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has been regarded as an effective and versatile chemotherapeutic agent for nearly 40 years. Though the associated dose-dependent ototoxicity is known, the cellular mechanisms by which cochleovestibular hair cell death occur are not well understood. We have previously shown that aminoglycoside ototoxicity is mediated in part by cytosolic protein synthesis inhibition. Despite a lack of molecular similarity, aminoglycosides were shown to elicit similar stress pathways to cisplatin. We therefore reasoned that there may be some role of protein synthesis inhibition in cisplatin ototoxicity. Employing a modification of the bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) method, we evaluated the effects of cisplatin on cellular protein synthesis. We show that cisplatin inhibits cellular protein synthesis in organ of Corti explant cultures. Similar to what was found after gentamicin exposure, cisplatin activates both the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. In contrast to aminoglycosides, cisplatin also inhibits protein synthesis in all cochlear cell types. We further demonstrate that the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib completely prevents JNK activation, while providing only moderate hair cell protection. Simultaneous stimulation of cellular protein synthesis by insulin, however, significantly improved hair cell survival in culture. The presented data provides evidence for a potential role of protein synthesis inhibition in cisplatin-mediated ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Nicholas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shimon Francis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Wagner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sibo Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jung-Bum Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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39
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He M, Zhou Z, Wu G, Chen Q, Wan Y. Emerging role of DUBs in tumor metastasis and apoptosis: Therapeutic implication. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:96-107. [PMID: 28279784 PMCID: PMC5565705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system is tightly linked to tumor formation and tumor metastasis. Targeting the ubiquitin-pathway provides a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Despite the parts played by ubiquitin modifiers, removal of ubiquitin from the functional proteins by the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an important role in governing the multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, including local invasion, dissemination, and eventual colonization of the tumor to distant organs. Both deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination could lead to dysregulation of various critical events and pathways such as apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent TCGA study has further revealed the connection between mutations of DUBs and various types of tumors. In addition, emerging drug design targeting DUBs provides a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of deubiquitination and highlight the recent discoveries of DUBs with regards to multiple metastatic events including anti-apoptosis pathway and EMT. We will further discuss the regulation of deubiquitination as a novel strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - George Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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40
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Shi J, Mitchison TJ. Cell death response to anti-mitotic drug treatment in cell culture, mouse tumor model and the clinic. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T83-T96. [PMID: 28249963 PMCID: PMC5557680 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-mitotic cancer drugs include classic microtubule-targeting drugs, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, and the newer spindle-targeting drugs, such as inhibitors of the motor protein; Kinesin-5 (aka KSP, Eg5, KIF11); and Aurora-A, Aurora-B and Polo-like kinases. Microtubule-targeting drugs are among the first line of chemotherapies for a wide spectrum of cancers, but patient responses vary greatly. We still lack understanding of how these drugs achieve a favorable therapeutic index, and why individual patient responses vary. Spindle-targeting drugs have so far shown disappointing results in the clinic, but it is possible that certain patients could benefit if we understand their mechanism of action better. Pre-clinical data from both cell culture and mouse tumor models showed that the cell death response is the most variable point of the drug action. Hence, in this review we focus on current mechanistic understanding of the cell death response to anti-mitotics. We first draw on extensive results from cell culture studies, and then cross-examine them with the more limited data from animal tumor models and the clinic. We end by discussing how cell type variation in cell death response might be harnessed to improve anti-mitotic chemotherapy by better patient stratification, new drug combinations and identification of novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Shi
- Department of Physics and Department of BiologyCenter for Quantitative Systems Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Nikhil K, Shah K. The Cdk5-Mcl-1 axis promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in a model of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3023-3039. [PMID: 28751497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdk5 deregulation is highly neurotoxic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We identified Mcl-1 as a direct Cdk5 substrate using an innovative chemical screen in mouse brain lysates. Our data demonstrate that Mcl-1 levels determine the threshold for cellular damage in response to neurotoxic insults. Mcl-1 is a disease-specific target of Cdk5, which associates with Cdk5 under basal conditions, but is not regulated by it. Neurotoxic insults hyperactivate Cdk5 causing Mcl-1 phosphorylation at T92. This phosphorylation event triggers Mcl-1 ubiquitylation, which directly correlates with mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, ectopic expression of phosphorylation-dead T92A-Mcl-1 fully prevents mitochondrial damage and subsequent cell death triggered by neurotoxic treatments in neuronal cells and primary cortical neurons. Notably, enhancing Mcl-1 levels offers comparable neuroprotection to that observed upon Cdk5 depletion, suggesting that Mcl-1 degradation by direct phosphorylation is a key mechanism by which Cdk5 promotes neurotoxicity in AD. The clinical significance of the Mcl-1-Cdk5 axis was investigated in human AD clinical specimens, revealing an inverse correlation between Mcl-1 levels and disease severity. These results emphasize the potential of Mcl-1 upregulation as an attractive therapeutic strategy for delaying or preventing neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nikhil
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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42
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Zeng M, Yang QR, Fu GB, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Huang WJ, Zhang HD, Li WJ, Wang ZY, Yan HX, Zhai B. Maintaining viability and characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma tissue by vitrification-based cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2017; 78:41-46. [PMID: 28716599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissue has great clinical and scientific value which relies highly on the proper preservation of primary materials. Conventional tumor tissue cryopreservation using slow-freezing method has yielded limited success, leading to significant cell loss and morphological damage. Here we report a standardized vitrification-based cryopreservation method, by which we have successfully vitrified and warmed 35 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) tissues with up to 80% viability of the fresh tumor tissues. Cryopreserved ICC tissue could generate patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with take rates of 68.2% compared to 72.7% using fresh tumor tissues. Histological and genetic analyses showed that no significant alterations in morphology and gene expression were introduced by this cryopreservation method. Our procedure may facilitate collection, long-time storage and propagation of cholangiocarcinoma or other tumor specimens for (pre)clinical studies of novel therapies or for basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiu-Rui Yang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Dan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - He-Xin Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China.
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43
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Carrington EM, Zhan Y, Brady JL, Zhang JG, Sutherland RM, Anstee NS, Schenk RL, Vikstrom IB, Delconte RB, Segal D, Huntington ND, Bouillet P, Tarlinton DM, Huang DC, Strasser A, Cory S, Herold MJ, Lew AM. Anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2, MCL-1 and A1 summate collectively to maintain survival of immune cell populations both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:878-888. [PMID: 28362427 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of various immune cell populations has been proposed to preferentially rely on a particular anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, for example, naive T cells require BCL-2, while regulatory T cells require MCL-1. Here we examined the survival requirements of multiple immune cell subsets in vitro and in vivo, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our findings support a model in which survival is determined by quantitative participation of multiple anti-apoptotic proteins rather than by a single anti-apoptotic protein. This model provides both an insight into how the sum of relative levels of anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2, MCL-1 and A1 influence survival of T cells, B cells and dendritic cells, and a framework for ascertaining how these different immune cells can be optimally targeted in treatment of immunopathology, transplantation rejection or hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Carrington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie L Brady
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn M Sutherland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Natasha S Anstee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn L Schenk
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ingela B Vikstrom
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Segal
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Department of Immunology & Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Cs Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cory
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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44
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Fischer A, Harrison KS, Ramirez Y, Auer D, Chowdhury SR, Prusty BK, Sauer F, Dimond Z, Kisker C, Hefty PS, Rudel T. Chlamydia trachomatis-containing vacuole serves as deubiquitination platform to stabilize Mcl-1 and to interfere with host defense. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28347402 PMCID: PMC5370187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular Chlamydia trachomatis replicate in a membrane-bound vacuole called inclusion, which serves as a signaling interface with the host cell. Here, we show that the chlamydial deubiquitinating enzyme (Cdu) 1 localizes in the inclusion membrane and faces the cytosol with the active deubiquitinating enzyme domain. The structure of this domain revealed high similarity to mammalian deubiquitinases with a unique α-helix close to the substrate-binding pocket. We identified the apoptosis regulator Mcl-1 as a target that interacts with Cdu1 and is stabilized by deubiquitination at the chlamydial inclusion. A chlamydial transposon insertion mutant in the Cdu1-encoding gene exhibited increased Mcl-1 and inclusion ubiquitination and reduced Mcl-1 stabilization. Additionally, inactivation of Cdu1 led to increased sensitivity of C. trachomatis for IFNγ and impaired infection in mice. Thus, the chlamydial inclusion serves as an enriched site for a deubiquitinating activity exerting a function in selective stabilization of host proteins and protection from host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kelly S Harrison
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, lawrence, United States
| | - Yesid Ramirez
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Auer
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Sauer
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Dimond
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, lawrence, United States
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Scott Hefty
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, lawrence, United States
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Bone marrow microenvironment-derived signals induce Mcl-1 dependence in multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 129:1969-1979. [PMID: 28151428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-745059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is highly dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment until progressing to very advanced extramedullary stages of the disease such as plasma cell leukemia. Stromal cells in the bone marrow secrete a variety of cytokines that promote plasma cell survival by regulating antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family including Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2. Although the antiapoptotic protein on which a cell depends is typically consistent among normal cells of a particular phenotype, Bcl-2 family dependence is highly heterogeneous in multiple myeloma. Although normal plasma cells and most multiple myeloma cells require Mcl-1 for survival, a subset of myeloma is codependent on Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL We investigated the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in determining Bcl-2 family dependence in multiple myeloma. We used the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737 to study the factors regulating whether myeloma is Mcl-1 dependent, and thus resistant to ABT-737-induced apoptosis, or Bcl-2/Bcl-xL codependent, and thus sensitive to ABT-737. We demonstrate that bone marrow stroma is capable of inducing Mcl-1 dependence through the production of the plasma cell survival cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 upregulates Mcl-1 transcription in a STAT3-dependent manner, although this occurred in a minority of the cells tested. In all cells, IL-6 treatment results in posttranslational modification of the proapoptotic protein Bim. Phosphorylation of Bim shifts its binding from Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to Mcl-1, an effect reversed by MEK inhibition. Blocking IL-6 or downstream signaling restored Bcl-2/Bcl-xL dependence and may therefore represent a clinically useful strategy to enhance the activity of Bcl-2 inhibitors.
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Kew V, Wills M, Reeves M. HCMV activation of ERK-MAPK drives a multi-factorial response promoting the survival of infected myeloid progenitors. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 6:13-25. [PMID: 28491825 PMCID: PMC5421601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral binding and entry provides the first trigger of a cell death response and thus how human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) evades this - particularly during latent infection where a very limited pattern of gene expression is observed - is less well understood. It has been demonstrated that the activation of cellular signalling pathways upon virus binding promotes the survival of latently infected cells by the activation of cell encoded anti-apoptotic responses. In CD34+ cells, a major site of HCMV latency, ERK signalling is important for survival and we now show that the activation of this pathway impacts on multiple aspects of cell death pathways. The data illustrate that HCMV infection triggers activation of pro-apoptotic Bak which is then countered through multiple ERK-dependent functions. Specifically, ERK promotes ELK1 mediated transcription of the key survival molecule MCL-1, along with a concomitant decrease of the pro-apoptotic BIM and PUMA proteins. Finally, we show that the elimination of ELK-1 from CD34+ cells results in elevated Bak activation in response to viral infection, resulting in cell death. Taken together, these data begin to shed light on the poly-functional response elicited by HCMV via ERK-MAPK to promote cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Kew
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wills
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Reeves
- UCL Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Wu X, Fu Y, Sun X, Liu C, Chai M, Chen C, Dai L, Gao Y, Jiang H, Zhang J. The possible FAT1-mediated apoptotic pathways in porcine cumulus cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:24-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xulei Sun
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
- Shenyang Jiuzhou Hosipital; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Menglong Chai
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agriculture University; Beijing China
| | - Chengzhen Chen
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Lisheng Dai
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
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Cycloheximide Can Induce Bax/Bak Dependent Myeloid Cell Death Independently of Multiple BH3-Only Proteins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164003. [PMID: 27806040 PMCID: PMC5091851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis mediated by Bax or Bak is usually thought to be triggered by BH3-only members of the Bcl-2 protein family. BH3-only proteins can directly bind to and activate Bax or Bak, or indirectly activate them by binding to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, thereby relieving their inhibition of Bax and Bak. Here we describe a third way of activation of Bax/Bak dependent apoptosis that does not require triggering by multiple BH3-only proteins. In factor dependent myeloid (FDM) cell lines, cycloheximide induced apoptosis by a Bax/Bak dependent mechanism, because Bax-/-Bak-/- lines were profoundly resistant, whereas FDM lines lacking one or more genes for BH3-only proteins remained highly sensitive. Addition of cycloheximide led to the rapid loss of Mcl-1 but did not affect the expression of other Bcl-2 family proteins. In support of these findings, similar results were observed by treating FDM cells with the CDK inhibitor, roscovitine. Roscovitine reduced Mcl-1 abundance and caused Bax/Bak dependent cell death, yet FDM lines lacking one or more genes for BH3-only proteins remained highly sensitive. Therefore Bax/Bak dependent apoptosis can be regulated by the abundance of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Mcl-1, independently of several known BH3-only proteins.
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Khodayari N, Mohammed KA, Lee H, Kaye F, Nasreen N. MicroRNA-302b targets Mcl-1 and inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1996-2009. [PMID: 27725905 PMCID: PMC5043109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs belonging to the miR-302 family are emerging as key players in the control of cell growth, and maintaining pluripotency during cell fate determination and differentiation in embryonic stem cells. However, the mechanisms whereby ephA2/ephirnA1 signaling regulates miR-302b expression and attenuates malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell growth are not known. Our study identified a novel mechanism of ephrin-A1 mediated anti-oncogenic signaling in MPM. Ephrin-A1 treatment up regulates miR-302b expression in MPM cells and attenuates cell proliferation and tumorsphere formation via repression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). The expression of miR-302b was analyzed by qPCR, the expression of Mcl-1 was analyzed by RT-PCR, immuno-blotting and Immunofluorescence staining. To confirm that ephrin-A1 regulates the expression of Mcl-1 mRNA through miR-302b up regulation, cells were transfected with and without miR-302b and miR-302b inhibitor prior to ephrinA1 treatment. The cell proliferation and tumorsphere formation was measured by WST-1 and matrigel assays respectively. In addition, to confirm the binding of miR-302b to the 3'UTR of Mcl-1 Luciferase assay was performed. Ephrin-A1 treatment induced several fold increases of miR-302b expression in MM cells. In ephrin-A1 treated MM cells, Mcl-1 expression was significantly down regulated when compared to control. Moreover, ephrin-A1 activation significantly inhibited MM cell proliferation and tumorsphere growth. Furthermore, ephrinA1 and miR-302b induced apoptosis in MM cells. The present data suggests that ephrin-A1 induces the expression of miR-302b in MM cells which targets Mcl-1 thereby inhibits MM tumorsphere growth by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA; NF/SG Veterans Health System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hungyen Lee
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA; NF/SG Veterans Health System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Frederick Kaye
- Hematology Oncology-Cancer Center, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA; NF/SG Veterans Health System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of FloridaGainesville, Florida, USA
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50
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Garg SM, Falamarzian A, Vakili MR, Aliabadi HM, Uludağ H, Lavasanifar A. Polymeric micelles for MCL-1 gene silencing in breast tumors following systemic administration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2319-39. [PMID: 27527491 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop delivery systems for efficient siRNA delivery to breast cancer. METHODS Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ϵ-caprolactone-grafted-spermine) (PEO-b-P(CL-g-SP)) micelles were modified with cholesterol group in their core and with RGD4C peptide on their shell. Transfection efficiency of complexed MCL-1 siRNA in MDA-MB-435 was investigated, in vitro and in vivo following intratumoral and intravenous injection. RESULTS Cholesteryl modification of the core significantly increased the transfection efficiency of PEO-b-P(CL-g-SP)-complexed siRNA, in vitro, but not following intratumoral or intravenous administration, in vivo. Instead, RGD4C modification of the micellar shell enhanced transfection efficiency of complexed MCL-1 siRNA in tumor upon intravenous administration. CONCLUSION RGD4C-PEO-b-P(CL-g-SP) micelles, without or with cholesterol modification, can provide efficient delivery of siRNA to breast tumors following systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam M Garg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Arash Falamarzian
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Vakili
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Hamidreza M Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
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