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Carr D, Zein A, Coulombe J, Jiang T, Cabrita MA, Ward G, Daneshmand M, Sau A, Pratt MAC. Multiple roles for Bcl-3 in mammary gland branching, stromal collagen invasion, involution and tumor pathology. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:40. [PMID: 35681213 PMCID: PMC9185916 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bcl-3 protein is an atypical member of the inhibitor of -κB family that has dual roles as a transcriptional repressor and a coactivator for dimers of NF-κB p50 and p52. Bcl-3 is expressed in mammary adenocarcinomas and can promote tumorigenesis and survival signaling and has a key role in tumor metastasis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Bcl-3 in the normal mammary gland and impact on tumor pathology. METHODS We utilized bcl-3-/- mice to study mammary gland structure in virgins and during gestation, lactation and early involution. Expression of involution-associated genes and proteins and putative Bcl-3 target genes was examined by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Cell autonomous branching morphogenesis and collagen I invasion properties of bcl-3-/- organoids were tested in 3D hydrogel cultures. The role of Bcl-3 in tumorigenesis and tumor pathology was also assessed using a stochastic carcinogen-induced mammary tumor model. RESULTS Bcl-3-/- mammary glands demonstrated reduced branching complexity in virgin and pregnant mice. This defect was recapitulated in vitro where significant defects in bud formation were observed in bcl-3-/- mammary organoid cultures. Bcl-3-/- organoids showed a striking defect in protrusive collective fibrillary collagen I invasion associated with reduced expression of Fzd1 and Twist2. Virgin and pregnant bcl-3-/- glands showed increased apoptosis and rapid increases in lysosomal cell death and apoptosis after forced weaning compared to WT mice. Bcl-2 and Id3 are strongly induced in WT but not bcl-3-/- glands in early involution. Tumors in WT mice were predominately adenocarcinomas with NF-κB activation, while bcl-3-/- lesions were largely squamous lacking NF-κB and with low Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that Bcl-3 has a key function in mammary gland branching morphogenesis, in part by regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix invasion. Markedly reduced levels of pro-survival proteins expression in bcl-3 null compared to WT glands 24 h post-weaning indicate that Bcl-3 has a role in moderating the rate of early phase involution. Lastly, a reduced incidence of bcl-3-/- mammary adenocarcinomas versus squamous lesions indicates that Bcl-3 supports the progression of epithelial but not metaplastic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aiman Zein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Josée Coulombe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miguel A Cabrita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gwendoline Ward
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Sau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Su TR, Yu CC, Chao SC, Huang CC, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Yu CH, Lin SS. Fenofibrate diminishes the self-renewal and metastasis potentials of oral carcinoma stem cells through NF-κB signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1900-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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STAT3 Stabilizes IKKα Protein through Direct Interaction in Transformed and Cancerous Human Breast Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010082. [PMID: 33396715 PMCID: PMC7795115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are two representative transcription factors that play a critical role in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis through multi-level cooperation. Unlike other types of tumors, breast carcinomas have shown a significant dependency on the non-classical NF-κB pathway as well as the classical one. The α subunit of the inhibitor of the κB kinase (IKK) complex, IKKα, is involved in both classical and non-classical activation of NF-κB. Although the cross-talk between STAT3 and NF-κB has been suggested in several studies, the interplay between STAT3 and the regulators of NF-κB including IKKα has not been fully clarified yet. In this study, we observed overexpression and co-localization of IKKα and STAT3 in human breast cancer tissues as well as in H-Ras transformed human breast epithelial (H-Ras MCF-10A) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. By utilizing small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, we were able to demonstrate that STAT3 up-regulated IKKα, but not IKKβ or IKKγ, in these cells. This was attributable to direct binding to and subsequent stabilization of IKKα protein by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Notably, we identified the lysine 44 residue of IKKα as a putative binding site for STAT3. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of IKKα attenuated viability, anchorage-independent growth and migratory capabilities of H-Ras MCF-10A cells. Taken together, these findings propose a novel mechanism responsible for NF-κB activation by STAT3 through stabilization of IKKα, which contributes to breast cancer promotion and progression. Thus, breaking the STAT3-IKKα alliance can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Xu J, Hua X, Jin H, Zhu J, Li Y, Li J, Huang C. NFκB2 p52 stabilizes rhogdiβ mRNA by inhibiting AUF1 protein degradation via a miR-145/Sp1/USP8-dependent axis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:777-793. [PMID: 30604907 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although overexpression of the non-canonical NFκB subunit p52 has been observed in several tumors, the function and mechanism of p52 in bladder cancer (BC) are less well understood. Here, we aimed at understanding the role and mechanism underlying p52 regulation of BC invasion. Human p52 was stably knockdown with shRNA targeting p52 in two bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and UMUC3). Two constitutively expressing constructs, p52 and p100, were stably transfected in to T24 or UMUC3, respectively. The stable transfectants were used to determine function and mechanisms responsible for p52 regulation of BC invasion. We demonstrate that p52 mediates human BC invasion. Knockdown of p52 impaired bladder cancer invasion by reduction of rhogdiβ mRNA stability and expression. Positively regulation of rhogdiβ mRNA stability was mediated by p52 promoting AUF1 protein degradation, consequently resulting in reduction of AUF1 binding to rhogdiβ mRNA. Further studies indicated that AUF1 protein degradation was mediated by upregulating USP8 transcription, which was modulated by its negative regulatory transcription factor Sp1. Moreover, we found that p52 upregulated miR-145, which directly bound to the 3'-UTR of sp1 mRNA, leading to downregulation of Sp1 protein translation. Our results reveal a comprehensive pathway that p52 acts as a positive regulator of BC invasion by initiating a novel miR-145/Sp1/USP8/AUF1/RhoGDIβ axis. These findings provide insight into the understanding of p52 in the pathology of human BC invasion and progression, which may be useful information in the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for using p52 as a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Honglei Jin
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yang Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chuangshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, New York
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5
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Paul A, Edwards J, Pepper C, Mackay S. Inhibitory-κB Kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NFκB)-Inducing Kinase (NIK) as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Cells 2018; 7:E176. [PMID: 30347849 PMCID: PMC6210445 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular kinases inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) are well recognised as key central regulators and drivers of the non-canonical NF-κB cascade and as such dictate the initiation and development of defined transcriptional responses associated with the liberation of p52-RelB and p52-p52 NF-κB dimer complexes. Whilst these kinases and downstream NF-κB complexes transduce pro-inflammatory and growth stimulating signals that contribute to major cellular processes, they also play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory-based conditions and diverse cancer types, which for the latter may be a result of background mutational status. IKKα and NIK, therefore, represent attractive targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, specifically in the cancer setting, we reflect on the potential pathophysiological role(s) of each of these kinases, their associated downstream signalling outcomes and the stimulatory and mutational mechanisms leading to their increased activation. We also consider the downstream coordination of transcriptional events and phenotypic outcomes illustrative of key cancer 'Hallmarks' that are now increasingly perceived to be due to the coordinated recruitment of both NF-κB-dependent as well as NF-κB⁻independent signalling. Furthermore, as these kinases regulate the transition from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent growth in defined tumour subsets, potential tumour reactivation and major cytokine and chemokine species that may have significant bearing upon tumour-stromal communication and tumour microenvironment it reiterates their potential to be drug targets. Therefore, with the emergence of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting each of these kinases, we consider medicinal chemistry efforts to date and those evolving that may contribute to the development of viable pharmacological intervention strategies to target a variety of tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Simon Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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Hatamipour M, Ramezani M, Tabassi SAS, Johnston TP, Ramezani M, Sahebkar A. Demethoxycurcumin: A naturally occurring curcumin analogue with antitumor properties. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9247-9260. [PMID: 30076727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The eradication of cancer in a patient remains an elusive challenge despite advances in early detection and diagnosis, chemo- and immunotherapy, pinpoint radiation treatments, and expert surgical intervention. Although significant gains have been made in our understanding of cancer cell biology, a definite cure for most cancers does not exist at present. Thus, it is not surprising that the research and medical communities continue to explore the importance and therapeutic potential of natural products in their multimodality cancer treatment approach. Curcuminoids found in turmeric are one such class of natural products that have been extensively investigated for their potential to halt the progression of cancer cell proliferation and, more important, to stop metastasis from occurring. In this review, we examine one curcuminoid (demethoxycurcumin [DMC]) largely because of its increased stability and better aqueous solubility at physiological pH, unlike the more well-known curcuminoid (curcumin), which is largely unabsorbed after oral ingestion. The present review will focus on the signaling pathways that DMC utilizes to modulate the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells in an effort to provide enhanced mechanistic insight into DMC's action as it pertains to brain, ovarian, breast, lung, skin, and prostate cancer. Additionally, this review will attempt to provide an overview of DMC's mechanism of action by modulating apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemosensitivity. Lastly, it is hoped that increased understanding will be gained concerning DMC's interactive role with microRNA-551a, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, Wnt inhibitory factor-1, and heat shock protein 70 to affect the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hatamipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahin Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Mahnaz Ramezani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
While many studies have demonstrated that canonical NF-κB signaling is a central pathway in lung tumorigenesis, the role of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in lung cancer remains undefined. We observed frequent nuclear accumulation of the non-canonical NF-κB component p100/p52 in human lung adenocarcinoma. To investigate the impact of non-canonical NF-κB signaling on lung carcinogenesis, we employed transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of p52 in airway epithelial cells. p52 over-expression led to increased tumor number and progression after injection of the carcinogen urethane. Gene expression analysis of lungs from transgenic mice combined with in vitro studies suggested that p52 promotes proliferation of lung epithelial cells through regulation of cell cycle-associated genes. Using gene expression and patient information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that expression of p52-associated genes was increased in lung adenocarcinomas and correlated with reduced survival, even in early stage disease. Analysis of p52-associated gene expression in additional human lung adenocarcinoma datasets corroborated these findings. Together, these studies implicate the non-canonical NF-κB component p52 in lung carcinogenesis and suggest modulation of p52 activity and/or downstream mediators as new therapeutic targets.
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8
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Molecular Imaging of Smoke-Induced Changes in Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Expression in Murine Tissues Including the Lung. J Burn Care Res 2018; 37:335-342. [PMID: 27437954 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many inflammatory responses are mediated by activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and a wide variety of human diseases involve abnormal regulation of its expression. In this investigation, we evaluated the effect of smoke inhalation injury on NF-κB expression in lung using two strains of NF-κB reporter mice. Groups of reporter mice with viral thymidine kinase (TK) or "fire fly" luciferase (Luc) genes under control by the NF-κB promoter (TK/NF-κB mice and Luc/NF-κB mice) were subjected to nonlethal smoke inhalation injury. Sham-treated animals served as controls. Twenty-four hours (each animal was injected intravenously with either 9-(4-18F-fluoro-3-[hydroxymethyl]butyl)guanine (FHBG) (~ 1.0 mCi) or luciferin (1.0 mg). One hour later, the TK/NF-κB mice were studied by micro-positron emission tomography (µ-PET) imaging using a Concord P4 µ-PET camera, and the Luc/NF-κB mice were studied by bioluminescence imaging with a charge-coupled device camera. The µ-PET data demonstrated that smoke injury produced massive increases in NF-κB expression (FHBG-standardized uptake value: 3.1 vs 0.0) 24 hours after smoke inhalation, which was reduced 48 hours after smoke inhalation, but still significantly different than the control. Qualitative analysis of the bioluminescence data revealed a remarkably similar effect of burn NF-κB luciferase expression in vivo. Biodistribution studies of FHBG uptake and luciferase activity in lung tissue demonstrated a similar increase 24 hours after injury, which was reduced 48 hours later, but still significantly higher than the sham. The present data with these models providing longitudinal imaging data on the same mouse may prove useful in the examination of the factors producing lung injury by smoke inhalation, as well as the treatment(s) for the damage produced with and without burn injury.
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Velloso FJ, Bianco AFR, Farias JO, Torres NEC, Ferruzo PYM, Anschau V, Jesus-Ferreira HC, Chang THT, Sogayar MC, Zerbini LF, Correa RG. The crossroads of breast cancer progression: insights into the modulation of major signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5491-5524. [PMID: 29200866 PMCID: PMC5701508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease with highest public health impact in developed countries. Particularly, breast cancer has the highest incidence in women worldwide and the fifth highest mortality in the globe, imposing a significant social and economic burden to society. The disease has a complex heterogeneous etiology, being associated with several risk factors that range from lifestyle to age and family history. Breast cancer is usually classified according to the site of tumor occurrence and gene expression profiling. Although mutations in a few key genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with high breast cancer risk, the large majority of breast cancer cases are related to mutated genes of low penetrance, which are frequently altered in the whole population. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer, including the several deregulated genes and related pathways linked to this pathology, is essential to ensure advances in early tumor detection and prevention. In this review, we outline key cellular pathways whose deregulation has been associated with breast cancer, leading to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the delicate hormonal balance of breast tissue cells. Therefore, here we describe some potential breast cancer-related nodes and signaling concepts linked to the disease, which can be positively translated into novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valesca Anschau
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ted Hung-Tse Chang
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Luiz F Zerbini
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sau A, Cabrita MA, Pratt MAC. NF-κB at the Crossroads of Normal Mammary Gland Biology and the Pathogenesis and Prevention of BRCA1-Mutated Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:69-80. [PMID: 29101208 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that progesterone receptor (PR)-expressing cells respond to progesterone in part through the induction of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which acts in a paracrine manner to induce expansion of a RANK-expressing luminal progenitor cell population. The RANK+ population in human breast tissue from carriers of BRCA1 mutations (BRCA1mut/+) as well as the luminal progenitor population in Brca1-deficient mouse mammary glands is abnormally amplified. Remarkably, mouse Brca1+/- and human BRCA1mut/+ progenitor cells are able to form colonies in vitro in the absence of progesterone, demonstrating a hormone-independent proliferative capacity. Our research has demonstrated that proliferation in BRCA1-deficient cells results in a DNA damage response (DDR) that activates a persistent NF-κB signal, which supplants progesterone/RANKL signaling for an extended time period. Thus, the transcriptional targets normally activated by RANKL that promote a proliferative response in luminal progenitors can contribute to the susceptibility of mammary epithelial cells to BRCA1-mutated breast cancers as a consequence of DDR-induced NF-κB. Together, these latest findings mark substantial progress in uncovering the mechanisms driving high rates of breast tumorigenesis in BRCA1 mutation carriers and ultimately reveal possibilities for nonsurgical prevention strategies. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 69-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sau
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR. Modulation of oncogenic transcription factors by bioactive natural products in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:376-388. [PMID: 28923544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, a multi-step phenomenon, characterized by alterations at genetic level and affecting the main intracellular pathways controlling cell growth and development. There are growing number of evidences linking oncogenes to the induction of malignancies, especially breast cancer. Modulations of oncogenes lead to gain-of-function signals in the cells and contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. These signals yield a large number of proteins that cause cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. Transcription factors such as STAT, p53, NF-κB, c-JUN and FOXM1, are proteins that are conserved among species, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to DNA and regulate the specific genes targets. Oncogenic transcription factors resulting from the mutation or overexpression following aberrant gene expression relay the signals in the nucleus and disrupt the transcription pattern. Activation of oncogenic transcription factors is associated with control of cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and cell differentiation. Among different cancer types, breast cancer is one of top ten cancers worldwide. There are different subtypes of breast cancer cell-lines such as non-aggressive MCF-7 and aggressive and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, which are identified with distinct molecular profile and different levels of oncogenic transcription factor. For instance, MDA-MB-231 carries mutated and overexpressed p53 with its abnormal, uncontrolled downstream signalling pathway that account for resistance to several anticancer drugs compared to MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Appropriate enough, inhibition of oncogenic transcription factors has become a potential target in discovery and development of anti-tumour drugs against breast cancer. Plants produce diverse amount of organic metabolites. Universally, these metabolites with biological activities are known as "natural products". The chemical structure and function of natural products have been studied since 1850s. Investigating these properties leaded to recognition of their molecular effects as anticancer drugs. Numerous natural products extracted from plants, fruits, mushrooms and mycelia, show potential inhibitory effects against several oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer. Natural compounds that target oncogenic transcription factors have increased the number of candidate therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bennett L, Quinn J, McCall P, Mallon EA, Horgan PG, McMillan DC, Paul A, Edwards J. High IKKα expression is associated with reduced time to recurrence and cancer specific survival in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1633-1644. [PMID: 28006839 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between tumour IKKα expression and breast cancer recurrence and survival. Immunohistochemistry was employed in a discovery and a validation tissue microarray to assess the association of tumour IKKα expression and clinico-pathological characteristics. After siRNA-mediated silencing of IKKα, cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In both the discovery and validation cohorts, associations observed between IKKα and clinical outcome measures were potentiated in oestrogen receptor (ER) positive Luminal A tumours. In the discovery cohort, cytoplasmic IKKα was associated with disease-free survival (p = 0.029) and recurrence-free survival on tamoxifen (p < 0.001) in Luminal A tumours. Nuclear IKKα and a combination of cytoplasmic and nuclear IKKα (total tumour cell IKKα) were associated with cancer-specific survival (p = 0.012 and p = 0.007, respectively) and recurrence-free survival on tamoxifen (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively) in Luminal A tumours. In the validation cohort, cytoplasmic IKKα was associated with cancer-specific survival (p = 0.023), disease-free survival (p = 0.002) and recurrence-free survival on tamoxifen (p = 0.009) in Luminal A tumours. Parallel experiment with breast cancer cells in vitro demonstrated the non-canonical NF-κB pathway was inducible by exposure to lymphotoxin in ER-positive MCF7 cells and not in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Reduction in IKKα expression by siRNA transfection increased levels of apoptosis and reduced cell viability in MCF7 but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. IKKα is an important determinant of poor outcome in patients with ER-positive invasive ductal breast cancer and thus may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bennett
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Quinn
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela McCall
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Mallon
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Horgan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Rojo F, González-Pérez A, Furriol J, Nicolau MJ, Ferrer J, Burgués O, Sabbaghi M, González-Navarrete I, Cristobal I, Serrano L, Zazo S, Madoz J, Servitja S, Tusquets I, Albanell J, Lluch A, Rovira A, Eroles P. Non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation predicts outcome in borderline oestrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:322-31. [PMID: 27404455 PMCID: PMC4973161 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NF-κB signalling appears deregulated in breast tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, is activated in oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, to identify any correlation between its activity and the clinico-pathological phenotype and to explore whether NF-κB2 and RelB subunits and/or any of their target genes might be used as a predictive marker. Methods: Two independent cohorts of ER+ early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy were included in the study. Activation of RelB and NF-κB2 subunits was determined in a training set of 121 patients by measuring DNA-binding activities in nuclear extracts from fresh frozen specimens by an ELISA-based assay. Samples of 15 ER− breast cancer patients were also included in the study. In a large validation cohort of 207 patients, nuclear immunostaining of RelB and NF-κB2 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens was performed. Statistical correlation within clinico-pathological factors, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Publicly available gene expression and survival data have been interrogated aimed to identify target genes. Results: Activation of NF-κB2 and RelB was found in 53.7 and 49.2% of the 121 ER+ tumours analysed, with similar levels to ER− breast tumours analysed in parallel for comparisons. In the validation cohort, we obtained a similar proportion of cases with activation of NF-κB2 and RelB (59.9 and 32.4%), with a 39.6% of co-activation. Multiplexing immunofluorescence in breast cancer tissue confirmed an inverse spatial distribution of ER with NF-κB2 and RelB nuclear expression in tumour cells. Interestingly, NF-κB2 and RelB mRNA expression was inversely correlated with ER gene (ESR1) levels (P<0.001, both) and its activation was significantly associated with worse DFS (P=0.005 and P=0.035, respectively) in ER+ breast cancer. Moreover, the co-activation of both subunits showed a stronger association with early relapse (P=0.002) and OS (P=0.001). Finally, higher expression of the non-canonical NF-κB target gene myoglobin was associated with a poor outcome in ER+ breast cancer (DFS, P<0.05). Conclusions: The non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation is inversely associated with oestrogen receptor expression in ER+ breast cancer and predicts poor survival in this subgroup. The myoglobin gene expression has been identified as a possible surrogate marker of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jessica Furriol
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ma Jesús Nicolau
- Pathology Department Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, 12004 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - MohammadA Sabbaghi
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Cristobal
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Serrano
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Panday A, Inda ME, Bagam P, Sahoo MK, Osorio D, Batra S. Transcription Factor NF-κB: An Update on Intervention Strategies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:463-483. [PMID: 27236331 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-κB family of transcription factors are ubiquitous and pleiotropic molecules that regulate the expression of more than 150 genes involved in a broad range of processes including inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The chronic activation or dysregulation of NF-κB signaling is the central cause of pathogenesis in many disease conditions and, therefore, NF-κB is a major focus of therapeutic intervention. Because of this, understanding the relationship between NF-κB and the induction of various downstream signaling molecules is imperative. In this review, we provide an updated synopsis of the role of NF-κB in DNA repair and in various ailments including cardiovascular diseases, HIV infection, asthma, herpes simplex virus infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. Furthermore, we also discuss the specific targets for selective inhibitors and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Panday
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Inda
- Departamento de Microbiología, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional Rosario, Suipacha 531, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Environmental Toxicology PhD Program, 207 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Diana Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. .,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Environmental Toxicology PhD Program, 207 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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15
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Rinkenbaugh AL, Baldwin AS. The NF-κB Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020016. [PMID: 27058560 PMCID: PMC4931665 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is a crucial regulator of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, aberrant NF-κB signaling has been identified in many types of cancer. Downstream of key oncogenic pathways, such as RAS, BCR-ABL, and Her2, NF-κB regulates transcription of target genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and mediate invasion and metastasis. The cancer stem cell model posits that a subset of tumor cells (cancer stem cells) drive tumor initiation, exhibit resistance to treatment, and promote recurrence and metastasis. This review examines the evidence for a role for NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rinkenbaugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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16
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Saxon JA, Cheng DS, Han W, Polosukhin VV, McLoed AG, Richmond BW, Gleaves LA, Tanjore H, Sherrill TP, Barham W, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. p52 Overexpression Increases Epithelial Apoptosis, Enhances Lung Injury, and Reduces Survival after Lipopolysaccharide Treatment. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:1891-9. [PMID: 26773153 PMCID: PMC4744539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for canonical NF-κB signaling in inflammation and disease, the function of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway remains ill-defined. In lung tissue from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, we identified increased expression of the noncanonical pathway component p100/p52. To investigate the effects of p52 expression in vivo, we generated a novel transgenic mouse model with inducible expression of p52 in Clara cell secretory protein-expressing airway epithelial cells. Although p52 overexpression alone did not cause significant inflammation, p52 overexpression caused increased lung inflammation, injury, and mortality following intratracheal delivery of Escherichia coli LPS. No differences in cytokine/chemokine expression were measured between p52-overexpressing mice and controls, but increased apoptosis of Clara cell secretory protein-positive airway epithelial cells was observed in transgenic mice after LPS stimulation. In vitro studies in lung epithelial cells showed that p52 overexpression reduced cell survival and increased the expression of several proapoptotic genes during cellular stress. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a novel role for p52 in cell survival/apoptosis of airway epithelial cells and implicate noncanonical NF-κB signaling in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dong-Sheng Cheng
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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17
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Barham W, Chen L, Tikhomirov O, Onishko H, Gleaves L, Stricker TP, Blackwell TS, Yull FE. Aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling in mammary epithelium leads to abnormal growth and ductal carcinoma in situ. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:647. [PMID: 26424146 PMCID: PMC4590702 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 1 in 5 women diagnosed with breast cancer are considered to have in situ disease, most often termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Though recognized as a risk factor for the development of more invasive cancer, it remains unclear what factors contribute to DCIS development. It has been shown that inflammation contributes to the progression of a variety of tumor types, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is recognized as a master-regulator of inflammatory signaling. However, the contributions of NF-κB signaling to tumor initiation are less well understood. Aberrant up-regulation of NF-κB activity, either systemically or locally within the breast, could occur due to a variety of commonly experienced stimuli such as acute infection, obesity, or psychological stress. In this study, we seek to determine if activation of NF-κB in mammary epithelium could play a role in the formation of hyperplastic ductal lesions. METHODS Our studies utilize a doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model in which constitutively active IKKβ is expressed specifically in mammary epithelium. All previously published models of NF-κB modulation in the virgin mammary gland have been constitutive models, with transgene or knock-out present throughout the life and development of the animal. For the first time, we will induce activation at later time points after normal ducts have formed, thus being able to determine if NF-κB activation can promote pre-malignant changes in previously normal mammary epithelium. RESULTS We found that even a short pulse of NF-κB activation could induce profound remodeling of mammary ductal structures. Short-term activation created hyperproliferative, enlarged ducts with filled lumens. Increased expression of inflammatory markers was concurrent with the down-regulation of hormone receptors and markers of epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, the oncoprotein mucin 1, known to be up-regulated in human and mouse DCIS, was over-expressed and mislocalized in the activated ductal tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that aberrant NF-κB activation within mammary epithelium can lead to molecular and morphological changes consistent with the earliest stages of breast cancer. Thus, inhibition of NF-κB signaling following acute inflammation or the initial signs of hyperplastic ductal growth could represent an important opportunity for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Lianyi Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Oleg Tikhomirov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Halina Onishko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Linda Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Thomas P Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 23rd Ave S and Pierce PRB 325, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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18
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Song ZB, Ni JS, Wu P, Bao YL, Liu T, Li M, Fan C, Zhang WJ, Sun LG, Huang YX, Li YX. Testes-specific protease 50 promotes cell invasion and metastasis by increasing NF-kappaB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1703. [PMID: 25811800 PMCID: PMC4385939 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality in breast cancer is often associated with metastatic progression in patients. Previously we have demonstrated that testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50), an oncogene overexpressed in breast cancer samples, could promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, whether TSP50 also has a key role in cell invasion and cancer metastasis, and the mechanism underlying the process are still unclear. Here we found that TSP50 overexpression greatly promoted cell migration, invasion, adhesion and formation of the stellate structures in 3D culture system in vitro as well as lung metastasis in vivo. Conversely, TSP50 knockdown caused the opposite changes. Mechanistic studies revealed that NF-κB signaling pathway was required for TSP50-induced cell migration and metastasis, and further results indicated that TSP50 overexpression enhanced expression and secretion of MMP9, a target gene of NF-κB signaling. In addition, knockdown of MMP9 resulted in inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Most importantly, immunohistochemical staining of human breast cancer samples strongly showed that the coexpression of TSP50 and p65 as well as TSP50 and MMP9 were correlated with increased metastasis and poor survival. Furthermore, we found that some breast cancer diagnosis-associated features such as tumor size, tumor grade, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) levels, were correlated well with TSP50/p65 and TSP50/MMP9 expression status. Taken together, this work identified the TSP50 activation of MMP9 as a novel signaling mechanism underlying human breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Song
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - J-S Ni
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - P Wu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y L Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - T Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - C Fan
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - W J Zhang
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - L G Sun
- 1] National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y X Huang
- 1] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Y X Li
- 1] Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China [2] Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Buckman LB, Thompson MM, Lippert RN, Blackwell TS, Yull FE, Ellacott KLJ. Evidence for a novel functional role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat diet intake in mice. Mol Metab 2014; 4:58-63. [PMID: 25685690 PMCID: PMC4314532 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Introduction of a high-fat diet to mice results in a period of voracious feeding, known as hyperphagia, before homeostatic mechanisms prevail to restore energy intake to an isocaloric level. Acute high-fat diet hyperphagia induces astrocyte activation in the rodent hypothalamus, suggesting a potential role of these cells in the homeostatic response to the diet. The objective of this study was to determine physiologic role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat feeding. Methods We bred a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible inhibition of NFkappaB (NFκB) signaling in astrocytes to determine the effect of loss of NFκB-mediated astrocyte activation on acute high-fat hyperphagia. ELISA was used to measure the levels of markers of astrocyte activation, glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B, in the medial basal hypothalamus. Results Inhibition of NFκB signaling in astrocytes prevented acute high-fat diet-induced astrocyte activation and resulted in a 15% increase in caloric intake (P < 0.01) in the first 24 h after introduction of the diet. Conclusions These data reveal a novel homeostatic role for astrocytes in the acute physiologic regulation of food intake in response to high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Buckman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Misty M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel N Lippert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave. South, Suite T-1217 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 691 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 702 Light Hall, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Cui Y, Nadiminty N, Liu C, Lou W, Schwartz CT, Gao AC. Upregulation of glucose metabolism by NF-κB2/p52 mediates enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:435-42. [PMID: 24659479 PMCID: PMC4021715 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to facilitate fast proliferation. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of NF-κB2/p52 (p52) in prostate cancer cells promotes cell growth and leads to castration resistance through aberrant activation of androgen receptor (AR). In addition, these cells become resistant to enzalutamide. In this study, we investigated the effects of p52 activation on glucose metabolism and on response to enzalutamide therapy. Data analysis of gene expression arrays showed that genes including GLUT1 (SLC2A1), PKM2, G6PD, and ME1 involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism were altered in LNCaP cells overexpressing p52 compared with the parental LNCaP cells. We demonstrated an increased amount of glucose flux in the glycolysis pathway, as well as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) upon p52 activation. The p52-overexpressing cells increase glucose uptake and are capable of higher ATP and lactate production compared with the parental LNCaP cells. The growth of p52-overexpressing cells depends on glucose in the culture media and is sensitive to glucose deprivation compared with the parental LNCaP cells. Targeting glucose metabolism by the glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose synergistically inhibits cell growth when combined with enzalutamide, and resensitizes p52-overexpressing cells to enzalutamide treatment. These results suggest that p52 modulates glucose metabolism, enhances glucose flux to glycolysis and PPPs, thus facilitating fast proliferation of the cells. Co-targeting glucose metabolism together with AR axis synergistically inhibits cell growth and restores enzalutamide-resistant cells to enzalutamide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Urology University of California Davis Medical Center 4645 2 Ave, Research III, Suite 1300 Sacramento, CA 95817
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21
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Uno M, Saitoh Y, Mochida K, Tsuruyama E, Kiyono T, Imoto I, Inazawa J, Yuasa Y, Kubota T, Yamaoka S. NF-κB inducing kinase, a central signaling component of the non-canonical pathway of NF-κB, contributes to ovarian cancer progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88347. [PMID: 24533079 PMCID: PMC3922808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of female death and the development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently required. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is constitutively activated in several types of cancer including ovarian cancer and is known to support the survival of cancer cells. However, molecular mechanisms of persistent activation of NF-κB in ovarian cancer remain largely unknown. We report here that, in addition to the previously reported canonical activation, NF-κB is activated through the noncanonical pathway in ovarian cancer cells. RNA interference-mediated silencing of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), a central regulator of the noncanonical pathway, reduced the NF-κB2/p52 DNA binding activity and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression as well as NF-κB target gene expression. Notably, anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth was impaired in NIK-depleted cells. Depletion of NIK also suppressed tumor formation in the nude mouse xenograft assay. These results indicate that NIK plays a key role in constitutive NF-κB activation and the progression of ovarian cancer cells and suggest that NIK represents an attractive therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Uno
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Saitoh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Mochida
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Tsuruyama
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kubota
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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He W, Zhang M, Zhao M, Davis LS, Blackwell TS, Yull F, Breyer MD, Hao CM. Increased dietary sodium induces COX2 expression by activating NFκB in renal medullary interstitial cells. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:357-367. [PMID: 23900806 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
High salt diet induces renal medullary cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. Selective blockade of renal medullary COX2 activity in rats causes salt-sensitive hypertension, suggesting a role for renal medullary COX2 in maintaining systemic sodium balance. The present study characterized the cellular location of COX2 induction in the kidney of mice following high salt diet and examined the role of NFκB in mediating this COX2 induction in response to increased dietary salt. High salt diet (8 % NaCl) for 3 days markedly increased renal medullary COX2 expression in C57Bl/6 J mice. Co-immunofluorescence using a COX2 antibody and antibodies against aquaporin-2, ClC-K, aquaporin-1, and CD31 showed that high salt diet-induced COX2 was selectively expressed in renal medullary interstitial cells. By using NFκB reporter transgenic mice, we observed a sevenfold increase of luciferase activity in the renal medulla of the NFκB-luciferase reporter mice following high salt diet, and a robust induction of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression mainly in renal medullary interstitial cells of the NFκB-EGFP reporter mice following high salt diet. Treating high salt diet-fed C57Bl/6 J mice with selective IκB kinase inhibitor IMD-0354 (8 mg/kg bw) substantially suppressed COX2 induction in renal medulla, and also significantly reduced urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These data therefore suggest that renal medullary interstitial cell NFκB plays an important role in mediating renal medullary COX2 expression and promoting renal PGE2 synthesis in response to increased dietary sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Veteran Affair Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Veteran Affair Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Linda S Davis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Veteran Affair Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Fiona Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Matthew D Breyer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, USA
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Veteran Affair Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Arora H, Qureshi R, Park WY. miR-506 regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64273. [PMID: 23717581 PMCID: PMC3661463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important parameter related to breast cancer survival. Among several microRNAs predicted to target EMT-related genes, miR-506 is a novel miRNA found to be significantly related to breast cancer patient survival in a meta-analysis. miR-506 suppressed the expression of mesenchymal genes such as Vimentin, Snai2, and CD151 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Moreover, NF-κB bound to the upstream promoter region of miR-506 to suppress transcription. Overexpression of miR-506 inhibited TGFβ-induced EMT and suppressed adhesion, invasion, and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. From these results, we concluded that miR-506 plays a key role in the process of EMT through posttranslational control of EMT-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Arora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rehana Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Bonafè M, Storci G, Franceschi C. Inflamm-aging of the stem cell niche: breast cancer as a paradigmatic example: breakdown of the multi-shell cytokine network fuels cancer in aged people. Bioessays 2011; 34:40-9. [PMID: 22086861 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflamm-aging is a relatively new terminology used to describe the age-related increase in the systemic pro-inflammatory status of humans. Here, we represent inflamm-aging as a breakdown in the multi-shell cytokine network, in which stem cells and stromal fibroblasts (referred to as the stem cell niche) become pro-inflammatory cytokine over-expressing cells due to the accumulation of DNA damage. Inflamm-aging self-propagates owing to the capability of pro-inflammatory cytokines to ignite the DNA-damage response in other cells surrounding DNA-damaged cells. Macrophages, the major cellular player in inflamm-aging, amplify the phenomenon, by broadcasting pro-inflammatory signals at both local and systemic levels. On the basis of this, we propose that inflamm-aging is a major contributor to the increase in cancer incidence and progression in aged people. Breast cancer will be presented as a paradigmatic example for this relationship.
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Zaynagetdinov R, Sherrill TP, Polosukhin VV, Han W, Ausborn JA, McLoed AG, McMahon FB, Gleaves LA, Degryse AL, Stathopoulos GT, Yull FE, Blackwell TS. A critical role for macrophages in promotion of urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5703-11. [PMID: 22048774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have established roles in tumor growth and metastasis, but information about their role in lung tumor promotion is limited. To assess the role of macrophages in lung tumorigenesis, we developed a method of minimally invasive, long-term macrophage depletion by repetitive intratracheal instillation of liposomal clodronate. Compared with controls treated with repetitive doses of PBS-containing liposomes, long-term macrophage depletion resulted in a marked reduction in tumor number and size at 4 mo after a single i.p. injection of the carcinogen urethane. After urethane treatment, lung macrophages developed increased M1 macrophage marker expression during the first 2-3 wk, followed by increased M2 marker expression by week 6. Using a strategy to reduce alveolar macrophages during tumor initiation and early promotion stages (weeks 1-2) or during late promotion and progression stages (weeks 4-16), we found significantly fewer and smaller lung tumors in both groups compared with controls. Late-stage macrophage depletion reduced VEGF expression and impaired vascular growth in tumors. In contrast, early-stage depletion of alveolar macrophages impaired urethane-induced NF-κB activation in the lungs and reduced the development of premalignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions at 6 wk after urethane injection. Together, these studies elucidate an important role for macrophages in lung tumor promotion and indicate that these cells have distinct roles during different stages of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Abstract
Self-renewing breast cancer stem cells are key actors in perpetuating tumour existence and in treatment resistance and relapse. The molecular pathways required for their maintenance are starting to be elucidated. Among them is the transcription factor NF-κB, which is known to play critical roles in cell survival, inflammation and immunity. Recent studies indicate that mammary epithelial NF-κB regulates the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells in a model of Her2-dependent tumourigenesis. We will describe here the NF-κB-activating pathways that are involved in this process and in which progenitor cells this transcription factor is actually activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shostak
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-Research), Unit of Medical Chemistry and GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liege, CHU, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Connelly L, Barham W, Onishko HM, Sherrill T, Chodosh LA, Blackwell TS, Yull FE. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity in mammary epithelium increases tumor latency and decreases tumor burden. Oncogene 2010; 30:1402-12. [PMID: 21076466 PMCID: PMC3063854 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is activated in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. However, it is unclear whether NF-κB activation is a consequence of tumor formation or a contributor to tumor development. We developed a doxycycline-inducible mouse model, termed DNMP, to inhibit NF-κB activity specifically within the mammary epithelium during tumor development in the polyoma middle T oncogene (PyVT) mouse mammary tumor model. DNMP females and PyVT littermate controls were treated with doxycycline from 4 to 12 weeks of age. We observed an increase in tumor latency and a decrease in final tumor burden in DNMP mice compared to PyVT controls. A similar effect with treatment from 8 to 12 weeks indicates that outcome is independent of effects on postnatal virgin ductal development. In both cases, DNMP mice were less likely to develop lung metastases than controls. Treatment from 8 to 9 weeks was sufficient to impact primary tumor formation. Inhibition of NF-κB increases apoptosis in hyperplastic stages of tumor development and decreases proliferation at least in part by reducing CyclinD1 expression. To test the therapeutic potential of NF-κB inhibition, we generated palpable tumors by orthotopic injection of PyVT cells and then treated systemically with the NF-κB inhibitor thymoquinone (TQ). TQ treatment resulted in a reduction in tumor volume and weight as compared to vehicle-treated control. This data indicates that epithelial NF-κB is an active contributor to tumor progression and demonstrates that inhibition of NF-κB could have a significant therapeutic impact even at later stages of mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Connelly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6838, USA
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Nadiminty N, Lou W, Sun M, Chen J, Yue J, Kung HJ, Evans CP, Zhou Q, Gao AC. Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor by NF-kappaB2/p52 in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3309-19. [PMID: 20388792 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer initiation and progression are uniquely dependent on the androgen receptor (AR). Even when the cancer progresses to a castration-resistant stage, AR signaling remains active via a variety of mechanisms. In the present study, we showed that NF-kappaB/p52 can activate the AR, resulting in increased transactivation of AR-responsive genes, such as PSA and NKX3.1, in a ligand-independent manner. NF-kappaB2/p52 enhances nuclear translocation and activation of AR by interacting with its NH(2)-terminal domain and enhances the recruitment of coactivators such as p300 to the promoters of AR-dependent genes. These results were confirmed in three different prostate cancer cell lines: LAPC-4 (wild-type AR), LNCaP (mutant AR), and C4-2 (castration resistant). Transfection of p52 into LAPC-4 and LNCaP cells (which express low levels of p52) showed increased activation of the endogenous AR. Downregulation of endogenous p52 in C4-2 cells resulted in abrogation of AR constitutive activation. Comparison of the relative effects of p52 and p65 (RelA) showed that p52, but not p65, could activate the AR. Collectively, these findings, together with previous reports that the levels of NF-kappaB2/p52 are elevated in prostate cancer cells and that active NF-kappaB2/p52 promotes prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, suggest that NF-kappaB2/p52 may play a critical role in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, and Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Nadiminty N, Dutt S, Tepper C, Gao AC. Microarray analysis reveals potential target genes of NF-kappaB2/p52 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2010; 70:276-87. [PMID: 19827050 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous studies showed that NF-kappaB2/p52 is involved in the castration-resistant growth of the androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The role of NF-kappaB2/p52 in lymphomagenesis has been studied extensively, but its target genes in other cancers remain unknown. In order to identify genes potentially regulated by p52 in prostate cancer cells, we performed a genome-wide microarray analysis of genes differentially up- or down-regulated by the overexpression of p52 by adenoviral-mediated gene delivery in LNCaP cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Total RNAs from vector control-infected and Adeno-p52-infected LNCaP cells were used to prepare cDNAs, which were hybridized to the Whole Genome Human 44k Microarray chips (Agilent Technologies). Data analysis was performed using GeneSpring and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Validation of microarray results was performed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Expression of approximately 130 genes was differentially upregulated by >5-fold, whereas approximately 60 genes were differentially downregulated by >2-fold in p52-expressing LNCaP cells. Pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes belong to functional categories like cell growth and proliferation, cellular movement, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cancer, cell cycle, etc., whereas the downregulated genes were represented by functional categories like cell movement, antigen presentation, and cell death. Six of the top upregulated genes including annexin A2, PLAU, RND3, Twist2, VEGFC, and CXCL1 were validated by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive analysis of genes potentially regulated by NF-kappaB2/p52 in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line and provides a rationale for the induction of castration-resistant growth by p52 in LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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Demethoxycurcumin suppresses migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 627:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Connelly L, Barham W, Pigg R, Saint-Jean L, Sherrill T, Cheng DS, Chodosh LA, Blackwell TS, Yull FE. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in mammary epithelium promotes milk loss during mammary development and infection. J Cell Physiol 2009; 222:73-81. [PMID: 19746431 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), which exhibits a regulated pattern of activity during murine mammary gland development, plays an important role during lactation and involution, when milk production ceases and the gland undergoes apoptosis and re-modeling. We generated a doxycycline inducible transgenic mouse model to activate NF-kappaB specifically in the mammary epithelium through expression of a constitutively active form of IKK2, the upstream kinase in the classical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. We found that activation of NF-kappaB during involution resulted in a more rapid reduction in milk levels and increased cleavage of caspase-3, an indicator of apoptosis. We also found that activation of NF-kappaB during lactation with no additional involution signals had a similar effect. The observation that NF-kappaB is a key regulator of milk production led us to investigate the role of NF-kappaB during mastitis, an infection of the mammary gland in which milk loss is observed. Mammary gland injection of E. coli LPS resulted in activation of NF-kappaB and milk loss during lactation. This milk loss was decreased by selective inhibition of NF-kappaB in mammary epithelium. Together, our data reveal that activation of NF-kappaB leads to milk clearance in the lactating mammary gland. Therefore, targeting of NF-kappaB signaling may prove therapeutic during mastitis in humans and could be beneficial for the dairy industry, where such infections have a major economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Connelly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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32
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Park SA, Na HK, Kim EH, Cha YN, Surh YJ. 4-Hydroxyestradiol Induces Anchorage-Independent Growth of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells via Activation of IκB Kinase: Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2416-24. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Nadiminty N, Chun JY, Lou W, Lin X, Gao AC. NF-kappaB2/p52 enhances androgen-independent growth of human LNCaP cells via protection from apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest induced by androgen-deprivation. Prostate 2008; 68:1725-33. [PMID: 18781579 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen-deprivation therapy only causes a temporary regression of prostate cancer, as all tumors will eventually progress to refractory to hormonal therapy after 1-3 years of treatment. The underlying mechanisms of prostate cancer androgen refractory progression are incompletely understood. In this study, we employed in vitro as well as in vivo models to examine the role of NF-kappaB2/p52 in prostate cancer growth and androgen independent progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of NF-kappaB2/p52 on cell growth, androgen responsiveness, cell cycle and apoptosis were examined in androgen sensitive LNCaP cells. The effect of NF-kappaB2/p52 on tumor growth was examined in intact and castrated male mice. RESULTS Overexpression of NF-kappaB2/p52 enhances androgen-sensitive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell growth and clonogenic ability in androgen-deprived condition in vitro. NF-kappaB2/p52 induced androgen-independent growth is through protecting LNCaP cells from apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest induced by androgen-deprivation. In addition, NF-kappaB2/p52 stimulates Cyclin D1 expression and knock down of Cyclin D1 expression by siRNA abolished NF-kappaB2/p52-induced cell growth in vitro. Adenoviral mediated NF-kappaB2/p52 expression in LNCaP cells enhances tumor growth in intact male nude mice and induces tumor growth in castrated male nude mice, suggesting that overexpression of NF-kappaB2/p52 induces androgen-independent growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of NF-kappaB2/p52 protects androgen sensitive LNCaP cells from apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest induced by androgen-deprivation. NF-kappaB2/p52 activation induces androgen-independent growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology and Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine at Davis, California 96817, USA
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35
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Min C, Eddy SF, Sherr DH, Sonenshein GE. NF-kappaB and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of cancer. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:733-44. [PMID: 18253935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During progression of an in situ to an invasive cancer, epithelial cells lose expression of proteins that promote cell-cell contact, and acquire mesenchymal markers, which promote cell migration and invasion. These events bear extensive similarities to the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been recognized for several decades as critical feature of embryogenesis. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors plays pivotal roles in both promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. After briefly describing the NF-kappaB family and its role in cancer, in this review we will first describe studies elucidating the functions of NF-kappaB in transcription of master regulator genes that repress an epithelial phenotype. In the second half, we discuss the roles of NF-kappaB in control of mesenchymal genes critical for promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. Overall, NF-kappaB is identified as a key target in prevention and in the treatment of invasive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2394, USA
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36
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IKK1 and IKK2 cooperate to maintain bile duct integrity in the liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9733-8. [PMID: 18606991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800198105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts is a common cause of vanishing bile duct syndrome and cholestasis, often progressing to biliary cirrhosis and liver failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of inflammatory biliary disease are poorly understood. Here, we show that the two IkappaB kinases, IKK1/IKKalpha and IKK2/IKKbeta, display distinct collaborative and specific functions that are essential to protect the liver from cytokine toxicity and bile duct disease. Combined conditional ablation of IKK1 and IKK2, but not of each kinase alone, sensitized the liver to in vivo LPS challenge, uncovering a redundant function of the two IkappaB kinases in mediating canonical NF-kappaB signaling in hepatocytes and protecting the liver from TNF-induced failure. Unexpectedly, mice with combined ablation of IKK1 and IKK2 or IKK1 and NEMO spontaneously developed severe jaundice and fatal cholangitis characterized by inflammatory destruction of small portal bile ducts. This bile duct disease was caused by the combined impairment of canonical NF-kappaB signaling together with inhibition of IKK1-specific functions affecting the bile-blood barrier. These results reveal a novel function of the two IkappaB kinases in cooperatively regulating liver immune homeostasis and bile duct integrity and suggest that IKK signaling may be implicated in human biliary diseases.
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Sandhu C, Hewel JA, Badis G, Talukder S, Liu J, Hughes TR, Emili A. Evaluation of Data-Dependent versus Targeted Shotgun Proteomic Approaches for Monitoring Transcription Factor Expression in Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1529-41. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700836q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Sandhu
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes A. Hewel
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gwenael Badis
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaheynoor Talukder
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Liu
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Program in Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gordon RR, Hunter KW, Sørensen P, Pomp D. Genotype X diet interactions in mice predisposed to mammary cancer. I. Body weight and fat. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:163-78. [PMID: 18286334 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
High dietary fat intake and obesity may increase susceptibility to certain forms of cancer. To study the interactions of dietary fat, obesity, and metastatic mammary cancer, we created a population of F(2) mice cosegregating obesity QTL and the MMTV-PyMT transgene. We fed the F(2) mice either a very-high-fat or a matched-control-fat diet and measured growth, body composition, age at mammary tumor onset, tumor number and severity, and formation of pulmonary metastases. SNP genotyping across the genome facilitated analyses of QTL and QTL x diet interaction effects. Here we describe development of the F(2) population (n = 615) which resulted from a cross between the polygenic obesity model M16i and FVB/NJ-TgN (MMTV-PyMT)(634Mul), effects of diet on growth and body composition, and QTL and QTL x diet and/or gender interaction effects for growth and obesity-related phenotypes. We identified 38 QTL for body composition traits that were significant at the genome-wide 0.05 level, likely representing nine distinct loci after accounting for pleiotropic effects. QTL x diet and/or gender interactions were present at 15 of these QTL, indicating that such interactions play a significant role in defining the genetic architecture of complex traits such as body weight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Gordon
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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39
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Epithelial NF-kappaB activation promotes urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:18514-9. [PMID: 18000061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705316104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to carcinogenesis in several organ systems. In the lungs, NF-kappaB, a central effector of inflammatory responses, is frequently activated in non-small-cell lung cancer, but its role in tumor promotion has not been studied. Several lines of evidence indicate that ethyl carbamate (urethane)-induced lung tumor formation, a prototypical mouse model of multistage lung carcinogenesis, is potentiated by inflammation. We found that mouse strains susceptible to lung tumor formation (FVB, BALB/c) exhibited early NF-kappaB activation and inflammation in the lungs after urethane treatment. However, a resistant strain (C57B6) failed to activate NF-kappaB or induce lung inflammation. In FVB mice, we identified urethane-induced NF-kappaB activation in airway epithelium, as well as type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Using an inducible transgenic mouse model (FVB strain) to express a dominant inhibitor of NF-kappaB specifically in airway epithelial cells, we found that urethane-induced lung inflammation was blocked and tumor formation was reduced by >50%. Selective NF-kappaB inhibition resulted in increased apoptosis of airway epithelial cells at 2 weeks after urethane treatment in association with a marked reduction of Bcl-2 expression. These studies indicate that NF-kappaB signaling in airway epithelium is integral to tumorigenesis in the urethane model and identify the NF-kappaB pathway as a potential target for chemoprevention of lung cancer.
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