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Klara J, Onak S, Kowalczyk A, Wójcik K, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J. Photocrosslinked gelatin/chondroitin sulfate/chitosan-based composites with tunable multifunctionality for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132675. [PMID: 38845259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Novel hydrogel-based multifunctional systems prepared utilizing photocrosslinking and freeze-drying processes (PhotoCross/Freeze-dried) dedicated for bone tissue regeneration are presented. Fabricated materials, composed of methacrylated gelatin, chitosan, and chondroitin sulfate, possess interesting features including bioactivity, biocompatibility, as well as antibacterial activity. Importantly, their degradation and swellability might be easily tuned by playing with the biopolymeric content in the photocrosllinked systems. To broaden the potential application and deliver the therapeutic features, mesoporous silica particles functionalized with methacrylate moieties decorated with hydroxyapatite and loaded with the antiosteoporotic drug, alendronate, (MSP-MA-HAp-ALN) were dispersed within the biopolymeric sol and photocrosslinked. It was demonstrated that the obtained composites are characterized by a significantly extended degradation time, ensuring optimal conditions for balancing hybrids removal with the deposition of fresh bone. We have shown that attachment of MSP-MA-HAp-ALN to the polymeric matrix minimizes the initial burst effect and provides a prolonged release of ALN (up to 22 days). Moreover, the biological evaluation in vitro suggested the capability of the resulted systems to promote bone remodeling. Developed materials might potentially serve as scaffolds that after implantation will fill up bone defects of various origin (osteoporosis, tumour resection, accidents) providing the favourable conditions for bone regeneration and supporting the infections' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klara
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Wójcik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Habuchi O. Functions of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate containing GalNAc4,6-disulfate. Glycobiology 2022; 32:664-678. [PMID: 35552694 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) containing GalNAc4,6-disulfate (GalNAc4S6S) were initially discovered in marine animals. Following the discovery, these glycosaminoglycans have been found in various animals including human. In the biosynthesis of CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S, three groups of sulfotransferases are involved; chondroitin 4-sulfotransferases (C4STs), dermatan 4-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST-1) and GalNAc 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST). GalNAc4S-6ST and its products have been shown to play important roles in the abnormal pathological conditions such as central nervous system injury, cancer development, abnormal tissue fibrosis, development of osteoporosis, and infection with viruses or nematodes. CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S has been shown to increase with the functional differentiation of mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Genetic approaches using knockout or knockdown of GalNAc4S-6ST, blocking of the epitopes containing GalNAc4S6S by specific antibodies and chemical technology that enabled the synthesis of oligosaccharides with defined sulfation patterns have been applied successfully to these investigations. These studies contributed significantly to the basic understanding of the functional roles of CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S in various abnormal conditions, and appear to provide promising clues to the development of possible measures to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osami Habuchi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Aichi University of Education, Igayacho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
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3
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Watanabe I. Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Chondroitin Sulfate E. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2120.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Watanabe I. Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Chondroitin Sulfate E. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2120.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Bülow HE. Imaging Glycosaminoglycan Modification Patterns In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:539-557. [PMID: 34626406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulfates (HS) or chondroitin sulfates (CS) are long unbranched polymers of a disaccharide comprised of hexuronic acid and hexosamine. Attached to a protein backbone via a characteristic tetrasaccharide, the GAG chains are non-uniformly modified by sulfations, epimerizations, and deacetylations. The resultant glycan chains contain highly modified domains, separated by sections of sparse or no modifications. These GAG domains are central to the role of glycans in binding to proteins and mediating protein-protein interactions. Since HS and CS domains are not genetically encoded, they cannot be visualized and studied with conventional methods in vivo. We describe a transgenic approach using single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies that bind HS or CS. By transgenically expressing fluorescently tagged scFv antibodies, we can directly visualize both HS and CS domains in live Caenorhabditis elegans revealing unprecedented cellular specificity and evolutionary conservation (Attreed et al., Nat Methods 9(5): 477-479, 2012; Attreed et al., Glycobiology 26(8): 862-870, 2016) (unpublished). The approach allows concomitant co-labeling of multiple GAG domains, the study of GAG dynamics, and could lend itself to a genetic analysis of GAG domain biosynthesis or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes E Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Peng C, Wang Q, Jiao R, Xu Y, Han N, Wang W, Zhu C, Li F. A novel chondroitin sulfate E from Dosidicus gigas cartilage and its antitumor metastatic activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117971. [PMID: 33838835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains containing GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit) have been shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, commercial E unit-rich CS (CS-E) is difficult to produce on a large scale due to expensive and limited squid cartilage resources. In this study, a novel CS-E (CS-nE) was isolated from the cheap and abundant cartilage of the giant squid Dosidicus gigas. The CS-nE has a surprisingly large molecular mass of 696 kDa and a relatively high E unit proportion (44.5 %). It can interact with various growth factors, including HGF, bFGF, pleiotrophin, and HB-EGF, with high affinity, and exhibits dose-dependent anti-metastatic activity. Furthermore, the E unit-rich decasaccharide selectively prepared from CS-nE has been shown to be the minimal functional domain with the strongest antitumor metastatic activity. Taken together, CS-nE will be a very promising candidate for the development of CS-E-based pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chune Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; Shandong Police College, Jinan, 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Wang W, Shi L, Qin Y, Li F. Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:560442. [PMID: 33425887 PMCID: PMC7793863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.560442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liran Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Mencio CP, Hussein RK, Yu P, Geller HM. The Role of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in Nervous System Development. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:61-80. [PMID: 32936033 PMCID: PMC7780190 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420959147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The orderly development of the nervous system is characterized by phases of cell proliferation and differentiation, neural migration, axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, and stabilization. Each of these processes is a result of the modulation of genetic programs by extracellular cues. In particular, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) have been found to be involved in almost every aspect of this well-orchestrated yet delicate process. The evidence of their involvement is complex, often contradictory, and lacking in mechanistic clarity; however, it remains obvious that CSPGs are key cogs in building a functional brain. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of CSPGs in each of the major stages of neural development with emphasis on areas requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P Mencio
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rowan K Hussein
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herbert M Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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He C, Zhao L, Xiao L, Xu K, Ding J, Zhou H, Zheng Y, Han C, Akinyemi F, Luo H, Yang L, Luo L, Yuan H, Lu X, Meng H. Chromosome level assembly reveals a unique immune gene organization and signatures of evolution in the common pheasant. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:897-911. [PMID: 33188724 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The common pheasant Phasianus colchicus, belonging to the order Galliformes and family Phasianidae, is the most widespread species. Despite a long history of captivity, the domestication of this bird is still at a preliminary stage. Recently, the demand for accelerating its transformation to poultry for meat and egg production has been increasing. In this study, we assembled high quality, chromosome scale genome of the common pheasant by using PacBio long reads, next-generation short reads, and Hi-C technology. The primary assembly has contig N50 size of 1.33 Mb and scaffold N50 size of 59.46 Mb, with a total size of 0.99 Gb, resolving most macrochromosomes into single scaffolds. A total of 23,058 genes and 10.71 Mb interspersed repeats were identified, constituting 30.31% and 10.71% of the common pheasant genome, respectively. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the common pheasant shared common ancestors with turkey about 24.7-34.5 million years ago (Ma). Rapidly evolved gene families, as well as branch-specific positively selected genes, indicate that calcium-related genes are potentially related to the adaptive and evolutionary change of the common pheasant. Interestingly, we found that the common pheasant has a unique major histocompatibility complex B locus (MHC-B) structure: three major inversions occurred in the sequence compared with chicken MHC-B. Furthermore, we detected signals of selection in five breeds of domestic common pheasant, several of which are production-oriented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Zhao
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fisayo Akinyemi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixi Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Shanghai Xinhao Rare Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Lu
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Idini M, Wieringa P, Rocchiccioli S, Nieddu G, Ucciferri N, Formato M, Lepedda A, Moroni L. Glycosaminoglycan functionalization of electrospun scaffolds enhances Schwann cell activity. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:188-202. [PMID: 31265920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have a remarkable ability to regenerate up to an almost complete recovery of normal function following a crush or a Sunderland Type II injury. This process is governed by glial cells, known as Schwann cells, through their unique capacity to dedifferentiate into cells that drive the healing process. Despite that many progresses have occurred in restorative medicine and microsurgery, the regenerative process after a severe lesion of a major nerve trunk (e.g., Sunderland Types III-V) is often incomplete and functional recovery is unsatisfactory. In this aspect, it is known that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the extracellular matrix are involved in proliferation, synaptogenesis, neural plasticity, and regeneration of the PNS. Here, we developed poly(caprolactone) (PCL) fibrous scaffolds functionalized with GAGs, which allowed us to assess their influence on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of Schwann cells. We found that both aligned and random fiber scaffolds functionalized with GAGs resulted in increased cell proliferation on day 1. In addition, aligned functionalized scaffolds also resulted in increased GAG presence on day 1, probably because of cell extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and an increased syndecan-4 expression on day 7. A different modification and activation of Schwann cells in the presence of GAG versus no-GAG scaffolds was underlined by proteomic comparative analysis, where a general downregulation of the expression of intracellular/structural and synthetic proteins was shown on day 7 for GAG-functionalized scaffolds with regard to the nonfunctionalized ones. In conclusion, we have shown that GAG-functionalized scaffolds are effective in modulating Schwann cell behavior in terms of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and should be considered in strategies to improve PNS repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nerve fibers functional recovery following a severe trauma of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) still represents a huge challenge for neurosurgery nowadays. In this respect, tissue engineering is committed to develop new constructs able to guide Schwann cells by mimicking the natural extracellular matrix environment. To this purpose, we successfully fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with two well-defined fiber deposition patterns, functionalized with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and assessed for their potential as support for Schwann cells adhesion, growth and differentiation, by both classical biochemistry and LC-MS-based proteomic profiling. By this way, we showed that PCL-GAGs scaffolds could represent a promising artificial substrate that closely mimics the recently established pattern of Schwann cells migration into the regenerating nerve and, therefore, it should be considered in strategies to improve PNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Idini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Ucciferri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marilena Formato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lepedda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Chemical synthesis of 4-azido-β-galactosamine derivatives for inhibitors of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:477-491. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Peng C, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang W, Jiao R, Han W, Li F. A chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid lyase with poor activity to glucuronyl 4,6- O-disulfated N-acetylgalactosamine (E-type)-containing structures. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4230-4243. [PMID: 29414785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit)-rich domains have been shown to play key roles in various biological functions of chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, an enzyme that can specifically isolate such domains through the selective digestion of other domains in polysaccharides has not yet been reported. Here, we identified a glycosaminoglycan lyase from a marine bacterium Vibrio sp. FC509. This enzyme efficiently degraded hyaluronic acid (HA) and CS variants, but not E unit-rich CS-E, into unsaturated disaccharides; therefore, we designated this enzyme a CS-E-resisted HA/CS lyase (HCLase Er). We isolated a series of resistant oligosaccharides from the final product of a low-sulfated CS-E exhaustively digested by HCLase Er and found that the E units were dramatically accumulate in these resistant oligosaccharides. By determining the structures of several resistant tetrasaccharides, we observed that all of them possessed a Δ4,5HexUAα1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) at their non-reducing ends, indicating that the disulfation of GalNAc abrogates HCLase Er activity on the β1-4 linkage between the E unit and the following disaccharide. Δ4,5HexUAα1-3GalNAc(4S,6S)β1-4GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) was most strongly resistant to HCLase Er. To our knowledge, this study is the first reporting a glycosaminoglycan lyase specifically inhibited by both 4-O- and 6-O-sulfation of GalNAc. Site-directed and truncation mutagenesis experiments indicated that HCLase Er may use a general acid-base catalysis mechanism and that an extra domain (Gly739-Gln796) is critical for its activity. This enzyme will be a useful tool for structural analyses and for preparing bioactive oligosaccharides of HA and CS variants, particularly from E unit-rich CS chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chune Peng
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Matho MH, Schlossman A, Gilchuk IM, Miller G, Mikulski Z, Hupfer M, Wang J, Bitra A, Meng X, Xiang Y, Kaever T, Doukov T, Ley K, Crotty S, Peters B, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Crowe JE, Zajonc DM. Structure-function characterization of three human antibodies targeting the vaccinia virus adhesion molecule D8. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:390-401. [PMID: 29123031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) envelope protein D8 is one of three glycosaminoglycan adhesion molecules and binds to the linear polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate (CS). D8 is also a target for neutralizing antibody responses that are elicited by the smallpox vaccine, which has enabled the first eradication of a human viral pathogen and is a useful model for studying antibody responses. However, to date, VACV epitopes targeted by human antibodies have not been characterized at atomic resolution. Here, we characterized the binding properties of several human anti-D8 antibodies and determined the crystal structures of three VACV-mAb variants, VACV-66, VACV-138, and VACV-304, separately bound to D8. Although all these antibodies bound D8 with high affinity and were moderately neutralizing in the presence of complement, VACV-138 and VACV-304 also fully blocked D8 binding to CS-A, the low affinity ligand for D8. VACV-138 also abrogated D8 binding to the high-affinity ligand CS-E, but we observed residual CS-E binding was observed in the presence of VACV-304. Analysis of the VACV-138- and VACV-304-binding sites along the CS-binding crevice of D8, combined with different efficiencies of blocking D8 adhesion to CS-A and CS-E allowed us to propose that D8 has a high- and low-affinity CS-binding region within its central crevice. The crevice is amenable to protein engineering to further enhance both specificity and affinity of binding to CS-E. Finally, a wild-type D8 tetramer specifically bound to structures within the developing glomeruli of the kidney, which express CS-E. We propose that through structure-based protein engineering, an improved D8 tetramer could be used as a potential diagnostic tool to detect expression of CS-E, which is a possible biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iuliia M Gilchuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Greg Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Aruna Bitra
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Tom Kaever
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Saied-Santiago K, Bülow HE. Diverse roles for glycosaminoglycans in neural patterning. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:54-74. [PMID: 28736980 PMCID: PMC5866094 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system coordinates the functions of most multicellular organisms and their response to the surrounding environment. Its development involves concerted cellular interactions, including migration, axon guidance, and synapse formation. These processes depend on the molecular constituents and structure of the extracellular matrices (ECM). An essential component of ECMs are proteoglycans, i.e., proteins containing unbranched glycan chains known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). A defining characteristic of GAGs is their enormous molecular diversity, created by extensive modifications of the glycans during their biosynthesis. GAGs are widely expressed, and their loss can lead to catastrophic neuronal defects. Despite their importance, we are just beginning to understand the function and mechanisms of GAGs in neuronal development. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting GAGs have specific roles in neuronal patterning and synaptogenesis. We examine the function played by the complex modifications present on GAG glycans and their roles in regulating different aspects of neuronal patterning. Moreover, the review considers the function of proteoglycan core proteins in these processes, stressing their likely role as co-receptors of different signaling pathways in a redundant and context-dependent manner. We conclude by discussing challenges and future directions toward a better understanding of these fascinating molecules during neuronal development. Developmental Dynamics 247:54-74, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannes E. Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461
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15
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Ju C, Gao J, Hou L, Wang L, Zhang F, Sun F, Zhang T, Xu P, Shi Z, Hu F, Zhang C. Neuroprotective effect of chondroitin sulfate on SH‑SY5Y cells overexpressing wild‑type or A53T mutant α‑synuclein. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8721-8728. [PMID: 28990084 PMCID: PMC5779948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of α-synuclein (α-SYN) is a common pathology for Parkinson's disease (PD). There is abundant evidence that the toxic-gain-of-function of α-SYN's is associated with aggregation and consequent effects. To assess the potential of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in this regard, the present study investigated its neuroprotective on SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type (WT) or A53T mutant α-SYN. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of total α-SYN, phosphorylated Ser129 α-SYN, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) were analyzed by western blotting. It was observed that CS reduced the expression levels of total α-SYN and phosphorylated Ser129 α-SYN, prevented cell loss and inhibited apoptosis. The subsequent mechanism study indicated that CS inhibited ROS overproduction. CS also significantly attenuated WT and A53T mutant α-SYN-induced dysfunction, including decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease of Bcl-2 expression, and increase of Bax expression, release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, which demonstrated that CS suppressed α-SYN-induced apoptosis possibly through mitochondria protection. These results suggested that CS protects SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing WT or A53T mutant α-SYN by inhibiting the expression and phosphorylation of α-SYN, and ROS overproduction and mitochondrial apoptosis. These results implicate CS as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxia Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Sun
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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Kempf A, Boda E, Kwok JC, Fritz R, Grande V, Kaelin AM, Ristic Z, Schmandke A, Schmandke A, Tews B, Fawcett JW, Pertz O, Buffo A, Schwab ME. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction. Dev Cell 2017; 43:24-34.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lei J, Yuan Y, Lyu Z, Wang M, Liu Q, Wang H, Yuan L, Chen H. Deciphering the Role of Sulfonated Unit in Heparin-Mimicking Polymer to Promote Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28209-28221. [PMID: 28783314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), especially heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), hold great potential for inducing the neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have brought new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. However, the disadvantages of natural heparin/HS, such as difficulty in isolating them with a sufficient amount, highly heterogeneous structure, and the risk of immune responses, have limited their further therapeutic applications. Thus, there is a great demand for stable, controllable, and well-defined synthetic alternatives of heparin/HS with more effective biological functions. In this study, based upon a previously proposed unit-recombination strategy, several heparin-mimicking polymers were synthesized by integrating glucosamine-like 2-methacrylamido glucopyranose monomers (MAG) with three sulfonated units in different structural forms, and their effects on cell proliferation, the pluripotency, and the differentiation of ESCs were carefully studied. The results showed that all the copolymers had good cytocompatibility and displayed much better bioactivity in promoting the neural differentiation of ESCs as compared to natural heparin; copolymers with different sulfonated units exhibited different levels of promoting ability; among them, copolymer with 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA) as a sulfonated unit was the most potent in promoting the neural differentiation of ESCs; the promoting effect is dependent on the molecular weight and concentration of P(MAG-co-SPA), with the highest levels occurring at the intermediate molecular weight and concentration. These results clearly demonstrated that the sulfonated unit in the copolymers played an important role in determining the promoting effect on ESCs' neural differentiation; SPA was identified as the most potent sulfonated unit for copolymer with the strongest promoting ability. The possible reason for sulfonated unit structure as a vital factor influencing the ability of the copolymers may be attributed to the difference in electrostatic and steric hindrance effect. The synthetic heparin-mimicking polymers obtained here can offer an effective alternative to heparin/HS and have great therapeutic potential for nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lei
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Lyu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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18
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Miyata S, Kitagawa H. Formation and remodeling of the brain extracellular matrix in neural plasticity: Roles of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017. [PMID: 28625420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is rich in glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan. These glycosaminoglycans are organized into either diffuse or condensed ECM. Diffuse ECM is distributed throughout the brain and fills perisynaptic spaces, whereas condensed ECM selectively surrounds parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV cells) in mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The brain ECM acts as a non-specific physical barrier that modulates neural plasticity and axon regeneration. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review recent progress in understanding of the molecular basis of organization and remodeling of the brain ECM, and the involvement of several types of experience-dependent neural plasticity, with a particular focus on the mechanism that regulates PV cell function through specific interactions between CS chains and their binding partners. We also discuss how the barrier function of the brain ECM restricts dendritic spine dynamics and limits axon regeneration after injury. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The brain ECM not only forms physical barriers that modulate neural plasticity and axon regeneration, but also forms molecular brakes that actively controls maturation of PV cells and synapse plasticity in which sulfation patterns of CS chains play a key role. Structural remodeling of the brain ECM modulates neural function during development and pathogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Genetic or enzymatic manipulation of the brain ECM may restore neural plasticity and enhance recovery from nerve injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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19
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Kingma SDK, Wagemans T, IJlst L, Bronckers ALJJ, van Kuppevelt TH, Everts V, Wijburg FA, van Vlies N. Altered interaction and distribution of glycosaminoglycans and growth factors in mucopolysaccharidosis type I bone disease. Bone 2016; 88:92-100. [PMID: 27105565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) comprise a group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by deficient degradation and subsequent accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Progressive bone and joint disease are a major cause of morbidity, and current therapeutic strategies have limited effect on these symptoms. By elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone disease, new therapeutic targets may be identified. Longitudinal growth is regulated by interaction between GAGs and growth factors. Because GAGs accumulate in the MPSs, we hypothesized that altered interaction between growth factors and GAGs contribute to the pathogenesis of MPS bone disease. In this study, binding between GAGs from MPS I chondrocytes and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was not significantly different from binding of FGF2 to GAGs from control chondrocytes. FGF2 signaling, however, was increased in MPS I chondrocytes after incubation with FGF2, as compared to control chondrocytes. Using bone cultures, we demonstrated decreased growth of WT mouse bones after incubation with FGF2, but no effect on MPS I bone growth. However, MPS I bones showed decreased growth in the presence of GAGs from MPS I chondrocytes. Finally, we demonstrate altered GAG distribution in MPS I chondrocytes, and altered GAG, FGF2 and Indian hedgehog distribution in growth plates from MPS I mice. In summary, our results suggest that altered interaction and distribution of growth factors and accumulated GAGs may contribute to the pathogenesis of MPS bone disease. In the future, targeting growth factor regulation or the interaction between in growth factors and GAGs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for MPS bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D K Kingma
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Wagemans
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonius L J J Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Toin H. van Kuppevelt: Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Centre "Sphinx", Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Miller GM, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Sugar-dependent modulation of neuronal development, regeneration, and plasticity by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:115-25. [PMID: 26315937 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play important roles in the developing and mature nervous system, where they guide axons, maintain stable connections, restrict synaptic plasticity, and prevent axon regeneration following CNS injury. The chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS GAG) chains that decorate CSPGs are essential for their functions. Through these sugar chains, CSPGs are able to bind and regulate the activity of a diverse range of proteins. CSPGs have been found both to promote and inhibit neuronal growth. They can promote neurite outgrowth by binding to various growth factors such as midkine (MK), pleiotrophin (PTN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophin family members. CSPGs can also inhibit neuronal growth and limit plasticity by interacting with transmembrane receptors such as protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, and the Nogo receptors 1 and 3 (NgR1 and NgR3). These CS-protein interactions depend on specific sulfation patterns within the CS GAG chains, and accordingly, particular CS sulfation motifs are upregulated during development, in the mature nervous system, and in response to CNS injury. Thus, spatiotemporal regulation of CS GAG biosynthesis may provide an important mechanism to control the functions of CSPGs and to modulate intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we will discuss these sulfation-dependent processes and highlight how the CS sugars on CSPGs contribute to neuronal growth, axon guidance, and plasticity in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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21
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Robu AC, Popescu L, Munteanu CVA, Seidler DG, Zamfir AD. Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. Anal Biochem 2015; 485:122-31. [PMID: 26123275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. Previous reports revealed that GAG composition could be responsible for CS/DS activities in brain. In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues was assessed comparatively. The analyses indicated an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs. The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Robu
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, RO-300224 Timisoara, Romania; Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Popescu
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, RO-300224 Timisoara, Romania; Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela G Seidler
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-49149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, RO-300224 Timisoara, Romania; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, RO-310130 Arad, Romania.
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22
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Ju C, Hou L, Sun F, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Gao H, Wang L, Wang D, Lv Y, Zhao X. Anti-oxidation and Antiapoptotic Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Injury Through the Up-Regulation of Nrf2 and Inhibition of Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1509-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Rowlands D, Sugahara K, Kwok JCF. Glycosaminoglycans and glycomimetics in the central nervous system. Molecules 2015; 20:3527-48. [PMID: 25706756 PMCID: PMC6272379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in the construction of synthetic glycans, selective targeting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potential treatment for a wide range of diseases has become increasingly popular. The use of compounds that mimic the structure or bioactive function of carbohydrate structures has been termed glycomimetics. These compounds are mostly synthetic glycans or glycan-binding constructs which manipulate cellular interactions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of the ECM and exist as a diverse array of differentially sulphated disaccharide units. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are expressed by both neurons and glia and are crucial for brain development and brain homeostasis. The inherent diversity of GAGs make them an essential biological tool for regulating a complex range of cellular processes such as plasticity, cell interactions and inflammation. They are also involved in the pathologies of various neurological disorders, such as glial scar formation and psychiatric illnesses. It is this diversity of functions and potential for selective interventions which makes GAGs a tempting target. In this review, we shall describe the molecular make-up of GAGs and their incorporation into the ECM of the CNS. We shall highlight the different glycomimetic strategies that are currently being used in the nervous system. Finally, we shall discuss some possible targets in neurological disorders that may be addressed using glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáire Rowlands
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics Research Group, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
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24
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Novel chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharide motifs as biomarkers: insights into their involvement in brain development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:165-83. [PMID: 25408343 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Murine anti-vaccinia virus D8 antibodies target different epitopes and differ in their ability to block D8 binding to CS-E. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004495. [PMID: 25474621 PMCID: PMC4256255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The IMV envelope protein D8 is an adhesion molecule and a major immunodominant antigen of vaccinia virus (VACV). Here we identified the optimal D8 ligand to be chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E). CS-E is characterized by a disaccharide moiety with two sulfated hydroxyl groups at positions 4′ and 6′ of GalNAc. To study the role of antibodies in preventing D8 adhesion to CS-E, we have used a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies, and tested their ability to compete with CS-E for D8 binding. Among four antibody specificity groups, MAbs of one group (group IV) fully abrogated CS-E binding, while MAbs of a second group (group III) displayed widely varying levels of CS-E blocking. Using EM, we identified the binding site for each antibody specificity group on D8. Recombinant D8 forms a hexameric arrangement, mediated by self-association of a small C-terminal domain of D8. We propose a model in which D8 oligomerization on the IMV would allow VACV to adhere to heterogeneous population of CS, including CS-C and potentially CS-A, while overall increasing binding efficiency to CS-E. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an orthopox virus and considered the gold standard of vaccines as it was used to eradicate smallpox from the human population. Inoculation with VACV leads to a strong B cell immune response and the production of potent antibodies that simultaneously target several envelope proteins of the virus. Among those viral proteins, D8 is an adhesion molecule that binds chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan, on the host cell surface. Here, we identified chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E), as the preferred ligand for D8 and assessed the role of a panel of anti-D8 antibodies in preventing D8 binding to CS-E. We further mapped the binding site of each antibody on the D8 surface to reveal the targeted epitopes. Finally, using several truncated D8 constructs, we identified that the C-terminal domain of D8 that is not involved in CS-E binding is in fact involved in oligomerization of native D8 in vitro and likely, also on the virion, as a means of increasing binding affinity to increase viral adhesion to CS on the host cell.
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Iida J, Dorchak J, Clancy R, Slavik J, Ellsworth R, Katagiri Y, Pugacheva EN, van Kuppevelt TH, Mural RJ, Cutler ML, Shriver CD. Role for chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan in NEDD9-mediated breast cancer cell growth. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:358-370. [PMID: 25445787 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are lines of evidence demonstrating that NEDD9 (Cas-L, HEF-1) plays a key role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. We previously reported that NEDD9 plays a critical role for promoting migration and growth of MDA-MB-231. In order to further characterize the mechanisms of NEDD9-mediated cancer migration and growth, stable cells overexpressing NEDD9 were generated using HCC38 as a parental cell line which expresses low level of endogenous NEDD9. Microarray studies demonstrated that core proteins of CD44 and Serglycin were markedly upregulated in HCC38(NEDD9) cells compared to HCC38(Vector) cells, while those of Syndecan-1, Syndecan-2, and Versican were downregulated in HCC38(NEDD9). Importantly, enzymes generating chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS) such as CHST11, CHST15, and CSGALNACT1 were upregulated in HCC38(NEDD9) compared to HCC38(Vector). Immunofluorescence studies using specific antibody, GD3G7, confirmed the enhanced expression of CS-E subunit in HCC38(NEDD9). Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis demonstrated that CS-E was attached to CD44 core protein. We demonstrated that removing CS by chondroitinase ABC significantly inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation of HCC38(NEDD9) in methylcellulose. Importantly, the fact that GD3G7 significantly inhibited colony formation of HCC38(NEDD9) cells suggests that CS-E subunit plays a key role in this process. Furthermore, treatment of HCC38(NEDD9) cells with chondroitinase ABC or GD3G7 significantly inhibited mammosphere formation. Exogenous addition of CS-E enhanced colony formation and mammosphere formation of HCC38 parental and HCC38(Vector) cells. These results suggest that NEDD9 regulates the synthesis and expression of tumor associated glycocalyx structures including CS-E, which plays a key role in promoting and regulating breast cancer progression and metastasis and possibly stem cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Iida
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA.
| | - Jesse Dorchak
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Rebecca Clancy
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Juliana Slavik
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Rachel Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Henry M, Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Developmental Neurobiology Section, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Mural
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Mary Lou Cutler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Department of Surgery, Walter-Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Troeberg L, Lazenbatt C, Anower-E-Khuda MF, Freeman C, Federov O, Habuchi H, Habuchi O, Kimata K, Nagase H. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans control the extracellular trafficking and the activity of the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1300-1309. [PMID: 25176127 PMCID: PMC4210636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) is an important regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. TIMP-3 binds to sulfated ECM glycosaminoglycans or is endocytosed by cells via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1). Here, we report that heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) selectively regulate postsecretory trafficking of TIMP-3 by inhibiting its binding to LRP-1. HS and CSE also increased TIMP-3 affinity for glycan-binding metalloproteinases, such as adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), by reducing the dissociation rate constants. The sulfation pattern was crucial for these activities because monosulfated or truncated heparin had a reduced ability to bind to TIMP-3 and increase its affinity for ADAMTS-5. Therefore, sulfation of ECM glycans regulates the levels and inhibitory activity of TIMP-3 and modulates ECM turnover, and small mimicries of sulfated glycans may protect the tissue from the excess destruction seen in diseases such as osteoarthritis, cancer, and atherosclerosis. The metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3 binds to sulfated extracellular glycans This inhibits cellular uptake of TIMP-3 by the endocytic receptor LRP-1 Glycans also increase TIMP-3 affinity for selected target proteases The sulfation of matrix glycans therefore modulates TIMP-3 activity and ECM turnover
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Troeberg
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - Christopher Lazenbatt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Md Ferdous Anower-E-Khuda
- Aichi Medical University Research Complex for Medicine Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Craig Freeman
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oleg Federov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Hiroko Habuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Centre, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Osami Habuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Centre, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- Aichi Medical University Research Complex for Medicine Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Künze G, Gehrcke JP, Pisabarro MT, Huster D. NMR characterization of the binding properties and conformation of glycosaminoglycans interacting with interleukin-10. Glycobiology 2014; 24:1036-49. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Prinz RD, Willis CM, van Kuppevelt TH, Klüppel M. Biphasic role of chondroitin sulfate in cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92381. [PMID: 24667694 PMCID: PMC3965413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate is a critical component of proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. As such, chondroitin sulfate side chains and the sulfation balance of chondroitin play important roles in the control of signaling pathways, and have a functional importance in human disease. In contrast, very little is known about the roles of chondroitin sulfate molecules and sulfation patterns during mammalian development and cell lineage specification. Here, we report a novel biphasic role of chondroitin sulfate in the specification of the cardiac cell lineage during embryonic stem cell differentiation through modulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Lineage marker analysis demonstrates that enzymatic elimination of endogenous chondroitin sulfates leads to defects specifically in cardiac differentiation. This is accompanied by a reduction in the number of beating cardiac foci. Mechanistically, we show that endogenous chondroitin sulfate controls cardiac differentiation in a temporal biphasic manner through inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, a known regulatory pathway for the cardiac lineage. Treatment with a specific exogenous chondroitin sulfate, CS-E, could mimic these biphasic effects on cardiac differentiation and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. These results establish chondroitin sulfate and its sulfation balance as important regulators of cardiac cell lineage decisions through control of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Our work suggests that targeting the chondroitin biosynthesis and sulfation machinery is a novel promising avenue in regenerative strategies after heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Prinz
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Willis
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Klüppel
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Necchi V, Sommi P, Vitali A, Vanoli A, Savoia A, Ricci V, Solcia E. Polyubiquitinated proteins, proteasome, and glycogen characterize the particle-rich cytoplasmic structure (PaCS) of neoplastic and fetal cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 141:483-97. [PMID: 24577783 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A particle-rich cytoplasmic structure (PaCS) concentrating ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) components and barrel-like particles in clear, cytoskeleton- and organelle-free areas has recently been described in some neoplasms and in genetic or infectious diseases at risk of neoplasia. Ultrastructurally similar particulate cytoplasmic structures, interpreted as glycogen deposits, have previously been reported in clear-cell neoplasms and some fetal tissues. It remains to be investigated whether the two structures are the same, colocalize UPS components and polysaccharides, and have a role in highly proliferative cells such as fetal and neoplastic cells. We used immunogold electron microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to examine human and mouse fetal tissues and human neoplasms. Fetal and neoplastic cells both showed colocalization of polyubiquitinated proteins, 19S and 20S proteasomes, and polysaccharides, both glycogen and chondroitin sulfate, inside cytoplasmic structures showing all distinctive features of PaCSs. Poorly demarcated and/or hybrid (ribosomes admixed) UPS- and glycogen-enriched areas, likely stages in PaCS development, were also seen in some fetal cells, with special reference to those, like primary alveolar pulmonary cells or pancreatic centroacinar cells, having a crucial role in organogenesis. UPS- and glycogen-rich PaCSs developed extensively in clear-cell neoplasms of the kidney, ovary, pancreas, and other organs, as well as, in infantile, development-related tumors replicating fetal patterns, such as choroid plexus papilloma. UPS-mediated, ATP-dependent proteolysis and its potential energy source, glycogen metabolism, may have a crucial, synergic role in embryo-/organogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Necchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Tomatsu S, Fujii T, Fukushi M, Oguma T, Shimada T, Maeda M, Kida K, Shibata Y, Futatsumori H, Montaño AM, Mason RW, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki Y, Orii T. Newborn screening and diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:42-53. [PMID: 23860310 PMCID: PMC4047214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzyme activities needed to degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides. GAGs include: chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS), keratan sulfate (KS), and hyaluronan. Their catabolism may be blocked singly or in combination depending on the specific enzyme deficiency. There are 11 known enzyme deficiencies, resulting in seven distinct forms of MPS with a collective incidence of higher than 1 in 25,000 live births. Accumulation of undegraded metabolites in lysosomes gives rise to distinct clinical syndromes. Generally, the clinical conditions progress if untreated, leading to developmental delay, systemic skeletal deformities, and early death. MPS disorders are potentially treatable with enzyme replacement therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For maximum benefit of available therapies, early detection and intervention are critical. We recently developed a novel high-throughput multiplex method to assay DS, HS, and KS simultaneously in blood samples by using high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for MPS. The overall performance metrics of HS and DS values on MPS I, II, and VII patients vs. healthy controls at newborns were as follows using a given set of cut-off values: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 98.5-99.4%; positive predictive value, 54.5-75%; false positive rate, 0.62-1.54%; and false negative rate, 0%. These findings show that the combined measurements of these three GAGs are sensitive and specific for detecting all types of MPS with acceptable false negative/positive rates. In addition, this method will also be used for monitoring therapeutic efficacy. We review the history of GAG assay and application to diagnosis for MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19899-0269, USA.
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Dick G, Tan CL, Alves JN, Ehlert EME, Miller GM, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Sugahara K, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt TH, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW, Kwok JCF. Semaphorin 3A binds to the perineuronal nets via chondroitin sulfate type E motifs in rodent brains. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27384-27395. [PMID: 23940048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the CS-rich extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) restrict plasticity and regeneration in the CNS. Plasticity is enhanced by chondroitinase ABC treatment that removes CS from its core protein in the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans or by preventing the formation of PNNs, suggesting that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the PNNs control plasticity. Recently, we have shown that semaphorin3A (Sema3A), a repulsive axon guidance molecule, localizes to the PNNs and is removed by chondroitinase ABC treatment (Vo, T., Carulli, D., Ehlert, E. M., Kwok, J. C., Dick, G., Mecollari, V., Moloney, E. B., Neufeld, G., de Winter, F., Fawcett, J. W., and Verhaagen, J. (2013) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 56C, 186-200). Sema3A is therefore a candidate for a PNN effector in controlling plasticity. Here, we characterize the interaction of Sema3A with CS of the PNNs. Recombinant Sema3A interacts with CS type E (CS-E), and this interaction is involved in the binding of Sema3A to rat brain-derived PNN glycosaminoglycans, as demonstrated by the use of CS-E blocking antibody GD3G7. In addition, we investigate the release of endogenous Sema3A from rat brain by biochemical and enzymatic extractions. Our results confirm the interaction of Sema3A with CS-E containing glycosaminoglycans in the dense extracellular matrix of rat brain. We also demonstrate that the combination of Sema3A and PNN GAGs is a potent inhibitor of axon growth, and this inhibition is reduced by the CS-E blocking antibody. In conclusion, Sema3A binding to CS-E in the PNNs may be a mechanism whereby PNNs restrict growth and plasticity and may represent a possible point of intervention to facilitate neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dick
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chin Lik Tan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Nuno Alves
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Erich M E Ehlert
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Miller
- California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arie Oosterhof
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom.
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Flangea C, Petrescu AJ, Seidler DG, Munteanu CVA, Zamfir AD. Identification of an unusually sulfated tetrasaccharide chondroitin/dermatan motif in mouse brain by combining chip-nanoelectrospray multistage MS2-MS4and high resolution MS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1581-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; University of Münster; Münster; Germany
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Mizumoto S, Sugahara K. Glycosaminoglycans are functional ligands for receptor for advanced glycation end-products in tumors. FEBS J 2013; 280:2462-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science; Sapporo; Japan
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Expression of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase involved in chondroitin sulfate synthesis is responsible for pulmonary metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:656319. [PMID: 23555092 PMCID: PMC3595098 DOI: 10.1155/2013/656319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) containing E-disaccharide units, glucuronic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine(4, 6-O-disulfate), at surfaces of tumor cells plays a key role in tumor metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of the metastasis involving the CS chain-containing E-units is not fully understood. In this study, to clarify the role of E-units in the metastasis and to search for potential molecular targets for anticancer drugs, the isolation and characterization of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells stably downregulated by the knockdown for the gene encoding N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST), which is responsible for the formation of E-units in CS chains, were performed. Knockdown of GalNAc4S-6ST in LLC cells resulted in a reduction in the proportion of E-units, in adhesiveness to extracellular matrix adhesion molecules and in proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, the stable downregulation of GalNAc4S-6ST expression in LLC cells markedly inhibited the colonization of the lungs by inoculated LLC cells and invasive capacity of LLC cells. These results provide clear evidence that CS chain-containing E-units and/or GalNAc4S-6ST play a crucial role in pulmonary metastasis at least through the increased adhesion and the invasive capacity of LLC cells and also provides insights into future drug targets for anticancer treatment.
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Buniello A, Hardisty-Hughes RE, Pass JC, Bober E, Smith RJ, Steel KP. Headbobber: a combined morphogenetic and cochleosaccular mouse model to study 10qter deletions in human deafness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56274. [PMID: 23457544 PMCID: PMC3572983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recessive mouse mutant headbobber (hb) displays the characteristic behavioural traits associated with vestibular defects including headbobbing, circling and deafness. This mutation was caused by the insertion of a transgene into distal chromosome 7 affecting expression of native genes. We show that the inner ear of hb/hb mutants lacks semicircular canals and cristae, and the saccule and utricle are fused together in a single utriculosaccular sac. Moreover, we detect severe abnormalities of the cochlear sensory hair cells, the stria vascularis looks severely disorganised, Reissner's membrane is collapsed and no endocochlear potential is detected. Myo7a and Kcnj10 expression analysis show a lack of the melanocyte-like intermediate cells in hb/hb stria vascularis, which can explain the absence of endocochlear potential. We use Trp2 as a marker of melanoblasts migrating from the neural crest at E12.5 and show that they do not interdigitate into the developing strial epithelium, associated with abnormal persistence of the basal lamina in the hb/hb cochlea. We perform array CGH, deep sequencing as well as an extensive expression analysis of candidate genes in the headbobber region of hb/hb and littermate controls, and conclude that the headbobber phenotype is caused by: 1) effect of a 648 kb deletion on distal Chr7, resulting in the loss of three protein coding genes (Gpr26, Cpmx2 and Chst15) with expression in the inner ear but unknown function; and 2) indirect, long range effect of the deletion on the expression of neighboring genes on Chr7, associated with downregulation of Hmx3, Hmx2 and Nkx1.2 homeobox transcription factors. Interestingly, deletions of the orthologous region in humans, affecting the same genes, have been reported in nineteen patients with common features including sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular problems. Therefore, we propose that headbobber is a useful model to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying deafness in human 10qter deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Buniello
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johanna C. Pass
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Bober
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Karen P. Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Institute of Hearing Research, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sato Y, Shimono C, Li S, Nakano I, Norioka N, Sugiura N, Kimata K, Yamada M, Sekiguchi K. Nephronectin binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans via its MAM domain. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:188-95. [PMID: 23357641 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nephronectin is a basement membrane protein comprising five N-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, a central linker segment containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and a C-terminal meprin-A5 protein-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase μ (MAM) domain. Nephronectin has been shown to interact with α8β1 integrin through the central linker segment, but its interactions with other molecules remain to be elucidated. Here, we examined the binding of nephronectin to a panel of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Nephronectin bound strongly to heparin and chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E and moderately to heparan sulfate (HS), but failed to bind to CS-A, CS-C, CS-D, dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. Deletion of the MAM domain severely impaired the binding of nephronectin to heparin but not CS-E, whereas deletion of the EGF-like repeats reduced its binding to CS-E but not heparin, suggesting that nephronectin interacts with CS-E and heparin through the EGF-like repeats and MAM domain, respectively. Consistent with these results, nephronectin bound to agrin and perlecan, which are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in basement membranes, in HS-dependent manners. Site-directed mutagenesis of the MAM domain revealed that multiple basic amino acid residues in the putative loop regions were involved in the binding of the MAM domain to agrin. The binding of nephronectin to basement membrane HSPGs was further confirmed by in situ nephronectin overlay assays using mouse frozen tissue sections. Taken together, these findings indicate that nephronectin is capable of binding to HSPGs in basement membranes via the MAM domain, and thereby raise the possibility that interactions with basement membrane HSPGs may be involved in the deposition of nephronectin onto basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sato
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sofeu Feugaing DD, Götte M, Viola M. More than matrix: the multifaceted role of decorin in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 92:1-11. [PMID: 23058688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan, decorin, has incrementally been shown to be a powerful inhibitor of growth in a wide variety of tumour cells, an effect specifically mediated by the interaction of decorin core protein with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other ErbB family proteins. Nowadays, this matrikine has become the main focus of various cancer studies. Decorin is an important component of the cellular microenvironment or extracellular matrix (ECM). Its interactions with matrix and cell membrane components have been implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including matrix organisation, signal transduction, wound healing, cell migration, inhibition of metastasis, and angiogenesis. This review summarises recent findings on decorin's interactions and behaviour related to cancer. Highlighted are key functions of decorin such as interaction with cell surface receptors, as well as with ECM components, and the therapeutic potential of this multifunctional molecule.
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Mizumoto S, Murakoshi S, Kalayanamitra K, Deepa SS, Fukui S, Kongtawelert P, Yamada S, Sugahara K. Highly sulfated hexasaccharide sequences isolated from chondroitin sulfate of shark fin cartilage: insights into the sugar sequences with bioactivities. Glycobiology 2012; 23:155-68. [PMID: 23019154 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains regulate the development of the central nervous system in vertebrates and are linear polysaccharides consisting of variously sulfated repeating disaccharides, [-4GlcUAβ1-3GalNAcβ1-](n), where GlcUA and GalNAc represent D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, respectively. CS chains containing D-disaccharide units [GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)] are involved in the development of cerebellar Purkinje cells and neurite outgrowth-promoting activity through interaction with a neurotrophic factor, pleiotrophin, resulting in the regulation of signaling. In this study, to obtain further structural information on the CS chains containing d-disaccharide units involved in brain development, oligosaccharides containing D-units were isolated from a shark fin cartilage. Seven novel hexasaccharide sequences, ΔO-D-D, ΔA-D-D, ΔC-D-D, ΔE-A-D, ΔD-D-C, ΔE-D-D and ΔA-B-D, in addition to three previously reported sequences, ΔC-A-D, ΔC-D-C and ΔA-D-A, were isolated from a CS preparation of shark fin cartilage after exhaustive digestion with chondroitinase AC-I, which cannot act on the galactosaminidic linkages bound to D-units. The symbol Δ stands for a 4,5-unsaturated bond of uronic acids, whereas A, B, C, D, E and O represent [GlcUA-GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)], [GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)-GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)], [GlcUA-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)], [GlcUA(2-O-sulfate)-GalNAc(6-O-sulfate)], [GlcUA-GalNAc(4-O-, 6-O-sulfate)] and [GlcUA-GalNAc], respectively. In binding studies using an anti-CS monoclonal antibody, MO-225, the epitopes of which are involved in cerebellar development in mammals, novel epitope structures, ΔA-D-A, ΔA-D-D and ΔA-B-D, were revealed. Hexasaccharides containing two consecutive D-units or a B-unit will be useful for the structural and functional analyses of CS chains particularly in the neuroglycobiological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sugahara K, Mizumoto S. ISCSM2011 chondroitin sulfate E-type structure at tumor cell surface is involved in experimental metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:33-45. [PMID: 22695836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Joladarashi D, Chilkunda ND, Salimath PV. Tinospora cordifolia consumption ameliorates changes in kidney chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate in diabetic rats. J Nutr Sci 2012; 1:e7. [PMID: 25191554 PMCID: PMC4153103 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is known to alter kidney extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Chondroitin sulphate (CS)/dermatan sulphate (DS), an ECM component, which plays an essential role in kidney is altered during diabetes. The focus of this study has been to examine the effect of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) consumption, a potent plant widely used to treat diabetes, on kidney CS/DS. Experimentally induced diabetic rats were fed with diet containing TC at 2·5 and 5 % levels and the effect of it on kidney CS/DS was examined. The CS/DS content and CS:heparan sulphate ratio which was decreased during diabetic condition were ameliorated in TC-fed groups. Disaccharide composition analysis of CS/DS by HPLC showed that decreases in 'E' units and degree of sulphation were modulated in 5 % TC-fed groups. Apparent molecular weight of purified CS/DS from the control rat kidney was found to be 38 kDa which was decreased to 29 kDa in diabetic rat kidney. Rats in 5 % TC-fed groups showed chain length of 38 kDa akin to control rats. Expression of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 and N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulphate 6-O-sulfotransferase, enzymes involved in the synthesis of 'E' units which was reduced during diabetic condition, was significantly contained in the 5 % TC-fed group. Purified CS/DS from 5 % TC-fed group was able to bind higher amounts of ECM components, namely type IV collagen and laminin, when compared with untreated diabetic rats. The present results demonstrate that consumption of a diet containing TC at the 5 % level modulates changes in kidney CS/DS which were due to diabetes.
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Key Words
- 2AB 2-aminobenzamide
- AIN, American Institute of Nutrition
- CS, chondroitin sulphate
- Chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate
- DMMB, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue
- DS, dermatan sulphate
- Diabetes
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- GalNAc, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine
- Glycosaminoglycans
- HS, heparan sulphate
- HexUA, hexuronic acid
- IdoA-l-iduronic acid
- Kidneys
- SFC, starch-fed control
- SFD, starch-fed diabetic
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TC, Tinospora cordifolia
- TFD, TC-fed diabetic.
- Tinospora cordifolia
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Affiliation(s)
- Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research
Institute, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandini D. Chilkunda
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research
Institute, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Paramahans V. Salimath
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research
Institute, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
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Afratis N, Gialeli C, Nikitovic D, Tsegenidis T, Karousou E, Theocharis AD, Pavão MS, Tzanakakis GN, Karamanos NK. Glycosaminoglycans: key players in cancer cell biology and treatment. FEBS J 2012; 279:1177-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Huynh MB, Morin C, Carpentier G, Garcia-Filipe S, Talhas-Perret S, Barbier-Chassefière V, van Kuppevelt TH, Martelly I, Albanese P, Papy-Garcia D. Age-related changes in rat myocardium involve altered capacities of glycosaminoglycans to potentiate growth factor functions and heparan sulfate-altered sulfation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11363-73. [PMID: 22298772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.335901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix, the natural environment from which cell behavior is regulated by a number or tissue homeostasis guarantors including growth factors. Because most heparin-binding growth factor activities are regulated by GAGs, structural and functional alterations of these polysaccharides may consequently affect the integrity of tissues during critical physiological and pathological processes. Here, we investigated whether the aging process can induce changes in the myocardial GAG composition in rats and whether these changes can affect the activities of particular heparin-binding growth factors known to sustain cardiac tissue integrity. Our results showed an age-dependent increase of GAG levels in the left ventricle. Biochemical and immunohistological studies pointed out heparan sulfates (HS) as the GAG species that increased with age. ELISA-based competition assays showed altered capacities of the aged myocardial GAGs to bind FGF-1, FGF-2, and VEGF but not HB EGF. Mitogenic assays in cultured cells showed an age-dependent decrease of the elderly GAG capacities to potentiate FGF-2 whereas the potentiating effect on VEGF(165) was increased, as confirmed by augmented angiogenic cell proliferation in Matrigel plugs. Moreover, HS disaccharide analysis showed considerably altered 6-O-sulfation with modest changes in N- and 2-O-sulfations. Together, these findings suggest a physiological significance of HS structural and functional alterations during aging. This can be associated with an age-dependent decline of the extracellular matrix capacity to efficiently modulate not only the activity of resident or therapeutic growth factors but also the homing of resident or therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Bao Huynh
- Laboratoire Croissance, Reparation et Regeneration Tissulaires EAC/CNRS-7149, Université Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
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Purushothaman A, Sugahara K, Faissner A. Chondroitin sulfate "wobble motifs" modulate maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells and their progeny. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:2935-42. [PMID: 22094467 PMCID: PMC3270950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.298430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans, major components of the central nervous system, have the potential to interact with a wide range of growth factors and neurotrophic factors that influence neuronal migration, axon guidance pathways, and neurite outgrowth. Recent studies have also revealed the role of CS/DS chains in the orchestration of the neural stem/progenitor cell micromilieu. Individual functional proteins recognize a set of multiple overlapping oligosaccharide sequences decorated to give different sulfation patterns, which are termed here "wobble CS/DS oligosaccharide motifs," and induce signaling pathways essential for the proliferation, self-renewal, and cell lineage commitment of neural stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- the Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Frontier Research Center for Post-genomic Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan, and
| | - Andreas Faissner
- the Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University , 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Zamfir AD, Flangea C, Serb A, Sisu E, Zagrean L, Rizzi A, Seidler DG. Brain chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, from cerebral tissue to fine structure: extraction, preparation, and fully automated chip-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 836:145-159. [PMID: 22252633 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are covalently linked to proteins, building up a wide range of proteoglycans, with a prevalent expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In mammalian tissues, these GAG species are often found as hybrid CS/DS chains. Their structural diversity during chain elongation is produced by variability of sulfation in the repeating disaccharide units. In central nervous system, a large proportion of the ECM is composed of proteoglycans; therefore, CS/DS play a significant role in the functional diversity of neurons, brain development, and some brain diseases. A requirement for collecting consistent data on brain proteoglycan glycosylation is the development of adequate protocols for CS/DS extraction and detailed compositional and structure analysis. This chapter will present a strategy, which combines biochemical tools for brain CS/DS extraction, purification, and fractionation, with a modern analytical platform based on chip-nanoelectrospray multistage mass spectrometry (MS) able to provide information on the essential structural elements such as epimerization, chain length, sulfate content, and sulfation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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Takegawa Y, Araki K, Fujitani N, Furukawa JI, Sugiyama H, Sakai H, Shinohara Y. Simultaneous analysis of heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfates, and hyaluronan disaccharides by glycoblotting-assisted sample preparation followed by single-step zwitter-ionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9443-9. [PMID: 22044073 DOI: 10.1021/ac2021079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play important roles in cell adhesion and growth, maintenance of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, and signal transduction. To fully understand the biological functions of GAGs, there is a growing need for sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs. The present work describes a novel analytical technique that enables high throughput cellular/tissue glycosaminoglycomics for all three families of uronic acid-containing GAGs, hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS), and heparan sulfate (HS). A one-pot purification and labeling procedure for GAG Δ-disaccharides was established by chemo-selective ligation of disaccharides onto high density hydrazide beads (glycoblotting) and subsequent labeling by fluorescence. The 17 most common disaccharides (eight comprising HS, eight CS/DS, and one comprising HA) could be separated with a single chromatography for the first time by employing a zwitter-ionic type of hydrophilic-interaction chromatography column. These novel analytical techniques were able to precisely characterize the glycosaminoglycome in various cell types including embryonal carcinoma cells and ocular epithelial tissues (cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takegawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Wall JS, Richey T, Stuckey A, Donnell R, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt TH, Smits NC, Kennel SJ. SPECT imaging of peripheral amyloid in mice by targeting hyper-sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans with specific scFv antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:65-75. [PMID: 21958847 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid deposits are associated with a broad spectrum of disorders including monoclonal gammopathies, chronic inflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. In all cases, the amyloid pathology contains, in addition to protein fibrils, a plethora of associated molecules, including high concentrations of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). METHODS We have evaluated radioiodinated scFvs that bind HS for their ability to image amyloid deposits in vivo. scFv's with different binding characteristics were isolated by phage display using HS extracted from bovine kidney or mouse and human skeletal muscle glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Following purification and radioiodination, the biodistribution of (125)I-scFv's was assessed in mice with inflammation-associated AA amyloidosis or in amyloid-free mice by using SPECT imaging, biodistribution measurements and tissue autoradiography. RESULTS Four different scFv's all showed binding in vivo to amyloid in the spleen, liver and kidney of diseased mice; however, three of the scFv's also bound to sites within these organs in disease free mice. One scFv specific for hypersulfated HSPGs preferentially bound amyloid and did not accumulate in healthy tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that HS expressed in amyloid deposits has unique qualities that can be distinguished from HS in normal tissues. A scFv specific for rare hypersulfated HS was used to selectively image AA amyloid in mice with minimal retention in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA.
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Joladarashi D, Salimath PV, Chilkunda ND. Diabetes results in structural alteration of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate in the rat kidney: effects on the binding to extracellular matrix components. Glycobiology 2011; 21:960-72. [PMID: 21406563 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) is a group of sulfated polymers, which play an essential role in various biological phenomena. In the kidney, they are present in small but significant amounts. Studies on their structure-function relationship in the kidney and their changes during diabetic conditions have not been rigorously looked into, which is the focus of this paper. The CS/DS content decreased significantly (14%) during diabetic conditions. This was accompanied by a decrease in the CS/heparan sulfate ratio. Disaccharide composition analysis revealed fine structural changes especially with respect to the E unit [glucuronic acid β1-3 N-acetyl d-galactosamine (4,6-O-sulfate)] and the degree of sulfation. The mRNA expression levels of major enzymes involved in the synthesis of the "E"-disaccharide unit showed a decrease during diabetes. The changes in CS/DS had implications on ligand-binding properties when tested in vitro for binding to major extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin. Thus, this study provides insights into the structure-function relationship of CS/DS in the kidney during diabetes and alterations of which could aggravate conditions such as diabetic nephropathy by virtue of them being a part of ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Yabe T, Hosoda-Yabe R, Kanamaru Y, Kiso M. A peptide found by phage display discriminates a specific structure of a trisaccharide in heparin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12397-406. [PMID: 21335559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.172155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that heparan sulfate can control several important biological events on the cell surface through changes in sulfation pattern. The in vivo modification of sugar chains with sulfates, however, is complicated, and the discrimination of different sulfation patterns is difficult. Heparin, which is primarily produced by mast cells, is closely approximated by the structural analog heparan sulfate. Screening of heparin-associating peptides using phage display and antithrombin-bound affinity chromatography identified a peptide, heparin-associating peptide Y (HappY), that acts as a target of immobilized heparin. The peptide consists of 12 amino acid residues with characteristic three arginines and exclusively binds to heparin and heparan sulfate but does not associate with other glycosaminoglycans. HappY recognizes three consecutive monosaccharide residues in heparin through its three arginine residues. HappY should be a useful probe to detect heparin and heparan sulfate in studies of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Yabe
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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