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Wisowski G, Pudełko A, Paul-Samojedny M, Komosińska-Vassev K, Koźma EM. Dermatan Sulfate Affects the Activation of the Necroptotic Effector MLKL in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via the NFκB Pathway and Rac-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2024; 14:829. [PMID: 39062543 PMCID: PMC11274702 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a glycosaminoglycan characterized by having a variable structure and wide distribution in animal tissues. We previously demonstrated that some structural variants of DS were able to rapidly induce moderate necroptosis in luminal breast cancer cells when used at a high concentration. We have now investigated the mechanisms underlying the DS-mediated activation of the necroptotic executor MLKL using immunofluorescence, Western blotting and pharmacological inhibition. The two main processes, by which DS influences the phosphorylation of MLKL, are the activation of NFκB, which demonstrates a suppressive impact, and the induction of oxidative stress, which has a stimulatory effect. Moreover, the triggering of the redox imbalance by DS occurs via the modulatory influence of this glycosaminoglycan on the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, requiring alterations in the activity of small Rho GTP-ase Rac1. All of these processes that were elicited by DS in luminal breast cancer cells showed a dependence on the structure of this glycan and the type of cancer cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that a major mechanism that is involved in the stimulation of necroptosis in luminal breast cancer cells by high doses of DS is mediated via the effect of this glycan on the activity of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Ewa M. Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.-V.); (E.M.K.)
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Sun Z, Li Y, Qian Y, Wu M, Huang S, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Celastrol attenuates ox-LDL-induced mesangial cell proliferation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:114. [PMID: 31285857 PMCID: PMC6611885 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the important pathological features of obesity-associated nephropathy with unknown etiology. Excessive MC proliferation can cause glomerulosclerosis and renal function loss. Thus, targeting MC proliferation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated kidney disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of celastrol in MC proliferation induced by ox-LDL, as well as the potential mechanisms. Following ox-LDL treatment, MC proliferation was induced and the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated, as evidenced by increased NLRP3 levels, caspase 1 activity, and IL-18 and IL-1β release. Significantly, NLRP3 siRNAs inhibited MC proliferation and delayed cell cycle progression, as indicated by the cell cycle assay and the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin D1. Given the anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol, we pretreated MCs with celastrol before ox-LDL treatment. As expected, celastrol pretreatment strikingly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and MC proliferation triggered by ox-LDL. In summary, celastrol potently blocked ox-LDL-induced MC proliferation, possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings also suggest that celastrol may be a potential drug for treating proliferative glomerular diseases related to obesity and lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Sun
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Qian
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- 1Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road #72, 210008 Nanjing, China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.,3Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008 Nanjing, China
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3
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Tsai KL, Kao CL, Hung CH, Cheng YH, Lin HC, Chu PM. Chicoric acid is a potent anti-atherosclerotic ingredient by anti-oxidant action and anti-inflammation capacity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29600-29612. [PMID: 28410194 PMCID: PMC5444689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is linked to both oxidative stress and endothelial cell dysfunction. Chicoric acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present investigation, we demonstrated that chicoric acid inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-facilitated dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Oxidative injuries were tested by investigating the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by examining the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We also confirmed that chicoric acid mitigates apoptotic features caused by oxLDL, such as the subsequent break down of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the activation of Bax, which promote DNA strand breaks and activate caspase-3. Moreover, our data revealed that chicoric acid attenuated the oxLDL activation of NF-κB, the attachment of THP-1 cells and the overexpression of adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells. The results of this study suggest a potential molecular mechanism through which chicoric acid inhibits oxLDL-induced human endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chen Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College Of Medicine And Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Togliatto G, Lombardo G, Brizzi MF. The Future Challenge of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Hypertension: From Bench to Bed Side. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091988. [PMID: 28914782 PMCID: PMC5618637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that control physiological processes, including cell adaptation to stress. Redox signaling via ROS has quite recently become the focus of much attention in numerous pathological contexts, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney and cardiovascular disease. Imbalance in ROS formation and degradation has also been implicated in essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is characterized by multiple genetic and environmental factors which do not completely explain its associated risk factors. Thereby, even if advances in therapy have led to a significant reduction in hypertension-associated complications, to interfere with the unbalance of redox signals might represent an additional therapeutic challenge. The decrease of nitric oxide (NO) levels, the antioxidant activity commonly found in preclinical models of hypertension and the ability of antioxidant approaches to reduce ROS levels have spurred clinicians to investigate the contribution of ROS in humans. Indeed, particular effort has recently been devoted to understanding how redox signaling may contribute to vascular pathobiology in human hypertension. However, although biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found to positively correlate with blood pressure in preclinical model of hypertension, human data are less convincing. We herein provide an overview of the most relevant mechanisms via which oxidative stress might contribute to the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Moreover, alternative approaches, which are directed towards improving antioxidant machinery and/or interfering with ROS production, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Hou S, Zheng F, Li Y, Gao L, Zhang J. The protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by high glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15026-43. [PMID: 25162824 PMCID: PMC4200778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy using renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E). The cells are divided into normal group (NG), high glucose group (HG), and treatment group (HG + GA). The methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Model driven architecture (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Electron microscopy and histological were used to detect the changes in cell ultrastructure. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure Mn-SOD and PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1a) mRNA. We find that high glucose increases NRK-52E cell proliferation and TGF-β1 expression, but decreases expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD. These effects are significantly attenuated by GA. Our findings suggest that GA has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell proliferation and oxidative stress at least in part by increasing AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD expression in NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Maile LA, Gollahon K, Wai C, Dunbar P, Busby W, Clemmons D. Blocking αVβ3 integrin ligand occupancy inhibits the progression of albuminuria in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:421827. [PMID: 25389530 PMCID: PMC4217341 DOI: 10.1155/2014/421827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined if blocking ligand occupancy of the αVβ3 integrin could inhibit the pathophysiologic changes that occur in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetic rats were treated with either vehicle or a monoclonal antibody that binds the β3 subunit of the αVβ3 integrin. After 4 weeks of diabetes the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) increased in both diabetic animals that subsequently received vehicle and in the animals that subsequently received the anti-β3 antibody compared with control nondiabetic rats. After 8 weeks of treatment the UACR continued to rise in the vehicle-treated rats; however it returned to levels comparable to control nondiabetic rats in rats treated with the anti-β3 antibody. Treatment with the antibody prevented the increase of several profibrotic proteins that have been implicated in the development of DN. Diabetes was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of the β3 subunit in kidney homogenates from diabetic animals, but this was prevented by the antibody treatment. This study demonstrates that, when administered after establishment of early pathophysiologic changes in renal function, the anti-β3 antibody reversed the effects of diabetes normalizing albuminuria and profibrotic proteins in the kidney to the levels observed in nondiabetic control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Maile
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Vascular Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 510 Meadowmont Village Circle, Suite 283, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- *Laura A. Maile:
| | - Katherine Gollahon
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christine Wai
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul Dunbar
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Walker Busby
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Mineralocorticoid receptor--Rac1 activation and oxidative stress play major roles in salt-induced hypertension and kidney injury in prepubertal rats. J Hypertens 2013; 30:1977-85. [PMID: 22914542 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283576904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the roles that renal mineralocorticoid receptor-Rac1 interactions and oxidative stress play in salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in prepubertal rats. METHODS Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were uninephrectomized (UNx) and fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks. Five were left untreated, whereas the remaining rats were administered an mineralocorticoid receptor blocker (n = 5), a Rac1 inhibitor (n = 5), a Rho-kinase inhibitor (n = 5), or the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (n = 5). A control group of young UNx rats (n = 5) was fed a normal-salt (0.5% NaCl) diet. The rats were sacrificed after a 4-week experimental period. Blood pressure, urinary protein, histological morphology, and renal serum-regulated and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (Sgk) 1 and Rac1 expression were evaluated. The effect of adrenalectomy with dexamethasone supplementation in young salt-loaded UNx rats (n = 5) was also evaluated. RESULTS Excessive salt intake induced hypertension and proteinuria in the young UNx rats, whose kidneys showed marked histological injury, Sgk1 overexpression and Rac1 activation. Both mineralocorticoid receptor blockade and Rac1 inhibition markedly prevented these abnormalities associated with a reduction in renal Rac1 expression. Adrenalectomy, but not Rho-kinase inhibition, also prevented salt-induced renal injury. Interestingly, tempol inhibited renal Rac1 activation and renal injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Rac1-related mineralocorticoid receptor activation contributed to salt-induced hypertension and kidney injury in young UNx rats. Furthermore, as adrenalectomy abrogated salt-induced proteinuria, Rac1 may be an enhancer of aldosterone-induced mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Oxidative stress may also modify the interaction between Rac1 and mineralocorticoid receptor.
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Gao P, Wang XM, Qian DH, Qin ZX, Jin J, Xu Q, Yuan QY, Li XJ, Si LY. Induction of oxidative stress by oxidized LDL via meprinα-activated epidermal growth factor receptor in macrophages. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:533-43. [PMID: 23250920 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore meprinα-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Accelerated atherosclerotic lesions were established by administration of a high-fat diet in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Lentiviral overexpression of meprinα in the thoracic aortic artery during plaque formation enhanced intra-plaque macrophage induction of ROS as well as formation of atherosclerotic plaques, whereas AG1478 (specific inhibitor of the EGFR) treatment exerted the opposite effect. A meprinα inhibitor abrogated EGFR activation in mice. In cultured J774a.1 macrophages, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) increased ROS formation and EGFR activation through a ligand [heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF)]-dependent pathway. However, a meprinα inhibitor or specific siRNA inhibited ROS production and EGFR activation. Recombinant mouse meprinα enhanced OxLDL-stimulated production of ROS and induced HB-EGF. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by SB203580 decreased OxLDL-stimulated production of ROS. Conversely, inhibition of meprinα or PI3K-Rac1 inhibitors also decreased p38 activity in OxLDL-stimulated macrophages. In addition, inhibition of meprinα reversed OxLDL-stimulated activation of PI3K. CONCLUSION Meprinα promotes OxLDL-induced plaque formation and ROS release by transactivation of the EGFR, followed by activation of the PI3K/Rac1/p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Chongqing Key Disciplines, Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Johno H, Nakajima S, Kato H, Yao J, Paton AW, Paton JC, Katoh R, Shimizu F, Kitamura M. Unfolded protein response causes a phenotypic shift of inflamed glomerular cells toward redifferentiation through dual blockade of Akt and Smad signaling pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1977-90. [PMID: 23031256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During recovery from acute glomerulonephritis, cell proliferation, matrix expansion, and expression of the dedifferentiation marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) subside spontaneously. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this recovery process remain elusive. In mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced in activated, dedifferentiated mesangial cells. We investigated the role of the UPR in mesangial cell deactivation and redifferentiation and found that, during experimental glomerulonephritis in rats, reinforcement of the UPR significantly attenuated mesangial cell proliferation, matrix expansion, and expression of α-SMA. Consistent with this in vivo result, induction of the UPR suppressed cell proliferation and transcriptional expression of type IV collagen (ColIV) and α-SMA in activated mesangial cells. The UPR reduced phosphorylation of Akt in vitro and in vivo, and it was responsible for attenuation of cell proliferation. The UPR also preferentially depressed levels of total and phosphorylated Smads without affecting transcriptional levels, and it was responsible for suppression of ColIV and α-SMA. Translational suppression via the eIF2α pathway, but not proteasome-mediated protein degradation, was responsible for the down-regulation of Smads. These results suggest the novel potential of the UPR to facilitate a phenotypic shift of activated glomerular cells toward deactivation and redifferentiation. The UPR may serve as endogenous machinery that supports recovery of glomeruli from acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Johno
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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Tsai KL, Huang YH, Kao CL, Yang DM, Lee HC, Chou HY, Chen YC, Chiou GY, Chen LH, Yang YP, Chiu TH, Tsai CS, Ou HC, Chiou SH. A novel mechanism of coenzyme Q10 protects against human endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by modulating NO-related pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:458-68. [PMID: 21684136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a potent antioxidant and a critical intermediate of the electron transport chain, has been reported to inhibit LDL oxidation and thus the progression of atherosclerosis. However, its molecular mechanisms on endothelial cells remain still unclarified. METHODS In this study, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures treated with oxLDL were used to explore the protective effects of CoQ10. RESULTS Our results showed that CoQ10 attenuated the oxLDL-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and improved the antioxidant capacity. CoQ10 also attenuated the oxLDL-mediated down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, CoQ10 suppressed oxLDL-activated NF-κB and downstream inflammatory mediators, including expression of adhesion molecules, release of proinflammatory cytokines and the adherence of monocytic THP-1 cells. Moreover, CoQ10 attenuated oxLDL-altered proapoptotic responses. The inhibitor of eNOS (L-NIO 10 μM) and iNOS (1400W 10 μM) as well as NO enhancer (SNP 10 μM) were used to clean up the mechanism. CONCLUSION These results provide new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms by which CoQ10 protects against atherogenesis by NO-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Clavreul N, Sansilvestri-Morel P, Magard D, Verbeuren TJ, Rupin A. (Pro)renin promotes fibrosis gene expression in HEK cells through a Nox4-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1310-8. [PMID: 21411480 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00119.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) has recently been demonstrated to bind equally well renin and its precursor, prorenin, leading to a similar intracellular signaling independent of angiotensin II. In this study, we report that human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) exposed to renin or prorenin for 24 h in the presence of a blocking concentration of the angtiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilate increased superoxide anion production as measured by luminescence (lucigenin) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (hydroxylamine radical transition). Also, both renin and prorenin increased Nox4 expression while Nox2, p47(phox), and p67(phox) remained unchanged. In an investigation of the effects of renin and prorenin on fibrosis genes, it appeared that both proteins stimulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibronectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression and therefore participated to an overall switch toward a profibrotic state of the kidney cells. When the cells were transfected with a siRNA targeting the PRR, Nox4 expression was efficiently prevented as well as the increase in superoxide production, TGF-β, fibronectin, and PAI-1. Finally, we demonstrated that transfection of the cells with a Nox4-specific small interfering (si) RNA also prevented fibrosis gene expression following treatment with renin or prorenin. The results demonstrate that renin and prorenin, through their specific membrane receptor and independently of angiotensin II, promote fibrosis gene expression via a Nox4-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Clavreul
- Division of Angiology, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
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All-trans retinoic acid regulates the expression of apolipoprotein E in rats with glomerulosclerosis induced by Adriamycin. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 90:287-94. [PMID: 21385580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important plasma protein in cholesterol homeostasis and plays a key role in the progression of glomerulosclerosis (GS). We conducted this investigation to explore whether all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could regulate the apoE expression in the pathological process of GS. 120 Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: sham operation group (SHO), glomerulosclerosis model group without treatment (GS), GS model group treated with ATRA (GA); n=40, respectively. The disease of GS in rat was established by uninephrectomy and adriamycin (5mg/kg) injection. At the end of 9 and 13 weeks, 20 rats in each group were killed and the relevant samples were collected. 24-hour urine total protein (24UTP), 24-hour urine excretion for albumin (24Ualb), serum total protein (TP) and serum albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum and urine apoE and glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) were measured. The protein expressions of collagen IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN) and apoE in glomeruli were determined by immunohistochemistry. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of apoE mRNA in kidney. TP and Alb in GA group in 9/13-week were increased than those of GS group, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Compared with group GS at 9/13 weeks, values of 24UTP, 24Ualb, BUN, Scr, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, serum and urine apoE, and GSI in GA group that were significantly reduced, and protein expressions of Col-IV, FN and apoE in glomeruli and expression of apoE mRNA in renal tissue were significantly down-regulated by ATRA (P<0.01). In conclusion, ATRA can regulate the expression of apoE, reduce the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and step down the progression of GS.
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Yuan Y, Zhang A, Huang S, Ding G, Chen R. A PPARγ agonist inhibits aldosterone-induced mesangial cell proliferation by blocking ROS-dependent EGFR intracellular signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F393-402. [PMID: 21123490 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00418.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of a number of renal diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has attracted considerable attention for its effects on stimulating cell differentiation and on inducing cell cycle arrest. We previously showed that aldosterone (Aldo) stimulates MC proliferation via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation (Huang S, Zhang A, Ding G, and Chen R. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F1323–F1333, 2009). In this study, we examined whether the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone inhibited Aldo-induced MC proliferation by modulating ROS-dependent EGFR intracellular signaling. Rosiglitazone at 1–10 μM dose dependently inhibited Aldo-induced MC proliferation of cultured mouse MCs. The inhibitory effect was blocked by the PPARγ antagonist PD-68235, indicating that the rosiglitazone effect acted through PPARγ activation. Rosiglitazone also arrested Aldo-induced cell cycle progression and suppressed expression of cyclins D1 and A. Moreover, rosiglitazone dose dependently blocked Aldo-induced ROS production, EGFR phosphorylation, and PI3K/Akt activation. These results suggest that the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone may inhibit Aldo-induced MC proliferation directly, by affecting ROS/EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and cell cycle-regulatory proteins. PPARγ might be a novel therapeutic target against glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang M, Gao X, Wu J, Liu D, Cai H, Fu L, Mei C. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein enhances inflammatory activity in rat mesangial cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:455-63. [PMID: 20623482 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is a mechanism of glomerular damage in chronic glomerulopathies, in which dyslipidaemia plays an important role. Unlike native high-density lipoprotein (HDL), oxidized HDL is thought to be an adverse factor in chronic ischaemic disease and may increase the production of inflammatory cytokines in atheromatous plaques and plasma, but the effect of oxidized HDL on mesangial cells remains unclear. METHODS Intracellular reactive oxygen species level was measured. The inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of oxidized HDL were detected in rat mesangial cells by measuring levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, CXC chemokine ligand-1 and early apoptosis. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38/MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase/MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/MAPK), nuclear factor-kappaB activity and lipoprotein scavenger receptors (CD36, low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and scavenger receptor BI) were also detected. RESULTS Oxidized HDL enhanced reactive oxygen species production and upregulated expression of proinflammatory factors, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CXC chemokine ligand-1 by rat mesangial cells dose in a dependent fashion. Incubation with oxidized HDL also increased rat mesangial cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These effects partly depended on scavenger receptors CD36 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, but not scavenger receptor BI. In addition, co-culture with oxidized HDL activated P38/MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that oxidized HDL enhanced proinflammatory properties in mesangial cells partly via CD36 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. MAPK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways were involved in the process. The ability of oxidized HDL to negatively influence mesangial cell biology may represent an important mechanism of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, People's Republic of China
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Cardinal JS, Zhan J, Wang Y, Sugimoto R, Tsung A, McCurry KR, Billiar TR, Nakao A. Oral hydrogen water prevents chronic allograft nephropathy in rats. Kidney Int 2009; 77:101-9. [PMID: 19907413 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy seen in chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). As molecular hydrogen gas can act as a scavenger of ROS, we tested the effect of treatment with hydrogen water (HW) in a model of kidney transplantation, in which allografts from Lewis rats were orthotopically transplanted into Brown Norway recipients that had undergone bilateral nephrectomy. Molecular hydrogen was dissolved in water and recipients were given HW from day 0 until day 150. Rats that were treated with regular water (RW) gradually developed proteinuria and their creatinine clearance declined, ultimately leading to graft failure secondary to CAN. In contrast, treatment with HW improved allograft function, slowed the progression of CAN, reduced oxidant injury and inflammatory mediator production, and improved overall survival. Inflammatory signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, were less activated in renal allografts from HW-treated rats as compared with RW-treated rats. Hence, oral HW is an effective antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent that prevented CAN, improved survival of rat renal allografts, and may be of therapeutic value in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S Cardinal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Jia H, Qi X, Fang S, Jin Y, Han X, Wang Y, Wang A, Zhou H. Carnosine inhibits high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation through mediating cell cycle progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 154:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu X, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Miao J. Protective effects of a benzoxazine derivative against oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis and the increases of integrin beta4, ROS, NF-kappaB and P53 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2896-900. [PMID: 19362839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether 6-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzoxazine (ABO) inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis, we treated HUVECs with oxLDL in the absence or presence of ABO. The results showed that ABO could act as an effective inhibitor of oxLDL-elicited HUVEC apoptosis by inhibiting the levels of integrin beta4, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-kappaB and P53, and suppressing NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zbidi H, Salido S, Altarejos J, Perez-Bonilla M, Bartegi A, Rosado JA, Salido GM. Olive tree wood phenolic compounds with human platelet antiaggregant properties. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 42:279-85. [PMID: 19195914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil are natural polyphenolic compounds with a significant radical scavenging activity present in olive tree. We have investigated the antiaggregant effects of oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of olive tree wood. Oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil reduced the ability of thrombin to stimulate platelet aggregation. Both compounds reduced thrombin-evoked Ca(2+) release and entry to a similar extent to hydroxytyrosol. This effect was greater in platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in controls. Thrombin-, thapsigargin- and 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (TBHQ)-evoked protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which is involved in Ca(2+) signalling and platelet aggregation, is inhibited by oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil. oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil are natural oxygen radical scavengers that reduce thrombin-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation, Ca(2+) signalling and platelet aggregation. These observations suggest that oleuropein and (+)-cycloolivil may prevent thrombotic complications associated to platelet hyperaggregability and be the base for the development of antiaggregant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Zbidi
- Unité de Recherche de Biochimie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, 5019-Monastir, Tunisia
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Liu S, Kapoor M, Shi‐Wen X, Kennedy L, Denton CP, Glogauer M, Abraham DJ, Leask A. Role of Rac1 in a bleomycin‐induced scleroderma model using fibroblast‐specific Rac1‐knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2189-95. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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